h, 296-7
Rukn ad-Din Mankuras al-Farqani, Ami?
Rukn ad-Din Mankuras al-Farqani, Ami?
Arab-Historians-of-the-Crusades
d, son of Baibars, 318, 319
Al-Malik as-Salih 'Ala? ' ad-Din 'Ali, son of Qalawu? n, 323-4, 326 Al-Malik as Salih Najm ad-Din Ayyu? b, 265, 290, 294, 296-8:
relations with Emperor Frederick, 276; and St. Louis' Crusade, 284-7;
his troops capture Sidon, 287; correspondence with Louis, 300-1; serious illness, 285, 287;
death (1249), 277, 285, 288
Al-Malik az-Zafir, son of Saladin, 103
Al-Malik az-Za? hir, see Baibars
Al-Malik az-Za? hir, Prince of Aleppo, son of Saladin, 90, 103, 108, 212:
at siege of Tyre, 179;
at siege of Acre, 192
Al-Maqrizi, see Maqrizi
Al-Marqab, besieged and taken by Qalawu? n (1285), 334-8 Al-Mustarshid bi-lla? h, Caliph, 55
Al-Mustazhar bi-lla? h, Caliph, 29
Alunta? sh al-Abarri, Ami? r, 23
Amari, Michele, xx, xxxiii
An-Nawadir (Baha? ' ad-Din's biography of Saladin), xxix An-Nuju? m (Abu l-Mahasin), xxxvi
Antioch:
seized by the Franks (1098), 3-9;
besieged and captured by Baibars (1268), 308 Aqsiya? n, Ami? r, 23
Arna? t of al-Karak (Reynald of Cha^tillon), 120:
breaks truce (1186-7), 112, 115-17;
captured and put to death by Saladin, 112, 123-4, 133-4, 143 Arsla? n Burgha? , 193
Arsla? n Tash of Sanja? r, 7
Artuq, Ami? r, 10
Artuqids of Mardi? n, xiii
Asad ad-Din Shirku? h, Kurdish general, 65 Asad ad-Din Shirku? h the younger, 221 Ascalon, conquered by Saladin, 139 Ash-Shuyu? kh, Shaikh, 267, 280
Assassins, the, xxxi, 16n. , 238, 241-5, 319,
see also Isma'ilite sect
As-Suhrawardi, philosopher and mystic, put to death by Saladin, 90 Atsiz, Seljuqid general, 4
Ayyubid princes, xiii, xviii, xxxi, xxxii, xxxiv, xxxv; Part III passim
Badr ad-Din, Grand Qadi, 293
Badr ad-Din Bakta? sh an-Najmi, 341 Badr ad-Din Maudu? d, 249
Badr ad-Din Yildiri? m, 221, 233 Badra? n ibn Sa? daqa, 23
Baha? ' ad-Din ibn Shaddad, xxvii, xxx:
biography of Saladin, xv, xviii, xxix, 114, 182, 200-4, 208-9 212-34, 238, 246-52;
all-round portrait of Saladin, 87-113
Baha? ad-Din Zuha? ir, poet, secretary to the Ayyubids, 288, 301
Bahr ad-Din ibn Razi? n, 331
Baibars, Mamlu? k Sultan, xix, xxxi, xxxiii, 268, 277, 307-23, 325, 326, 334, 339:
attacks Tripoli, 307-8;
besieges and captures Antioch (1268), 308;
letter to Bohemond on fall of the city, 307-12; negotiations with Hugh III, 312-16;
truce signed, 315-16;
besieges and captures Hisn al-Akra? d (1271), 317-19; attempt on his life by Assassins, 319;
unsuccessful attack on Cyprus, 319-22; correspondence with King of Cyprus, 321-2
Baibars, chronicler, 320-2
Bakta? sh an-Nahawandi, 23
Bala? t, battle of (1119), 37-9
Baldwin II (Baldwin of Le Bourg), xix, 8, 81 Baldwin III, King of the Franks, 66, 75 Baldwin IV, 114
Baldwin V, 114, 115
Baldwin of Edessa (King of Jerusalem), 14, 24, 25:
defeated by Egyptians near Ascalon (1102), 16-17; captured by the Muslims (1104), 19-20;
freed (1108), 20-1;
pays ransom, 22;
assists Jawali? against Tancred, 22-3; flees after battle of Tall Bashir, 23;
Index 213
214 Index
blockades and captures Beiru? t (1109-10), 26-7; siege and capture of Sidon (1110), 27-8; besieges Tyre (1111-12), 30-1;
death (1131), 40
Baldwin (Bardawi? l) mythical King of the Franks, 3-4
Balia? n ibn Barza? n (Balia? n II of Ibeli? n), 98, 139, 147, 239, 242:
negotiates surrender of Jerusalem, 141-3, 156-8;
and peace negotiations (1192), 232, 233 Bali? kh, river, battle of (1104), 19
Baniya? s:
surrenders to Mu'i? n ad-Din and handed over to the Franks (1140), 47;
captured by Nur-ad-Din (1157), 65-6
Banna? , governor of Acre (1103-4), 17
Ba'ri? n, besieged and taken by Zangi (1137), 42-3
Barq ash-Shami (Lightning of Syria), (Ima? d-ad-Din), xxx Bartholomew, Frankish general, fortifies Maraqiyya, 339 Batinite sect, 16 and n.
Beirut:
blockaded by Franks (1109-10), 26;
Egyptian fleet arrives and defeats Frankish fleet, 26-7; Genoese fleet comes to Franks' assistance, 27;
fall of the city, 27
Bibliothe`que des Croisades (Michaud), xx Bibliothe`que du Roi, xx
Bohemond of Antioch, 8, 19, 22:
taken prisoner (1100), 13;
released on payment of ransom (1102), 15-16 Bohemond VI:
holds Tripoli, 307;
letter from Baibars on fall of Antioch, 307-12
Bughyat at-Talab (The Students Desire), (Kama? l ad-Din), xxviii Byzantine Rumi, xiv
Caesarea taken by the Franks (1100), 14 Caliphate, the, xviii
Cerdagne, Count of, 24
Charles of Anjou, 278, 280, 314 Chekermish, 23:
defeats Franks on river Bali? kh (1104), 19-20;
occupies Harra? n, 20 Christianity:
Muslim historians on, xvii, 83-4;
Christian and Muslim piety, 83-4;
the Church of the Resurrection, 148-51, 174; churches in Jerusalem closed, 174
Chroniques Arabes (Reinaud), xx
Conrad, Emperor, 277
Conrad of Montferrat ('the Marquis'), xxxi, 208-9, 222, 223:
and siege of Tyre, 176-8, 182; rift with the Frankish kings, 228;
and peace negotiations, 228-32; assassinated (1192), xix, 238-41
Daifa Khatu? n, Princess, 298 Damascus:
Zangi prepares to besiege it (1139-40), 44; his victory outside the city, 45; negotiations for agreement, 44-5; authorities decide to continue fight, 45; assistance from the Franks, 45-6;
battle outside the city, 47;
ineffective siege by the Franks (1148), 56-63;
Nur-ad-Din and its defence, 64-5;
grief in Damascus at loss of Jerusalem to Emperor, 272-4; besieged by al-Kamil and al-Ashraf, 274
Damietta:
besieged and captured by the Franks (1218-19), 256-9;
fortified by the Franks, 259-60, 264;
battles outside the city, 261;
unsuccessful peace negotiations, 262;
Damietta cut off, 262-3;
peace made and Damietta yielded to the Muslims (1221), 263-5; falls to King Louis after being abandoned (1249), 285-6; surrendered to the Muslims (1250), 299-300
Dawu? d ibn Suqma? n of Hisn Kaifa, 55
de Meynard, Barbier, xx
Dhail ta'ri? kh Dimashq (Appendix to the History of Damascus), (Ibn al-Qala? nisi), xxvi Duqa? q ibn Tutu? sh, Seljuqid Lord of Damascus, 7:
defeats the Franks (1100), 14; and siege of Tripoli, 15
Edessa, 18, 21-2:
captured by Zangi (1144), 49-53
Fakhr ad-Din al-Muqri al-Hajib, Ami? r, 337
Fakhr ad-Din Aya? z, 331
Fakhr ad-Din ibn ash-Shaikh, Ami? r, 267, 279-80:
negotiations with Emperor Frederick over Jerusalem, 270; letters from the Emperor, 280-3;
and St. Louis' Crusade, 285, 286;
sends letter to Cairo calling people to join Holy War, 288; killed at Mansura (1250), 290
Fakhr ad-Din ibn Luqma? n, 294, 304
Fakhr al-Mulk ibn 'Amma? r, Ami? r of Tripoli, 14-15, 25 Faris ad-Din, Ata-beg, 309
