For as God of his part is veral church liberty which never had merciful and
gracious
to the repentant sinner, ground the holy scriptures?
Complete Collection of State Trials for Treason - v01
recommended himself
for which lastly, that
receive the stroke and immediately the ex ecutioner performed his office. Northumber land's exhortations variously affected the minds
hear him had pro the account
fessed for above 30 years; and
which chiefly had advised king Edward
exclude his sisters. Most have written, that
late king. But nothing this was mentioned his trial; because his judges undertook not the examination into king Edward's death, but
(b) Fox, who lived these times, confirms
and clears this matter: who writes, that the
duke had promise made him pardon; yea, though his head were upon the block,
Can terbury, for Treason and Heresy: MARy, PHIL. MARY,
50. Proceedings against Thomas CRAN MER, Archbishop
1554, 1556. Fox's Acts and Monum. 647. ]
KING Edward the sixth, prince most Mary was wholly wedded popish religion, worthy towardness, falling sick, when per bequeathed the succession this realm the ceived that his death was hand, and the lady Jane, lady great birth, but greater force his painful disease would not suffer learning, being niece king Henry 8th his him live longer, and knowing that his sister sister, consent the council and lawyers
his death, Having God, and
who pretended, that had not any hand
the rebellion, nor was engaged any party,
but having public post, had spent the
time his usûal diversion hunting, and
other sports (a). However, appeared that being cunning man, and fond life, did he was engaged Northumberland's side, and this hopes pardon; and that when therefore he was likewise condemned. After looked round him and saw was deceived, wards, the earl Warwick, Northumberland's repented (b). He was charged, upon eldest son, when the plea his youth would trivial conjectures, with having poisoned the not be admitted excuse great crime,
received his sentence death with wonder
ful constancy; and only prayed her majesty,
that out his estate confiscated, his debts
might discharged. These were presently Mary. Gates too and Palmer underwent the
the people, who were amazed speak against that religion, which
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760] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARY, 1553. −for Treason and Heresy. [770
this realm *. To this Testament of the king's, folk executed, likewise she caused the
when the nobles the realm, states and lady Jane, being both age tender, and inno judges had subscribed; they sent for the Arch cent from this crime, after she could
bishop, and required him that also would means turned from the constancy her subscribe. But excusing himself on this faith, together with her husband, behead manner, said, that was otherwise the Tes ed. —The rest the nobles paying fines were
tament king Henry his father, and that
could not
forgiven, the archbishop Canterbury only excepted. Who though desired pardon means his friends, could obtain none; inso much that the queen would not once vouch
Mary, then was bound,
had sworn the succession
the next heir, which oath
that without manifest perjury
from The Council answered, that they safe see him. For yet the old grudge were not ignorant that, and that they had against the archbishop for the divorcement
conscience well he, and moreover that her mother, remained hid the bottom they were sworn that Testament, and there her heart. Besides this divorce, she remem
fore should not think there was any danger
therein, that should more peril
perjury than the rest. To this the Archbishop
answered, that was judge man's con science but his own and therefore as he
would not prejudicial others, would
not commit his conscience unto other men's say dirge mass after the old custom, for the
facts, cast himself into danger, seeing that funeral king Edward her brother. Neither every man should give account his own wanted there some which reported that had conscience, and not other men's. And already said mass Canterbury which mass concerning subscription, before had spoken indeed was said Dr. Thornton. This ru with the king himself,
do it.
utterly refused
mour Cranmer thinking speedily stay, gave forth writing his purgation.
The king therefore
This Bill being thus written, and lying open window his chamber, come
chance master Story, bishop then Roches
being
Archbishop concerning this matter, said, that
demanded the
the nobles and lawyers the realm counselled
him unto and persuaded him that the bond ter, who after had read and perused the
bered the state religion changed; was imputed - the archbishop thereof.
which the cause
While these things were doing,
was mens mouths, that the archbishop, curry favour with the queen, had promised
rumour
of the first testament could nothing let, but that this lady Jane might succeed him heir, and the people without danger acknowledge
same, required the archbishop have copy the bill. The abp. when bad grant
and permitted the same master Story, her their queen. Who then demanding the occasion thereof master Story lending
leave the king, that certain lawyers that were they agreed that
might first talk with some friend his, there were divers copies the court; when taken out thereof, and the thing published law the realm abroad among the common people; insomuch
might so, returning -the king, with much that every scrivener's shop almost, was occupi
ado he subscribed.
Well, not long after this, king Edward died,
writing and copying out the same and
length some bishop's hands, and
whose decease inmediately was command matter was known, and ed that the lady Jane, which was unwilling appear.
being almost years old, the great sorrow,
but greater calamity the whole realm. After and they sending
these copies coming the brought the council,
thereunto, should proclaimed queen. Which thing much misliked the common people not that they did much favour Mary, before
whom they saw the lady Jane preferred, for
the hatred conceived against some, whom they could not favour.
Whereupon Dr. Cranmer his day prefix ed, appeared before the said commissioners, bringing true inventory, was command ed, his goods. That done, bishop
the queen's privy council, (Dr. Heath, bishop
after York) being one the said commis Besides this, other causes there happened sioners, after the inventory was received,
also of discord between the nobles and the commons the same time: for what injuries
bringing mention the bill; My lord, said he, there bill put forth your name, wherein you seem aggrieved with setting up the mass again; we doubt not but you are sorry that gone abroad. —To whom the archbishop answered again, saying, As
not deny myself the very author that bill letter, must confess here unto you, concerning the same bill, that am sorry that the said bill went from me such sort
wrongfully holden, with other inordinate pollings and uncharitable
dealing between the landlords and tenants, cannot tell. But fine, thus the matter fell
out, that Mary hearing the death her bro ther, and shifting for herself, was assisted
the commons, that estsoons she prevailed. Who, being established the possession
commons and inclosures
did. For when had written Dr. Story got after she had caused first the two fathers, the the copy me, and now come abroad, and
the realm, not long after came London, and duke of Northumberland and the duke of Suf
understand, the city
which am sorry, that for intended otherwise
full For passed my hands
have made
Vol.
See
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771] STATE TRIALS, J Mary, 1533. -Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [772
more large and ample manner, and minded to have set it on Paul's church door, and on the doors of all the churches in London, with nine own seal joined thereto.
ton and other the university, whereby they
were judged heretics, and committed the mayor and sheriffs Oxford. But for asmuch the sentence given against them was
At which words, when they saw the constant void law (for that time the authority ness of the man, they dismissed him, affirming the pope was not yet received into the land) that they had no more at that present to say therefore was new commission sent from
unto him, but that shortly he should hear fur Rome, and new process framed for the con ther. The said bishop declared afterward to viction these reverend and godly learned one of Dr. Cranmer's friends, that notwith men aforesaid. which commission, first standing his attainder of treason, the queen's was Dr. James Brooks bishop Giocester the determination at that time was, that Cranmer pope's subdelegate, with Dr. Martin, and Dr. should only have been deprived of his archbi Story, commissioners the king and queen's shopric, and have had a sufficient living as behalf, for the execution the same. Of the signed him, upon his exhibiting of a true inven which three commissioners above named, tory, with commandment to keep his house touching Dr. Martin, this the way
without meddling in matters of religion. But understood, that although was used for how true that was, I have not to say. This is instrument the Pope's side, serve turn certain, that not long after this, he was sent (whose book also extant against the law unto the Tower, and soon after condemned of marriage priests) yet notwithstanding Treason. Notwithstanding the queen, when neither was bitter enemy this perse she could not honestly deny him his pardon, cution, other commissioners were; and also seeing the rest were discharged, and speci this time queen Elizabeth, where divers ally, seeing last, other, subscribed other doctors of the Arches refused to be king Edward's request, and that against his sworn against the pope, denied not the
own will, released him his action Treason,
and accused him only Heresy; which liked the archbishop right well, and came pass
wished, because the cause was not his own, but Christ's; not the queen's, but the church's. Thus stood the cause Cranmer, till length
was determined the queen and the coun
cil, that should removed from the Tower
where was prisoner, Oxford, there dis
pute with the doctors and divines. And pri
vily word was sent before them Ox
ford prepare themselves, and make them
ready dispute. And although the queen the East end the said church the high
and the bishops had concluded before what altar, was erected solemn scaffold for bishop should become him, yet pleased them Brooks aforesaid, representing the pope's per
that the matter should debated with argu
disputa
son, ten foot high. The seat was made that might under the sacrament the altar. And the right hand the pope's delegate
ments, that under some honest shew
tion the murder the man might
Neither could their hasty speed
all haste he was carried Oxford. missioners, which were both doctors the Without reciting the particulars this dis civil law, and underneath them other doctors, putation his condemnation the university scribes, and pharisees also, with the pope's
and the prolocutor, we now proceed his final collector, and rabblement such other like. judgment and order condemnation, which And thus these bishops being placed their was the 12th day September, 1555, and pontificalibus, the bishop Canterbury was
seven days before the condemnation bishop sent for come before them. He having in Ridley and master Latimer. The story where telligence them that were there, thus or here followeth, faithfully corrected the dered himself. He came forth the prison Report and Narration (coming chance the church saint Mary, set forth with bills our hands) one who being both present and gleves for fear should start away, being (hereat, and also devout favourer the see clothed fair black gown, with his hood on
and faction Rome, can lack no credit both shoulders, such doctors divinity
trowe) with such, which seek what they can the university use wear. Who, after was discredit whatsoever maketh not with their come into the church, and did them sit
phantasied religion Rome. their pontificalibus, did not put off his cap
After the disputations done and finished any them, but stood still till that was Oxford between the doctors both universi called. And anon one the proctors for the
ties, and the three worthy bishops, Dr. Cran pope, mer, Ridley, and Latimer, heard then how bishop sentence condemnatory immediately upon the answer
saune was ministered against them Dr. Wes that
else his doctor, called Thomas arch Canterbury, appear here and make that shall laid thy charge;
say, for Blasphemy, Incontinency,
oath and yet notwithstanding not altogether here excused. But the purpose this story. Whereof first shall requisite de clare the circumstance, and the whole state the matter, general description, before we come their orations, according
parcel certain letter touching the same, came to our hands.
