No More Learning

7. $ 35;
comp. Herod. vii. 231. ) [EE. )
(Kanižeros) of Rhodes :
olemy Philadelphus, was the
s, which are lost. The coe
of περί 'Αλεξανδρείας, consisted
, and was much used by Aile
h 196, &c. , ix. p. 387, xi. pp.
vears.
rpocrat. s. r. duonk7. ) The
5 to have been a catalogue of
ε (ζωγράφων τε και ανδριντα-
which Sopater, in the twelfth
had made an abridgement
161; comp. Preller, Poies.
[L. S. ]
), an orphan who lived a: Epi-
rears after the death of Aero
I was commonly considered to
dingly married, and lised with
After that time, she
- ill, and had to undergo an
of which was that she became
of the beings commonls calied
case as described by Diodorus
2) must be of interest to medi-
(L. S. )
ww). 1. An artist of the island
of Angelio and Teciaeus, who
pils of Dipoenus and Serilis
As the latter two flourished
f Callon must be fixed at & C.
med by the statement of Par-
that Callon was a contempo
who we know flourished from
CANACHUS. ] There are two
ias which seem to contradict
- K. O. Müller (Aegiset. p. 100)
wh. Anm. p. 40) bare clearly
them is interpolated, and that
Calocyrus Sextus. By Jos. Sim. Assemani, in his to such a degree, that he ventured to abolish the
extremely rare but very valuable work, Bibliotheca punishment of death, and deserved to be called the
Juris Orientalis Canonici et Civilis, 5 vols. 4to. Byzantine Marcus Aurelius. His relations with
Rome, 1762—6 (ii. c. 20, p. 403), Calocyrus is his brother Isiac were a model of brotherly affec-
supposed to have been posterior to Cyrillus (whom tion, and though their friendship was on one occa-
he cites, Basil. vol. v. p. 44), and to have lived sion disturbed by the slander of some courtiers, it
after the time of Alexius Comnenus. The passages was but for a short time. The reign of Calo-
in Fabrot's edition of the Basilica, where Calocyrus Joannes is a series of wars, and each war was a
is mentioned, are given as follows in Fabricius, triumph for the Greek arms. But while Nicetas
Bibl. Graec. vol. xii. p. 440: “ Calocyrus JCtus, and Cinnamus, the chief sources, dwell with pro-
ii. 543; Calocyrus Sextus, iv. 403, v. 26, 39, 77, lixity on the description of so many glorious deeds,
180, 269, 292, 324, 325, 410, 423, 459, 587; they have neglected to give us a satisfactory expo-
Proconsul (Fabroto interpreti Dux), v. 37, 44, 78, sition of the emperor's administration, and their
82, 121, 144, 179, 237, 238, 253, 263, 341, 414, chronology is very confused. This circumstance
430, 432, 436, 487, 537; Cyrillo Junior. v. 44. " has probably induced Gibbon to relate the reign of
Reiz (Excurs. xx. ad Theophilum, p. 1234) se- Calo-Joannes without any chronology except the
lects the following passages under the head “Me dates of his accession and his death. Le Beau,
morabilia ex Scholiis Basilicorum, quae faciunt ad in his Histoire du Bas Empire (vol. xix. 1. 86),
indagandam aetatem JCtorum, maxime eorum qui gives a careful chronology which he has established
sub Imperatore Justiniano Magno floruerunt. ” by comparing the Latin historians, especially Gui-
Calocyrus ad Basilica Comment. iv. 403, v. 39, lielmus Tyrensis and Otho Frisingensis; and Du
V. 292.
Nic. Comnenus Papadopoli (Praenot
. Cange (Familiae Byzantinae, pp. 178, 179) gives
Myslag. p. 345) cites an interpretation (Synopsis an account of the different statements respecting
Septima) by Calocyrus, of the Novells of Leo, and the year in which Calo-Joannes died. We follow
(p. 371 of the same work) cites the notes of Sixtus Le Beau and Du Cange.
or Sextus, JCtus and Nomophylax, on the Novells. The wars of Calo-Joannes with the different
In both these passages, Papadopoli (or, as he is princes of the Turks lasted during his whole reign
usually styled, Nic. Comnenus) probably refers to with scarcely any interruption. In the first cam-
the same person ; but his gross infidelity (which is paign, in 1119, he took Laodiceia, and spared the
exposed by Heimbach, Anecdota, i. pp. 219-222) lives of the garrison, and in 1120 he took Sozopolis.