Faris ad-Din Aqtay, 297
Fatimids:
Caliphs of Egypt, xii, xxviii, 4; commanders in Palestine, xii
Index 215
216 Index
Fifth Crusade, xiii, xxxii, 255-66 First Crusade, xvii-xviii, xxvi, 3-55 Fourth Crusade, 255
Franks, the:
and marital jealousy, 77-8; arrival of women, 204-7; cavalry, 73-4;
medicine, 76-7; orientalized, 78-9;
piracy, 74-6
Frederick Barbarossa, 208;
his Crusade and death (1190), 209-10;
adventures of remainder of his army, 209-10 Frederick II, Emperor, xiii, xix, xxxii, xxxiii, 267-83:
arrives and settles at Acre (1228), 267-9; negotiations with al-Kamil, 269-71; Jerusalem yielded to him on terms, 269-70; visits Jerusalem, 271-2, 274-5;
returns home, 273;
later relations with Ayyubids, 276-7;
and the Pope, 278-83;
two Arabic letters written by him, 280-3; death (1250), 277
Fulk, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, 40, 42, 73-4, 80-3
Gerard of Ridfort, Grand Master of the Temple, 123, 133, 139, 189 Godfrey of Bouillon, 8:
killed before Acre (1100), 13 Guy de Lusignan, 213, 228, 240:
marries Queen Sibylla, 115;
she abdicates in his favour, 115; captured at Hittin, 123-4, 133-4; imprisoned, 139, 143
Haifa taken by the Franks (1100), 14 Harra? n:
Frankish drive on, 18;
occupied by Chekermish (1104), 20 Henry, Count of Champagne, 232:
governor of Tyre, 239-41;
marries Conrad de Montferrat's widow, 240, 241; conciliation with Saladin, 242
Heraclius, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 139, 147, 158, 182; removes treasures from the city, 144, 162
Hila? l as-Sabi, xxvi
Hisn al-Akra? d ('Krak des Chevaliers'):
besieged by Saint-Gilles (1102), 16, 316; taken by Tancred (1109-10), 26;
history of, 316-17;
besieged and captured by Baibers (1271), 317-19, 339
Hittin, battle of (1187), xiii, xvi, 112, 114, 121-5, 131-3, 135-7, 140:
capture of the 'True Cross', 122, 136-7 Hohenstaufens, the, xiv, 267-83
Honfroi of Baniya? s, see Humphrey of Toron Hospitallers, 334, 339, 348:
in fighting near Acre (1187), 116-17; at battle of Hittin, 123, 124, 133; slaughtered by Saladin, 138-9
Hugh II, King of Cyprus, 312-13 Hugh III, King of Cyprus, 313:
invited to Acre, 313;
negotiations with Baibars, 313-16; truce signed, 315-16
Hugh of Brienne, 313
Hugh of Juba? il, 123, 133, 139
Hugh of Revel, Grand Master of the Hospital, 318 Hulagu, King of the Mongols, 308
Humphrey of Toron, 66, 123, 133, 139, 143, 159, 229, 232 Husa? m ad-Din Abu l'-Haija? the Fat, 186
Husa? m ad-Din Bishara, 226:
takes oath to al-Abdal, 249
Husa? m ad-Din ibn Laji? n, 192
Husa? m ad-Din Lu'lu' al-Hajib, see Lu'lu'
Husa? m ad-Din Muhammad ibn Abi 'Ali, governor and vizier of Cairo, 291, 293, 297;
negotiations with King Louis, 298-9
Ibn 'Abd az-Zahir, biographies of Mamlu? k sultans, xv, xxxiii, xxxiv, xxxvi, 307-12, 314-16, 323-31
Ibn Abi t-Tayy, Shi'ite historian of Aleppo, xxxi, xxxiv, 87, 316
Ibn ad-Danishma? nd Tailu? , Prince of Malatia:
captures Bohemond (1100), 13;
defeats the Franks and captures Malatia, 13; releases Bohemond on payment of ransom, 14-15
Ibn al-'Arid, 15
Ibn al-Athi? r, xv, xx, xxvii-xxviii, xxx, 3-23, 41-3, 49-55, 59-62, 64, 87, 114-25, 139-46, 176-91, 209-12, 238, 241-2, 255-64:
true historian, xix-xx
Ibn al-Fura? t, xv, xxiv, 307, 312-14, 316-19, 331-3
Ibn al-Janzi, xxxii
Ibn al-Jawali, 219
Ibn al-Muqaddam of Shaizir, 23 3
Ibn al-Qala? nisi, xvi, xxvi-xxviii, xxx, 3, 24-35, 38-9, 41, 44-50, 56-9, 64-8:
chronicle of Northern Syria, xv, xxvi;
first-hand experience of First and Second Crusades, xxvi Ibn an-Nahha? l, 225
Ibn 'Asakir, 316, 317
Ibn az-Zaki, Qadi of Damascus, 250
Ibn Hassu? n, Baibers' admiral, 320 Ibn Kathir, 319
Index 217
218 Index
Ibn Munqidh, see Usama
Ibn Suqma? n of Khila? t, 55
Ibn Wasil, xv, xix, xxxi-xxxii, xxxiv, 255, 264-73, 276-80
Ibrahim ibn Turghu? t, defeated and killed by Raymond of Antioch (1140), 46-7 Iftikha? r ad-Daula, Egyptian governor of Jerusalem, 10
Ilghazi, Ami? r of Mardi? n:
musters army against Franks (1119), 36; raids Frankish territory, 36;
surprises Franks at Bala? t, 37-8
'Ima? d ad-Din, xvii, xxvii, xxix-xxx:
biography of Saladin, xv, xviii, xxx, 87, 114, 125-39, 140-75, 182, 204-7, 225, 234-40
'Ima? d ad-Din Zangi ibn Maudu? d ibn Zangi, 200 'Iqd al-Juma? n (Al-'Aini), xxxv
Isa, governor of Jerusalem, 188:
at siege of Acre, 193, 195
Isma'i? l al-Mukabbis, killed in siege of Acre, 193 Isma 'ilite sect (Assassins), xxxi, 238, 241, 318, 319,
see also Batinite sect
Ispahba? d Sabau, 23
'Izz ad-Din Arsil, 219
'Izz ad-Din ad-Dubaisi, Ami? r, 54
'Izz ad-Din Aibek the Turcoman, military commander under Shajar ad-Durr, 298 'Izz ad-Din al-Aqram, 319
'Izz ad-Din ibn Maudu? d ibn Zangi, 200 'Izz ad-Din ibn al-Muqaddam, 105, 226 'Izz ad-Din ibn Jurdi? k, 92, 219-20:
commander of Acre, 181
'Izz ad-Din Isa ibn Malik, 141
'Izz ad-Din Ma'n, Ami? r, killed in siege of Tripoli, 343
Jala? l ad-Din ibn 'Ala? 'ad-Din Khwarizimsha? h, 268 Jama? l ad-Daula Iqba? l, 248
Jama? l ad-Din Ami? r of Damascus:
defeated by Zangi (1139-40), 44; negotiations for agreement, 44-8, 80-2; illness and death (1140), 45
Jama? l ad-Din ibn al-Jauzi, 272
Jama? l ad-Din ibn Yaghmu? r, 302
Jama? l ad-Din ibn Yahya ibn Matru? h, 294-5 Jama? l ad-Din Muhsin as-Sa? lihi, 294
Jana? h ad-Daula of Hims, 7-9:
makes treaty with the Franks, 9; defeats Franks (1100), 14;
and siege of Tripoli, 15; murdered, 16, 316
Jawali? , Turkish Ami? r, 20-3:
frees Baldwin and Joscelin (1108), 20-1; receives ransom from Baldwin, 22;
plot against Aleppo, 22;
defeated by Tancred at Tall Bashir, 22-3
Jerusalem:
capitulates to Egyptians (1096), 10;
besieged by the Franks, 10-11;
captured (1099), 11;
inhabitants slaughtered, 11;
Dome of the Rock stripped, 11;
the Templars at Jerusalem, 80;
reconquered by Saladin, 139-61;
siege of the city, 140-1, 154-6;
negotiations and surrender, 141-3, 156-8, 160-1; treasures removed, 144;
Saladin restores the city, 144-5, 164-75, 178;
the Church of the Resurrection, 148-51; description of the city, 151-4;
condition of Franks on their departure, 161-3 5 Dome of the Rock restored, 168-72;
Oratory of David, 173-4;
closure of Christian churches, 174;
madrasas instituted, 174;
yielded to Emperor Frederick on terms, 269-70; Muslims leave the city, 270-1;
Frederick's visit, 271-2, 274-5;
grief in Damascus at loss of Jerusalem, 272-4
John, King of Brienne, 282, 284
Joscelin, Prince of Tall Bashir, Frankish knight:
hostage for Baldwin of Edessa, 21; released (1108), 21;