Imprimis, here understood, that
the coining down the foresaid commission ers, which was upon Thursday, the 12th
Sept. 1555, the Church Saint Mary, and
covered.
revenge beneath him sat Dr. Martin, and on the left
ment abide any long delay; and therefore hand sat Dr. Story the king and queen's con
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773] STATE TRIALS, I MAry, i553–sor Treason and Heresy.
-
and Heresy; and make Answer here to the Sin minus, Remember from whence thou bishop of Glocester, representing the pope's art fallen, and do the first works, not, and
first well viewed the place of judgment, and church Christ, from the very true and re spying where the king and queen's majesty's ceived faith christendom, and that proctors were, putting off his cap, he first hum open heresy. You have fallen from your pro bly bowing his knee to the ground, made reve mise God, from your fidelity and allegiance, rence to the one, and after to the other. Tha and that open preaching, marriage, and done, beholding the bishop in the face, he put adultery. You have fallen from your sovereign on his bonnet again, making no manner of princeand queen open treason. Remember token of obedience towards him at all. Where therefore from whence you are fallen. Your at the bishop being offended, said unto him, fall great, the danger cannot seen. Where That it might beseem him right well, weighing fore when say, remember from whence you the authority he did represent, to do duty are fallen, put you mind not only your unto him. Whereunto Dr. Cranmer answered fall, but also the state you were before and said, That had once taken solemn your fall. You were sometime, and other oath, never consent the admitting the poor men, mean estate, God take wit bishop Rome's authority into this realm ness, speak reproach abasement England again and that had done ad you, but put you memory, how God hath
and therefore would commit nothing either one degree another, from better better, and sign token, which might argue his consent never gave you over, till had appointed you the receiving the same, and desired the Legatum natum, Metropolitanum Anglia, Pas said bishop judge him, and that did torem gregis sui. Such great trust did put
not for any contempt his person, which you in, his church, what could more?
person. ’
know what followeth. Remember Upon this he being brought more near unto yourself from whence you have fallen. You the scaffold, where the foresaid bishop sat, he have fallen from the universal and catholic
visedly, and meant God's grace keep it; called you from low high degree, from
present and saw could possible.
and marked
Glou church might spoiled and brought into ruin; Can yet may appear many your doings other
terbury, the Church Saint Mary Or wise, and for my part,
. . ford, March 12, 1556. one us, shall think the best.
excellent majesties not your utter discomfort, stick was set the highest place the but your comfort you will yourself. We church, and the light your candle was over come not judge you, but put you re all the church; would God had continued
membrance that you have been, and shall still. But after began fall schism, and be. Neither come we dispute with you but would not acknowledge the pope's holiness
Dr. Brooks, bishop cester, unto Dr. Cranmer, archbishop
The ORATION
behoveth each For who was who was more WHEN after many means used, they per religious the face the world Who was ceived that the archbishop would not move his thought have more conscience vow bonnet, the bishop proceeded these words making, and observing the order the church,
following: “My lord, this present we are more earnest the defence the real presence come you Commissioners, and for you, not Christ's body and blood the sacrament intruding ourselves our own authority, but the altar than were and then things sent Commission, partly from the pope's prospered with you your prince favoured you; holiness, partly from the king and queen's most yea God himself favoured you; your candle
oyou matters; being supreme head, stoutly uphold examine certain which but would the
done, make relation thereof him that hath unlawful requests king Henry the 8th, and
judge you. The first being well would bear with that should not be born with
make the second be well taken. began you fancy liberty, then unlawful
you your part moved come
conformity, then shall not only we our side
take joy our examination, but also they that
have sent us. And first, charity doth
move us, would think good somewhat ex Earl Ecclesiam non est salus, Without the hort you, and that the second chapter church there salvation. When had Saint John the Apoc. Memor esto unde forsaken God, God forsook you, and gave you excideris, age panitentiam, prima opera fac. over your own will and suffered you fall
power taken,
For
and when you had exiled good conscience, then ensued great shipwreck the sea, which was out the true and catholic church, cast into the sea desperation; for saith;
thought then more devout
774
for even as he ordained Moses be ruler well any the other, his commission over his Church Israel, and gave him full had come from good authority theirs. authority upon the same did make you
This answered both modestly, wisely, and over his Church England. And when did patiently, with his cap his head, not once this for you forsooth when you gave occa
could have been content have honoured
bowing making any reverence him that sion cause represented the pope's person, which was won his magistrates.
mistrust either him,
For although conjec
derously the people marked that was there tured, that
your time were not upright nigh the honour and faith Christ, but rather set purpose instrument, whereby the
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775] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARy, 1553. -Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [776
from schism to apostasy, from apostasy to he breaking your vow; and Vigilantius said, resy, and from heresy to perjury, from perjury insomuch that he would admit none his to treason, and so in conclusion, into the full ministery, but those that had their wives bag indignation of our sovereign prince, which you ged with children. What now Shall we say may think a just punishment of God, for your that Vigilantius did not fall therefore? Did not other abominable opinions. After that, ye Donatus and Novatus fall, because they said so, fell lower and lower, and now to the lowest and brought Scripture for their defence? Then degree of all, to the end of honour and life. believe we list, pretending well, and For if the light of your candle be as it hath say tray, there man blind that will
been hitherto dusky your candlestick is like say so. For except the church which condemn to be removed, and have a great fall, so low, eth them for their say so, approve for
and so far out of knowledge, that it shall be so, then will she condenm you also. So that quite out of God's favour, and past hope your denial will not stand. And therefore tell recovery Quia inferno nulla est redemptio, you, remember from whence are fallen, and For hell there redemption. The dan how long shall fall, you hold you
ger whereof being great, very pity causeth begin. But trust you will not continue, but
Ine say, Memor esto unde ereideris, Re revoke yourself time, and the remedy fol member from whence thou hast fallen. add loweth. -‘Age panitentiam, prima opera fac,'
also, and whither you fall. But here perad for such means have fallen must venture you will say sue. What sir, my fall rise again. First, your heart hath fallen, then
not great you make have not yet your tongue and your pen, and besides your fallen from the catholic church. For that own damage hath caused many more fall.
not the catholic church that the pope head Therefore, first your heart must turn, and thea of. There another church. But touching shall the tongue and the pen quickly turned; that answer; you are sure that the Sin minus, veniam tubi cuto, invve can't le. Donatists were, for they said that they had the brum tuum de loco suo. —I need not teach true church, and that the name true Chris you method turn; you know the ready tians remained only Africk, where only their way yourself. But would God could but seditious sect was preached and you think, exhort you the right and truth, then the way
thought Novatus, that they that did ac should soon found out. For remember knowledge their supreme head the see how many have brought abominable he Rome, were out the church Christ. But resy into the way perdition, doubt not but here Saint Cyprian defending Cornclius against very conscience weuld move you, much for Novatus, libro secundo, epistola seata, saith them for yourself, come again. And this wise Ecclesia una est, que cum una, would you spare neither tongue nor pen, heart intus foris esse non potest. that Novatus were once reformed; for touching that point, were the true church, then was not Corne the Holy Ghost toucheth their hearts very near
the mouth holy prophet Ezekiel, when requireth the blood flock the priest's
|.
the whole
lius, who indeed lawful succession succeeded
Fabian. Here Saint Cyprian intendeth
process prove,
thereupon, that the true church was only Rome.
hands, good
for lack and wholesoine food.
