No More Learning

He received honorary degrees from the Univer.
sities of Cambridge and Edinburgh, and was
made D. C. L. by Oxford. *
Tyng, Stephen Higginson. A prominent
American clergyman, long rector of St. George's
Church, New York; born in Newburyport,
Mass. , March 1, 1800; died in Irvington, N. Y. ,
Sept. 4, 1885. For several years he edited the
Episcopal Recorder, the Protestant Church-
man, etc. , and he published in book form many
volumes; among them : Lectures on the Law
and Gospel (1832 ); Sermons) (1839-52 );
(Recollections of England (1847); “The Israel
of God' (1854); (Christ Is All (1852); “The
Rich Kinsman) (1856); Forty Years' Experi-
ence in Sunday Schools) (1860); 'The Prayer
Book) (1863-67).
Tyrtæus (tir-tē'us). A Greek lyric poet;
he flourished at the time of the second Messe-
nian war in the latter half of the seventh cen-
tury B. C. Fragments only of his poems have
been preserved. *
Tyrwhitt, Thomas (ter'it). An English
classical scholar and writer; born in London,
March 29, 1730; died there, Aug. 15, 1786.
Among his works are : "Observations on Some
Passages of Shakespeare (1760); a celebrated
edition of Chaucer (1773); editions of Isæus's
(Orphical and Aristotle's Poetics); critical
dissertations on Babrius, Euripides, Aristoph-
anes, and Strabo. He was the original editor
of Rowley's Poems, for which he furnished
a preface and glossary, and subsequently added
an appendix to prove that they were written
by Chatterton.
Tytler, Alexander Fraser, Lord Wood-
houselee. A Scottish historical writer; born
in Edinburgh, Oct. 15, 1747 ; died there Jan. 5.
1813. He wrote, besides many other works,
“Essay on the Principles of Translation (1791-
1813); (The Elements of General History,
Ancient and Modern) (1801), which was long
an authoritative text-book; Life of Lord
Kames) (1807); and Life of Petrarch (1810).
Tytler, Patrick Fraser. A Scottish histo-
rian and biographer, son of Alexander F. ; born
in Edinburgh, Aug. 30, 1791 ; died at Great
Malvern, England, Dec. 24. 1849. His prin-
cipal works were : Lives of James Crichton
of Cluny, commonly called “The Admirable
Crichton” (1819), Sir Thomas Craig of Ric-
carton (1823), and John Wicklyff (1826); "Scot-
tish Worthies) (1832-33); (Sir Walter Raleigh
(1833); (An Historical View of the Progress of
Discovery on the Northern Coasts of America,
etc. (1832); (History of Scotland from 1149 to
the Union of the Crowns in 1613' (9 vols. ,
1828-43; 5th ed. 1866).
Tzetzes, Joannes (tzet'zes). A Greek gram-
marian and poet; born about 1110; died about
1180. Among his works are: (The Book of
Histories, a philosophico-historical didactic
poem; (Iliacs, a poem in continuation of
Homer's Iliad ; and several other poetical com-
positions.
Tzschirner, Heinrich Gottlieb (chēr'ner).
A German theological writer; born at Witt-
weida in Saxony, Nov. 14, 1778; died February
1828, at Leipsic, where he was professor of the.
ology. He wrote: (Protestantism and Cathol.
icism from the Standpoint of Politics (4th ed.
1824); (The Fall of Gentilism' (1829); and a
continuation of Schröckh's Church History
U
Ubaldini, Petruccio (ö-bäl-dē'nē). An Ital.
ian historian; born at Florence, about 1524;
died at London, about 1600. He wrote : "Life
of Charlemagne (1581); “Description of Scot-
land and its Isles) (1588); "Lives of Illustrious
Ladies of England and Scotland (1591); Pre-
cepts, Moral, Political, and Economic) (1592).
Uberti, Fazio (or Bonifacio) degli (ö-băr'tē).
