Sir William Harris, one of the
the occasional browser among the Cape going forward with the crucifix carried visited – in 1836-7 - Mosilikatse, the
archives, or in such an African library, as before, tortures of hunger and thirst, Matabele king;.
the occasional browser among the Cape going forward with the crucifix carried visited – in 1836-7 - Mosilikatse, the
archives, or in such an African library, as before, tortures of hunger and thirst, Matabele king;.
Athenaeum - London - 1912a
Cotton, besides contributing
printed by Prof. Ramsay in 1891, but now carries his ideal of conciseness to an some clear, succinct sometimes too
antiquated by the recent discoveries of extreme of meagreness, and“ skimps
succinct accounts of Indian
of Indian towns,
M. H. Grégoire. The name of this young the great Turkish sultan Bayazid (there has
written the article Bengal,'
Belgian scholar and traveller does not is no cross-reference, by the way, for the following extract from which possesses
occur in the Bibliography: but Prof. Bajazet) most undeservedly. On the special interest at the present time :-
Bury's book must have been long in the other hand, Dr. Streck has a comparatively
“In 1901, before the division of the
printer's hands, and Grégoire's work immense article on the Batiha or Meso province, the number of Muhammadans in
belongs only to the last three years or so. potamian swamps, which is, we admit, Bengal was 251 millions, being two-fifths
In a subject which is growing so rapidly as full of valuable information on the history of the number in all India. The proportion
this such lists of modern research need of the Arab tribes and on the revolt of to the total population was 33 per cent,
to be revised and enlarged every year or the Zenj, but is out of all proportion though in some districts of Eastern and
two. We may mention that the Per- to the scale of the Encyclopædia. Northern Bengal the proportion rises above
'
sarmenians of
p.
252 become Persa-
The like, in a less degree, may be said of 75 per cent, and in the new province of
Eastern Bengal and Assam the proportion
menians in the Index.
the same scholar's articles on Bender
It is a matter for congratulation that | (why not Bandar ? ) 'Abbas and Biredjik; in Western Bengal, and only 1 per cent in
is 56 per cent, compared with 10 per cent
within little more than a year the subject the latter, however, is of great interest. South Bihar. This irregular distribution
has been enriched both by Mr. Bussell's Dr. R. Hartmann, writing on Basra, keeps can best be explained by assuming that
philosophic and suggestive study of the the just mean, but is hardly full enough on
the inhabitants of the delta belong to
general movements and spirit of Byzan- the Bisharin. The important Bahmani aboriginal races, who were never admitted
tine history and by this admirable work.
into the higher castes of Hinduism, and
dynasty of the Deccan is dismissed in a
therefore received Islam readily from their
single column, whilst equal space is given conquerors. It has been proved by anthro-
to the wretched little village of Balaklava, pometric evidence that the vast majority
The Encyclopædia of Islām. - Nos. X. - though without the obvious reference to
.
of the Muhammadans in Eastern Bengal
XII. : Bañiram Bu'ath. (Luzac & Co. )
(Luzac & Co. ) Kinglake. Bairut is described without cannot be distinguished physically from
THE most considerable articles in the any notice of the celebrated American their Hindu fellows; and it is also true that
three parts of this · Encyclopædia'-lately and Jesuit educational missions. Under they preserve to this day many Hindu
issued with commendable regularity— Bahr al-Ghazal the bibliography should added that, apart from some slight amount
are Mr. Longworth Dames's exhaustive have comprised the recent books of of conversion, they certainly increase at a
account of Baluchistan-here spelt Balo- Yakub Artin Pasha and Mr. Comyn. quicker rate than the Hindus, which is
čistan-of which nothing need be said This article contains a misprint : 1843 for attributed to their occupation of a more
except that it is the right article by the 1873. We would draw special attention fertile region, their use of a more nourishing
right man, and an admirable notice of to the valuable articles which Dr. J. diet, and their permission of widow marriage.