and concludeth
How much more should this touch your guity Gather you then what will follow your fall. heart, having overmuch diligence teach them But you will say peradventure, that you fell the way perdition, and feeding them with
not heresy, and said the Arrians, alledg baggage and corrupt food, which heresy. Qui
ing for themselves that they had Scripture, convertere fecerit peccatorem errore vita: and going about persuade their schism sue, salvam,faciet animam suam shorte, ope Scripture; for indeed they had more places rict multitudinem peccatorum suorum, He two and forty, which their torture seemed that shall convert sinner from his wicked life,
depend upon Scripture, than the Catholics shall save his soul from death, and shall cover
the multitude sins. So that be true that who converteth sinner, saveth soul;
true succession the apostles: for troubled and disquiet conscience. He did
the apostics required me hold, hold not only repent, but recant, and not unuch
it. The apos'es have received me, and put for himself, for then whom had with unost
had. did the Martians provoke their heresy Scripture. But those are Scriptures;
for they are not truly alled-ed, nor truly
terpreted, but untruly wrested and wrong, ac that perverteth soul, and teacheth ilim the cording their own fantasies. And therefore way perdition, must needs damned. — were they justly condemned, for their wrong Origines super Paulum Romanos; The damn taking the Scriptures, and the church repli ation those that preach heresy doth increase eth against them, saying Qui estis vos quan the day judgment. The more that perish do? quid agit inco, non mei The church heretical doctrine, the more grievous shall saith, what make you here my heritage? their torment be, that minister such doctrine. from whence came you the Scripture nine Berengarius who seemed fear that danger, inheritance; am right heir thereof. hold provided for life time, but not without
one my right, and have rejected wou bastoris, having title thereunto. —Also
pestilent here sies infected. For jay
his death bed upon Epiphany day, demand them that were present, this, quoti, he,
will dens that have allen
apostasy,
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777]
STATE TRIALs, 1 May, 1553–so, Treason and Hercy. [778
the day of Epiphany, and appearing of the was received into the church Christ with
Lord? They answered him, Yea. Then, quoth wonderful joy the whole congregation, even
he, this day shall the Lord appear to me, either shall you be. The fame your return shall
to my comfort, either to my discomfort. This spread abroad throughout Christendom,
remorse argueth, that he feared the danger of where your face was never known. —But you
them whom he had taught, and led out of the will say perhaps, your conscience will not suf. faith of Christ. Origines upon him saith in this fer you. My lord, there good conscience,
wise; although his own blood was not upon his and there bad conscience. The good con head, for that he did repeat, and was sorry for science have not they, St. Paul declareth
his former errors, yet being converted, he feared Timothy concerning Hymeneus and Alexander. the blood of them whom he had infected, and The evil and bad conscience saith St. Cy who received his doctrine. —Let this move you prian, well known his mark. What
even at the last point. Insomuch as your case is not unlike to Berengarius, let your repent
ance be like also. And what should stay you,
tell me, from this godly return ? fear, that ye
have gone so far, ye may not return; nay, then
I may say as David said, Illic tropidaverunt
ubi non crat tumor. Ye fear where ye have no
cause to fear. For if ye repetit and be heartily and universal church of Christ what consci
sorry for your former heresy and apostasy, ye ence doth separate you that devilish and se need not to fear.
For as God of his part is veral church liberty which never had merciful and gracious to the repentant sinner, ground the holy scriptures? you judge so is the king, so is the queen merciful, which your liberty good, then judge you all
ye may well perceive, by your own case, since Christendom evil besides you. -O what ye inight have suffered a great whiles ago for presumptuous persuasion this, upon this treason committed against her highness, but utterly forsake the church Christ under that ye have been spared and reserved upon what colour pretence you this for the hope of amendment, which she conceived very abuses? though your church were abu good of you, but now (as it seemeth) is but a ses: yes that there were. And you forsake very desperate hope. And what do you there the universal church for the abuses, why you by Secundum duritiem cords thesaurizas tibi not then forsake your particular church, and
mark this conscience marked with the print here. -y. This conscience naughty, filthy, and branded conscience, which trust not
you. than so,
bave conceived better hope you else would never about per
exhort you. But what conscience
suade
should stay you return the catholic faith
iram in die irac, i. According to the hardness flitting from one another that not of your heart ye treasure up to yourself anger the next way, slip from the church the in the day of wrath. -West, what is it then, if abuses; for you had seen abuses, you should fear do not hinder you? shame, to unsay that rather have endeavoured for reformation
that you have said: Nay, it is no shame, unless then for defection. He good chirurgion, ye think it shame to agree with the true and who for little pain the toe will cut off the the catholic church of Christ. And if that be whole leg. He helpeth well the tooth-ach,
shame then blame St. Paul who persecuted the which cutteth away the head the shoulders. disciples of Christ with the sword, then blame mere folly amend abuses abuses. Peter, who denied his master Christ with oath, Ye are like Diogenes; for Diogenes time that never knew him. St. Cyprian before envying the cleanliness Plato, said this his return being witch; St. Austen being nine wise, Ecce calco fastum Platonis. Plato an years out the church: They thought swered, Sed allo fastu. that Diogenes shame after their return that they had re seemed more faulty the two. —But when we
turned. Shall then shame for you con have said that can, peradventure you vert and consent with the church Christ? will say, will not return. And that say,
No, no. —What then that doth you will not answer. Nevertheless, hear what glory the world? nay, the vanity the Christ saith such obstinate and stiffnecked world, for my part judge not you, being people the parable the supper. When man learning, and knowing your estate. — had sent out his men call them that were
Aud for the loss your estimation,
one that where you were archbishop
terbury, and metropolitan
ten appointed, and they would not come, bad
Can his servants into the ways and streets, ten compet men come Cogite intrare.
England,
well still, yea then the church will not lose any member that
one, say, that shall
i. winning may compelled in,
and rather better. —And
ood men, there doubt but that
for the come must think
present, and the whole congregation
Christ's church also will more rejoice your pared for you and this compulsion standeth return, than they were sorry for your fall. And well with charity. —But may perhaps, that
for the other, need not doubt, for they some hath animated you stick your tackle, shall come after and say the truth, you and not give over, bearing you hand that should lose them for ever were force, your opinion good, and that shall die should have loss thereby all. not good quarrel, and God shall accept your ob here touch them which should confirm your es lation. But hear what Christ saith meaner timation. Fur St. Paul after his conversion gift; thou come the altar offer thy
good take the compulsion, lest you lose your
part supper pre the which the Lord hath
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770, STATE TRIALs, 1 Mary, 1553–Proceeding against Archbishop crammer, too
oblation, and knowest that thy brother hath tuality, yet for the suppression heresies and somewhat to say against thee, leave there thy schisms, kings were admitted aiders there gift, and go and be reconciled to thy brother, unto. First, Constantius the Great called and then come and offer up thy gift, or else thy council Nice for the suppression the brother will make thy offering unsavoury be Arians sect, where the same time was raised
fore God. This he said unto the world, great contention armong them. And after long the end they should know how their offerings disputation had, when the fathers could not
should received, they were not according.
agree upon the putting down they referred their judgment God forbid, quoth Constantine
the Arians Constantine.
—Remember you therefore before you offer
your offering, whether your gift qualified
no. Remember the Church Rome, and also rule me, and not you. And Constantine
England, where not one only brother, but did, did Theodosius against the Nestorians, number have matter against you, just that did Marcianus against Manicheus. Jovinian
they will make your burnt offering stink made law, that man should marry with before God, except you reconciled. you nun, that had wedded herself the church. —
must needs appoint upon sacrifice, make yet mean first them that have lay against
had king Henry the 8th the title defender the faith, because wrote against Luther and his complices. these 900 years the kings Spain had that title catholic, for the expulsion the Arians; and say the truth, the king and queen's majesties nothing de generate from their ancestors, taking upon them restore again the title defender the faith, the right heir thereof, the pope's holi
wou. say more than the church hath
lowed me say. For the sacrifice that
offered without the church not profitable.
The premises therefore considered, for God's
sake, say, Memor esto unde eccideris, age
manitentiam, prima opera fac. Stu minus, &c.
Cast not yourself away, spare your body, spare
your soul, spare them also whom have se ness. -Therefore these two princes, perceiving duced, sparé the shedding Christ's blood
you ought
for you vain. Harden not your heart, ac knowledge the truth, yield the prescript word God, the Catholic Church Rome,
the received verity Christendom. Wed
this noble realm, how hath been brought from the unity the true and Catholic Church, the which you and your confederates do, and have renounced perceiving also that you persist your detestable errors, and will
not yourself your own sell-will. Stand not no means revoked from the same, have made too much your own conceit, think not your their humble request and petition the pope's self wiser than Christendom besides you. holiness, Paulus 4th, supreme head the Leave this unjust cavil. How leave what church Christ, declaring him, that where leave reason, leave wonder, and believe the you were archbishop Canterbury, and me
Catholic Church doth believe and teach you. Persuade with yourself, that Ertra Ecclesian
mon salus, Without the church there salvation. And thus much have said cha
rity. this poor simple exhortation mine may sink into your head, and take effect with
you, then have said otherwise not would, but present. ”
tropolitan England, and your consecration took two solemn oaths, for your due obedience
be given the see Rome, become true preacher pastor his flock, yet con trary your oath and allegiance, for unity have sowed discord; for chastity, marriage and
would have said, adultery; for obedience, contention; and for
could for this faith, have been the author mischief. The pope's holiness considering their request
And thus bishop Brooks finishing his Oration, and petition, hath granted them, that accord sat down. After whom, Dr. Martin, taking ing the censure this realm process should the matter hand, beginneth thus: made against you. And whereas this
having the keys, the other the sword, yet
ages we read that for the honour and glory God
both these powers have been adjoined together.
For we read the old Testament, we shall find ness, the examination such articles that did Josias and Ezekias. So did the shall proposed against you, and that we
king the Nimivites compel general fast should require the examination you, the through the whole city. did Darius king and queen's majesty's behalf. The king breaking the great idol, Bell, and delivered and queen touching themselves, because godly Daniel out the den lions. did the law they cannot appear personally, Nebuchadnezzar make and institute laws against Quia sunt illustris. persona, have appointed the blasphemers God. But pass these their attornies, Dr. Story and me. Where examples, with great number more, and
come Christ's time, not unknown what
fore here offer your good lordship our proxy, sealed with the broad seal England, and offer myself proctor the king's
great travel they took set forth God's ho mour: and although the rule and government
majesty's behalf. exhibit here also certain articles, containing the manifest adultery and
the church did only appertain the spiri
late time, you both excluded charity and jus
The ORATION Dr. Martin.