An Italian poet; born in Florence; died about
1367. He was a grandson of Uberti, one of
the Florentine leaders of the Ghibelline faction,
and was driven into exile by the Guelphs. He
wrote an unfinished descriptive poem called
(The News of the World, which was quite
celebrated.
Ubicini, Jean Henri Abdolonyme (ü-bē.
sē-nē'). A French publicist; born at Issou-
dun, 1818; died at Vernon-sur-Brenne, Oct. 27,
1884. He wrote: (Memoirs Justifying the Rou-
manian Revolution) (1849); (The Eastern


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UCHARD- UJESKI
537
Question Confronting Europe) (1854); "The
Serbs in Turkey) (1865); ' Eastern Rumelia since
the Treaty of Berlin) (1880); “Sources of Roman
History) (1886).
Uchard, Bernardin, Seigneur de Monspey
(ü-shär'). A French poet of the first half of
the 17th century. He is noted for two poems
written in Southern French patois : (The Groans
of the Poor Farm Laborer over the Dread He
Has of War) (1615), and “The Woman of Pied-
mont) (1619).
Uchard, Mario. A French playwright and
story-writer; born at Paris, Dec. 28, 1824; died
there, July 31, 1893. Among his dramatic com-
positions are: (The Husband's Return (1858);
(Second Youth) (1859); (A Burgomaster's Pros-
perity) (1864); (The Charmers) (1864). His
novels include : (Raymon) (1862); «Gertrude's
Marriage) (1862); (Countess Diana! (1864);
(A Last Passion) (1866); (My Uncle Barbas-
sou) (1876); (My Cousin Antoinette) (1891).
Uda, Felice (ö'dä). An Italian poet and
publicist, brother of Michele; born at Cagli.
ari in Sardinia, Feb. 25, 1832. He wrote:
(Wishes and Hopes) (1852), a volume of verses,
and Memories and Affections) (1862), both of
which were received with great favor; also
(Literary Sketches) (1863); a series of essays
on Leopardi and Poerio); (Dante and Mod-
ern Poetry); the comedies (The Heart and
the Age and (Every-Day Saints); and (Miguel
Cervantes,' a literary study (1873).
Uda, Michele. An Italian dramatist and
novelist ; born at Cagliari, 1830. At 20 he joined
a band of strolling players, and wrote or
adapted comedies for them. Among his origi-
nal compositions are the comedies (The Wid-
ow's Suitors, played by Ristori with great
success, and Mask and Face); and the dra.
mas (In the Coffin) and “The Workingman
and his Family. His finest work is the brill-
iant comedy (The Renegados) (1858). Among
his novels are A Poor Devil,' and (From Herod
to Pilate. )
Udall, Nicholas (ū'dal). An English dra-
matist; born in Hampshire, in 1506; died in
1564. He was a Fellow of Corpus Christi Col-
lege, Oxford, and master of Eton. His school-
books were very popular; but he is chiefly re-
membered as the author of Ralph Royster
Doyster,' the first regular comedy in the Eng.
lish language, which was certainly in existence
as early as 1551. The best edition is one pre-
pared for the Shakspere Society, by William
Durrant Cooper (1847).
Ueberweg, Friedrich von (ü'ber-veg). A
German philosopher; born in Leichlingen, Jan.
22, 1626; died at Königsberg, June 9, 1871. His
chief works are: (Outline of the History of
Philosophy, published in many editions, the
first 1863-66; and (System of Logic and His-
tory of Logical Science. )
Uechtritz, Friedi (üch'trēts). A German
dramatist and novelist; born at Görlitz, Sept. 12,
1800; died there, Feb. 15, 1875. Among his
tragedies are: (Rome and Spartacus,' and
(Rome and Otto III. (1823); (Alexander and
Darius) (1827); “The Sword of Honor); Rosa-
mund' (1833). His dramatic poem “The Bab.
ylonians in Jerusalem (1836) is notable for
elevation of thought and lyric grandeur. Among
his novels are: (Albrecht Holm (5 vols. , 1851-
53); “The Bride's Brothers) (3 vols. , 1860); and
(Eleazar) (3 vols. , 1867), a story of the great
Jewish war.