Bosnia and Herzegovina by Dr. J. Kres-Schleifer is contributing on South Arabian The article following Bengal touches on
márik. The other contributors continue localities and Arab tribes : Baihan al- another “ actual” topic, Benghazi, and
to write on their chosen lines, except that Kasab and Bakr are excellent examples. is written by Mr. Ewald Banse. It will
Dr. Soberheim undertakes the later Egyp- Prof. Brockelmann, always, we need be seen that. The Encyclopædia of Islām, '
tian history, and does not seem
to be so hardly say, with his well-known biblio- though primarily addressed to Orientalists
complete in his bibliography as Dr. C. H. graphical learning, treats of the biographies and students of the Mohammedan East,
Becker was in earlier numbers. He has of authors, and has an interesting essay does not disdain subjects which are of
omitted, moreover, to refer to the mosques on the Bakhtishu family of physicians, but general interest. Among such articles
of Baibars as well as to mention one of shows little critical appreciation of al- in Part XII. we note especially Dr. T. W.
his names, al-Bundukdari, familiar to Biruni. Prof. Becker is careful and well- Arnold's account of Bhopal and its three
readers of William of Tyre. In a follow- informed, as usual, in dealing with such successive Begams of exceptional ability
ing article on Baibars the dawadar a subjects as Bait al - Mal, Bedja, Bakt, and high character; and M. G. Yver's
similar archæological deficiency is to be though we do not quite agree with him descriptions of the oasis of Bilma in the
noticed, since no account is taken of his that this last was not a
tribute from Tripolitan Sahara, and other North
ruined palace at Cairo. The statement the Nubians, merely because the Egyp- African places, such as Bizerta, Biskra, and
(p. 5886) that there was “a carpet on a tians made some return. Dr. Seybold has Blida, and a notably full and important
.
Mahmal, as is done to the present day," made the Western Mediterranean his article on Bornu.
is surely an error. The Kiswa, or so-called own subject--his article on the Balearic
The bibliographies, as usual, are a very
Holy Carpet”-really the covering des- Islands is excellent, and he refrains from useful feature ; but R. Pococke's travels
tined for the Ka'ba—is not and could not expatiating on Boabdil and Bobastro ; should not have been cited in the Ger-
be enclosed in the litter or Mahmal. Nor whilst M. G. Yver on the French Sudan
translation * Beschreib. des
can we accept the statement that Baibars, (Bambara),
on the Bardo of Tunis, and on Morgenl. (7256); and Capt. Chesney,
in capturing Hisn al-Akrad, “ annihilated Barka, is in his proper element. The whose Euphrates books are not included
the Knights of St. John. " The Romance Encyclopædia
The Romance Encyclopædia' is fortunate in having in the bibliography, should have been
of Baibars' is discussed with his usuall the services of Mr. A. W. Nieuwenhuis referred to as General F. R. Chesney.
IT
D
1.
6
1.
66
"
6
man
as
6
>
## p. 462 (#348) ############################################
462
THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4409, APRIL 27, 1912
66
>>
you ?
to provide “
66
new
cism” they should feel the need of some by the place which the argument per
Formal Logic: a Scientific and Social measure of modification, development, impossibile has in the traditional theory
Problem. By Dr. F. C. S. Schiller. and reconstruction; that they should of Reduction.
(Macmillan & Co. )
wish to get rid of technicalities and
(2) “ The necessity of thought which it
doctrines which started from, and are the syllogism] professed to display lay
This book, which purports to be an un; only appropriate to, exploded meta- merely in an ex post facto reflection on
sparing indictment of “Formal Logic, physical theories—“old bottles” in which the completed form, and did not exist
traverses the whole logical territory, and the “new wine” cannot be confined. in the actual reasoning. ” This may be
includes an account, not only of terms, The Predicables, e. g. , have now little answered by help of a delightful story of
categories, predicables, import of propo- more than an historical and antiquarian Thackeray'š quoted by Dr. Bosanquet,
sitions, inference, laws of thought, and interest.