Albert there be two governments, the shall have both charity and justice shewed unto
tice, yet hath his holiness decreed, that you one spiritual, and the other temporal, the one you. He willeth you should have the laws
most ample manner answer your behalf, and that you shall here come before my lord Gloucester, high commissioner from his holi
of “ ofaof to ofsoif Ifest II
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781]
STATE TRIALs, 1 Mary, 1553–for Treason and Heresy. 782
perjury: also books of heresy, made partly nire, and the law the realm expelled, by him, partly set forth by authority. and the king standeth accursed maintaining And here produce him party principal, his own laws. Therefore consideration that answer your good lordship. the king and queen take their power him,
Thus when Dr. Martin had ended his Ora though God should give them there no tion, the Archbishop beginneth, here fol true subject, unless abrogate, seeing the
loweth -
Cranmer. Shall then make my Answer Martin. you think good, man shall
let you. -
And here the archbishop kneeling down
crown holden him being out the realm. —The bishop Rome contrary God, and
injurious his laws; for God commanded
men diligent the knowledge his
law; and therefore hath appointed one holy both knees towards the west, said first the day the week the least, for the people
Lord's Prayer. Then rising the Articles the Creed.
entereth with his protestation loweth
reciteth come the church and hear the word God
The FAITH and PRofession mer, Archbishop Commissioners.
Which done, form
expounded unto them, and that they might the fol better understand hear their mother tongue which they know. The pope doth con
Doctor Cran trary; for willeth the service had Canterbury, before the the Latin tongue, which they not understand.
God would have perceived the pope will not. When the priest giveth thanks, God
would that the people should too, and God will them confess altogether; the pope will not. —Now concerning the Sacra ment, have taught false doctrine the sacrament the altar: for can proved
any doctor above thousaud years after Martin. Mark master Cranmer how you Christ, that Christ's body there really, will answer for yourself. You refuse and deny him, give over. My book was made seven years
whose laws yet remain life, being ago, and man hath brought any authors otherwise attainted high treason, and but against believe that whoso eateth and dead man the laws this realm. drinketh that sacrament, Christ within them,
Cran. protest before God was trai whole Christ, his nativity, passion, resurrection tor, but indeed confessed more my arraign and ascension; but not that corporally that
profess touching my faith, and make my Protestation, which
desire you note. will never consent that the bishop Rome shall have any jurisdiction within this realm.
CRANMER. This
Story. Take note thereof.
ment than was true.
Martin. That not be reasoned this
present. Ye know were condemned traitor, and Res judicata pro veritate accipitur.
But proceed your matter.
Cran. will never consent the bishop
Rome, for then should give myself the devil; for have made oath the king, and
must obey the king God's laws. By the Scripture the king chief, and foreign per son his own realin above him. There no subject but king. am subject, owe
sitteth heaven. Now Christ commanded all
drink the cup the pope taketh away from the lay men, also yet one saith, that
Christ had died for the devil, that drink thereof. Christ biddeth
king, etiam discolo. The bishop
deth obey him therefore unless be Antichrist, cannot tell what make him. Wherefore should obey him, cannot obey Christ. He like the devil his doings; for the devil said Christ, thou wilt fall down and worship me, will give thee the king doins the world. Thus took upon him give that which was not his own. Even the bishop Rome giveth princes their crowns,
being none his own; for where princes either election, either succession, either in
heritance obtain their crown, saith that they should have from him. —Christ saith, that Antichrist shall be. And who shall he be? Forsooth he that advanceth himself above all other creatures. Now there he none alrea
my fidelity the crown. The pope the crown. cannot obey both
can serve two masters once,
beginning your oration declared and the keys, attributing the keys
and the sword the king. But hath both. Therefore that Rome, and the laws Rome,
contrary for man you the
the sword
the pope, say the king
subject perjured
for the pope's and the judge's laws are contrary,
they are uncertain and confounded. priest
indebted the laws the realm, shall sued
before temporal judge; the pope's laws besides the pope, then -in the mean time let contrary. The pope doth the king injury, him be Antichrist.
that hath his power from the pope. The Story. Pleaseth you make end king head his own realm but the pope Cran. For will the vicar Christ,
claimeth bishops, priests, curates, &c.
the pope every realm hath realm. —Again,
by the laws Rome the benefice must given the bishop the laws the realm,
will dispense with the Old and New Testa ment also, yea and with apostasy. —Now have
declared why cannot with my conscience obey
the pope. speak not this for hatred bear the patron giveth the benefice. Herein the him that now supplieth the room, for know
laws contrary fire and water. No man him not. pray God give him grace not ean the laws Rome proceed Praemu follow ancestors. Neither say this my
that hath advanced himself after such sort
should obey the Rome bid
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785) STATE TRIALS, 1 MARY, 1553–Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [7s,
defence, but to declare my conscience for the argued length. So the last both the zeal that I bear to God's word trodden under Universities agreed, and set their seals, and
foot by the bishop of Rome. I cast fear apart, sent king Henry 8th the court, that for Christ said to his Apostles, that in the lat ought supreme head, and not the pope.
ter days they should suffer much sorrow, and be put to death name's sake: fear them not, saith he, but fear him which when hath killed the body, hath power cast the soul into fire everlasting. Also Christ saith, that he that will live shall die, and that loseth his life for my name's sake, shall find again. Moreover said, confess me before men, and
uot afraid; for you so, will stand with you you shoink from me, will shrink from you. This comfortable and terrible say ing, this maketh me set fear apart.
say therefore the bishop Rome treadeth un der foot God's laws and the king's. --The pope would give bishoprics; would the king. But
the last the king got the upper hand, and
are bishops perjured first the pope, and
then the king. —The crown hath nothing
Whereupon you were then doctor divinity that time, and your consent was there unto,
your hand doth appear. Therefore you misreport me, that was the cause your falling away from the pope, but was your self. All this was bishop Warrham's time, and whilst was alive, that was three quarters year after ere ever had the bi shoprick Canterbury my hands, and be fore might any thing. that here have reported me that which cannot prove, which evil done. —All this while his cap was his head.
Glocest. We come examine you, and you, methink, examine us.
Dr. Story's oratios.
Pleaseth your good lordship, be hath pleased the king and queen’s
judge, the judge shall make process against majesties
him, but not execute any laws. For the hear the examination this man before your
judge should put him execution, then the good lordship, give me leave somewhat king accursed maintaining his own laws. talk that behalf. Although know that
do with the clergy. For clerk come before cause
appoint my companion and me
Srony.
And therefore say that neither true God, neither the king, that first received the pope. But shall heartily pray for such coun sellors, may inform her the truth; for the
talk with heretics there cometh hurt men; for wearieth the stedfast, troubleth the doubt ful, and taketh snare the weak and simple: yet because saith, not bound an swer your lordship sitting for the pope's holi ness, because Premunire, and the word
king and queen, do well.
Martin.
maintain the supremacy Rome, they cannot
maintain England too.
Cran. require you declare the king
they well informed, will
you understand, then they God termeth it; think good somewhat
and queen what have said, and how their
oaths stand with the realm and the pope. will glad hear your most charitable
Gregory saith, that taketh upon him
be head the universal church, worse than the Antichrist. any man can shew me, that not against God's word hold his stirrup when taketh his horse, and kiss his
dealing with him; will they weary
hear the blundering this stubborn heretic. And where alledgeth divinity, mingling fas
néfasque together, should not have been heard. For shall be sufficient for him alledge, the judge not competent Do we not see that the common law not lawful
feet (as kings do) then will kiss his feet also.
—And you for your part, my lord, are perjured;
for now judge the pope, and yet you for man Westminster ball refuse his
did receive your bishoprick the king. You judge: And shall we dispute contra eun gui
the negal principia Although there here the great company learned men, that know
unmeet do, yet have here plain canon,
Henry 8th, that ought and this you contraire decretis, nec locum deinceps inter made me to do. Sacerdotes habeat, sed exors sancto fiat mini Cranmer. To this answer, said he; you sterio, nec ejus judicio quisquam posthac
report me ill, and say not the truth, and will curam habeat, quin jam damnatus sancta prove here before you all. The truth Apostolica Ecclesia sua inobedientia præ that my predecessor, bishop Warrham, gave sumptione quoquam esse non dubitetur. the supremacy king Henry 8th, and said Quin majoris excommunicationis dejectione est
that ought have before the bishop abjiciendus, cui sanctae Ecclesiae commissa Rome, and that God's word would bear him. fuerit disciplina, qui non solum jussionibus And upon the same was there sent both the prolatae sanctæ Ecclesiae parere debuit, sed Universities Oxford and Cambridge, know etiam aliis preterirent insinuare. Sitgue
what the word God would touching the alients divinis pontificalibus officiis qui supremacy, and was reasoned upon, and noluerit praeceptis Apostolicis obtemperate. '
have taken oath adversary realm; for the pope's laws are contrary laws of the realm.