Ughelli, Ferdinando (ö-gel'lē). An Italian
historian; born at Florence, 1595; died 1670.
Ile was a Cistercian monk and abbot. His
principal work is (Italia Sacra! (9 vols. ,
1642-48), an account of all the episcopal sees
of Italy, with lists of the bishops and a great
deal of general information regarding the his-
tory of Italy. He wrote also Christian Gaul)
(1656).
Ugoni, Camillo (ö-gõ'nē). An Italian his-
torian of literature; born at Brescia, 1784 ;
died there, 1855. He wrote (Italian Literature
in the Second Half of the 18th Century) (1856).
Uhland, Ludwig. A celebrated German
lyric poet ; born at Tübingen, April 26, 1787 ;
died Nov. 13, 1862. His ballads and songs
are classic; first collected in 1815, the both
edition (1875), posthumous, gathered the pieces
found among his papers. Besides these he
wrote two dramas: (Ernest, Duke of Suabia)
(1817), and "Ludwig the Bavarian (1819). In
prose he wrote: (The Old French Epos) (1812);
(Walther von der Vogelweide) (1822); «The
Myth of Thor, according to Norse Tradition'
(1836). He made a valuable collection of
(Ancient High and Low German Folk Songs
(1844-45). *
Uhlhorn, Gerhard (öl’hôrn). A German
theological writer; bori at Osnabrück, Feb. 17,
1826. Among his works are : (The Grounds
of Tertullian's Chronology) (1852); (The Basi-
lidian System (1855); “Christmas Customs and
Usages) (1869); “The Struggle of Christianity
with Heathenism' (1874); (Catholicism and
Protestantism in Face of the Social Problem
(1887); (The Church's Care of the Poor as
related to the Present Time) (1892).
Uhlich, Leberecht (ö'lich). A German church
reformer; born at Cöthen, Feb. 27, 1799; died
at Magdeburg, March 23, 1872. He founded
th independent ecclesiastical organization
styled “Free Parishes. Among his writings are :
(Christianity and Church' (2d ed. 1846); (The
Little Book of the Kingdom of God! (1845);
( Thrones in Heaven and on Earth (1845).
Ujeski, Corneli (ö-yes'ke). A Polish poet;
born in Galicia, 1823. After terminating his
studies in his native country, he went to Paris,
there devoting himself to the study of ancient
and modern literature. Most of his own poetry
is inspired by love of his country, whose mis-
fortunes he deplores. Among his works are :
(Lamentations of Jeremiah) (1847), considered
one of the masterpieces of Polish literature;


## p. 538 (#554) ############################################

538
UJFALVY – I'LRICI
(The Song of Solomon' (1840); "Odorless
Flowers) (1848); Marathon,' a poem; A Fear-
ful Night); etc. ; as well as collections of shorter
poems.
Ujfalvy, Karl Eugen von (ö-i-fal've), Mező-
Kövesd. An Austrian philologist and anthro-
pologist; born at Vienna, May 16, 1842. He is
author of: (French Scientific Expedition to Rus-
sia, Siberia, and Turkestan) (6 vols. , 1878-80);
(Researches in Biblical Ethnography (1872);
(Anthropological Results of a Visit to Central
Asia' (1880); "Parsees and Brahmins) (1887).
Ujfalvy, Maria, wife of Karl Eugen. She
wrote (From Paris to Samarcand) (1881), and
(Travels of a Parisian in the Western Hima-
layas.
Ukert, Friedrich August (ö’kart). A Ger.
man classical scholar; born at Eutin in Lubeck,
1780; died 1851. Among his writings are :
(How the Ancients Determined Distances)
(1813); "Homer's Geography) (1815); “Geogra-
phy of the Greeks and Romans) (3 vols. , 1816-
46); (Demons, Heroes, and Genii' (1850).
Ulbach, Louis (ül-bak'). A French poet and
political writer; born in Troyes (Aube) in 1822.
He became editor of the Revue de Paris in
1853. He published a volume of poems en-
titled "Gloriana) (1844); several tales; and po-
litical letters distinguished for their verve and
causticity.