captures Manbij, 21;
at battle of Tall Bashir, 23;
flees, 23;
and siege of Beiru? t, 26
Joscelin II, Prince of Edessa, 49, 51
Kama? l ad-Din, chronicle of Mesopotamia, xv, xxviii, 36-8
Kama? l ad-Din ibn Shith, 314, 315
Kamil at-Tawarikh (Ibn al-Athi? r), xxvii
Kawasi? l, Armenian ally of Baldwin of Edessa, 22
Kerbuqa? , Ami? r of Mosul, defeated by the Franks outside Antioch (1098), 7-8 Khali? l al-Hakkari, killed at siege of Acre, 188
Khushtari? n Husa? in al-Hakkari, 249
Kita? b al-'Asa (The Book of the Stick) (Usama), xxix
Kita? b al-Bulda? n (Usama), 317
Kita? b al-I'biba? r (Usama's autobiography), xv, xvii, xxviii-xxix, 73-83 Kita? b ar-Randata? in (The Book of the Two Gardens), (Abu Shama), xxx, 87 Kita? b as-sulu? k (al-Maqrizi), xxxiv
'Krak des Chevaliers', see Hisn el-Akra? d
Leo, King of Lesser Armenia, 210 Louis, Duke of Bavaria, 263
Index 219
220 Index
Louis IX (St. Louis), King of France, xix, xxxii, 280, 314: Crusade (1249-50), 276-8, 284-302;
arrives in Egypt, 284, 301;
correspondence with as-Salih, 300-1;
takes Damietta, 285-6;
advances against the Muslims, 288;
battles at Mansura and ultimate Muslim victory, 289-92; Frankish fleet attacked and crippled by Muslim fleet, 292-3; Franks routed by Muslims, 293-4;
Louis surrenders and is imprisoned at Mansura, 294; negotiations with Husa? m-ad-Din, 298-9;
Damietta surrendered and Louis freed, 299-300;
leaves for home, 300;
in Tunisia (1270), 303-4;
dies there, 303
Lu'lu', Ami? r, 191, 192
Madrasas instituted in Jerusalem, 174
Maimu? n al-Qasri, 249
Majd ad-Dinibu 'Izz ad-Din Farruksha? h, ruler of Baalbek, 212 Malatia taken from the Franks (1100), 13
Maliksha? h, Sultan, 18, 23n. :
and situation in Syria (1110-11), 28-30
Mallaha, battle of (1157), 66-8
Mamlu? k Sultans, xiii, xviii, xxxi-xxxvi, Part IV passim:
biographies of, xv, xxxiii
Manaqib Rashid ad-Din, xxxi, 242-5 Manfred, Emperor, 267, 268, 276, 277:
excommunicated by the Pope for Muslim leanings, 278;
captured and put to death, 280 Mansura:
battles between Muslims and King Louis and ultimate Muslim victory, 289-92;
letter of Sultan Turansha? h after victory, 302
Maqrizi, xv, xxxiv, 284, 300-4, 307, 323, 342-3
Maraqiyya, besieged and captured by Qalawu? n, 338-41
Marital jealousy, the Franks and, 77-8
Mas'u? d, Seljuqid Sultan of Iconium, 55, 75
Maudu? d, Ami? r of Mosul, 55
Medicine, Frankish, 76-7
Michaud, xx
Mir'a? t az-zama? n (The Mirror of the Times), (Sibt Ibn al-Jauzi), xxxii Mufarrij al-Kuru? b (Ibn Wasil), xxxi-xxxii
Muhammad al-Isfahani, 18
Muhammad ibn Laji? n, nephew of Saladin, 117
Muhammad ibn Maliksha? h, see Maliksha? h
Muhyi ad-Din ibn 'Abd az-Zahir, see Ibn 'Abd az-Zahir
Muhyi ad-Din ibn az-Zahi, qadi of Damascus, no, 144-5, 169, 252 Mu'i? n ad-Daula Suqma? n, see Suqma? n
Mu'i? n ad-Din Unur, Ami? r, 41, 80, 81, 83, 84;
besieges and takes Baniya? s (1140), 47;
and siege of Damascus (1148), 56-8, 60-1 Mujahid ad-Din Baranqash, 192
Mujalli ibn Marwa? n, 192:
killed in siege of Acre, 187, 195
Muji? r ad-Din Abaq, see Abaq
Mukhtasar ta'ri? kh al-Bashar (Abu l-Fida? ), xxxv Munqidh, ruler of Shaizar, 9
Muslim historians xiv-xxi, xxvi-xxxvii:
and Christianity, xvii;
biographies, xv;
chronicles of cities and regions, xv; compared with Christian counterparts, xix; descriptions of warfare, xvi;
faithful characterization, xix;
general histories, xv;
on Muslim heroes, xvii-xix
Muslim, use of term, xiv
Muzaffar ad-Din ibn Zain ad-Din, Prince of Harra? n and Edessa, 117:
at siege of Acre, 185, 192-3 Muzaffar ad-Din of Arbela, 268
Najm ad-Din, see Ilghazi
Najm ad-Din, Grand Master of the Isma'ilites, 318, 319
Najm ad-Din ibn Isra'i? l, 302
Najm ad-Din ibn Shaikh al-Isla? m, 284
Nasir ad-Din of Sahyu? n, 249
Nicholas Lorgue, Grand Master of the Hospital, 326
Nur ad-Din (Norandin), Ata-beg of Mosul and Sultan of Aleppo (1117-74), xiii, xviii, xix, xxvii, 49, 61, 74-5, 145, 181, 317:
and defence of Damascus (1157), 64-5; capture of Baniya? s, 65-6;
battle of Mallaha, 66-8;
death, 68-70;
appearance and characteristics, 70-1; his justice, 71;
as warrior, 71-2;
public works, 72
Nushirwa? n az-Zarzari, 249
Odo Poilechien, bailli of Acre, 326
Old Man of the Mountain, the, 238, 241-5
Pelagius, 284
Philip II Augustus, King of France, 242:
arrival at Acre, 182, 207, 212-13;
negotiations for surrender of Acre, 218-19 Philip of Alsace, Count of Flanders, 213 Philip of Milly, 159
Index 221
222 Index
Qaimaz an-Najmi, 117, 138: at siege of Acre, 192, 219
Qalawu? n, Mamlu? k sultan, xvi, xxxiii, 307, 316, 323-44: treaty with Templars in Tortosa (1282), 323-6; treaty with Acre (1283), 326-33;
oaths taken by the Sultan and the Franks, 331-3; besieges and takes al-Marqab (1285), 334-8;
siege and capture of Maraqiyya, 338-41; siege and capture of Tripoli (1289), 341-3; death, 344
Qara Arslan, 96
Qaraja, governor of Harra? n, 18
Qaraqu? sh, commander and governor of Acre, 199, 217
Qilij Arsla? n ibn Qutlumi? sh ibn Selju? q, and Barbarossa's Crusade, 209-11 Qilij Arsla? n ibn Sulaima? n ibn Qutlumi? sh, 5;
defeats Saint-Gilles, 14
Qura? n, the, and Qura? nic studies, 89-90:
restored to Jerusalem, 164, 169-70
Qutb ad-Din an-Na? sawi, 71-2
Qutb ad-Din an Nisaburi, ima? m, compiles catechism for Saladin, 88
Qutba ad-Din ibn Nur-ad-Din, 192
Qutb ad-Din Maliksha? h ibn Qilij Arsla? n, and Barbarossa's Crusade, 209-10
Ramada? n, observance of, 89
Rashid ad-Din Sina? n, Grand Master of the Assassins (Old Man of the Mountain), 238, 241-5 Raymond, Count, ruler of Tripoli, 114, 120, 130, 138:
regent for Baldwin V, 115;
stripped of his authority, 115; establishes relations with Saladin, 115; reconciled with the Franks, 118-19;
at siege of Tyre, 176
Raymond of Antioch (Raymond of Poitiers), 46-7
Recueil des Historiens des Croisades, xx
Reinaud, xx
Reynald of Cha^tillon, see Arnat of al-Kurak
Richard I, King of England (Coeur de Lion), xix, 107-8, 182, 208, 225, 239, 242, 344:
takes possession of Cyprus (1191), 213;
arrival at Acre, 213-14;
massacres Muslim prisoners, 223-4;
peace with Saladin (1192), xvi, 225-7, 229-34, 237; and assassination of Conrad of Montferrat, 238-41; assumes control of Tyre, 239
Ridwa? n of Aleppo, 22
Roger des Moulins, Grand Master of the Hospital, 117 Roger of Antioch, defeated and killed at Bala? t (1119), 36-9 Roger the Frank, conqueror of Sicily, 3-4
Rukn ad-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari:
assassinates al-Mu'azzam Turansha?