Glocester. You were the cause that
did wherein declareth himself convicted
ipso forsake the pope, and did swear that ought facto.
for which lastly, that
receive the stroke and immediately the ex ecutioner performed his office. Northumber land's exhortations variously affected the minds
hear him had pro the account
fessed for above 30 years; and
which chiefly had advised king Edward
exclude his sisters. Most have written, that
late king. But nothing this was mentioned his trial; because his judges undertook not the examination into king Edward's death, but
(b) Fox, who lived these times, confirms
and clears this matter: who writes, that the
duke had promise made him pardon; yea, though his head were upon the block,
Can terbury, for Treason and Heresy: MARy, PHIL. MARY,
50. Proceedings against Thomas CRAN MER, Archbishop
1554, 1556. Fox's Acts and Monum. 647. ]
KING Edward the sixth, prince most Mary was wholly wedded popish religion, worthy towardness, falling sick, when per bequeathed the succession this realm the ceived that his death was hand, and the lady Jane, lady great birth, but greater force his painful disease would not suffer learning, being niece king Henry 8th his him live longer, and knowing that his sister sister, consent the council and lawyers
his death, Having God, and
who pretended, that had not any hand
the rebellion, nor was engaged any party,
but having public post, had spent the
time his usûal diversion hunting, and
other sports (a). However, appeared that being cunning man, and fond life, did he was engaged Northumberland's side, and this hopes pardon; and that when therefore he was likewise condemned. After looked round him and saw was deceived, wards, the earl Warwick, Northumberland's repented (b). He was charged, upon eldest son, when the plea his youth would trivial conjectures, with having poisoned the not be admitted excuse great crime,
received his sentence death with wonder
ful constancy; and only prayed her majesty,
that out his estate confiscated, his debts
might discharged. These were presently Mary. Gates too and Palmer underwent the
the people, who were amazed speak against that religion, which
to of
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760] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARY, 1553. −for Treason and Heresy. [770
this realm *. To this Testament of the king's, folk executed, likewise she caused the
when the nobles the realm, states and lady Jane, being both age tender, and inno judges had subscribed; they sent for the Arch cent from this crime, after she could
bishop, and required him that also would means turned from the constancy her subscribe. But excusing himself on this faith, together with her husband, behead manner, said, that was otherwise the Tes ed. —The rest the nobles paying fines were
tament king Henry his father, and that
could not
forgiven, the archbishop Canterbury only excepted. Who though desired pardon means his friends, could obtain none; inso much that the queen would not once vouch
Mary, then was bound,
had sworn the succession
the next heir, which oath
that without manifest perjury
from The Council answered, that they safe see him. For yet the old grudge were not ignorant that, and that they had against the archbishop for the divorcement
conscience well he, and moreover that her mother, remained hid the bottom they were sworn that Testament, and there her heart. Besides this divorce, she remem
fore should not think there was any danger
therein, that should more peril
perjury than the rest. To this the Archbishop
answered, that was judge man's con science but his own and therefore as he
would not prejudicial others, would
not commit his conscience unto other men's say dirge mass after the old custom, for the
facts, cast himself into danger, seeing that funeral king Edward her brother. Neither every man should give account his own wanted there some which reported that had conscience, and not other men's. And already said mass Canterbury which mass concerning subscription, before had spoken indeed was said Dr. Thornton. This ru with the king himself,
do it.
utterly refused
mour Cranmer thinking speedily stay, gave forth writing his purgation.
The king therefore
This Bill being thus written, and lying open window his chamber, come
chance master Story, bishop then Roches
being
Archbishop concerning this matter, said, that
demanded the
the nobles and lawyers the realm counselled
him unto and persuaded him that the bond ter, who after had read and perused the
bered the state religion changed; was imputed - the archbishop thereof.
which the cause
While these things were doing,
was mens mouths, that the archbishop, curry favour with the queen, had promised
rumour
of the first testament could nothing let, but that this lady Jane might succeed him heir, and the people without danger acknowledge
same, required the archbishop have copy the bill. The abp. when bad grant
and permitted the same master Story, her their queen. Who then demanding the occasion thereof master Story lending
leave the king, that certain lawyers that were they agreed that
might first talk with some friend his, there were divers copies the court; when taken out thereof, and the thing published law the realm abroad among the common people; insomuch
might so, returning -the king, with much that every scrivener's shop almost, was occupi
ado he subscribed.
Well, not long after this, king Edward died,
writing and copying out the same and
length some bishop's hands, and
whose decease inmediately was command matter was known, and ed that the lady Jane, which was unwilling appear.
being almost years old, the great sorrow,
but greater calamity the whole realm. After and they sending
these copies coming the brought the council,
thereunto, should proclaimed queen. Which thing much misliked the common people not that they did much favour Mary, before
whom they saw the lady Jane preferred, for
the hatred conceived against some, whom they could not favour.
Whereupon Dr. Cranmer his day prefix ed, appeared before the said commissioners, bringing true inventory, was command ed, his goods. That done, bishop
the queen's privy council, (Dr. Heath, bishop
after York) being one the said commis Besides this, other causes there happened sioners, after the inventory was received,
also of discord between the nobles and the commons the same time: for what injuries
bringing mention the bill; My lord, said he, there bill put forth your name, wherein you seem aggrieved with setting up the mass again; we doubt not but you are sorry that gone abroad. —To whom the archbishop answered again, saying, As
not deny myself the very author that bill letter, must confess here unto you, concerning the same bill, that am sorry that the said bill went from me such sort
wrongfully holden, with other inordinate pollings and uncharitable
dealing between the landlords and tenants, cannot tell. But fine, thus the matter fell
out, that Mary hearing the death her bro ther, and shifting for herself, was assisted
the commons, that estsoons she prevailed. Who, being established the possession
commons and inclosures
did. For when had written Dr. Story got after she had caused first the two fathers, the the copy me, and now come abroad, and
the realm, not long after came London, and duke of Northumberland and the duke of Suf
understand, the city
which am sorry, that for intended otherwise
full For passed my hands
have made
Vol.
See
754,
-
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771] STATE TRIALS, J Mary, 1533. -Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [772
more large and ample manner, and minded to have set it on Paul's church door, and on the doors of all the churches in London, with nine own seal joined thereto.
ton and other the university, whereby they
were judged heretics, and committed the mayor and sheriffs Oxford. But for asmuch the sentence given against them was
At which words, when they saw the constant void law (for that time the authority ness of the man, they dismissed him, affirming the pope was not yet received into the land) that they had no more at that present to say therefore was new commission sent from
unto him, but that shortly he should hear fur Rome, and new process framed for the con ther. The said bishop declared afterward to viction these reverend and godly learned one of Dr. Cranmer's friends, that notwith men aforesaid. which commission, first standing his attainder of treason, the queen's was Dr. James Brooks bishop Giocester the determination at that time was, that Cranmer pope's subdelegate, with Dr. Martin, and Dr. should only have been deprived of his archbi Story, commissioners the king and queen's shopric, and have had a sufficient living as behalf, for the execution the same. Of the signed him, upon his exhibiting of a true inven which three commissioners above named, tory, with commandment to keep his house touching Dr. Martin, this the way
without meddling in matters of religion. But understood, that although was used for how true that was, I have not to say. This is instrument the Pope's side, serve turn certain, that not long after this, he was sent (whose book also extant against the law unto the Tower, and soon after condemned of marriage priests) yet notwithstanding Treason. Notwithstanding the queen, when neither was bitter enemy this perse she could not honestly deny him his pardon, cution, other commissioners were; and also seeing the rest were discharged, and speci this time queen Elizabeth, where divers ally, seeing last, other, subscribed other doctors of the Arches refused to be king Edward's request, and that against his sworn against the pope, denied not the
own will, released him his action Treason,
and accused him only Heresy; which liked the archbishop right well, and came pass
wished, because the cause was not his own, but Christ's; not the queen's, but the church's. Thus stood the cause Cranmer, till length
was determined the queen and the coun
cil, that should removed from the Tower
where was prisoner, Oxford, there dis
pute with the doctors and divines. And pri
vily word was sent before them Ox
ford prepare themselves, and make them
ready dispute. And although the queen the East end the said church the high
and the bishops had concluded before what altar, was erected solemn scaffold for bishop should become him, yet pleased them Brooks aforesaid, representing the pope's per
that the matter should debated with argu
disputa
son, ten foot high. The seat was made that might under the sacrament the altar. And the right hand the pope's delegate
ments, that under some honest shew
tion the murder the man might
Neither could their hasty speed
all haste he was carried Oxford. missioners, which were both doctors the Without reciting the particulars this dis civil law, and underneath them other doctors, putation his condemnation the university scribes, and pharisees also, with the pope's
and the prolocutor, we now proceed his final collector, and rabblement such other like. judgment and order condemnation, which And thus these bishops being placed their was the 12th day September, 1555, and pontificalibus, the bishop Canterbury was
seven days before the condemnation bishop sent for come before them. He having in Ridley and master Latimer. The story where telligence them that were there, thus or here followeth, faithfully corrected the dered himself. He came forth the prison Report and Narration (coming chance the church saint Mary, set forth with bills our hands) one who being both present and gleves for fear should start away, being (hereat, and also devout favourer the see clothed fair black gown, with his hood on
and faction Rome, can lack no credit both shoulders, such doctors divinity
trowe) with such, which seek what they can the university use wear. Who, after was discredit whatsoever maketh not with their come into the church, and did them sit
phantasied religion Rome. their pontificalibus, did not put off his cap
After the disputations done and finished any them, but stood still till that was Oxford between the doctors both universi called. And anon one the proctors for the
ties, and the three worthy bishops, Dr. Cran pope, mer, Ridley, and Latimer, heard then how bishop sentence condemnatory immediately upon the answer
saune was ministered against them Dr. Wes that
else his doctor, called Thomas arch Canterbury, appear here and make that shall laid thy charge;
say, for Blasphemy, Incontinency,
oath and yet notwithstanding not altogether here excused. But the purpose this story. Whereof first shall requisite de clare the circumstance, and the whole state the matter, general description, before we come their orations, according
parcel certain letter touching the same, came to our hands.
