No More Learning

Edinburgh, 1733, 12mo. ), Pearce (London, 1721, On his death in A. D. 23, Tiberius honoured him,
4to. , 1732, 8vo. , and often reprinted), and N. although he was a novus homo, with a censor's
Morus (Leipzig, 1769-73, 8vo. ). A collection of funeral, and other distinctions. (Tac. Ann. iv. 15. )
all that is extant of Longinus was published by LONGUS, L. MANLIUS VULSO. (Vulso.
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806
LONGUS.
LONGUS.
LONGUS, L. MU’SSIDIUS, not mentioned | Boii, and in B. c. 191 he served as legate to the
by ancient writers, but whose name frequently consul M. Acilius Glabrio, in his campaign against
occurs on the coins of Julius Caesar and the tri- | Antiochus in Grecce. In B. c. 184 he was an un-
um virs.
successful candidate for the censorship. (Liv. xxxi.
20, xxxii. 27, 29, xxxiii. 24, 26, 43, xxxiv. 42,
45, 46, 47, xxxv. 5, xxxvi. 22, xxxix. 40. ) lle
died B. c. 174. (Liv. xli. 21. )
3. C. SEMPRONIUS LONGUS was elected de
cemvir sacris faciundis in the place of Ti. Sem-
pronius Longus (No. 2], who died in the great
pestilence 1. c. 174. (Liv. xli. 21. ) He may have
been a son of No. 2, and thus succeeded his father
COIN OF MUSSIDIUS LONGUS.
in the pricstly office.
LONGUS, SEMPRONIUS. 1. T). SEN- 4. P. SEMPRONIUS LONGUs, praetor B. C. 184,
rronius C. F. C. n. Longus, consul with P. Cor- obtained further Spain as his province. (Livi
nelius Scipio B. c. 218, the first year of the second | xxxix. 32, 38. )
l'unic war. Sicily was assigned to him as his LONGUS, SULPICIUS. 1. Q. SI'LPICIUS
province, since the Romans did not dream that Longus, one of the consular tribunes B. c. 390, the
Hannibal would be able to cross the Alps, and year in which Rome was taken by the Gauls. He
invade Italy itself. Sempronius accordingly crossed is mentioned two or three times in the legends of
over to Sicily, and began to prosecute the war the period, and is said to have been the tribune
against the Carthaginians with vigour. He con- who made the agreement with Brennus for the
quered the island of Melitr, which was held by a withdrawal of liis troops. (Liv. v. 36, 47, 48 ;
Carthaginian force, and on his return to Lily baeum Diod. xiv. 110; Macrob. Saturn. i. 16. )
was preparing to go in search of the enemy's fleet, 2. C. SULPICIUS SER, F. Q. n. Longus, grand-
which was cruising off the northern coast of Sicily son of the preceding, was a distinguished com-
and Italy, when he was summoned to join his col- mander in the war against the Samnites. He was
league in Italy, in order to oppose Hannibal. As consul for the first time, B. c. 337, with P. Aelius
it was now winter, Sempronius feared to sail Paetus ; for the second time, in B. c. 323, with Q.
through the Adriatic, and, accordingly, he crossed Aulius Cerretanus ; and for the third time, B. C.
over the straits of Messana with his troops, and in 314, with M. Poetelius Libo. In the last year
forty years marched through the whole length of Sulpicius, with his colleague Poetelius, gained a
Italy to Ariminum. From this place he effected a great and decisive victory over the Samnites not
junction with his colleague, who was posted on the far from Caudium ; but it appears from the Tri-
hills on the left bank of the Trebia. As Sempronius umphal Fasti that Sulpicius alone triumphed. (Liv.
was eager for an engagement, and Hannibal was viii. 15, 37, ix. 24–27 ; Diod. xvii. 17, xviii. 26,
no less anxious, a general battle soon ensued, in xix. 73. ) It is conjectured from a few letters of
which the Romans were completely defeated, with the Capitoline Fasti, which are mutilated in this
heavy loss, and the two consuls took refuge within year, that Sulpicius was censor in B. c. 319; and
the walls of Placentia. (Liv. xxi. 6, 17, 51-56 ; we know from the Capitoline Fasti that he was
Polyb. iii. 40, 41, 60—75; Appian, Annib. 6, 7. ) | dictator in B. c. 312.