h, 296-7
Rukn ad-Din Mankuras al-Farqani, Ami? r, killed in siege of Tripoli, 343 Rukn ad-Din Taqsu? al-Mansuri, 341
Rumi, Byzantine, xiv
Ruzbih, cuirass-maker, betrays Antioch, 6
Sabi? h al-Mu'a? zzami, 294
Sabiq ad-Din, 105, 221, 226, 249
Sa'd ad-Din Mas'u? d, 248
Saif ad-Din, Ami? r of Sahyu? n, 318
Saif ad-Din 'Ali al-Mashtu? b, 233, 259:
and siege of Acre, 192, 217; undertakes negotiations, 218-19; plots to depose al-Kamil, 257-8
Saif ad-Din Balba? n al-Tabukhi, 343
Saif ad-Din Ghazi, ruler of Mosul, and siege of Damascus (1148), 60-1 Saif ad-Din Qaraqu? sh, see Qaraqu? sh
Saif ad-Din Yazkug, 193
Saint-Gilles, Bertrand of (son of Raymond), 24, 25, 316:
and siege of Beirut, 26
Saint-Gilles, Raymond of, Count of Toulouse, 8, 24: besieges Tripoli, 14-15, 17;
captures Tortosa, 15;
besieges Hisn al-Akra? d, 16, 316, 317;
captures Hims and besieges Acre, 16;
captures Juba? il, 17
Saj' (rhymed prose), xv
Saladin, xii, xxi, xxvii-xxxii, xxxiv, 64, 69:
rise to power, xiii;
biographies of, xv, xvii-xix, xxix, xxx, 87;
all-round portrait, 87-113;
and the Pilgrimage, 89;
and the Qura? n, 89-90;
and ramada? n, 89;
character, 87-93;
courage and steadfastness, 97-9;
determination to win merit in God's eyes, 105;
endurance, 102-5;
examples of his humanity and forgiveness, 105-9, 114, 203-4; generosity, 96-7, 109-11;
justice and its administration, 93-6;
man of faith, 87-93;
patience under suffering, 105;
qualities of mercy and pity, 111, 113;
unfailing goodness, 109-13;
zeal in the Holy War, 99-102,
establishes relations with Raymond and other Franks, 115; and Prince Arna? t, 112, 115-17, 123-4, 133-4;
calls the provinces to arms (1187), 116;
invades Frankish territory, 118-19, 125-9;
siege and capture of Tiberias, 120, 124, 129-30, 137-8;
battle of Hittin, 121-5, 131-3, 135-7;
slaughters Templars and Hospitallers, 138-9;
Index 223
224 Index
conquers Ascalon, 139;
reconquest of Jerusalem, 139-61;
advances on Jerusalem, 139-40, 146-7;
siege of the city, 140-1, 154-6;
negotiations and surrender, 141-3, 156-8, 160-1; restoration of Jerusalem, 144-5, 164-75, 178; unsuccessful siege of Tyre, 176-81;
and siege of Acre, 182;
desists from attacking the Franks, 184-5;
battles before Acre (1189), 185-9, 192-6;
illness and withdrawal from Acre, 190, 197-8;
and Barbarossa's Crusade, 211;
summons to the Holy War, 214-15;
and last attack on Acre, 215-19;
and fall of Acre, 223, 346;
truce with Richard I (1192), xvi, 225-37;
treaty signed, 233-4, 237;
and assassination of Conrad of Montferrat, 238, 241; negotiations with Grand Master of the Assassins, 241-5; illness and death (1193), 246-52
Salim ibn Malik, ruler of Ja'bar, 21
Sarim ad-Din al-Ka? firi, 319
Sarim ad-Din Qaima? z an-Najmi, see Qaima? z an-Najmi
Saru? j, captured by the Franks (1100), 14
Second Crusade, xxvi, 56-84
Seljuqid Ata-begs, the, xii, xiii, 4
Shafi 'al-'Asqalani, xxxiii
Shajar ad-Durr, Princess, becomes titular ruler of Egypt, 297-8
Shams ad-Daula Chekermish, see Chekermish
Shams ad-Daula ibn Ayyu? b, 70
Shams ad-Din, qadi of Nablus, and Emperor's visit to Jerusalem, 271, 272, 275 Shams ad-Din Aqsunqur al-Farqani, Ami? r, 308
Shams ad-Din Sunqur, 249
Shibl ad-Daula Nasr ibn Mirda? s, 316
Shiha? b ad-Din, 284
Shuja? ad-Din Jurdi? k al-Muzaffari an-Nuri, 265-6
Sibt Ibn al-Janzi, xv, xxxii, xxxiv, 56, 62-3, 267, 273-5:
preaches in Damascus on loss of Jerusalem to the Emperor, 272-4 Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem:
marries Guy de Lusignan and abdicates in his favour, 115;
set at liberty by Saladin, 143, 159 Sicily conquered by the Franks (1091), 3 Sidon:
besieged and captured by the Franks (1110), 27-8;
surrendered by the Franks (1249), 287
Sira? j ad-Din Urmani, qadi of Asia Minor, visits Emperor Frederick and writes book on logic for him, 276
Sirat al-Malik az-Zahir (biography of Baibars), xxxiii
Stephanie, Princess, 143, 159
Sulaima? n ibn Artu? q, 7, 8
Sulaima? n ibn Mubarak ibn Shibl, 38 Sunqu? r al-Ushaqi, 219
Sunqu? r Diraz, 23
Suqma? n:
defeated near Saru? j (1100), 14;
defeats Franks on river Bati? kh (1104), 19-20
Taj ad-Daula Tutu? sh, Lord of Jerusalem, 10 Taj ad-Din Ibn bint al-A'azz, 291
Tall Bashir, battle of (1109), 22-3
Tami? m ibn Mu'izz, Zirid Ami? r of Tunisia, 4 Tancred of Antioch, 24:
struggle with Baldwin over possession of Edessa, 21-2; restores Edessa to Baldwin, 22;
and battle of Tall Bashir (1109), 22-3;
takes Baniya? s and Juba? id on terms, 25;
takes Shaizar and Hisn al-Akra? d (1109-10), 26, 316 Taqi ad-Din, nephew of Saladin, 94, 105, 171:
at battle of Hitti? n, 122;
at siege of Tyre, 179;
at siege of Acre, 185, 187, 192-4
Taqi-ad-Din al-Maqrizi, see Maqrizi
Taqwi? m al-bulda? n, xxxv
Ta'ri? kh ad-duwal (Ibn al-Fura? t), xxxiv
Ta'ri? kh Mansuri (A Mansurite History), xxxii-xxxiii, 280-3 Tashri? f al-ayya? m, xxxiii, 334-41
Templars, the, xiv, 117-18, 348:
at Jerusalem, 79-80;
at battle of Hittin, 124, 125, 133, 136; slaughtered by Saladin, 138-9;
treaty with Qalawu? n at Tortosa (1282), 323-6
Teutonic Hospitallers, 348
Third Crusade, xiii, xvi, xxi, Part II passim
Tiberias, besieged and captured by Saladin (1187), 120, 124, 129-30 137-8 Tiberias, Countess of (Eschiva, Countess of Bures), 114, 124, 130, 137-8 Todros ibn as-Safi (Theodore of Sophianos), Greek commander of, Antioch, 79 Tortosa, treaty between Qalawu? n and Templars in (1282), 323-6
Tripoli:
besieged by the Turks (1102), 15;
besieged and captured (1109), 24-6;
Egyptian fleet arrives too late, 26;
abandoned by Baibars, 307-8;
besieged and captured by Qalawu? n (1289), 341-3
Tugha? n Arstan ibn Dimla? j, Ami? r of Arzan, 37
Tughtiki? n, Ata-beg of Damascus, xiii, xviii, xxvi, 7, 60, 316:
comes to assistance of Tyre (1111-12), 30;
at siege of Tyre, 30-5;
musters army against Franks (1119), 36, 38-9; death (1128), 41
Tyre:
Index 225
226 Index
besieged (1111-12), 30-5; attacks on the city, 32-4; Franks withdraw, 34;
city rebuilt, 35;
besieged by Saladin (1187), 176-82;
Egyptian galleys defeated by Franks, 179;
Saladin withdraws, 180-1;
Franks muster at Tyre and march on Acre (1189), 183-4; surrenders to al-Ashraf (1291), 346, 353
'Umar al-Khilati, merchant, justly treated by Saladin, 94-6 Usuma ibn Munqidh, Ami? r of Shaizar, xxxv:
autobiography, xv, xvii, xxviii-xxix, 73-83; Kitab al'Asa, xxix, 83-4;
Kitab al-Bulda? n, 317
William Jiba? , 81
William of Beaujeu, Grand Master of the Temple, treaty with Qalawu? n, 323, 325, 326 William of Tyre, xvii, xx
Yaghi Siya? n, ruler of Antioch, 5-7, 15: flees from the Franks (1098), 6; put to death, 7
Yakhu? z, Ami? r, and siege of Tripoli, 15
Yildirim al-Yaqubi, 117
Yusuf al-Findalawi, Ima? m, killed at Damascus (1148), 57, 60, 62-3
Zahi? r ad-Din, see Tughtiki? n
Zahi? r ad-Din ibn al-Bulunkari, 192; killed in siege of Acre, 187, 195
Zain ad-Din, Ami? r, 293
Zain ad-Din Abu l-Hasan 'Ali ibn Naja, 168
Zain ad-Din Kitbugha? al-Mansuri, Ami? r, 345
Zain ad-Din Yusuf of Arbela, 200
Zangi, Ata-beg of Mosul, xiii, xvi, xviii, xix, xxvii, 41-55, 60, 64:
man of destiny for Isla? m, 41;
besieges and takes Ba'ri? n (1137), 42-3;
takes Ma'arra and Kafarta? b, 43;
generous treatment of people of Ma'arra, 43; prepares for siege of Damascus (1139-40), 44; his victory outside the city, 44;
negotiations for agreement, 44-5;
second battle outside city, 47;
capture of Edessa (1144), 49-53;
death (1146), 53;
eulogy of him, 53-5
Zangid dynasty, xviii, xxvii, xxxii, 41 Zubdat al-halab (Kama?