which recurs to one's mind :-
fallacies, but also of induction, causation,
laws of nature, and accessories of induc- relation between Formal Logic and (a) In-
The pressing need for an account of the
“An old abbé, finding himself in the
tion.
ductive Logic, the methodology of science, to say: 'Ah, ladies, a priest has strange
company of some intimate friends, happened
The author rejects what he holds to psychology, and Pragmatism on the one experiences. Why, my first penitent was
be the fundamental assumption of “the hand, and (6) Symbolic Logic and the a murderer !
murderer ! ' Thereupon
Thereupon the principal
traditional doctrine,” that * it is possible methods of mathematical reasoning on nobleman of the neighbourhood was ushered
to study the formal truth of thought irre- the other; the distracting differences of into the room. On seeing the abbé, he
spective of its truth in point of fact
opinion about import of propositions, and exclaimed: Ah, abbé, how are
(p. viii), and explains that his purpose is the relations of extension and intension
Do you know, ladies, I was the abbó's first
a critical textbook for the in terms—these are some of the many
penitent! '"
use of the more progressive teachers of a difficulties that cry aloud for reform, Here we have two premises given, the
most unprogressive subject. ” His plan if not for revolt. Logic itself—when we unexpected conjunction of which must
of procedure is to rehearse (with few can get to the heart of it—is simple, con- certainly have forced the hearers—as it
references) most of the doctrines which sistent, applicable in heaven and earth forces us—to the conclusion, "The prin.
have been put forward in the name of and in the waters under the earth. The cipal nobleman of the neighbourhood was
Formal Logic, accompanied by a running primary reason why there is such failure a murderer. ” And while the conclusion
fire of criticism, sarcasm, and invective to realize this is just because Logic is followed “necessarily” from the pre-
of the most energetic description. His so fundamental and of such universal mises, it was also (6) no doubt startlingly
book is never duil, and, though on a application.
to all the hearers except the
familiar subject, one finds it hard to put
We are not able to accept in all respects abbé and the penitent himself. Here we
it down, and always wants to hear what Dr. Schiller's account of Formal Logic, have a living, valid argument, which we
the author has to say next. Evidently and do not admit some of his most sweepol of which obviously compels inference to
can“ analyze ex post facto," and the form
an earnest purpose underlies and animates
the whole, but it is difficult to know that it is not possible, on the one hand, to the
conclusion.
the whole, but it is difficult to know ing charges; but we hold most strongly of which obviously compels inference to
whether Dr. Schiller considers that he abstract altogether from matter, from (3) It is difficult to see in what sense
belongs to a powerful band of objectors, concrete particulars ; nor, on the other its actual construction can be declared
or that he stands with one or two others hand, to deal with concrete particulars extra-logical,” since (4) “ the notion of
like Athanasius contra mundum ; whether
he regards logicians as most to blame for divorced from generality. Without this valid inference " is unquestionably applied
logical dualism no sort of intelligible in the case of a living example that is
clinging blindly to traditional doctrines assertion is possible. The abstractness constructed before our eyes. (5) It is the
or for criticizing and modifying the work of Formal Logic is an abstractness of identity of denotation of the middle term
of their predecessors; whether Formal generality, of application to many par-
generality, of application to many par- (first penitent) in one premise with the
Logic is most condemnable because it ticulars, of extended denotation, not the middle term in the other premise that
is open to the reproach that “ordinary abstractness which means detachment here, as elsewhere, holds together the
human thinking continues to pay scant from all particulars, all denotation--the premises and justifies us in passing to
respect to it," or because it exercises a
abstractness which Locke is thinking of the conclusion. That the old syllogistic
baneful tyranny unparalleled in scope and when he says, “ All affirmation
is in theory accepted, though it did not enun-
power, not only over philosophical thought concrete. "
ciate, this requirement is shown by its
and the theory and practice of reasoning,
but also over science, society, education, “Formal” Logic, on this view, is simply demand for “ distribution ” of the middle
and religion. However this may be, some
a Logic of general application, and “forms
explanation must exist of the various of thought are simply relations of terms, used no difficulty arises.