Ule, Otto (oʻlė). A German writer on natural
science; born at Frankfort on the Oder, Jan. 22,
1820; died at Halle, Aug. 6, 1876. His principal
works are: (The Universe) (3 vols. , 3d ed.
1859); “Wonders of the Starry World (1861);
( Popular Natural Science) (1865–67); (The
Earth according to its Superficial Phenomena)
(1873-76).
Ulfilas, or Wulila (ul'fi-las). The Gothic
translator of the Bible; born about 310, in the
country of the Goths north of the Danube ;
died about 381, at Constantinople. He was the
first bishop of the Arian Visigoths. He trans-
lated the whole of the Bible, except the books
of Kings, into Gothic. Of this translation there
are extant a considerable part of the Gospels,
Corinthians complete, fragments of the other
epistles and of Ezra and Nehemiah, and a few
passages of Genesis, Ezekiel, and Maccabees.
The most considerable MS. copy, called Codex
Argenteus, is in the library of the University of
Upsala.
Ulliac-Trémandeure, Sophie (ü-yäk'-trā.
mon-der'). A French story-writer; born at
Lorient, 1794; died at Paris, 1862. Among her
stories, all intended for youthful readers, are :
(The Fowler) (1825); (Old Daniel's Sundays )
(1833); (The Little Hunchback) (1833); Mother
Goose's Stories) (1842): some of her stories were
crowned by the Academy. She wrote also (An
Old Woman's Reminiscences) (2 vols. , 1861).
Ullmann, Karl (öl'män). A German theo.
logical writer; born at Epfenbach in the Palati-
nate, March 15, 1796 ; died at Karlsruhe, Jan, 12,
1865. He was appointed professor in the l'ni.
versity of Heidelberg in 1826. Among his works
are : 'Gregory of Nazianzus) (1825); “Reform-
ers before the Reformation (2 vols. , 1841);
(Historical or Mythical ? ' (1838), a critique of
Strauss's (Life of Jesus.
Ulloa, Alfonso de (öl-yo'ä). A Spanish
writer of history who lived in the 16th century;
died about 1580. His principal works are :
"Life of the Emperor Charles V. (1560); Life
of the Emperor Ferdinand) (1565); History
of the Capture of Tripoli in Barbary) (1500);
(History of Europe, 1564-66) (1570).
Ulloa, Antonio de. A Spanish statesman
and writer of history ; born at Seville, Jan. 12,
1716; died near Cadiz, July 5, 1795. He spent
many years in North and South America, and
was governor of Louisiana in 1766. Among his
writings are : (Account of a Voyage to South
America) (1748); (American Notes : Physico-
Historical Talks on South America and Eastern
North America) (1772); (Secret Information
concerning America' (1826), confidential reports
made to the Spanish ministry.
Ulloa, Martin de. A Spanish philologist and
historical writer; born at Seville, 1730; died
at Cordova, 1800. He wrote: Memoir on
the Origin and Genius of the Castilian Lan-
guage) (1760); Dissertation on the Origin of
the Goths) (1781); (Researches on the First In-
habitants of Spain) (1789); (Dissertation on
Duels) (1789).
Ulloa y Pereira, Luis de (öl-yoä' ē pā-rā'ē.
rä). A Spanish poet; born at Toro in Leon,
about 1590; died 1000. His most notable work
is “Rachel (1569), a poem on the amours of
Alfonso VIII, and a fair Jewess of Toledo.
Ulpian (ul'pi-an) — Lat.
Ulpianus (ul-pi-
ā'nus), Domitius. An eminent Roman jurist;
born about 170 A. D. (? ) in Tyre; killed 228 A. D.
Alexander Severus made him his secretary and
prætorian prefect; the prætorian soldiers mu-
tinied and murdered him. He was the author
of a work entitled (Ad Edictum, and other
legal treatises greatly valued, all now lost but
a few fragments.