Al-Malik as-Salih 'Ala? ' ad-Din 'Ali, son of Qalawu? n, 323-4, 326 Al-Malik as Salih Najm ad-Din Ayyu? b, 265, 290, 294, 296-8:
relations with Emperor Frederick, 276; and St. Louis' Crusade, 284-7;
his troops capture Sidon, 287; correspondence with Louis, 300-1; serious illness, 285, 287;
death (1249), 277, 285, 288
Al-Malik az-Zafir, son of Saladin, 103
Al-Malik az-Za? hir, see Baibars
Al-Malik az-Za? hir, Prince of Aleppo, son of Saladin, 90, 103, 108, 212:
at siege of Tyre, 179;
at siege of Acre, 192
Al-Maqrizi, see Maqrizi
Al-Marqab, besieged and taken by Qalawu? n (1285), 334-8 Al-Mustarshid bi-lla? h, Caliph, 55
Al-Mustazhar bi-lla? h, Caliph, 29
Alunta? sh al-Abarri, Ami? r, 23
Amari, Michele, xx, xxxiii
An-Nawadir (Baha? ' ad-Din's biography of Saladin), xxix An-Nuju? m (Abu l-Mahasin), xxxvi
Antioch:
seized by the Franks (1098), 3-9;
besieged and captured by Baibars (1268), 308 Aqsiya? n, Ami? r, 23
Arna? t of al-Karak (Reynald of Cha^tillon), 120:
breaks truce (1186-7), 112, 115-17;
captured and put to death by Saladin, 112, 123-4, 133-4, 143 Arsla? n Burgha? , 193
Arsla? n Tash of Sanja? r, 7
Artuq, Ami? r, 10
Artuqids of Mardi? n, xiii
Asad ad-Din Shirku? h, Kurdish general, 65 Asad ad-Din Shirku? h the younger, 221 Ascalon, conquered by Saladin, 139 Ash-Shuyu? kh, Shaikh, 267, 280
Assassins, the, xxxi, 16n. , 238, 241-5, 319,
see also Isma'ilite sect
As-Suhrawardi, philosopher and mystic, put to death by Saladin, 90 Atsiz, Seljuqid general, 4
Ayyubid princes, xiii, xviii, xxxi, xxxii, xxxiv, xxxv; Part III passim
Badr ad-Din, Grand Qadi, 293
Badr ad-Din Bakta? sh an-Najmi, 341 Badr ad-Din Maudu? d, 249
Badr ad-Din Yildiri? m, 221, 233 Badra? n ibn Sa? daqa, 23
Baha? ' ad-Din ibn Shaddad, xxvii, xxx:
biography of Saladin, xv, xviii, xxix, 114, 182, 200-4, 208-9 212-34, 238, 246-52;
all-round portrait of Saladin, 87-113
Baha? ad-Din Zuha? ir, poet, secretary to the Ayyubids, 288, 301
Bahr ad-Din ibn Razi? n, 331
Baibars, Mamlu? k Sultan, xix, xxxi, xxxiii, 268, 277, 307-23, 325, 326, 334, 339:
attacks Tripoli, 307-8;
besieges and captures Antioch (1268), 308;
letter to Bohemond on fall of the city, 307-12; negotiations with Hugh III, 312-16;
truce signed, 315-16;
besieges and captures Hisn al-Akra? d (1271), 317-19; attempt on his life by Assassins, 319;
unsuccessful attack on Cyprus, 319-22; correspondence with King of Cyprus, 321-2
Baibars, chronicler, 320-2
Bakta? sh an-Nahawandi, 23
Bala? t, battle of (1119), 37-9
Baldwin II (Baldwin of Le Bourg), xix, 8, 81 Baldwin III, King of the Franks, 66, 75 Baldwin IV, 114
Baldwin V, 114, 115
Baldwin of Edessa (King of Jerusalem), 14, 24, 25:
defeated by Egyptians near Ascalon (1102), 16-17; captured by the Muslims (1104), 19-20;
freed (1108), 20-1;
pays ransom, 22;
assists Jawali? against Tancred, 22-3; flees after battle of Tall Bashir, 23;
Index 213
214 Index
blockades and captures Beiru? t (1109-10), 26-7; siege and capture of Sidon (1110), 27-8; besieges Tyre (1111-12), 30-1;
death (1131), 40
Baldwin (Bardawi? l) mythical King of the Franks, 3-4
Balia? n ibn Barza? n (Balia? n II of Ibeli? n), 98, 139, 147, 239, 242:
negotiates surrender of Jerusalem, 141-3, 156-8;
and peace negotiations (1192), 232, 233 Bali? kh, river, battle of (1104), 19
Baniya? s:
surrenders to Mu'i? n ad-Din and handed over to the Franks (1140), 47;
captured by Nur-ad-Din (1157), 65-6
Banna? , governor of Acre (1103-4), 17
Ba'ri? n, besieged and taken by Zangi (1137), 42-3
Barq ash-Shami (Lightning of Syria), (Ima? d-ad-Din), xxx Bartholomew, Frankish general, fortifies Maraqiyya, 339 Batinite sect, 16 and n.
Beirut:
blockaded by Franks (1109-10), 26;
Egyptian fleet arrives and defeats Frankish fleet, 26-7; Genoese fleet comes to Franks' assistance, 27;
fall of the city, 27
Bibliothe`que des Croisades (Michaud), xx Bibliothe`que du Roi, xx
Bohemond of Antioch, 8, 19, 22:
taken prisoner (1100), 13;
released on payment of ransom (1102), 15-16 Bohemond VI:
holds Tripoli, 307;
letter from Baibars on fall of Antioch, 307-12
Bughyat at-Talab (The Students Desire), (Kama? l ad-Din), xxviii Byzantine Rumi, xiv
Caesarea taken by the Franks (1100), 14 Caliphate, the, xviii
Cerdagne, Count of, 24
Charles of Anjou, 278, 280, 314 Chekermish, 23:
defeats Franks on river Bali? kh (1104), 19-20;
occupies Harra? n, 20 Christianity:
Muslim historians on, xvii, 83-4;
Christian and Muslim piety, 83-4;
the Church of the Resurrection, 148-51, 174; churches in Jerusalem closed, 174
Chroniques Arabes (Reinaud), xx
Conrad, Emperor, 277
Conrad of Montferrat ('the Marquis'), xxxi, 208-9, 222, 223:
and siege of Tyre, 176-8, 182; rift with the Frankish kings, 228;
and peace negotiations, 228-32; assassinated (1192), xix, 238-41
Daifa Khatu? n, Princess, 298 Damascus:
Zangi prepares to besiege it (1139-40), 44; his victory outside the city, 45; negotiations for agreement, 44-5; authorities decide to continue fight, 45; assistance from the Franks, 45-6;
battle outside the city, 47;
ineffective siege by the Franks (1148), 56-63;
Nur-ad-Din and its defence, 64-5;
grief in Damascus at loss of Jerusalem to Emperor, 272-4; besieged by al-Kamil and al-Ashraf, 274
Damietta:
besieged and captured by the Franks (1218-19), 256-9;
fortified by the Franks, 259-60, 264;
battles outside the city, 261;
unsuccessful peace negotiations, 262;
Damietta cut off, 262-3;
peace made and Damietta yielded to the Muslims (1221), 263-5; falls to King Louis after being abandoned (1249), 285-6; surrendered to the Muslims (1250), 299-300
Dawu? d ibn Suqma? n of Hisn Kaifa, 55
de Meynard, Barbier, xx
Dhail ta'ri? kh Dimashq (Appendix to the History of Damascus), (Ibn al-Qala? nisi), xxvi Duqa? q ibn Tutu? sh, Seljuqid Lord of Damascus, 7:
defeats the Franks (1100), 14; and siege of Tripoli, 15
Edessa, 18, 21-2:
captured by Zangi (1144), 49-53
Fakhr ad-Din al-Muqri al-Hajib, Ami? r, 337
Fakhr ad-Din Aya? z, 331
Fakhr ad-Din ibn ash-Shaikh, Ami? r, 267, 279-80:
negotiations with Emperor Frederick over Jerusalem, 270; letters from the Emperor, 280-3;
and St. Louis' Crusade, 285, 286;
sends letter to Cairo calling people to join Holy War, 288; killed at Mansura (1250), 290
Fakhr ad-Din ibn Luqma? n, 294, 304
Fakhr al-Mulk ibn 'Amma? r, Ami? r of Tripoli, 14-15, 25 Faris ad-Din, Ata-beg, 309
Faris ad-Din Aqtay, 297
Fatimids:
Caliphs of Egypt, xii, xxviii, 4; commanders in Palestine, xii