As to ambiguity, where symbols are
or of assertions, which apply to the
M, quả M, is
elaborate, determined, and undoubtedly
sincere attacks on Formal Logic which most varied particulars (“ material”). As not N, nor anything else except M.
have appeared recently, and which are regards arguments, Dr. Schiller himself Where significant terms are used, the
signs (among others) that the intrinsic pronounces (p. 222, that all
, arguments clear before any one ventures to put them
of
can be put in syllogistic form. ” That is, together in an argument;
and an argu-
minds. Of these attacks, perhaps the the syllogistic form is the most general ment” that is convicted of ambiguous
.
form of argument.
most noteworthy are this Logic' of
middle will not go into syllogistic form.
Dr. Schiller's, several books of Mr. Alfred It is impossible, in the compass of a It is here that ambiguity of terms needs
Sidgwick's, and Dr. Mercier's 'New Logic,' review, to examine even the chief of Dr.
which was lately reviewed in these pages. Schiller's contentions ; but, as he devotes careful reference to " context
to be specially guarded against, and that
(in a sense
The limited, rigid, and predominantly a long investigation to the syllogism, and which includes
purpose") is imperative
symbolic presentment of Formal Logic in carries on a sustained, vigorous, and often in order
to determine which among
many textbooks, and its apparent remote- brilliant polemic against it, and also alternative meanings should be taken.
ness from common life and thought, and throws down a special challenge to its
Formal Logic, like the multiplica-
especially, perhaps, the general absence of defenders, we must try to meet some of tion table, is open to many questions,
any even elementary acquaintance with the definite charges which he formulates and neither can furnish
the subject, are probably largely respon- (pp. 220, 221).
guarantee against its own misapplication,
sible for the want of consideration with (1) We have never understood that the but both are nevertheless sound at the
which, as a matter of fact, it is treated by syllogism claims, or can claim, more than No doubt, whether a man
ordinary educated people in England. the conditional” truth of its conclusions Formal Logic or the multiplication table,
Even as regards professed and genuine-a truth, i. e. , conditional on the truth of and how he uses them, depends upon
-a
students of Logic it is small wonder the premises. That the strictest Formal individual motives and purposes; and
of " higher criti- Logic recognizes this seems to be shown his motives and purposes, and all that he
66
term.
>
an infallible
core.
uses
that in this age
## p. 463 (#349) ############################################
No. 4409, APRIL 27, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
463
CG
on foot. ”
thinks and says and does, and what he Mr. Colvin begins where South African me to go and find out what our young men
means, can only be determined by refer- history begins — with the Portuguese, were roasting that smelt so savoury. I went
ence to his life-history-in short, by bio- drawing on the Hakluyt Society's work and questioned one of them, and he asked
graphical or autobiographical inquiry. and · Records of South-Eastern Africa, and strengthening. But I, knowing that it
But whether the defects of Formal Logic which Dr. Theal edited, and an inspired was human flesh, went away, saying nothing
can, as Dr. Schiller suggests, be accounted anonymous translator did into English to them. ? ?
for as due to disregard of the motives and for the Cape Government. Except
purposes of individual thinkers is a dif- Barros, who had a first-hand knowledge One man was hanged for stealing, and
ferent and more difficult question. Still
, of what he wrote, he has wisely preferred begged for burial ;
however it may be answered, we have to Correa and other stately historians the “ but his petition availed him little, for the
reason to be grateful to Dr. Schiller for ‘Journal of the First Voyage,' on which captain_gave the young men, who were
his call to arms; for his unflagging generally the classic writers' built; the weak with hunger, an opportunity by
criticism, his many acute suggestions, and tracts of Manuel de Mesquita, Diogo do ordering him to be thrown into a thicket, and
his uncompromising demand for logical Couto, and the anonymous narrator of the they were very careful to give him the usual
reform. Further, if the principle which he wreck of the St. John and the story of
burial of those who died. ”
indicates is that which explains the defects Manuel de Sousa which Camoens told in
In contrast to these horrors is the
of Logic, we shall look to him to show how the 'Lusiad. ' Mr. Colvin thinks that “the seventeenth-century missionary De Bar-
this principle can be applied in that revi- unvarnished tale in its simple prose buda's account of the grave of the first
sion and development of logical doctrine pierces the heart more sharply than the South African martyr Silveira-mira-
which is urgently called for.
aureate verse of the Renaissance master. ” culous, and guarded by beasts and birds.