Ulrich von Lichtenstein (öl'rich fon lich'.
ten-stin). A Middle High German lyric poet;
born about 1200; died about 1275. He belonged
to a noble family of Styria, and was long in-
carcerated as the leader of an unruly faction
there. This principal works are : Court to the
Ladies,' describing his amours and adventures
from 1222 to 1255; and (The Ladies' Book,'
from 1257: both valuable monuments of the
manners and morals of the age.
Ulrici, Hermann (öl-re'tse). A German
scholar, critic, and philosopher; born at Pförte,
Saxony, March 23, 1806; died at Halle, where
he was professor, Jan. II, 1884. He published
in 1833 his "Characteristics of Ancient His.
toriography. This was followed by his "His-
tory of Poetic Art in Greece) (2 vols. , 1835),
and a (Treatise on Shakespeare's Dramatic


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ULSTEDT - URLICHS
539
Art) (1839), which was received with great
favor. His philosophical works include On
the Principle and Method of Hegel's Philoso-
phy) (1841), and (God and Nature) (1862).
Ulstedt, Philipp (öl'stet). A celebrated Ger-
man alchemist of the first half of the 16th cen-
tury. He wrote: “The Philosopher's Heaven;
or, The Secrets of Nature, by Philippus Ul.
stedt, Patrician of Nuremberg' (1528).
Umbreit, Friedrich Wilhelm Karl (öm'brit).
A German theological writer ; born in Saxony,
April 11, 1795; died June 11, 1860. He was pro-
fessor of theology in the University of Heidel-
berg. Among his writings are: Philological,
Critical, and Philosophical Commentary on the
Proverbs of Solomon' (1826); (Fundamental
Points of the Old Testament) (1843).
Umpfenbach, Karl Friedrich (ömp'fen-bäch).
A German political economist; born at Giessen,
June 5, 1832; professor of political economy in
the University of Königsberg. His principal
works are: (Text-Book of the Science of Fi.
nance) (2 vols. , 1859-60); (Doctrine of National
Economy) (1867); (Capital as related to Civ-
ilization' (1879); “Old-Age Insurance and State
Socialism' (1883).
Underwood, Benjamin Franklin. An Amer-
ican editor and author; born in 1839. He was
editor of the Index in Boston; and wrote (In-
fluence of Christianity upon Civilization, and
(Essays and Lectures.
Underwood, Francis Henry. An American
man of letters; born in Enfield, Mass. , Jan. 12,
1825. He was an active abolitionist; clerk of
the Massachusetts Senate in 1852; afterward lit-
erary editor of the publishing-house of Phillips,
Sampson & Co. He assisted in the manage-
ment of the Atlantic Monthly for two years ;
was elected clerk of the superior court in Bos-
ton, which position he held for eleven years.
In 1885 he was appointed United States Consul
at Glasgow ; in 1888 the University of Glasgow
conferred upon him the degree of LL. D. His
works include a (Hand-Book of American Lit-
· erature) (1872); (Cloud Pictures, a series of
imaginative stories musical in theme (1877);
(Lord of Himself, a novel of old times in
Kentucky (1874); Man Proposes) (1880); (The
True Story of Exodus, an abridgment of
Brugsch Bey's work (1880); and biographical
sketches of Longfellow (1882), Lowell (1882),
and Whittier (1883).
Underwood, Lucien Marcus. An American
educator and botanist; born in New York, 1853.
He is professor of botany at Syracuse University
since 1883, and has published: (Systematic
Plant Record) (1881); (Our Native Ferns, and
How to Study Them) (1881); (North American
Hepaticæ) (1884); (Our Native Ferns and
their Allies) (1888).
Unger, Franz (öng'er). An Austrian bota-
nist and palæontologist ; born at Leutschach in
Styria, Nov. 30, 1800; died at Gratz, Feb. 13,
1870. Among his works are : "On the Influence
of Soil on the Distribution of Plants) (1836);
(The Primordial World' (1851); (Anatomy and
Physiology of Plants) (1855); (Scientific Mem-
orabilia of a Tour in Greece and the Ionian
Islands) (1862); (The Island of Cyprus) (1865).