renders his testimony, when unsupported, nearly An invasion of the Petchenegues or Patzinacitae,
worthless.
who had crossed the Danube, called him to Thrace,
(Suarez, Notitia Basilicorum, ed. Pohl. $ 42, p. and in 1122 he obtained a complete victory over
136, nn. (°) et (x); Stockmann ad Bachii Hist. them in Macedonia, giving the example at once of
Jurisp. Rom. p. 675, citing Van Vryhoff, Observ. a general and a soldier. This war was finished to
Jur. Civ. c. 26, p. 134, Amst. 1747, 8vo. ; Heimbach, the advantage of the Greeks : the Petchenegues
de Basilicorum Origine, &c. p. 74, &c. ) [J. T. G. ) returned into their Scythian steppes, and great
CALO-JOANNES or JOANNES II. COM- numbers of them who bad been made prisoners re-
NENUS (Καλο-Ιωάννης ο Κομνηνός), one of the ceived lands from the emperor in the very districts
greatest and best emperors of the East, the eldest which their brethren had laid waste. In 1123 he
son and successor of Alexis I. Comnenus, was born took the field against the revolted Servians, who
in 1088. His real name was Joannes. His were supported by Stephen II. , king of Hungary,
diminutive stature, tawny complexion, and ugly who took Belgrade and Branizova. But in the
features, distinguished him, not to his advan following year, 1124, Calo-Joannes advanced with
tage, from among the other princes of the hand- a strong army, took Francochorium near Sirmium,
some Comnenian race; and it would seem that conquered the country between the Save and the
his name Calo-Joannes, or John the Handsome, Danube, and forced the king to desist from farther
was a nickname, were we not justified in believing attempts on the Greek empire. According to the
that that name was given him for the beauty of Greek historians, the advantages of this war were
his mind. His virtues were acknowledged by his rather on the side of king Stephen ; while, strange
father, who, when urged on his death-bed to leave enough, the Hungarian analists attribute both
the empire to Bryennius, his excellent son-in-law, victories and advantages to the Greeks. Thence
resisted the persuasion of his wife and his daughter Calo-Joannes turned once more against the Turks
Anna, and appointed Calo-Joannes his successor. of Iconium, and took Castamonia and Gangra,
The new emperor ascended the throne on the 15th which his garrisons were, however, obliged to sur-
of August, 1118. It is related under Anna Com- render to the Turks a short time afterwards. The
NENA and NICEPHORUS BRYENNIUS, that their emperor was more fortunate, in 1131, against the
conspiracy to depose Calo-Joannes and to make Armenians of Cilicia, or Armenia Minor, under
Bryennius emperor, proved abortive, and that the their prince Livo or Leo, who was vanquished in
property of both was confiscated. The emperor several engagements; and in 1137, all his domi-
was especially protected by his younger brother, nions were annexed to the Greek empire, and re-
Isaac Sebastocrator, and by his minister, Axuch, a ceived the name of the fourth Armenia. This con-
Turk who had been made prisoner during the reign quest brought him in contact with Raymond, prince
of Alexis I. , and who, joining great talents and of Antioch, who, according to the treaties made
knowledge with honesty and affable manners, ad between Alexis I. and prince Boemond I. of An-
vanced from one eminent post to another, till he tioch, was obliged to recognize the Greek emperor
became magnus domesticus, or prime minister, an as his liege lord, but refused doing so, till Calo-
office which he held during the whole reign of Joannes compelled him, partly by negotiations,
Calo-Joannes. The conspiracy of Anna and Bry- partly by threats. The emperor entered Antioch
ennius was the only event that troubled the reign in 1138, and prince Raymond and the count of
of Calo-Joannes, who won the hearts of his subjects Edessa held the bridles of his horse, as a token of
ed properls, does not place Cal-
ne of the Messenian wars, or as
Aegospotamos, as some inter-
. . (Comp. Sillig, Cut. Art. Sc. )
with two works of Callon : the
by a statue of Cora and a 10
uintilian (xji. 10) calls his works
canicis proxima"
lis, who sculptured a Hemmes at
27. $ 5) and a chorus of thirr
5, together with their leader and
ao had all perished on the pas
to Rhegium. The whole group
the Messenians at Olympia.