The horrors and noble concomitants of The English and Dutch navigators
shipwreck have, indeed, pierced the uni- follow the Portuguese, and give us the
versal heart recently and poignantly first pictures of Table Mountain and the
The Cape of Adventure : being Strange enough. But no shipwreck stories are Hottentots. John Jourdain describes the
and Notable Discoveries, Perils, Ship-ghastlier (or finer) than those of the St. Cape in the time of James I. Edward
wrecks, Battles upon Sea and Land, with John, the St. Benedict, the St. Thomas, Terry, chaplain to the English ambassador
Pleasant and Interesting Observations and the Sacramento and Nona Senhora to the Great Mogul, landed at the Cape
upon the Country and the Natives of the da Atalaze. Stranger and sadder adven- in June, 1615; his account of the
Cape of Good Hope, extracted from the tures never were than befell these stately attempt to colonize it with English
Writings of the Early Travellers. By Portuguese adventurers, men like Dom convicts is interesting, and the euphuist,
Ian D. Colvin. (T. C. & E. C. Jack. ) Sebastian Cobo da Silveira, who “cared Sir Thomas Herbert, made the most of his
THAT close time for books on South
not for death, but for the bad treatment nineteen days at the Cape amid the
Africa which the judicious crave would die in the wilderness “fat and in good
shown to his person,” and so sat down to accursed progeny of them.
The more famous travellers follow-
have this advantage, among other gains, health, with his strength unimpaired, Le Vaillant, great in love as in the field,
that “ the neglected classics of the Cape because he would not venture to proceed “the Tartarin of real life,” Mr. Colvin
of Good Hope,” as Mr. Ian Colvin calls
We are sure that Mr. Andrew aptly calls him; naturalists like Lichten-
a fascinating book, might at last have Lang, like Mrs. Micawber, “never will steinand Burchell; and Barrow and Percival,
a fascinating book, might at last have desert " the muse of Sir H. Rider Haggard. who reflect the Cape of the first British
their innings. What tremendous
terial they contain is known faintly to perils by land which followed—the caravan first English South African shikari, who
But these tales of shipwreck and of the occupation.
Sir William Harris, one of the
the occasional browser among the Cape going forward with the crucifix carried visited – in 1836-7 - Mosilikatse, the
archives, or in such an African library, as before, tortures of hunger and thirst, Matabele king;. Owen the missionary,
that of Mr. Sidney, Mendelssohn, the the weak and sick inevitably deserted, who actually witnessed the massacre of
bibliographer of South Africa, in which
Mr. Colvin himself has run free. But for the attacks of savages, the handful of Piet Retief and his party in 1838; and
the average lover of good reading the survivors in the end winning through- Fynn in Natal—1825-in relation with
records of the old travellers are a fountain these features, repeated, but varied in Chaka and Dingaan, yield excerpts of
sealed. We shall be surprised if this every instance, offer a new world of various but absorbing interest.
compilation does not achieve its purpose, himself gives no greater effect of reality. living scholars, Mr. Colvin's anthology is
sinister and romantic sensation. Defoe Dedicated to Mr. Mendelssohn among
and lead not only South Africans, but The abandonment of the ailing occurs inscribed to the memory of another, the
all who love the romance of adventure,
to seek intimate acquaintance with
those again and again in poignant phrases. Rev. H. C. von Leibbrandt, the Cape
sailors, soldiers, missionaries, explorers, forced to leave her child,
When Dona Joanna de Mendoca was
archivist. In “the dim quiet cellars of
naturalists, who make up the South
Parliament House," Capetown, the Cape
African classics. The green unknowing " she turned her back upon the ship, and, politicians sparring overhead, sat Mr.