Upham, Charles W. A Unitarian minister
and writer; born in St. John, N. B. , in 1802.
He published Lectures on Witchcraft, etc.
(1831); "Life of Sir Henry Vane) in Sparks's
(American Biography); and made numerous
contributions to the North American Review,
Christian Examiner, and other periodicals.
Upham, Thomas Cogswell. An American
Unitarian clergyman of Salem, Mass. ; born in
Deerfield, N. H. , Jan. 30, 1799; died in New
York city, April 2, 1872. Among his works are:
(Outlines of Imperfect and Disordered Mental
Action) (1840); Life of Madame Guyon,' etc.
(1847); Life of Faith (1848); (American Cot.
tage Life,' a series of poems (1850); "Letters
from Europe, Egypt, and Palestine) (1855);
Life of Catherine Adorna) (1856); and (Christ
in the Soul) (1872).
Upton, George Putnam. An American jour-
nalist and musical critic; born in Roxbury,
Mass. , Oct. 25, 1834; removed to Chicago, 1855,
and has since been identified with musical
journalism. He has published: Letters of
Peregrine Pickle) (1869); (The Great Fire)
(1872); Memories) (translated from Max
Müller, 1879); "Woman in Music, an essay
(1880); "Lives) of Hayden, Liszt, and Wagner
(1883-84); (The Standard Operas) (1885); (The
Standard Oratorios) (1886); (The Standard
Cantatas) (1887); “The Standard Symphonies'
(1888).
Urbanski, Ladislas (ör-bän'ski). A Polish
dramatist and miscellaneous writer; born in
Lithuania, 1796; died at Warsaw, 1857. Among
his more noteworthy writings are: (The Sor.
cerers,' a poem (1831); (Paradoxes against Lib-
erty) (1833); “Venice Saved,' a tragedy (1834);
Poland, Historical, Poetical, and Literary!
(1836); (Sketch of the Manners of Country Peo.
ple) (1841); 'Russia from the Point of View of
European Civilization (1841).
Urfé, Honoré d'. A noted French romance-
writer; born in Marseilles, Feb. II, 1568; died
in Villefranche, June 1, 1625. He is celebrated
for his immensely popular bucolic and allegori-
cal romance (Astrée) (first part, 1610). It in-
troduces us to a sort of ideal world, in which
elegant ladies and gentlemen appear clad as
shepherds and shepherdesses, and make pretty
observations on topics of the period. He left
it unfinished, and the conclusion was supplied
by his secretary.
Urlichs, Ludwig von (örʻliks). A German
archæologist and philologist ; born at Osnabrück,
Nov. 9, 1813; died Nov. 3, 1889, at Würzburg,
where he was professor of classical philology
and of æsthetics. His chief works are : (Char-
lotte von Schiller and her Friends) (3 vols. ,
1860-65); “Contributions to a History of Art


## p. 540 (#556) ############################################

540
URMY – VACQUERIE
:
(1885); Elements and History of Classical
Archæology) (1886).
Urmy, Clarence (Thomas). An American
musician and versiher; born in California, 1858.
He has written «The Rosary of Rhyme, and
(A Vintage of Verses. )
Ursins, Jean Jouvenel des (ür-san'). A
French historian; born 1388, at Paris; died
1473, at Rheims, of which he was archbishop.
His great work is ‘History of Charles VI. and
of the Memorable Things which Happened dur-
ing 42 Years of his Reign, from 1380 to 1422. '
Usener, Hermann Karl (öʻze-ner). A Ger-
man classical philologist; born at Weilburg on
the Lahn, Oct. 13, 1834 ; professor in the Uni-
versity of Bonn. Among his works are : (Phi-
lology and the Science of History) (1882); (An-
cient Greek Versification (1887); (Researches
in the History of Religion (1889); Names of
Gods: An Attempt to Account for Religious
Concepts' (1895).