Index 215
216 Index
Fifth Crusade, xiii, xxxii, 255-66 First Crusade, xvii-xviii, xxvi, 3-55 Fourth Crusade, 255
Franks, the:
and marital jealousy, 77-8; arrival of women, 204-7; cavalry, 73-4;
medicine, 76-7; orientalized, 78-9;
piracy, 74-6
Frederick Barbarossa, 208;
his Crusade and death (1190), 209-10;
adventures of remainder of his army, 209-10 Frederick II, Emperor, xiii, xix, xxxii, xxxiii, 267-83:
arrives and settles at Acre (1228), 267-9; negotiations with al-Kamil, 269-71; Jerusalem yielded to him on terms, 269-70; visits Jerusalem, 271-2, 274-5;
returns home, 273;
later relations with Ayyubids, 276-7;
and the Pope, 278-83;
two Arabic letters written by him, 280-3; death (1250), 277
Fulk, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, 40, 42, 73-4, 80-3
Gerard of Ridfort, Grand Master of the Temple, 123, 133, 139, 189 Godfrey of Bouillon, 8:
killed before Acre (1100), 13 Guy de Lusignan, 213, 228, 240:
marries Queen Sibylla, 115;
she abdicates in his favour, 115; captured at Hittin, 123-4, 133-4; imprisoned, 139, 143
Haifa taken by the Franks (1100), 14 Harra? n:
Frankish drive on, 18;
occupied by Chekermish (1104), 20 Henry, Count of Champagne, 232:
governor of Tyre, 239-41;
marries Conrad de Montferrat's widow, 240, 241; conciliation with Saladin, 242
Heraclius, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 139, 147, 158, 182; removes treasures from the city, 144, 162
Hila? l as-Sabi, xxvi
Hisn al-Akra? d ('Krak des Chevaliers'):
besieged by Saint-Gilles (1102), 16, 316; taken by Tancred (1109-10), 26;
history of, 316-17;
besieged and captured by Baibers (1271), 317-19, 339
Hittin, battle of (1187), xiii, xvi, 112, 114, 121-5, 131-3, 135-7, 140:
capture of the 'True Cross', 122, 136-7 Hohenstaufens, the, xiv, 267-83
Honfroi of Baniya? s, see Humphrey of Toron Hospitallers, 334, 339, 348:
in fighting near Acre (1187), 116-17; at battle of Hittin, 123, 124, 133; slaughtered by Saladin, 138-9
Hugh II, King of Cyprus, 312-13 Hugh III, King of Cyprus, 313:
invited to Acre, 313;
negotiations with Baibars, 313-16; truce signed, 315-16
Hugh of Brienne, 313
Hugh of Juba? il, 123, 133, 139
Hugh of Revel, Grand Master of the Hospital, 318 Hulagu, King of the Mongols, 308
Humphrey of Toron, 66, 123, 133, 139, 143, 159, 229, 232 Husa? m ad-Din Abu l'-Haija? the Fat, 186
Husa? m ad-Din Bishara, 226:
takes oath to al-Abdal, 249
Husa? m ad-Din ibn Laji? n, 192
Husa? m ad-Din Lu'lu' al-Hajib, see Lu'lu'
Husa? m ad-Din Muhammad ibn Abi 'Ali, governor and vizier of Cairo, 291, 293, 297;
negotiations with King Louis, 298-9
Ibn 'Abd az-Zahir, biographies of Mamlu? k sultans, xv, xxxiii, xxxiv, xxxvi, 307-12, 314-16, 323-31
Ibn Abi t-Tayy, Shi'ite historian of Aleppo, xxxi, xxxiv, 87, 316
Ibn ad-Danishma? nd Tailu? , Prince of Malatia:
captures Bohemond (1100), 13;
defeats the Franks and captures Malatia, 13; releases Bohemond on payment of ransom, 14-15
Ibn al-'Arid, 15
Ibn al-Athi? r, xv, xx, xxvii-xxviii, xxx, 3-23, 41-3, 49-55, 59-62, 64, 87, 114-25, 139-46, 176-91, 209-12, 238, 241-2, 255-64:
true historian, xix-xx
Ibn al-Fura? t, xv, xxiv, 307, 312-14, 316-19, 331-3
Ibn al-Janzi, xxxii
Ibn al-Jawali, 219
Ibn al-Muqaddam of Shaizir, 23 3
Ibn al-Qala? nisi, xvi, xxvi-xxviii, xxx, 3, 24-35, 38-9, 41, 44-50, 56-9, 64-8:
chronicle of Northern Syria, xv, xxvi;
first-hand experience of First and Second Crusades, xxvi Ibn an-Nahha? l, 225
Ibn 'Asakir, 316, 317
Ibn az-Zaki, Qadi of Damascus, 250
Ibn Hassu? n, Baibers' admiral, 320 Ibn Kathir, 319
Index 217
218 Index
Ibn Munqidh, see Usama
Ibn Suqma? n of Khila? t, 55
Ibn Wasil, xv, xix, xxxi-xxxii, xxxiv, 255, 264-73, 276-80
Ibrahim ibn Turghu? t, defeated and killed by Raymond of Antioch (1140), 46-7 Iftikha? r ad-Daula, Egyptian governor of Jerusalem, 10
Ilghazi, Ami? r of Mardi? n:
musters army against Franks (1119), 36; raids Frankish territory, 36;
surprises Franks at Bala? t, 37-8
'Ima? d ad-Din, xvii, xxvii, xxix-xxx:
biography of Saladin, xv, xviii, xxx, 87, 114, 125-39, 140-75, 182, 204-7, 225, 234-40
'Ima? d ad-Din Zangi ibn Maudu? d ibn Zangi, 200 'Iqd al-Juma? n (Al-'Aini), xxxv
Isa, governor of Jerusalem, 188:
at siege of Acre, 193, 195
Isma'i? l al-Mukabbis, killed in siege of Acre, 193 Isma 'ilite sect (Assassins), xxxi, 238, 241, 318, 319,
see also Batinite sect
Ispahba? d Sabau, 23
'Izz ad-Din Arsil, 219
'Izz ad-Din ad-Dubaisi, Ami? r, 54
'Izz ad-Din Aibek the Turcoman, military commander under Shajar ad-Durr, 298 'Izz ad-Din al-Aqram, 319
'Izz ad-Din ibn Maudu? d ibn Zangi, 200 'Izz ad-Din ibn al-Muqaddam, 105, 226 'Izz ad-Din ibn Jurdi? k, 92, 219-20:
commander of Acre, 181
'Izz ad-Din Isa ibn Malik, 141
'Izz ad-Din Ma'n, Ami? r, killed in siege of Tripoli, 343
Jala? l ad-Din ibn 'Ala? 'ad-Din Khwarizimsha? h, 268 Jama? l ad-Daula Iqba? l, 248
Jama? l ad-Din Ami? r of Damascus:
defeated by Zangi (1139-40), 44; negotiations for agreement, 44-8, 80-2; illness and death (1140), 45
Jama? l ad-Din ibn al-Jauzi, 272
Jama? l ad-Din ibn Yaghmu? r, 302
Jama? l ad-Din ibn Yahya ibn Matru? h, 294-5 Jama? l ad-Din Muhsin as-Sa? lihi, 294
Jana? h ad-Daula of Hims, 7-9:
makes treaty with the Franks, 9; defeats Franks (1100), 14;
and siege of Tripoli, 15; murdered, 16, 316
Jawali? , Turkish Ami? r, 20-3:
frees Baldwin and Joscelin (1108), 20-1; receives ransom from Baldwin, 22;
plot against Aleppo, 22;
defeated by Tancred at Tall Bashir, 22-3
Jerusalem:
capitulates to Egyptians (1096), 10;
besieged by the Franks, 10-11;
captured (1099), 11;
inhabitants slaughtered, 11;
Dome of the Rock stripped, 11;
the Templars at Jerusalem, 80;
reconquered by Saladin, 139-61;
siege of the city, 140-1, 154-6;
negotiations and surrender, 141-3, 156-8, 160-1; treasures removed, 144;
Saladin restores the city, 144-5, 164-75, 178;
the Church of the Resurrection, 148-51; description of the city, 151-4;
condition of Franks on their departure, 161-3 5 Dome of the Rock restored, 168-72;
Oratory of David, 173-4;
closure of Christian churches, 174;
madrasas instituted, 174;
yielded to Emperor Frederick on terms, 269-70; Muslims leave the city, 270-1;
Frederick's visit, 271-2, 274-5;
grief in Damascus at loss of Jerusalem, 272-4
John, King of Brienne, 282, 284
Joscelin, Prince of Tall Bashir, Frankish knight:
hostage for Baldwin of Edessa, 21; released (1108), 21;
captures Manbij, 21;