Imprimis, here understood, that
the coining down the foresaid commission ers, which was upon Thursday, the 12th
Sept. 1555, the Church Saint Mary, and
covered.
revenge beneath him sat Dr. Martin, and on the left
ment abide any long delay; and therefore hand sat Dr. Story the king and queen's con
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773] STATE TRIALS, I MAry, i553–sor Treason and Heresy.
-
and Heresy; and make Answer here to the Sin minus, Remember from whence thou bishop of Glocester, representing the pope's art fallen, and do the first works, not, and
first well viewed the place of judgment, and church Christ, from the very true and re spying where the king and queen's majesty's ceived faith christendom, and that proctors were, putting off his cap, he first hum open heresy. You have fallen from your pro bly bowing his knee to the ground, made reve mise God, from your fidelity and allegiance, rence to the one, and after to the other. Tha and that open preaching, marriage, and done, beholding the bishop in the face, he put adultery. You have fallen from your sovereign on his bonnet again, making no manner of princeand queen open treason. Remember token of obedience towards him at all. Where therefore from whence you are fallen. Your at the bishop being offended, said unto him, fall great, the danger cannot seen. Where That it might beseem him right well, weighing fore when say, remember from whence you the authority he did represent, to do duty are fallen, put you mind not only your unto him. Whereunto Dr. Cranmer answered fall, but also the state you were before and said, That had once taken solemn your fall. You were sometime, and other oath, never consent the admitting the poor men, mean estate, God take wit bishop Rome's authority into this realm ness, speak reproach abasement England again and that had done ad you, but put you memory, how God hath
and therefore would commit nothing either one degree another, from better better, and sign token, which might argue his consent never gave you over, till had appointed you the receiving the same, and desired the Legatum natum, Metropolitanum Anglia, Pas said bishop judge him, and that did torem gregis sui. Such great trust did put
not for any contempt his person, which you in, his church, what could more?
person. ’
know what followeth. Remember Upon this he being brought more near unto yourself from whence you have fallen. You the scaffold, where the foresaid bishop sat, he have fallen from the universal and catholic
visedly, and meant God's grace keep it; called you from low high degree, from
present and saw could possible.
and marked
Glou church might spoiled and brought into ruin; Can yet may appear many your doings other
terbury, the Church Saint Mary Or wise, and for my part,
. . ford, March 12, 1556. one us, shall think the best.
excellent majesties not your utter discomfort, stick was set the highest place the but your comfort you will yourself. We church, and the light your candle was over come not judge you, but put you re all the church; would God had continued
membrance that you have been, and shall still. But after began fall schism, and be. Neither come we dispute with you but would not acknowledge the pope's holiness
Dr. Brooks, bishop cester, unto Dr. Cranmer, archbishop
The ORATION
behoveth each For who was who was more WHEN after many means used, they per religious the face the world Who was ceived that the archbishop would not move his thought have more conscience vow bonnet, the bishop proceeded these words making, and observing the order the church,
following: “My lord, this present we are more earnest the defence the real presence come you Commissioners, and for you, not Christ's body and blood the sacrament intruding ourselves our own authority, but the altar than were and then things sent Commission, partly from the pope's prospered with you your prince favoured you; holiness, partly from the king and queen's most yea God himself favoured you; your candle
oyou matters; being supreme head, stoutly uphold examine certain which but would the
done, make relation thereof him that hath unlawful requests king Henry the 8th, and
judge you. The first being well would bear with that should not be born with
make the second be well taken. began you fancy liberty, then unlawful
you your part moved come
conformity, then shall not only we our side
take joy our examination, but also they that
have sent us. And first, charity doth
move us, would think good somewhat ex Earl Ecclesiam non est salus, Without the hort you, and that the second chapter church there salvation. When had Saint John the Apoc. Memor esto unde forsaken God, God forsook you, and gave you excideris, age panitentiam, prima opera fac. over your own will and suffered you fall
power taken,
For
and when you had exiled good conscience, then ensued great shipwreck the sea, which was out the true and catholic church, cast into the sea desperation; for saith;
thought then more devout
774
for even as he ordained Moses be ruler well any the other, his commission over his Church Israel, and gave him full had come from good authority theirs. authority upon the same did make you
This answered both modestly, wisely, and over his Church England. And when did patiently, with his cap his head, not once this for you forsooth when you gave occa
could have been content have honoured
bowing making any reverence him that sion cause represented the pope's person, which was won his magistrates.
mistrust either him,
For although conjec
derously the people marked that was there tured, that
your time were not upright nigh the honour and faith Christ, but rather set purpose instrument, whereby the
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775] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARy, 1553. -Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [776
from schism to apostasy, from apostasy to he breaking your vow; and Vigilantius said, resy, and from heresy to perjury, from perjury insomuch that he would admit none his to treason, and so in conclusion, into the full ministery, but those that had their wives bag indignation of our sovereign prince, which you ged with children. What now Shall we say may think a just punishment of God, for your that Vigilantius did not fall therefore? Did not other abominable opinions. After that, ye Donatus and Novatus fall, because they said so, fell lower and lower, and now to the lowest and brought Scripture for their defence? Then degree of all, to the end of honour and life. believe we list, pretending well, and For if the light of your candle be as it hath say tray, there man blind that will
been hitherto dusky your candlestick is like say so. For except the church which condemn to be removed, and have a great fall, so low, eth them for their say so, approve for
and so far out of knowledge, that it shall be so, then will she condenm you also. So that quite out of God's favour, and past hope your denial will not stand. And therefore tell recovery Quia inferno nulla est redemptio, you, remember from whence are fallen, and For hell there redemption. The dan how long shall fall, you hold you
ger whereof being great, very pity causeth begin. But trust you will not continue, but
Ine say, Memor esto unde ereideris, Re revoke yourself time, and the remedy fol member from whence thou hast fallen. add loweth. -‘Age panitentiam, prima opera fac,'
also, and whither you fall. But here perad for such means have fallen must venture you will say sue. What sir, my fall rise again. First, your heart hath fallen, then
not great you make have not yet your tongue and your pen, and besides your fallen from the catholic church. For that own damage hath caused many more fall.
not the catholic church that the pope head Therefore, first your heart must turn, and thea of. There another church. But touching shall the tongue and the pen quickly turned; that answer; you are sure that the Sin minus, veniam tubi cuto, invve can't le. Donatists were, for they said that they had the brum tuum de loco suo. —I need not teach true church, and that the name true Chris you method turn; you know the ready tians remained only Africk, where only their way yourself. But would God could but seditious sect was preached and you think, exhort you the right and truth, then the way
thought Novatus, that they that did ac should soon found out. For remember knowledge their supreme head the see how many have brought abominable he Rome, were out the church Christ. But resy into the way perdition, doubt not but here Saint Cyprian defending Cornclius against very conscience weuld move you, much for Novatus, libro secundo, epistola seata, saith them for yourself, come again. And this wise Ecclesia una est, que cum una, would you spare neither tongue nor pen, heart intus foris esse non potest. that Novatus were once reformed; for touching that point, were the true church, then was not Corne the Holy Ghost toucheth their hearts very near
the mouth holy prophet Ezekiel, when requireth the blood flock the priest's
|.
the whole
lius, who indeed lawful succession succeeded
Fabian. Here Saint Cyprian intendeth
process prove,
thereupon, that the true church was only Rome.
hands, good
for lack and wholesoine food.