Ussher, James. An Irish divine and church
historian, archbishop of Armagh, nephew of the
preceding archbishop; born in Dublin, Jan. 4,
1580; died March 21, 1655. He was the first
student of Trinity College, Dublin; ordained
1001. In 1612 he published (The Unbroken
Succession of Christian Churches, Especially
in the West. ' In 1615 he was employed to
draw up the articles for the Irish Established
Church. He corresponded extensively with
European scholars, and employed persons to
visit the East for the purchase of manuscripts;
two of the most valuable obtained were the
Samaritan Pentateuch and the Old Testament
in Syriac. In 1639 he printed his “Antiquities
of the British Churches. His principal other
works are: (Tracts on Episcopacy); (The
Power of the Prince and the Obedience of the
Subject); Annals of the Old and New Testa-
ment,' containing his famous scheme of Biblical
chronology,- followed without authority, by the
printers of the Authorized Version of the Bible.
The volume entitled (A Body of Divinity)
(1654, folio) was compiled without his consent
from his sermons and notes. He was buried
in Westminster Abbey. His library was given
to Trinity College, Dublin.
Ussieux, Louis d' (ü-syė'). A French dram-
atist and historian; born at Angoulême, 1747 ;
died at Chartres, 1805. Among his works are:
(History of the Discovery and Conquest of the
Indies by the Portuguese (1770); “The French
Heroes; or, The Siege of St. -Jean-de-Losne, a
prose drama (1770); «The French Decameron
(2 vols. , 1774).
Ussing, Ludvig. A Danish archæologist; born
at Copenhagen, April 10, 1820. He wrote:
(Greek Travels and Studies) (1857); (Educa-
tion among the Greeks and Romans) (1863);
(Greek and Roman Metre' (1893); (Remarks
on Vitruvius's Work on Architecture (1896).
Usteri, Johann Martin (ös'ter-e). A Swiss
poet; born at Zürich, 1763; died there, July 29,
1827. He excels in narratives and idyls, writ-
ten in the dialect of Zürich ; among these his
(Vicar) holds the foremost place. In High
German he wrote : (Enjoy Life) (1793), which
became a popular song; and a novel, Ad-
ventures of a Züricher) (1877).
Uz, Johann Peter (öts). A German poet;
born at Ansbach, Oct. 3, 1720; died there, May
12, 1796. He wrote several spirited popular
songs and ballads; 'Lyric Poems) (1749); a
comic poem in Alexandrine verse, 'The Victory
of the God of Love); a didactic poem, "The
Art of being Always Cheerful) (1760); and a
number of (Epistles, some of them entirely
in verse.
Uzanne, Louis Octave (ü-zân'). A French
writer on bibliography and miscellaneous sub-
jects; born at Auxerre, Sept. 14, 1852. He was
editor successively of three periodicals devoted
to bibliography, the last being Le Livre Mo-
derne. Among his works are monographs on
(The Fan,' (The Umbrella, etc. ; also "The
Caprices of a Book-Lover) (1877); (Her High-
ness, Woman (1884); (Our Friends, Books:
Talks on Curious Literature) (1886); Modern
Bindings); Physiology of the Quays of Paris)
(1890); “The Bachelor's Prayer-Book) (1890).
V
Vachell, Horace Annesley. A novelist now
residing in California; born in England, 1861.
He was formerly an officer in the English sery-
ice. He has written : ( The Romance of Judge
Ketchum); (The Model of Christian Gay);
(The Quicksands of Pactolus); (An Impending
Sword.
Vacherot, Étienne (väsh-rõ'). A French
philosopher; born at Langres, July 29, 1809.
He wrote a Critical History of the School of
Alexandria) (3 vols. , 1846-51); Democracy)
(1859); “ Metaphysic and Science) (2 vols. , 1858);
(Essays in Critical Philosophy) (1864); (Re-
ligion (1868); "Science and Conscience) (1870);
(The External Policy of the Republic) (1881);
(The New Spiritualism (1884).