at battle of Tall Bashir, 23;
flees, 23;
and siege of Beiru? t, 26
Joscelin II, Prince of Edessa, 49, 51
Kama? l ad-Din, chronicle of Mesopotamia, xv, xxviii, 36-8
Kama? l ad-Din ibn Shith, 314, 315
Kamil at-Tawarikh (Ibn al-Athi? r), xxvii
Kawasi? l, Armenian ally of Baldwin of Edessa, 22
Kerbuqa? , Ami? r of Mosul, defeated by the Franks outside Antioch (1098), 7-8 Khali? l al-Hakkari, killed at siege of Acre, 188
Khushtari? n Husa? in al-Hakkari, 249
Kita? b al-'Asa (The Book of the Stick) (Usama), xxix
Kita? b al-Bulda? n (Usama), 317
Kita? b al-I'biba? r (Usama's autobiography), xv, xvii, xxviii-xxix, 73-83 Kita? b ar-Randata? in (The Book of the Two Gardens), (Abu Shama), xxx, 87 Kita? b as-sulu? k (al-Maqrizi), xxxiv
'Krak des Chevaliers', see Hisn el-Akra? d
Leo, King of Lesser Armenia, 210 Louis, Duke of Bavaria, 263
Index 219
220 Index
Louis IX (St. Louis), King of France, xix, xxxii, 280, 314: Crusade (1249-50), 276-8, 284-302;
arrives in Egypt, 284, 301;
correspondence with as-Salih, 300-1;
takes Damietta, 285-6;
advances against the Muslims, 288;
battles at Mansura and ultimate Muslim victory, 289-92; Frankish fleet attacked and crippled by Muslim fleet, 292-3; Franks routed by Muslims, 293-4;
Louis surrenders and is imprisoned at Mansura, 294; negotiations with Husa? m-ad-Din, 298-9;
Damietta surrendered and Louis freed, 299-300;
leaves for home, 300;
in Tunisia (1270), 303-4;
dies there, 303
Lu'lu', Ami? r, 191, 192
Madrasas instituted in Jerusalem, 174
Maimu? n al-Qasri, 249
Majd ad-Dinibu 'Izz ad-Din Farruksha? h, ruler of Baalbek, 212 Malatia taken from the Franks (1100), 13
Maliksha? h, Sultan, 18, 23n. :
and situation in Syria (1110-11), 28-30
Mallaha, battle of (1157), 66-8
Mamlu? k Sultans, xiii, xviii, xxxi-xxxvi, Part IV passim:
biographies of, xv, xxxiii
Manaqib Rashid ad-Din, xxxi, 242-5 Manfred, Emperor, 267, 268, 276, 277:
excommunicated by the Pope for Muslim leanings, 278;
captured and put to death, 280 Mansura:
battles between Muslims and King Louis and ultimate Muslim victory, 289-92;
letter of Sultan Turansha? h after victory, 302
Maqrizi, xv, xxxiv, 284, 300-4, 307, 323, 342-3
Maraqiyya, besieged and captured by Qalawu? n, 338-41
Marital jealousy, the Franks and, 77-8
Mas'u? d, Seljuqid Sultan of Iconium, 55, 75
Maudu? d, Ami? r of Mosul, 55
Medicine, Frankish, 76-7
Michaud, xx
Mir'a? t az-zama? n (The Mirror of the Times), (Sibt Ibn al-Jauzi), xxxii Mufarrij al-Kuru? b (Ibn Wasil), xxxi-xxxii
Muhammad al-Isfahani, 18
Muhammad ibn Laji? n, nephew of Saladin, 117
Muhammad ibn Maliksha? h, see Maliksha? h
Muhyi ad-Din ibn 'Abd az-Zahir, see Ibn 'Abd az-Zahir
Muhyi ad-Din ibn az-Zahi, qadi of Damascus, no, 144-5, 169, 252 Mu'i? n ad-Daula Suqma? n, see Suqma? n
Mu'i? n ad-Din Unur, Ami? r, 41, 80, 81, 83, 84;
besieges and takes Baniya? s (1140), 47;
and siege of Damascus (1148), 56-8, 60-1 Mujahid ad-Din Baranqash, 192
Mujalli ibn Marwa? n, 192:
killed in siege of Acre, 187, 195
Muji? r ad-Din Abaq, see Abaq
Mukhtasar ta'ri? kh al-Bashar (Abu l-Fida? ), xxxv Munqidh, ruler of Shaizar, 9
Muslim historians xiv-xxi, xxvi-xxxvii:
and Christianity, xvii;
biographies, xv;
chronicles of cities and regions, xv; compared with Christian counterparts, xix; descriptions of warfare, xvi;
faithful characterization, xix;
general histories, xv;
on Muslim heroes, xvii-xix
Muslim, use of term, xiv
Muzaffar ad-Din ibn Zain ad-Din, Prince of Harra? n and Edessa, 117:
at siege of Acre, 185, 192-3 Muzaffar ad-Din of Arbela, 268
Najm ad-Din, see Ilghazi
Najm ad-Din, Grand Master of the Isma'ilites, 318, 319
Najm ad-Din ibn Isra'i? l, 302
Najm ad-Din ibn Shaikh al-Isla? m, 284
Nasir ad-Din of Sahyu? n, 249
Nicholas Lorgue, Grand Master of the Hospital, 326
Nur ad-Din (Norandin), Ata-beg of Mosul and Sultan of Aleppo (1117-74), xiii, xviii, xix, xxvii, 49, 61, 74-5, 145, 181, 317:
and defence of Damascus (1157), 64-5; capture of Baniya? s, 65-6;
battle of Mallaha, 66-8;
death, 68-70;
appearance and characteristics, 70-1; his justice, 71;
as warrior, 71-2;
public works, 72
Nushirwa? n az-Zarzari, 249
Odo Poilechien, bailli of Acre, 326
Old Man of the Mountain, the, 238, 241-5
Pelagius, 284
Philip II Augustus, King of France, 242:
arrival at Acre, 182, 207, 212-13;
negotiations for surrender of Acre, 218-19 Philip of Alsace, Count of Flanders, 213 Philip of Milly, 159
Index 221
222 Index
Qaimaz an-Najmi, 117, 138: at siege of Acre, 192, 219
Qalawu? n, Mamlu? k sultan, xvi, xxxiii, 307, 316, 323-44: treaty with Templars in Tortosa (1282), 323-6; treaty with Acre (1283), 326-33;
oaths taken by the Sultan and the Franks, 331-3; besieges and takes al-Marqab (1285), 334-8;
siege and capture of Maraqiyya, 338-41; siege and capture of Tripoli (1289), 341-3; death, 344
Qara Arslan, 96
Qaraja, governor of Harra? n, 18
Qaraqu? sh, commander and governor of Acre, 199, 217
Qilij Arsla? n ibn Qutlumi? sh ibn Selju? q, and Barbarossa's Crusade, 209-11 Qilij Arsla? n ibn Sulaima? n ibn Qutlumi? sh, 5;
defeats Saint-Gilles, 14
Qura? n, the, and Qura? nic studies, 89-90:
restored to Jerusalem, 164, 169-70
Qutb ad-Din an-Na? sawi, 71-2
Qutb ad-Din an Nisaburi, ima? m, compiles catechism for Saladin, 88
Qutba ad-Din ibn Nur-ad-Din, 192
Qutb ad-Din Maliksha? h ibn Qilij Arsla? n, and Barbarossa's Crusade, 209-10
Ramada? n, observance of, 89
Rashid ad-Din Sina? n, Grand Master of the Assassins (Old Man of the Mountain), 238, 241-5 Raymond, Count, ruler of Tripoli, 114, 120, 130, 138:
regent for Baldwin V, 115;
stripped of his authority, 115; establishes relations with Saladin, 115; reconciled with the Franks, 118-19;
at siege of Tyre, 176
Raymond of Antioch (Raymond of Poitiers), 46-7
Recueil des Historiens des Croisades, xx
Reinaud, xx
Reynald of Cha^tillon, see Arnat of al-Kurak
Richard I, King of England (Coeur de Lion), xix, 107-8, 182, 208, 225, 239, 242, 344:
takes possession of Cyprus (1191), 213;
arrival at Acre, 213-14;
massacres Muslim prisoners, 223-4;
peace with Saladin (1192), xvi, 225-7, 229-34, 237; and assassination of Conrad of Montferrat, 238-41; assumes control of Tyre, 239
Ridwa? n of Aleppo, 22
Roger des Moulins, Grand Master of the Hospital, 117 Roger of Antioch, defeated and killed at Bala? t (1119), 36-9 Roger the Frank, conqueror of Sicily, 3-4
Rukn ad-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari:
assassinates al-Mu'azzam Turansha?