Sempronius Longus afterwards commanded in LONGUS, M'. TU'LLIUS, consul, B. c. 500,
Southern Italy, and defeated Hanno [HANNO, with Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus in the
No. 15] near Grumentum in Lucania, B. c. 215. tenth year of the republic. For the events of
(Liv, xxiii. 37. ) He was decemvir sacris faciun- the year see CAMERINUS, No. 1. Tullius died in
dis, and died B. C. 210. (Liv. xxvii. 6. )
his year of office. (Liv. ii. 19; Dionys. v. 52 ;
2. Tı. SEMPRONIUS T1. F. C. N. LONGUS, son Zonar. vii. 13; Cic. Brit. 16. )
of the preceding, seems to have been elected de- LONGUS, VEʼLIUS, a Latin grammarian,
cemvir sacris faciundis in place of his father in B. C. known to us from a treatise De Orthographia, still
210, and likewise augur in the same year, in place extant. He was older than Charisius, who refers
of T. Otacilius Crassus. Livy (xxvii. 6) speaks to his writings twice ; first (i. 18. $ 2) to some
of the augur and decem vir as Ti. Sempronius Tï f. work of which the title has not been preserved,
Longus ; and though it is rather strange that he and afterwards (ii. 9. § 4) to notes on the second
should have obtained the augurate before he had book of the Aeneid. In a third reference (ii. 13.
held any of the higher magistracies, yet we must 149) to certain observations on Lucretius, his
suppose him to be the same as the subject of the name is an interpolation. The commentary on
following notice, since Livy gives his name with Virgil is mentioned by Macrobius (Sat. iii. 6) as if
so much accuracy, and we know of no one else of it were one of the earlier compilations of this class
the same name at this time. He was tribune of (hunc multi alii commentatores secuti sunt), is no-
the plebs B. C. 210, curule aedile B. c. 197, and in ticed by Servius also (Ad Virg. Aen. x. 145), and
the same year one of the triumviri for establishing in the collection of scholiasts upon Virgil published
colonies at Puteoli, Buxentum, and various other by Mai at Milan in 1818 from a Verona palimp-
places in Italy ; praetor B. c. 196, with Sardinia as sest. (Suringar, Hist. Scholiast. Lat. p. 184.
)
his province, which was continued to him another The De Orthographia was brought to light by
year; and consul B. c. 194 with P. Cornelius Scipio eorge Merula, and published by Fulvius Ursinus
Africanus. In his consulship he assisted as triumvir in his “ Notae ad M. Varronem de Re Rustica,"
in founding the colonies which had been determined | 8vo. Rom. 1587. It will be found in the “Gram-
upon in B. c. 197, and he fought against the Boji maticae Latinae Auctores Antiqui ” of Putschius,
with doubtful success. In the year after his con- 4to. Hanov. 1605, p. 2214–2:39. [W. R. )
811]ship, B. C. 193, he served as legate to the consu] LOPHON, one of the statuaries, who made
L. Cornelius Merula, in his campaign against the “athletas et armatos et venatores sacrificantesque. "


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LUCANUS.
897
LUCANUS.
M. ANNAEO. LICANO. CORDUBENSI. L'OETAE.
BENEFICIO. NERONIS. FAMA. SERVATA.
a
(Pin. II. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. § 34: the common blood, he felt his extremities becoming chill, but
editions have Leophon. )
[P. S. ) while still retaining full consciousness, he recalled
LOTIS, a nymph, who in her escape from the to recollection and began to repeat aloud some
embraces of Priapus was metamorphosed into a verses which he had once composed descriptive of
tree, called after her Lotis. (Ov. llct. ix. 347, a wounded soldier perishing by a like death, and
&c. )
(L. S. ) with these lines upon his lips expired (A. D. 65).
LOʻXIAS(nosías), a surname of Apollo, which The following inscription which, if genuine, seems
is derived by some from his intricate and ambiguous to have been a tribute to his memory proceeding
oracles (1oá), but it is unquestionably connected from the prince himself, was preserved at no dis-
with the verb néerv, and describes the god as the tint period in one of the Roman churches:-
prophet or interpreter of Zeus. (Herod. i. 91, viii.