Vacquerie, Auguste (väk-re'). A French
dramatist and journalist; born at Villequier in
Seine-Inférieure, Nov. 19, 1819; died at Paris,
Feb. 19, 1895. Besides two volumes of miscel-
laneous poems, he wrote the comedies (Tra-
galdabas) (1848), Man Changes Oft! (1859).
and Jean Baudry) (1863); Jealousy) (18881,
a drama in verse ; (Crumbs of History) (1863);


## p. 541 (#557) ############################################

VAILLANT – VAMBÉRY
541
*
“My Early Years in Paris) (1872); (To-day and
To-morrow) (1875).
Vaillant, François (vi-yan'). A celebrated
French traveler and ornithologist; born in
Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana, in 1753; died near
Sézanne, November 1824. He passed many
years in France and Germany, from 1764 on,
studying the habits of birds. He spent 1780-84
in South Africa, exploring among the Kaffırs,
etc. ; and returning to France, published the
interesting Journey in the Interior of Africa)
(2 vols. , 1790-96). He barely escaped death in
the Terror, 1793. He published a Natural His-
tory of the Birds of Africa (6 vols. , 1796-1812),
and several minor works on birds.
Valdés, Armando Palacio (väl-dās'). A con-
temporary Spanish novelist and critic, residing
at Oviedo, Spain. A representative of the new
realistic school of Spanish fiction, he is best
known to English readers by the powerful
novels (Maximina) (1888) and Sister St. Sul-
pice) (1890), translated by N. H. Dole. Next
in importance are : (The Marquis of Peñalta)
(English translation 1886); (Idyl of an Invalid);
José); (Riverita) (of which Maximina) is a
sequel); (Froth. His critical works include:
(The Athenian Orators); 'Spanish Novelists';
New Journey to Parnassus.
Valdes, Gabriel de la Concepcion (väl'des)
(known as Placido). A Cuban poet (colored);
born in Havana, 1809; died there, June 28, 1844.
He spent his early years in poverty. In 1836
he resided in Matanzas, and published many
poems in newspapers and reviews; some of
them cost him several months' imprisonment.
In 1844 he was falsely accused of implication
in a conspiracy of blacks against whites, and
was shot as a traitor with nineteen others. He
is one of the most popular of Spanish-Ameri-
can poets: his poems have passed through
numerous editions at home and abroad; the
best is his prayer composed on the eve of death
and recited on the way to execution, translated
into English by Mary Webster Chapman.
Valentini, Philipp Johann Joseph. An
American archæologist; born in Pennsylvania,
1828. His studies have been confined to Mex-
ican archæology, among his works being : (The
Landa Alphabet: A Spanish Fabrication);
Mexican Copper Tools); (The Olmecas and
the Tultecas )
Valentinus (val-en-ti'nus). An Alexandrian
gnostic philosopher; died about 160 A. D. Of
the systems of gnosis his is the most profound,
as judged by the fragments of his works con-
tained in the writings of his orthodox Christian
adversaries, and especially in the supposititious
work of Origen, (The Teachings of the Philos-
ophers. )
Valera, Juan. A Spanish poet and novelist;
born at Cabra in the province of Cordova, Oct.
18, 1824. He wrote: “Poems) (1858); Critical
Studies) (1864-84); (Pepita Jimenez, a novel
(1874); (The Illusions of Doctor Faustino)
(1876); (The Commendador Mendoza) (1877);
(Doña Luz) (1878); New Studies) (1884);
(Songs, Romances, and Poems) (1885); 'Stories,
Dialogues, and Fantasies) (1887); (A Good
Reputation' (1895). *
Valerius Antias (va-lēʻri-us an'ti-as). A
Roman annalist who lived in the first century
B. C. He wrote 75 books, sometimes called
(Annals,' sometimes' Histories,' beginning with
the founding of the city of Rome; they survive
only in fragments.
Valerius Cato, Publius. A Latin poet and
grammarian of the first century B. C. He
wrote a short epic, Diana' or 'Dictynna, and
(Lydia,' an erotic poem. To him is ascribed
the authorship of two poems in hexameters,
both styled Portents.
Valerius Maximus. A Roman anecdotist
and rhetorician of the first century A.