Callon must have ljred before
h, Epoch. Anm. p. 62. ) (W. 1. )
proconsul (atúratos) or dos
487), a Graeco-Roman juriste
P. 403 (Fabrot), he is called


## p. 582 (#602) ############################################

582
CALPURNIA.
CALPURNIUS.
their vassalship. During his stay in that town, | tical affairs, and to have borne quietly the favours
the emperor was exposed to great danger by a sud- which her husband bestowed upon Cleopatra, when
den uproar of the people, who fancied that the she came to Rome in B. C. 46. The reports that
town was about to be given over to the Greeks. had got abroad respecting the conspiracy against
The cmperor saved himself by a sudden flight, and Caesar's life filled Calpurnia with the liveliest ap-
was going to storm Antioch, when prince Raymond prehensions; she was haunted by dreams in the
came to his camp, made an apology for the reckless night, and entreated her husband, but in vain, not
conduct of his subjects, and soothed the emperor's to leave home on the fatal Ides of March, B. C. 44.
anger by a new protestation of his faith. Calo- |(Appian, B. C. ii. 115; Dion Cass. xliv. 17; Vell.
Joannes and Raymond now joined their troops, Pat. ii. 57; Suet. Cacs. 81; Plut. Caes. 63. )
and made a successful campaign against the Turks CALPU'RNIA. 1. One of the favourite con-
Atabeks in Syria, whose emir Emad-ed-din had cubines of the emperor Claudius. She was pre-
conquered Haleb. Calo-Joannes returned to Con- vailed upon by Narcissus to go to Ostin, where the
stantinople in 1141, defeating on his march the emperor was tarrying, to inform him of the mar-
sultan of Iconium, from whom he took the fortified riage of Messalina and C. Silius. (Tac. Ann. xi.
islands in the lake near Iconium, and exterminated 30. )
the pirates and robbers who had infested the coaste 2. A woman of high rank, who was sent into
from Cilicia to Lydia. Encouraged by so many exile by the jealousy of Agrippina, the wife of the
victories, and supported by eminent generals and emperor Claudius, who had accidentally spoken of
well-disciplined troops, who were in every respect her figure in terms of praise. She was recalled by
equal to those of the Latin princes of the East, Nero, in A. D. 60, for the purpose of making an
Calo-Joannes conceived the plan of conquering the exhibition of his clemency, after having just before
Latin kingdoms and principalities of Jerusalem, caused his own mother to be murdered. (Tac.
Antioch, &c. , and of driving out the Atabecks Ann. xii. 22, xiv. 72. )
[L. S. ]
from Syria, all of which were provinces that had CALPU'RNIA GENS, plebeian, pretended to
once belonged to the Eastern empire.
In 1142 he be descended from Calpus, the third of the four
set out for Cilicia at the head of a strong army, sons of Numa; and accordingly we find the head
pretending that he was going to make a pilgrimage of Numa on some of the coins of this gens. (Plut.
to Jerusalem. In the spring of 1143, he was at Num. 21; Hor. Ars Poet. 292; Festus, s. r. Cal-
Anazarba. While hunting one day in the forests purni; Eckhel, v. p. 160. ) The Calpurnii are not
on the banks of the Pyramus, he attacked a wild mentioned till the time of the first Punic war, and
boar : he succeeded in piercing the beast with his the first of them who obtained the consulship was
spear, but in the struggle his quiver was upset, C. Calpurnius Piso in B. c. 180; but from this time
and he received a slight wound in his hand from their consulships are very frequent, and the family
one of the arrows. The weapon was poisoned, and of the Pisones becomes one of the most illustrious
as the emperor would not allow his hand to be in the Roman state. The family-names under the
amputated, he died from the effects of the wound, republic are BESTIA, Bibulus, FLAMMA, and Piso,
on the 8th of April, 1143. His successor was his and some of the Pisones are distinguished by the
fourth son, Manuel, whom the emperor appointed surnames of Caesoninus and Frugi.