136 ; Aeschyl. Eum. 19 ; Aristoph. Plut. 8 ; Eu-
slath. ad Ilom. p. 794 ; Macrob. Sal. i. 17. ) (L. S. }
LOXO (10), a daughter of Boreas, one of From the birthday ode in honour of the de-
the Hyperborean maidens, who brought the worship ceased, addressed to his widow Polla Argentaria,
of Artemis to Delos, whence it is also used as a by Statius, we gather that his earliest poem was
burname of Artemis herself. (Callim. Hymn. in on the death of Hector and the recovery of his
Del. 292; Nonnus, Dionys. v. p. 168; comp. body by Priam ; the second, on the descent of
Spanheim, ad Callim. l. c. )
[L. S. ) Orpheus to the infernal regions; the third on the
LUA, also called Lua mater or Lua Saturni, one burning of Rome ; the fourth, an address to his
of the early Italian divinities, whose worship was wiſe ; the last, the Pharsalia ; there is also an al-
forgotten in later times. It may be that she was lusion to the success which attended his essays in
no other than Ops, the wife of Saturn; but all we prose composition, and we infer from an expression
know of her is, that sometimes the arms taken of Martial that his muse did not confine herself
from a defeated enemy were dedicated to her, and exclusively to grave and dignified themes. (Stat.
burnt as a sacrifice, with a view to avert punish- Silv. ii. praef. and Carm. 7; Martial, Ep. i. 6], vii.
ment or any other calamity. (Liv. viii. 1, xlv. 33 ; 21, 22, 23, x. 64, xiv. 194 ; Juv. vii. 79; Tac.
Gellius, xiii. 22 ; Varro, de Ling. Lal. viii. 36, with Ann. xv. 49, 56, 70, xvi. 17; comp. Dialog, de
Müller's note. )
[L. S. ] Orat. 20; Hieron. in Chron. Euseb. n. 2080 ;
LUCA'NUS, M. ANNAEUS. The short no Sidon. Apollin. x. 239, xxiii. 165 ; Wemsdorff,
tices of this poet in common circulation, such as that Poet. Lat. Min. vol. iv. pp. 41, 587. )
prefixed to the edition of Weise, although par- II. In a short trumpery fragment entitled “ Vita
ticularly meagre, contain a series of statements many Lucani,” ascribed to Suetonius, and which may be
of which rest upon very uncertain evidence, while an extract from the treatise of that grammarian,
the longer biographies, such as that of Nisard, are De claris Poetis," we are told that Lucan mnde
almost purely works of imagination. In order that his first public appearance by reciting at the quin-
we may be enabled to separate those portions of the quennial games the praises of Nero, who ranked
narrative which admit of satisfactory proof from him among his chosen friends, and raised him to
those which are doubtful or fictitious, we must the quaestorship. This good understanding, how-
examine our materials and class them according to ever, was short-lived, and the courtly bard having
their quality.
been, as he conceived, insulted by his patron, from
I. The facts collected from the writings of Sta- that time forward seized every opportunity of at-
tius, Martial, Juvenal, Tacitus, the Eusebian tacking him in the most bitter lampoons, and
Chronicle as translated by Jerome and Sidonius eventually took a lead in the plot which proved
Apollinaris, may be received with confidence. Ac- the destruction of himself and his associates.
cording to these authorities Lucan was a native III. Another “ Vita Lucani," said to be " Ex
of Cordova ; his father was L. Annaeus Mella, Commentario Antiquissimo," but which can scarcely
a man of equestrian rank and high considera- be regarded as possessing much weight, furnishes
tion, who, satisfied with amassing a large fortune sundry additional purticulars. It sets forth that
by acting as agent for the imperial revenues he was born on the 3d of Nov. A. D. 39, that he
(procurator), did not seek the same distinction in was conveyed from his native country to Rome
literature or politics, which was achieved by his when only eight years old, that his education was
brothers M. Seneca and Junius Gallio. The talents superintended by the most eminent preceptors of
of the son developed themselves at a very early the day, that he gave proofs of extraordinary pre-
age and excited such warm and general admiration cocity, attracted the attention of Nero, and while
as to awaken the jealousy of Nero, who, unable to yet almost a boy was admitted into the senate,
brook competition, forbade him to recite in public. raised to the dignity of the quaestorship, that he
Stung to the quick by this prohibition the fiery exhibited in that capacity gladiatorial shows, and
young Spaniard embarked in the famous conspiracy was soon after invested with a priesthood, that
of Piso, was betrayed, and, by a promise of pardon, he incurred the hatred of Nero by defeating him
was with some difficulty induced to turn informer. and carrying off the prize with his Orpheus, in a
In order to excuse the hesitation he had at first poetical contest at the quinquennial games, in con-
displayed, and to prove the absolute sincerity of sequence of which he was prohibited from writing
his repentance, he began by denouncing his own poetry or pleading at the bar ; that, seeking re-
mother Acilia (or Atilia), and then revealed the venge, he found death, and perished on the last
rest of his accomplices without reserve. But he day of April, A. D. 65, in the 26th year of his age.