may then thank Mr. Colvin for opening lifting her eyes to heaven, offered to God Leibbrandt," forgetting and forgotten
to them a new and an enchanted world. her tender, child in sacrifice, like another by the noisy world above," surrounded
But not less is their debt who, more or
Isaac, begging His mercy for herself, knowing by yellow archives, wearing “a black
less familiar with the authorities, have He would have her in safe keeping. "
well that the child was innocent and that velvet skull-cap over his white hair. ”
yet felt lost among them as in some
As man and scholar the venerable archivist
trackless forest, sorely desiring the help Dona Leonor, wife to Manuel de Sousa, was equally admirable, knowing every
of an anthologist to order and control stripped that her clothing might appease hole and corner of Cape history and serving
their reading: “By no means scientific the Kaffirs, covers herself with her hair, only the truth-even when he must offend
or complete," Mr. Colvin modestly calls makes a pit in the sand, and bids the his compatriots by publishing the Slachters
his collection, and no doubt there are pilot and his mates go on your way and Nek papers, which in no wise bear out
omissions. But from Barros and the try to save yourselves, and commend the familiar Dutch rendering of that
Roteiro and the nameless immortals who us to God. ” " And they, seeing that episode. He was Mr. Colvin's guide and
chronicled, or were chronicled, for Ber- in their part they could in no wise tutor in the Cape classics, and this antho-
nardo Gomes de Brito in the Historia relieve the sorrow. . . . went on their way, logy is brought as a little wreath of
Tragico Maratimo,' down past Van Rie- endeavouring to save their lives. " There withered leaves in his grave. ”
beeck and his successors in the Dutch were things more terrible.
Leibbrandt's work was starved by
archives to Kolbe and Paterson and Lo
successive Cape Governments. It would
Vaillant and Barrow and Burchell and
'Often in the camp at night [Francis
Hynn, his two score separate authorities meat which had an excellent smeli like pork, should be moved hereafter to publish his
Vaz d’Almada writes] I saw quantities of be pleasant if the Union Government
are .
so that one day, when my comrade Gregory
'Précis of the Archives ’ in decent print
the wood as well as the trees.
de Vidanha relieved me on guard, he told and binding.
ma-
66
## p. 464 (#350) ############################################
464
No. 4409, APRIL 27, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
woman.
ones.
are
on
The gravest flaw of all in the divorce law other pieces. A genuine feeling for music
of England is its flagrant inequality as and bird-life sets one or two of these well
NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS.
between rich and poor and as between man above the ordinary level of verse.
(Notice in those columns does not preclude longer
and
To offer to the ordinary
roviow. )
wage-earner an escape from unhappy mar- Scheffauer (Herman), DRAKE IN CALIFORNIA,
Tbeology.
riage at the price of 401. to 601. is, in effect,
Ballads and Poems, 2/6 net. Fifield
to deny it. In practice he or she is apt to We can find little to commend in this
Crockford's Clerical Directory, 1912, 201. Cox take a second partner in defiance of the volume. The author uses a poetic diction
The well-known guide is, as usu ad- law, either removing to a new place or which gives to his work an air of insincerity.
mirably full and accurate in its details.
trusting that neighbours will condone what His ballads, in particular, seem at best
The Preface is of interest, dealing with is felt to be really a second marriage. A a skilful counterfeit of emotion only half
several points of prime importance to the similar result is actually fostered by that realized, and at worst mere metrical exercises.
clergy, but the editor seems to have deserted cheap form of partial divorce known as a The four translations from Nietzsche, . re-
the easier tone of his predecessors for a judicial separation, which permits no re- printed from the recent English edition,
style which approximates to the sermon, marriage.
are the best things in the book. Several of
and is somewhat diffuse.
poetry.
the other poems have appeared in The
Home University Library of Modern Know-
New Age, Nation, Century Magazine, and
Bottomley (Gordon), CHAMBERS OF IMAGERY other periodicals.
ledge, 1/net each. Williams & Norgate
(Second Series), 1/ not. á Elkin Mathews
BUDDHISM, by Mrs. Rhys Davids.