and concludeth
How much more should this touch your guity Gather you then what will follow your fall. heart, having overmuch diligence teach them But you will say peradventure, that you fell the way perdition, and feeding them with
not heresy, and said the Arrians, alledg baggage and corrupt food, which heresy. Qui
ing for themselves that they had Scripture, convertere fecerit peccatorem errore vita: and going about persuade their schism sue, salvam,faciet animam suam shorte, ope Scripture; for indeed they had more places rict multitudinem peccatorum suorum, He two and forty, which their torture seemed that shall convert sinner from his wicked life,
depend upon Scripture, than the Catholics shall save his soul from death, and shall cover
the multitude sins. So that be true that who converteth sinner, saveth soul;
true succession the apostles: for troubled and disquiet conscience. He did
the apostics required me hold, hold not only repent, but recant, and not unuch
it. The apos'es have received me, and put for himself, for then whom had with unost
had. did the Martians provoke their heresy Scripture. But those are Scriptures;
for they are not truly alled-ed, nor truly
terpreted, but untruly wrested and wrong, ac that perverteth soul, and teacheth ilim the cording their own fantasies. And therefore way perdition, must needs damned. — were they justly condemned, for their wrong Origines super Paulum Romanos; The damn taking the Scriptures, and the church repli ation those that preach heresy doth increase eth against them, saying Qui estis vos quan the day judgment. The more that perish do? quid agit inco, non mei The church heretical doctrine, the more grievous shall saith, what make you here my heritage? their torment be, that minister such doctrine. from whence came you the Scripture nine Berengarius who seemed fear that danger, inheritance; am right heir thereof. hold provided for life time, but not without
one my right, and have rejected wou bastoris, having title thereunto. —Also
pestilent here sies infected. For jay
his death bed upon Epiphany day, demand them that were present, this, quoti, he,
will dens that have allen
apostasy,
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777]
STATE TRIALs, 1 May, 1553–so, Treason and Hercy. [778
the day of Epiphany, and appearing of the was received into the church Christ with
Lord? They answered him, Yea. Then, quoth wonderful joy the whole congregation, even
he, this day shall the Lord appear to me, either shall you be. The fame your return shall
to my comfort, either to my discomfort. This spread abroad throughout Christendom,
remorse argueth, that he feared the danger of where your face was never known. —But you
them whom he had taught, and led out of the will say perhaps, your conscience will not suf. faith of Christ. Origines upon him saith in this fer you. My lord, there good conscience,
wise; although his own blood was not upon his and there bad conscience. The good con head, for that he did repeat, and was sorry for science have not they, St. Paul declareth
his former errors, yet being converted, he feared Timothy concerning Hymeneus and Alexander. the blood of them whom he had infected, and The evil and bad conscience saith St. Cy who received his doctrine. —Let this move you prian, well known his mark. What
even at the last point. Insomuch as your case is not unlike to Berengarius, let your repent
ance be like also. And what should stay you,
tell me, from this godly return ? fear, that ye
have gone so far, ye may not return; nay, then
I may say as David said, Illic tropidaverunt
ubi non crat tumor. Ye fear where ye have no
cause to fear. For if ye repetit and be heartily and universal church of Christ what consci
sorry for your former heresy and apostasy, ye ence doth separate you that devilish and se need not to fear.
For as God of his part is veral church liberty which never had merciful and gracious to the repentant sinner, ground the holy scriptures? you judge so is the king, so is the queen merciful, which your liberty good, then judge you all
ye may well perceive, by your own case, since Christendom evil besides you. -O what ye inight have suffered a great whiles ago for presumptuous persuasion this, upon this treason committed against her highness, but utterly forsake the church Christ under that ye have been spared and reserved upon what colour pretence you this for the hope of amendment, which she conceived very abuses? though your church were abu good of you, but now (as it seemeth) is but a ses: yes that there were. And you forsake very desperate hope. And what do you there the universal church for the abuses, why you by Secundum duritiem cords thesaurizas tibi not then forsake your particular church, and
mark this conscience marked with the print here. -y. This conscience naughty, filthy, and branded conscience, which trust not
you. than so,
bave conceived better hope you else would never about per
exhort you. But what conscience
suade
should stay you return the catholic faith
iram in die irac, i. According to the hardness flitting from one another that not of your heart ye treasure up to yourself anger the next way, slip from the church the in the day of wrath. -West, what is it then, if abuses; for you had seen abuses, you should fear do not hinder you? shame, to unsay that rather have endeavoured for reformation
that you have said: Nay, it is no shame, unless then for defection. He good chirurgion, ye think it shame to agree with the true and who for little pain the toe will cut off the the catholic church of Christ. And if that be whole leg. He helpeth well the tooth-ach,
shame then blame St. Paul who persecuted the which cutteth away the head the shoulders. disciples of Christ with the sword, then blame mere folly amend abuses abuses. Peter, who denied his master Christ with oath, Ye are like Diogenes; for Diogenes time that never knew him. St. Cyprian before envying the cleanliness Plato, said this his return being witch; St. Austen being nine wise, Ecce calco fastum Platonis. Plato an years out the church: They thought swered, Sed allo fastu. that Diogenes shame after their return that they had re seemed more faulty the two. —But when we
turned. Shall then shame for you con have said that can, peradventure you vert and consent with the church Christ? will say, will not return. And that say,
No, no. —What then that doth you will not answer. Nevertheless, hear what glory the world? nay, the vanity the Christ saith such obstinate and stiffnecked world, for my part judge not you, being people the parable the supper. When man learning, and knowing your estate. — had sent out his men call them that were
Aud for the loss your estimation,
one that where you were archbishop
terbury, and metropolitan
ten appointed, and they would not come, bad
Can his servants into the ways and streets, ten compet men come Cogite intrare.
England,
well still, yea then the church will not lose any member that
one, say, that shall
i. winning may compelled in,
and rather better. —And
ood men, there doubt but that
for the come must think
present, and the whole congregation
Christ's church also will more rejoice your pared for you and this compulsion standeth return, than they were sorry for your fall. And well with charity. —But may perhaps, that
for the other, need not doubt, for they some hath animated you stick your tackle, shall come after and say the truth, you and not give over, bearing you hand that should lose them for ever were force, your opinion good, and that shall die should have loss thereby all. not good quarrel, and God shall accept your ob here touch them which should confirm your es lation. But hear what Christ saith meaner timation. Fur St. Paul after his conversion gift; thou come the altar offer thy
good take the compulsion, lest you lose your
part supper pre the which the Lord hath
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770, STATE TRIALs, 1 Mary, 1553–Proceeding against Archbishop crammer, too
oblation, and knowest that thy brother hath tuality, yet for the suppression heresies and somewhat to say against thee, leave there thy schisms, kings were admitted aiders there gift, and go and be reconciled to thy brother, unto. First, Constantius the Great called and then come and offer up thy gift, or else thy council Nice for the suppression the brother will make thy offering unsavoury be Arians sect, where the same time was raised
fore God. This he said unto the world, great contention armong them. And after long the end they should know how their offerings disputation had, when the fathers could not
should received, they were not according.
agree upon the putting down they referred their judgment God forbid, quoth Constantine
the Arians Constantine.
—Remember you therefore before you offer
your offering, whether your gift qualified
no. Remember the Church Rome, and also rule me, and not you. And Constantine
England, where not one only brother, but did, did Theodosius against the Nestorians, number have matter against you, just that did Marcianus against Manicheus. Jovinian
they will make your burnt offering stink made law, that man should marry with before God, except you reconciled. you nun, that had wedded herself the church. —
must needs appoint upon sacrifice, make yet mean first them that have lay against
had king Henry the 8th the title defender the faith, because wrote against Luther and his complices. these 900 years the kings Spain had that title catholic, for the expulsion the Arians; and say the truth, the king and queen's majesties nothing de generate from their ancestors, taking upon them restore again the title defender the faith, the right heir thereof, the pope's holi
wou. say more than the church hath
lowed me say. For the sacrifice that
offered without the church not profitable.
The premises therefore considered, for God's
sake, say, Memor esto unde eccideris, age
manitentiam, prima opera fac. Stu minus, &c.
Cast not yourself away, spare your body, spare
your soul, spare them also whom have se ness. -Therefore these two princes, perceiving duced, sparé the shedding Christ's blood
you ought
for you vain. Harden not your heart, ac knowledge the truth, yield the prescript word God, the Catholic Church Rome,
the received verity Christendom. Wed
this noble realm, how hath been brought from the unity the true and Catholic Church, the which you and your confederates do, and have renounced perceiving also that you persist your detestable errors, and will
not yourself your own sell-will. Stand not no means revoked from the same, have made too much your own conceit, think not your their humble request and petition the pope's self wiser than Christendom besides you. holiness, Paulus 4th, supreme head the Leave this unjust cavil. How leave what church Christ, declaring him, that where leave reason, leave wonder, and believe the you were archbishop Canterbury, and me
Catholic Church doth believe and teach you. Persuade with yourself, that Ertra Ecclesian
mon salus, Without the church there salvation. And thus much have said cha
rity. this poor simple exhortation mine may sink into your head, and take effect with
you, then have said otherwise not would, but present. ”
tropolitan England, and your consecration took two solemn oaths, for your due obedience
be given the see Rome, become true preacher pastor his flock, yet con trary your oath and allegiance, for unity have sowed discord; for chastity, marriage and
would have said, adultery; for obedience, contention; and for
could for this faith, have been the author mischief. The pope's holiness considering their request
And thus bishop Brooks finishing his Oration, and petition, hath granted them, that accord sat down. After whom, Dr. Martin, taking ing the censure this realm process should the matter hand, beginneth thus: made against you. And whereas this
having the keys, the other the sword, yet
ages we read that for the honour and glory God
both these powers have been adjoined together.
For we read the old Testament, we shall find ness, the examination such articles that did Josias and Ezekias. So did the shall proposed against you, and that we
king the Nimivites compel general fast should require the examination you, the through the whole city. did Darius king and queen's majesty's behalf. The king breaking the great idol, Bell, and delivered and queen touching themselves, because godly Daniel out the den lions. did the law they cannot appear personally, Nebuchadnezzar make and institute laws against Quia sunt illustris. persona, have appointed the blasphemers God. But pass these their attornies, Dr. Story and me. Where examples, with great number more, and
come Christ's time, not unknown what
fore here offer your good lordship our proxy, sealed with the broad seal England, and offer myself proctor the king's
great travel they took set forth God's ho mour: and although the rule and government
majesty's behalf. exhibit here also certain articles, containing the manifest adultery and
the church did only appertain the spiri
late time, you both excluded charity and jus
The ORATION Dr. Martin.