received a traitor's reward. After the more impor- Then follows a catalogue of his works, many of the
tant victims had been despatched, the emperor names being evidently corrupt: Iliacön. Suturna-
issued the mandate for the death of his poetical li. Catascomon (probably Catacausmos, i. e. kata-
rival who, finding escape hopeless, caused his veins kavouós). Sylvarum X. Tragoedia Medea impers
to be opened. When, from the rapid effusion of fecta. Sulticue Fabuluc XIV. lippamata prusu
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878
LUCANUS.
LUCANUS.
ct
orationc in Octarium Sugitlam, cl pro co De incendio nation we may adopt, it is impossible to believe
urbis (words which it has been proposed to reduce that the work was published entire during the life.
to sense by reading lypomnemuta prosa oratione time of the author, and it appears almost certain
in Octavium Sagitlum, ct pro eo Declamationcs-Dc that it never received his last corrections.
incendio urbis). Epistolarum ex Campunia.
A remarkable diversity of opinion exists with
As to the accuracy of the above list it is impos- regard to the merits of Lucan. The earlier critics
sible to offer even an opinion; but it is confirmed to assuming the attitude of contending advocates, al
a certain extent, at least, by an old scholiast upon burdly exaggerate and unreasonably depreciate his
Statius, generally known as Lutatius, who quotes powers. And yet great defects and great beauties
some lines from the Iliacon (ad Slat. Theb. iii. 6+), are obvious to the impartial observer. We find
and vi. 3. 22), besides which he gives two hexa- almost every quality requisite to form a great poet,
meters from a piece which he terms Catugonium (ad but the action of each is clogged and the effect
Stut. Thcl. ix. 424). With regard to the story of neutralised by some grievous perversity. We disa
the public defeat sustained by Nero, which has cover vast power, high enthusiasm, burning energy,
been repeated again and again without any ex- copious diction, lively imagination, great learning,
pression of distrust, and has afforded the subject of a buld and masculine tone of thought, deep refiec-
a glowing picture to a French critic, we may ob- tion and political wisdom ; but the power being
serve that it is passed over in silence by all our ill governed, communicates a jarring irregularity 10
classical authorities, that it is at variance with the the whole mechanism of the piece, the enthusiasm
account given by the compiler of the life attributed under no control runs wild into extravagant folly,
to Suetonius, that, à priori, it is highly improbable the language flows in a strong and copious but tur-
that any literary man at that period, however vain bid stream ; the learning is distigured by pedantic
and headstrong, much less a court favourite, whose display ; the imagination of the poet exhausts itself
nearest kinsmen were courtiers, would ever have in far-fetched conceits and unnatural similes ; the
formed the project of engaging seriously in a com- philosophic maxims obtruded at unseasonable mio-
bat where success was ruin. That no such event ments are received with impatience and disgust;
took place under the circumstances represented we distinctly perceive throughout vigorous genius
above, can be proved from history, for the quin- struggling, but in vain, against the paralysing: in-
quennial competition (quinquennule certamen fluence of a corrupt system of mental culture and a
triplex, musicum, gymnicum, equestre) instituted by depraved standard of national taste.
Nero, and called from him Neronia, was held for The Editio Princeps of Lucan was printed at
the first time a. D. 60, when, as we are expressly Rome, by Sweynheym and Pannartz, under the
informed by Suetonius, “ carminis Latini coronam, superintendence of Andrew, Bishop of Aleria, fol.
de qua honestissimus quisque contenderat ipsorum 1469, and two impressions, which have no date
consensu concessam sibi recepit,” words which in- and no name of place or printer, are set down by
dicate most clearly the amount of opposition offered bibliographers next in order. Some improvements
by these nock antagonists ; the second celebration were made by Aldus, 8vo. Venet. 1502, 1515,
did not take place until after the death of Piso and but the first really critical editions are those of
his confederates (Tac. Ann. xiv. 20, xvi. 4 ; Sueton. Pulmannus, 16mo, Antv, 1564, 1577, 1592. The
Ner. 12, comp. 21; Dion Cass. lxi. 21).