This is a remarkably individual book. The Wagstaff (Jeanie Marion), A TALE OF OLD
Mrs. Rhys Davids's book on Buddhism author has a manner of his own ; his verse CRETE, AND OTHER POEMS.
is particularly useful as a short and readable shows thought and a good deal of ima-
Simpkin & Marshall
This volume contains a number of semi-
introduction to the subject, but we should ginative power; and he is an artist, but
have liked a fuller bibliography.
that sometimes leads him to choose a rare classical narrative poems, pitched in a some-
word or construction instead of a common what monotonous key, with miscellaneous
NONCONFORMITY, by Principal W. B. one, to the annoyance of a reader who short
The metrical schemes
Selbie.
objects to being made to translate his native never sufficiently varied in stresses, and the
The historical part of Principal Selbie's tongue. We were always expecting to tales run too smoothly. The author speaks
work will be found more useful than his come upon some poem of really high merit, over-patently “in the language of silver,”
pronouncements the position to-day. but we did not find it.
and keeps her undoubted pictorial qualities
The latter portion has all the indications of a
Contemporary French Poetry, selected and choice of conventional adjectives she re-
at a level of average achievement. * In her
fair-minded man struggling to present ade- translated by Jethro Bithell, 1/
quately the case of those from whom he
minds us of the early eighteenth-century
differs with respect.
Walter Scott Publishing Co, school, as in the rather sophisticated nature
This is an exceptionally well-proportioned of the writing.
Waylen (Hector), MOUNTAIN PATHWAYS : and embracing anthology. Mr. Bithell is
A STUDY IN THE ETHICS OF THE SERMON steeped in the peculiar fragrance of the Sym: Wilcox (Ella Wheeler), POEMS, 1/6 net.
ON THE MOUNT, with a New Translation bolists, and his power of transmitting it
Gay & Hancock
and Critical Notes, 3/6 net, Kegan Paul untarnished is remarkable. His achieve- A selection bound in limp leather from
Second edition, revised and enlarged, ment is the outcome of a profound knowledge the works of this popular, but commonplace
with Introductory Letter by F. C. Burkitt.
and sympathy, enriched by poetic taste and poetess.
a vocabulary well adapted to do justice to
Law.
the moods of the “Décadents " and their
Bibliography.
Russell (Earl), DIVORCE, 2/6 net.
niceties of atmosphere. The Introduction,
Cambridge University Library : REPORT OF
Heinemann
if a trifle over-appreciative, is nevertheless
LIBRARY SYNDICATE
Upon the subject of divorce there have finely erudite, and its presentation of the
YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31st, 1911.
long been two conflicting views, both of
tendencies of the reaction against the
which are to some extent represented in the
“Parnassians? is masterly. There should
Cambridge University Press
have been an index of names.
The fifty-eighth annual report presented
existing English code. Naturally, the English
to the Senate, discussing finance, the pro-
marriage laws, halting, thus between two Evans (F. Gwynne), IN MANTLE BLUE, motion of co-operation among the various
opinions, are illogical, incomplete, and full 3/6 net.
Elkin Mathews University libraries, and suggestions for
of anomalies. It is therefore a good There is little to detain us here. A fond- organization, and recording donations and
deed to set forth in a brief comprehensible ness for the names and scenes which history purchases during the year.
manner both what the defects are in the has consecrated seems to weigh like a load
marriage laws of this country, and how upon the author's individuality. His utter-
Wigan Public Libraries : ANNUAL REPORT
those defects arose. Marriage, in the eyes
ance is often derivative, and his verse, while
OF CHIEF LIBRARIAN.