Albert there be two governments, the shall have both charity and justice shewed unto
tice, yet hath his holiness decreed, that you one spiritual, and the other temporal, the one you. He willeth you should have the laws
most ample manner answer your behalf, and that you shall here come before my lord Gloucester, high commissioner from his holi
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781]
STATE TRIALs, 1 Mary, 1553–for Treason and Heresy. 782
perjury: also books of heresy, made partly nire, and the law the realm expelled, by him, partly set forth by authority. and the king standeth accursed maintaining And here produce him party principal, his own laws. Therefore consideration that answer your good lordship. the king and queen take their power him,
Thus when Dr. Martin had ended his Ora though God should give them there no tion, the Archbishop beginneth, here fol true subject, unless abrogate, seeing the
loweth -
Cranmer. Shall then make my Answer Martin. you think good, man shall
let you. -
And here the archbishop kneeling down
crown holden him being out the realm. —The bishop Rome contrary God, and
injurious his laws; for God commanded
men diligent the knowledge his
law; and therefore hath appointed one holy both knees towards the west, said first the day the week the least, for the people
Lord's Prayer. Then rising the Articles the Creed.
entereth with his protestation loweth
reciteth come the church and hear the word God
The FAITH and PRofession mer, Archbishop Commissioners.
Which done, form
expounded unto them, and that they might the fol better understand hear their mother tongue which they know. The pope doth con
Doctor Cran trary; for willeth the service had Canterbury, before the the Latin tongue, which they not understand.
God would have perceived the pope will not. When the priest giveth thanks, God
would that the people should too, and God will them confess altogether; the pope will not. —Now concerning the Sacra ment, have taught false doctrine the sacrament the altar: for can proved
any doctor above thousaud years after Martin. Mark master Cranmer how you Christ, that Christ's body there really, will answer for yourself. You refuse and deny him, give over. My book was made seven years
whose laws yet remain life, being ago, and man hath brought any authors otherwise attainted high treason, and but against believe that whoso eateth and dead man the laws this realm. drinketh that sacrament, Christ within them,
Cran. protest before God was trai whole Christ, his nativity, passion, resurrection tor, but indeed confessed more my arraign and ascension; but not that corporally that
profess touching my faith, and make my Protestation, which
desire you note. will never consent that the bishop Rome shall have any jurisdiction within this realm.
CRANMER. This
Story. Take note thereof.
ment than was true.
Martin. That not be reasoned this
present. Ye know were condemned traitor, and Res judicata pro veritate accipitur.
But proceed your matter.
Cran. will never consent the bishop
Rome, for then should give myself the devil; for have made oath the king, and
must obey the king God's laws. By the Scripture the king chief, and foreign per son his own realin above him. There no subject but king. am subject, owe
sitteth heaven. Now Christ commanded all
drink the cup the pope taketh away from the lay men, also yet one saith, that
Christ had died for the devil, that drink thereof. Christ biddeth
king, etiam discolo. The bishop
deth obey him therefore unless be Antichrist, cannot tell what make him. Wherefore should obey him, cannot obey Christ. He like the devil his doings; for the devil said Christ, thou wilt fall down and worship me, will give thee the king doins the world. Thus took upon him give that which was not his own. Even the bishop Rome giveth princes their crowns,
being none his own; for where princes either election, either succession, either in
heritance obtain their crown, saith that they should have from him. —Christ saith, that Antichrist shall be. And who shall he be? Forsooth he that advanceth himself above all other creatures. Now there he none alrea
my fidelity the crown. The pope the crown. cannot obey both
can serve two masters once,
beginning your oration declared and the keys, attributing the keys
and the sword the king. But hath both. Therefore that Rome, and the laws Rome,
contrary for man you the
the sword
the pope, say the king
subject perjured
for the pope's and the judge's laws are contrary,
they are uncertain and confounded. priest
indebted the laws the realm, shall sued
before temporal judge; the pope's laws besides the pope, then -in the mean time let contrary. The pope doth the king injury, him be Antichrist.
that hath his power from the pope. The Story. Pleaseth you make end king head his own realm but the pope Cran. For will the vicar Christ,
claimeth bishops, priests, curates, &c.
the pope every realm hath realm. —Again,
by the laws Rome the benefice must given the bishop the laws the realm,
will dispense with the Old and New Testa ment also, yea and with apostasy. —Now have
declared why cannot with my conscience obey
the pope. speak not this for hatred bear the patron giveth the benefice. Herein the him that now supplieth the room, for know
laws contrary fire and water. No man him not. pray God give him grace not ean the laws Rome proceed Praemu follow ancestors. Neither say this my
that hath advanced himself after such sort
should obey the Rome bid
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785) STATE TRIALS, 1 MARY, 1553–Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [7s,
defence, but to declare my conscience for the argued length. So the last both the zeal that I bear to God's word trodden under Universities agreed, and set their seals, and
foot by the bishop of Rome. I cast fear apart, sent king Henry 8th the court, that for Christ said to his Apostles, that in the lat ought supreme head, and not the pope.
ter days they should suffer much sorrow, and be put to death name's sake: fear them not, saith he, but fear him which when hath killed the body, hath power cast the soul into fire everlasting. Also Christ saith, that he that will live shall die, and that loseth his life for my name's sake, shall find again. Moreover said, confess me before men, and
uot afraid; for you so, will stand with you you shoink from me, will shrink from you. This comfortable and terrible say ing, this maketh me set fear apart.
say therefore the bishop Rome treadeth un der foot God's laws and the king's. --The pope would give bishoprics; would the king. But
the last the king got the upper hand, and
are bishops perjured first the pope, and
then the king. —The crown hath nothing
Whereupon you were then doctor divinity that time, and your consent was there unto,
your hand doth appear. Therefore you misreport me, that was the cause your falling away from the pope, but was your self. All this was bishop Warrham's time, and whilst was alive, that was three quarters year after ere ever had the bi shoprick Canterbury my hands, and be fore might any thing. that here have reported me that which cannot prove, which evil done. —All this while his cap was his head.
Glocest. We come examine you, and you, methink, examine us.
Dr. Story's oratios.
Pleaseth your good lordship, be hath pleased the king and queen’s
judge, the judge shall make process against majesties
him, but not execute any laws. For the hear the examination this man before your
judge should put him execution, then the good lordship, give me leave somewhat king accursed maintaining his own laws. talk that behalf. Although know that
do with the clergy. For clerk come before cause
appoint my companion and me
Srony.
And therefore say that neither true God, neither the king, that first received the pope. But shall heartily pray for such coun sellors, may inform her the truth; for the
talk with heretics there cometh hurt men; for wearieth the stedfast, troubleth the doubt ful, and taketh snare the weak and simple: yet because saith, not bound an swer your lordship sitting for the pope's holi ness, because Premunire, and the word
king and queen, do well.
Martin.
maintain the supremacy Rome, they cannot
maintain England too.
Cran. require you declare the king
they well informed, will
you understand, then they God termeth it; think good somewhat
and queen what have said, and how their
oaths stand with the realm and the pope. will glad hear your most charitable
Gregory saith, that taketh upon him
be head the universal church, worse than the Antichrist. any man can shew me, that not against God's word hold his stirrup when taketh his horse, and kiss his
dealing with him; will they weary
hear the blundering this stubborn heretic. And where alledgeth divinity, mingling fas
néfasque together, should not have been heard. For shall be sufficient for him alledge, the judge not competent Do we not see that the common law not lawful
feet (as kings do) then will kiss his feet also.
—And you for your part, my lord, are perjured;
for now judge the pope, and yet you for man Westminster ball refuse his
did receive your bishoprick the king. You judge: And shall we dispute contra eun gui
the negal principia Although there here the great company learned men, that know
unmeet do, yet have here plain canon,
Henry 8th, that ought and this you contraire decretis, nec locum deinceps inter made me to do. Sacerdotes habeat, sed exors sancto fiat mini Cranmer. To this answer, said he; you sterio, nec ejus judicio quisquam posthac
report me ill, and say not the truth, and will curam habeat, quin jam damnatus sancta prove here before you all. The truth Apostolica Ecclesia sua inobedientia præ that my predecessor, bishop Warrham, gave sumptione quoquam esse non dubitetur. the supremacy king Henry 8th, and said Quin majoris excommunicationis dejectione est
that ought have before the bishop abjiciendus, cui sanctae Ecclesiae commissa Rome, and that God's word would bear him. fuerit disciplina, qui non solum jussionibus And upon the same was there sent both the prolatae sanctæ Ecclesiae parere debuit, sed Universities Oxford and Cambridge, know etiam aliis preterirent insinuare. Sitgue
what the word God would touching the alients divinis pontificalibus officiis qui supremacy, and was reasoned upon, and noluerit praeceptis Apostolicis obtemperate. '
have taken oath adversary realm; for the pope's laws are contrary laws of the realm.
Glocester. You were the cause that
did wherein declareth himself convicted
ipso forsake the pope, and did swear that ought facto.
