No More Learning

[187] See _Jewish Eugenics and Other Essays_, By Rabbi Max Reichler, New
York, Bloch Publishing Co. , 1916.

[188] Dublin, Louis I. , "Significance of the Declining Birth Rate,"
_Congressional Record_, Jan. 11, 1918.

[189] At the request of Alexander Graham Bell, founder and director of
the Genealogical Record Office, Paul Popenoe made an examination and
report on these records in the fall of 1916. Thanks are due to Dr. Bell
for permitting the use in this chapter of two portions of the
investigation.

[190] Beeton, Mary, and Karl Pearson, _Biometrika_ I, p. 60. The actual
correlation varies with the age and sex: the following are the results:


COLLATERAL INHERITANCE

Elder adult brother and younger adult brother . 2290 ? . 0194
Adult brother and adult brother . 2853 ? . 0196
Minor brother and minor brother . 1026 ? . 0294
Adult brother and minor brother -. 0262 ? . 0246
Elder adult sister and younger adult sister . 3464 ? . 0183
Adult sister and adult sister . 3322 ? . 0185
Minor sister and minor sister . 1748 ? . 0307
Adult sister and minor sister -. 0260 ? . 0291
Adult brother and adult sister . 2319 ? . 0145
Minor brother and minor sister . 1435 ? . 0251
Adult brother and minor sister -. 0062 ? . 0349
Adult sister and minor brother -. 0274 ? . 0238



[191] The method used is the ingenious one devised by J. Arthur Harris
(_Biometrika_ IX, p. 461). The probable error is based on n=100.

[192] A. Ploetz, "Lebensdauer der Eltern und Kindersterblichkeit,"
_Archiv fur Rassen-u Gesellschafts-Biologie_, VI (1909), pp. 33-43.

[193] Or it may be supposed that the environment is so good as to make a
non-selective death less likely, and therefore such deaths as do occur
must more frequently be selective.

[194] Hibbs, Henry H. , Jr. , _Infant Mortality: Its Relation to Social
and Industrial Conditions_, New York, 1916.

[195] See Castle, W. E. , _Heredity_, pp. 30-32, New York, 1911.

[196] Doll, E. A. , "Education and Inheritance," _Journal of Education_,
Feb. 1, 1917.

[197] Atwater's celebrated experiments proved that all the energy (food)
which goes into an animal can be accounted for in the output of heat or
work. They are conveniently summarized in Abderhalden's _Text-book of
Physiological Chemistry_, p. 335.

[198] In this connection see farther Raymond Pearl's review of Mr.
Redfield's "Dynamic Evolution" (_Journal of Heredity_) VI, p. 254, and
Paul Popenoe's review, "The Parents of Great Men," _Journal of
Heredity_, VIII, pp. 400-408.

[199] See Dr. Hrdlicka's communication to the XIXth International
Congress of Americanists, Dec. 28, 1915 (the proceedings were published
at Washington, in March, 1917); or an account in the _Journal of
Heredity_, VIII, pp. 98 ff. , March, 1917.

[200] Cf. Grant, Madison, _The Passing of the Great Race_p. 74 (New
York, 1916): "One often hears the statement made that native Americans
of Colonial ancestry are of mixed ethnic origin. This is not true. At
the time of the Revolutionary War the settlers in the 13 colonies were
not only purely Nordic, but also purely Teutonic, a very large majority
being Anglo-Saxon in the most limited meaning of that term. The New
England settlers in particular came from those counties in England where
the blood was almost purely Saxon, Anglian, and Dane. "

[201] Comprising Armenians, Croatians, English, Greeks, Russian Jews,
Irish, South Italians, North Italians, Magyars, Poles, Rumanians and
Russians, 500 individuals in all.

[202] English data from K. Pearson, _Biometrika_ V, p. 124.

[203] Pearson (_ubi supra_) measured 12-year-old English school
children, and found the average cephalic index for 2298 boys to be
78. 88, with [Greek: s] = 3. 2, for 2188 girls 78. 43, with [Greek: s] =
3. 9. It is not proper to compare adolescents with adults, however.

[204] Sewall Wright has pointed out (_Journal of Heredity_, VIII, p.
376) that the white blaze in the hair can not be finally classed as
dominant or recessive until the progeny of _two_ affected persons have
been seen. All matings so far studied have been between an affected
person and a normal. It may be that the white blaze (or piebaldism)
represents merely a heterozygous condition, and that the trait is really
a recessive. The same argument applies to brachydactyly.


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