in preference to his third son, Isaac ; his eldest CALPURNIA'NUS, DE'CIUS, praefect of the
sons, Alexis and Andronicus, had both died a short body-guard of the emperor Claudius, seems to have
time before their father. The wife of Calo-Joannes been compromised in the adulterous conduct of
was Irene the daughter of Wladislaw 1. the Saint, Messalina, and was put to death in consequence,
king of Hungary, the sister of king Caloman, and A. D. 48. (Tac. Ann. xi. 35. )
(L. S. ]
the aunt of king Stephen I. , with whom Calo- CALPURNIA'NUS, M. PU'PIUS PISO,
Joannes made war: he married her before 1105, consul in B. c. 61. [Piso. ]
and she died in 1124. (Nicetas, Joannes Comnenus; CALPU'RNIUS, standard-bearer of the first
Cinnamus, i. ii. 1-5. )
[W. P. ] legion in Germany at the accession of Tiberius,
CALPETA'NUS, a physician at Rome, who A. D. 14. When Munatius Plancus arrived in the
lived probably about the beginning or middle of camp of Germanicus in Germany, as the ambassador
the first century after Christ, and who is mention of the senate, the rebellious soldiers would have
ed by Pliny (#. N. xxix. 5) as having gained by murdered him while he was embracing as a sup-
his practice the annual income of two hundred and pliant the sacred standards, had not Calpurnius
fifty thousand sesterces (about 1953. 2s. 60. ). checked the violence of the soldiers. (Tac. Ann. i.
This is considered by Pliny to be a very large 39. )
(L. S. ]
sum, and may therefore give us some notion of the CALPU'RNIUS, surnamed SICULUS. Among
fortunes made by physicians at Rome about the the works of the Latin poets we find eleven pasto-
beginning of the empire.
(W. A. G. ) rals which usually bear the title T. Calpurnii Siculi
CALPU'RNIA. 1. The daughter of L. Cal Bucolicon Eclogae, to which is sometimes added
purnius Bestia, consul in B. c. 111, the wife of P. Ad Nemesianum Carthaginiensem. The author is
Antistius and the mother of Antistia, the first wife generally believed to have lived towards the end
of Pompeius Magnus. On the murder of her hus- of the third century, and the person to whom the
band in B. C. 82, by order of the younger Marius, work is addressed is supposed to be the Aurelius
Calpurnia put an end to her own life. (Vell. Pat. Olympius Nemesianus whose poem on hunting is
ii. 26 ; comp. Antistius, No. 6. )
still extant. It will be found, however, upon a
2. The daughter of L. Calpurnius Piso Caeso- careful investigation of authorities, that we not
ninus, consul in B. c. 58, and the last wife of the only know nothing whatsoever with regard to the
dictator Caesar, whom he married in B. C. 59. personal history of Calpurnius, but that erery cir-
(Suet. Caes. 21 ; Plut. Caes. 14, Pomp. 47, Cat. cumstance connected with his name, his age, his
Min. 33; Appian, B. C. ii. 14; Caes. B. G. i. 12. ) works, and his friends, is involved in obscurity
Calpurnia seems not to have intermeddled in poli- and doubt. In several MSS. he is designated as


## p. 583 (#603) ############################################

CALPURNIUS
583
CALPURNIUS.
CALVENA.
A'NUS.
and to have bore quietly the fren
usband bestowed upon Cleopatra, vla
Rome in B. c. 46. The reports that
and respecting the conspiracy against
filled Calpurnia with the livedest as
she was haunted by dreams in the
a treated her husband, but in vain, net
e on the fatal Ides of March, & 6 4.
C. a. 115;
Dion Cass. xliv. 17; Tel
fuet. Cacs. 81; Plut. Caes. (3. )
NIA. I. One of the faroante con-
le emperor Claudius. She was pret
Narcissus to go to Ostin
, where the
tarrying, to inform him of the mar-
alina and C. Silius. (Tac. Ara, si
a of high rank, who was sent inte
alousy of Agrippina, the wife of the
us, who had accidentally spoken of
ims of praise. She was recailed by
60, for the purpose of making an
s clemency, after having just befcze
a mother to be murdered. (Tac.
v. 72. )
(LS)
IA GENS, plebeian, pretended to
om Calpus, the third of the four
and accordingly we find the bead
le of the coins of this gens. (Plut
Ars Poet. 292; Festus, s. c. Cal
: p. 160. ) The Calpurnii are not
e time of the first Panic war, and
who obtained the consulship 535
o in B. c. 180; bat from this time
ure very frequent, and the family
comes one of the most illustrious
ce. The famils-names under the
A, BIBULUS, FLAMMA, and Piso,
Pisones are distinguished by the
ninus and Frugi.