h, 296-7
Rukn ad-Din Mankuras al-Farqani, Ami? r, killed in siege of Tripoli, 343 Rukn ad-Din Taqsu? al-Mansuri, 341
Rumi, Byzantine, xiv
Ruzbih, cuirass-maker, betrays Antioch, 6
Sabi? h al-Mu'a? zzami, 294
Sabiq ad-Din, 105, 221, 226, 249
Sa'd ad-Din Mas'u? d, 248
Saif ad-Din, Ami? r of Sahyu? n, 318
Saif ad-Din 'Ali al-Mashtu? b, 233, 259:
and siege of Acre, 192, 217; undertakes negotiations, 218-19; plots to depose al-Kamil, 257-8
Saif ad-Din Balba? n al-Tabukhi, 343
Saif ad-Din Ghazi, ruler of Mosul, and siege of Damascus (1148), 60-1 Saif ad-Din Qaraqu? sh, see Qaraqu? sh
Saif ad-Din Yazkug, 193
Saint-Gilles, Bertrand of (son of Raymond), 24, 25, 316:
and siege of Beirut, 26
Saint-Gilles, Raymond of, Count of Toulouse, 8, 24: besieges Tripoli, 14-15, 17;
captures Tortosa, 15;
besieges Hisn al-Akra? d, 16, 316, 317;
captures Hims and besieges Acre, 16;
captures Juba? il, 17
Saj' (rhymed prose), xv
Saladin, xii, xxi, xxvii-xxxii, xxxiv, 64, 69:
rise to power, xiii;
biographies of, xv, xvii-xix, xxix, xxx, 87;
all-round portrait, 87-113;
and the Pilgrimage, 89;
and the Qura? n, 89-90;
and ramada? n, 89;
character, 87-93;
courage and steadfastness, 97-9;
determination to win merit in God's eyes, 105;
endurance, 102-5;
examples of his humanity and forgiveness, 105-9, 114, 203-4; generosity, 96-7, 109-11;
justice and its administration, 93-6;
man of faith, 87-93;
patience under suffering, 105;
qualities of mercy and pity, 111, 113;
unfailing goodness, 109-13;
zeal in the Holy War, 99-102,
establishes relations with Raymond and other Franks, 115; and Prince Arna? t, 112, 115-17, 123-4, 133-4;
calls the provinces to arms (1187), 116;
invades Frankish territory, 118-19, 125-9;
siege and capture of Tiberias, 120, 124, 129-30, 137-8;
battle of Hittin, 121-5, 131-3, 135-7;
slaughters Templars and Hospitallers, 138-9;
Index 223
224 Index
conquers Ascalon, 139;
reconquest of Jerusalem, 139-61;
advances on Jerusalem, 139-40, 146-7;
siege of the city, 140-1, 154-6;
negotiations and surrender, 141-3, 156-8, 160-1; restoration of Jerusalem, 144-5, 164-75, 178; unsuccessful siege of Tyre, 176-81;
and siege of Acre, 182;
desists from attacking the Franks, 184-5;
battles before Acre (1189), 185-9, 192-6;
illness and withdrawal from Acre, 190, 197-8;
and Barbarossa's Crusade, 211;
summons to the Holy War, 214-15;
and last attack on Acre, 215-19;
and fall of Acre, 223, 346;
truce with Richard I (1192), xvi, 225-37;
treaty signed, 233-4, 237;
and assassination of Conrad of Montferrat, 238, 241; negotiations with Grand Master of the Assassins, 241-5; illness and death (1193), 246-52
Salim ibn Malik, ruler of Ja'bar, 21
Sarim ad-Din al-Ka? firi, 319
Sarim ad-Din Qaima? z an-Najmi, see Qaima? z an-Najmi
Saru? j, captured by the Franks (1100), 14
Second Crusade, xxvi, 56-84
Seljuqid Ata-begs, the, xii, xiii, 4
Shafi 'al-'Asqalani, xxxiii
Shajar ad-Durr, Princess, becomes titular ruler of Egypt, 297-8
Shams ad-Daula Chekermish, see Chekermish
Shams ad-Daula ibn Ayyu? b, 70
Shams ad-Din, qadi of Nablus, and Emperor's visit to Jerusalem, 271, 272, 275 Shams ad-Din Aqsunqur al-Farqani, Ami? r, 308
Shams ad-Din Sunqur, 249
Shibl ad-Daula Nasr ibn Mirda? s, 316
Shiha? b ad-Din, 284
Shuja? ad-Din Jurdi? k al-Muzaffari an-Nuri, 265-6
Sibt Ibn al-Janzi, xv, xxxii, xxxiv, 56, 62-3, 267, 273-5:
preaches in Damascus on loss of Jerusalem to the Emperor, 272-4 Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem:
marries Guy de Lusignan and abdicates in his favour, 115;
set at liberty by Saladin, 143, 159 Sicily conquered by the Franks (1091), 3 Sidon:
besieged and captured by the Franks (1110), 27-8;
surrendered by the Franks (1249), 287
Sira? j ad-Din Urmani, qadi of Asia Minor, visits Emperor Frederick and writes book on logic for him, 276
Sirat al-Malik az-Zahir (biography of Baibars), xxxiii
Stephanie, Princess, 143, 159
Sulaima? n ibn Artu? q, 7, 8
Sulaima? n ibn Mubarak ibn Shibl, 38 Sunqu? r al-Ushaqi, 219
Sunqu? r Diraz, 23
Suqma? n:
defeated near Saru? j (1100), 14;
defeats Franks on river Bati? kh (1104), 19-20
Taj ad-Daula Tutu? sh, Lord of Jerusalem, 10 Taj ad-Din Ibn bint al-A'azz, 291
Tall Bashir, battle of (1109), 22-3
Tami? m ibn Mu'izz, Zirid Ami? r of Tunisia, 4 Tancred of Antioch, 24:
struggle with Baldwin over possession of Edessa, 21-2; restores Edessa to Baldwin, 22;
and battle of Tall Bashir (1109), 22-3;
takes Baniya? s and Juba? id on terms, 25;
takes Shaizar and Hisn al-Akra? d (1109-10), 26, 316 Taqi ad-Din, nephew of Saladin, 94, 105, 171:
at battle of Hitti? n, 122;
at siege of Tyre, 179;
at siege of Acre, 185, 187, 192-4
Taqi-ad-Din al-Maqrizi, see Maqrizi
Taqwi? m al-bulda? n, xxxv
Ta'ri? kh ad-duwal (Ibn al-Fura? t), xxxiv
Ta'ri? kh Mansuri (A Mansurite History), xxxii-xxxiii, 280-3 Tashri? f al-ayya? m, xxxiii, 334-41
Templars, the, xiv, 117-18, 348:
at Jerusalem, 79-80;
at battle of Hittin, 124, 125, 133, 136; slaughtered by Saladin, 138-9;
treaty with Qalawu? n at Tortosa (1282), 323-6
Teutonic Hospitallers, 348
Third Crusade, xiii, xvi, xxi, Part II passim
Tiberias, besieged and captured by Saladin (1187), 120, 124, 129-30 137-8 Tiberias, Countess of (Eschiva, Countess of Bures), 114, 124, 130, 137-8 Todros ibn as-Safi (Theodore of Sophianos), Greek commander of, Antioch, 79 Tortosa, treaty between Qalawu? n and Templars in (1282), 323-6
Tripoli:
besieged by the Turks (1102), 15;
besieged and captured (1109), 24-6;
Egyptian fleet arrives too late, 26;
abandoned by Baibars, 307-8;
besieged and captured by Qalawu? n (1289), 341-3
Tugha? n Arstan ibn Dimla? j, Ami? r of Arzan, 37
Tughtiki? n, Ata-beg of Damascus, xiii, xviii, xxvi, 7, 60, 316:
comes to assistance of Tyre (1111-12), 30;
at siege of Tyre, 30-5;
musters army against Franks (1119), 36, 38-9; death (1128), 41
Tyre:
Index 225
226 Index
besieged (1111-12), 30-5; attacks on the city, 32-4; Franks withdraw, 34;
city rebuilt, 35;
besieged by Saladin (1187), 176-82;
Egyptian galleys defeated by Franks, 179;
Saladin withdraws, 180-1;
Franks muster at Tyre and march on Acre (1189), 183-4; surrenders to al-Ashraf (1291), 346, 353
'Umar al-Khilati, merchant, justly treated by Saladin, 94-6 Usuma ibn Munqidh, Ami? r of Shaizar, xxxv:
autobiography, xv, xvii, xxviii-xxix, 73-83; Kitab al'Asa, xxix, 83-4;
Kitab al-Bulda? n, 317
William Jiba? , 81
William of Beaujeu, Grand Master of the Temple, treaty with Qalawu? n, 323, 325, 326 William of Tyre, xvii, xx
Yaghi Siya? n, ruler of Antioch, 5-7, 15: flees from the Franks (1098), 6; put to death, 7
Yakhu? z, Ami? r, and siege of Tripoli, 15
Yildirim al-Yaqubi, 117
Yusuf al-Findalawi, Ima? m, killed at Damascus (1148), 57, 60, 62-3
Zahi? r ad-Din, see Tughtiki? n
Zahi? r ad-Din ibn al-Bulunkari, 192; killed in siege of Acre, 187, 195
Zain ad-Din, Ami? r, 293
Zain ad-Din Abu l-Hasan 'Ali ibn Naja, 168
Zain ad-Din Kitbugha? al-Mansuri, Ami? r, 345
Zain ad-Din Yusuf of Arbela, 200
Zangi, Ata-beg of Mosul, xiii, xvi, xviii, xix, xxvii, 41-55, 60, 64:
man of destiny for Isla? m, 41;
besieges and takes Ba'ri? n (1137), 42-3;
takes Ma'arra and Kafarta? b, 43;
generous treatment of people of Ma'arra, 43; prepares for siege of Damascus (1139-40), 44; his victory outside the city, 44;
negotiations for agreement, 44-5;
second battle outside city, 47;
capture of Edessa (1144), 49-53;
death (1146), 53;
eulogy of him, 53-5
Zangid dynasty, xviii, xxvii, xxxii, 41 Zubdat al-halab (Kama?