NUS, DE'CIUS, praefect of the
emperor Claudius, seems to hare
in the adulterous conduct of
s put to death in consequente,
3. xi. 35. ) (LS)
VUS, M. PU'PIUS PISO,
(Piso. ]
3, standard-bearer of the first
at the accession of Tiberius,
Tunatius Plancus arrived in the
in Germany, as the ambassador
rebellious soldiers would bare
e he was embracing as a supu
tandards, had not Calpurnius
of the soldiers. (Tac dan i
Titus, in others as Caius, in a great number the CALPU'RNIUS GALERIA'NUS. [GALE-
praenomen is altogether wanting, while the only RIANUS. ]
evidence for the determination of the cpoch when CALPU'RNIUS SALVIA'NUS. (SALVIANUS. ]
he flourished rests upon the gratuitous assumption CALVA, a surname of Venus at Rome, which
that he is identical with the Junius or Julius Cal- is derived by some from the verb calvere, to mock
purnius commemorated by Vopiscus in the life of or annoy, and is believed to refer to the caprices of
Carus. In like manner we are left in uncertainty lovers. Others relate, that Ancus Marcius dedi-
whether we ought to consider the term Siculus as cated the temple of Venus Calva near the Capitol
a cognomen, or as an appellation pointing out his at the time when his wife's bair began to fall off ;
native country, or as an epithet bestowed upon whereas a third account connects the foundation of
him because he cultivated the same style of com- this temple with the war against the Gauls, during
position with the Syracusan Theocritus. Some which the Roman women were said to have cut off
have sought to prove, from internal evidence, that, their hair for the purpose of making bow-strings of
like the Mantuan bard, he was raised from a hum- it. (Serv. ad Acn. i. 724; Lactant. i. 20, 27. )
ble station by the favour of some exalted patron, Hartung (Die Rclig. d. Röm. ï. p. 251) thinks the
but this hypothesis receives no support from the last account the most probable, and believes that
passages referred to, and those who have attempted the name referred to a real or symbolical cutting
in a similar manner to ascertain the precise epoch off of the hair of brides on their marriage day.
when he flourished have arrived at conflicting con- (Comp. Pers. Sat. ii. 70, with the Schol. ) [L. S. ]
clusions. Even if the dedication to Nemesianus is CALVASTER, JU'LIUS, a laticlave tribune
genuine, and this is far from certain, it does not of the soldiers under Domitian, took part in the
necessarily follow, that this must be the same Ne- revolt of Antonius in Germany, but was pardoned
mesianus who was contemporary with Numerianus. because he pretended that his intercourse with
The literary merits of Calpurnius may be briefly | Antonius was confined to a licentious connexion.
discussed. In all that relates to the mechanism of (Dion Cass. lxvii. 11; Suet. Dom. 10. )
his art he deserves much praise. His versification CALVENA, C. MATTIUS, usually called
is smooth, flowing, and sonorous, and his diction Matius, without his cognomen Calvena, which he
for the most part pure and elegant, although from received on account of his baldness, belonged to
being too elaborately finished it is sometimes tinged the equestrian order, and was one of Caesar's most
with affectation. In all the higher departments he intimate friends. He was a learned, amiable, and
can advance no claim to our admiration. He imi- accomplished man; but, through his love of re-
tates closely the Eclogues of Virgil, and like Virgil tirement and literature, he took no part in the
is deficient in the simplicity, freshness, and reality civil war, and did not avail himself of Caesar's
which lend such a charm to the Idylls of Theo friendship to obtain any public offices in the state.
critus-a deficiency which he awkwardly endea- Unlike many, who called themselves the friends of
vours to supply by occasionally foisting harsh and Caesar, he took no part in the conspiracy against
uncouth expressions into the mouths of his speakers. his life, but on the contrary was deeply affected by
He evidently was a careful student of Horace, his death. He immediately espoused the side of
Tibullus, Propertius, Juvenal, and Statius, for we Octavianus, with whom he became very intimate ;
can often detect their thoughts and even their ex- and at his request, and in memory of his departed
pressions, unless, indeed, we are disposed to adopt friend, he presided over the games which Octavia-
the absurd notions advocated by Ascensius, that nus exhibited in B. C. 44, on the completion of the
he belonged to the Augustan age, and might thus temple of Venus Genetrix, in honour of Caesar's
have been copied by the others instead of borrow- victories. The conduct of Matius excited the
ing from them.
wrath of Caesar's murderers; and there is a beau-
In the oldest MSS. and editions the whole tiful letter of his to Cicero (ad Fam.