Wigan, Wall
of the old ecclesiastical courts, was a sacra- free from startling faults, has no outstanding There
some interesting statistics
ment and indissoluble. The Church, in its | virtues.
in this report. In the Central Reference
rules and practice, regarded not the general frogley (Charles Herbert), THE MORNING'S Library books of history, biography, and
welfare of the community-the idea of which, CUP, AND OTHER POEMS, 1/ net.
travel were consulted more frequently than
indeed, had not then dawned--but the in-
Fifield
those upon any other subject, and, with the
dividual morals of the married pair ; the
notion of punishment and discipline was
There is a note of real passion in the exception of persons classified as students,
author's love of the morning, the spring, of readers. From the general library over
commercial travellers were the largest class
always present ; and from this notion is the birds, and the flowers, and he
derived the preposterous position of the in something of the true lyric strain his fresh seventy thousand works of fiction were
English law, which actually denies divorco enjoyment and unaffected pleasure in the issued, and only six hundred and thirty
because the parties concerned agree in simple things of life. His verse is, indeed,
books on law and politics !
wishing for it.
not always equally felicitous, but after a
The other view of divorce is the modern surfeit of forced raptures and mechanical
Pbilosopby.
one, which sees marriage as a civil contract, organ-grinding it comes as a welcome change. Monist (The), April, 60c.
liable, like other contracts, to defects that
may, justify the cancelling of it. According Hardy (O. N. ), AT AMISBÜHL. Ouseley
Chicago, Open Court Publishing Co.
to this view-held by nearly all Protestant
A rhetorical tour de force in verse, with
The current number of this magazine
countries—it is not good, either for indi-
mountainous country for theme. It draws devoted to the philosophy of science contains
viduals or for the community, that men and
the usual ethical parallels by means of the
women should be held together by a nominal
usual inflated apostrophe, and differs in and Hilbert by M. Henri Poincaré. A
an important criticism of the logics of Russell
bond, when all that makes marriage a
no respect from its countless brethren.
reprint of a letter of 1727 from the Rev.
union has ceased. More than a nominal Law (Alice), IMAGINARY SONNETS OF Tasso James Bradley, Savilian Professor of Astron
bond no law can impose; the deeper TO LEONORA, AND OTHER POEMS, 1/ net. nomy at Oxford, to Edmund Halley, is the
essentials of marriage-mutual confidence,
Elkin Mathews most interesting of the other contributions.
congeniality, sympathy, and respect - lie Miss Law's previous work showed a con-
beyond the
power of outward com. siderable mastery over the form of the Pollock (Sir Frederick), SPINOZA, HIS LIFE
pulsion. As Lord Russell truly says, sonnet. In the present volume the sequence
AND PHILOSOPHY, 5/ net. Duckworth
where husband and wife are living apart upon the love of Tasso for the Princess Appears in the Crown Library. We
because they cannot endure to live together, Leonora has the same metrical skill, but welcome the reissue of the second edition
their marriage is actually dissolved, however we miss the fresh note and spontaneous (1899) of this admirable study. Spinoza
much the law may declare it to be valid. utterance which appear in the best of the is not easy reading in any form, but Sir
THE
FOR
THE
are
## p. 465 (#351) ############################################
No. 4409, APRIL 27, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
465
AND
THE
THE
Frederick Pollock contrives to make his Stryienski (Casimir), THE DAUGHTERS OF by Mr. John Blair. The Introduotion by
system fairly intelligible to the general LOUIS XV. (MESDAMES DE FRANCE), Mr. W. Forbes Gray says just what could
reader, and, from a philosopher's point of translated by Cranstoun Metcalfe, 10/6 be wished. Dreamthorp deserves to sur-
view, the book has not been superseded net.
Chapman & Hall vive, but this book of Skye, also of Edinburgh
by any more recent work accessible in A faithful and conscientious portraiture and Glasgow, is by far the best of Smith's
English.
of the five pathetic daughters of “ Louis writings. After forty-seven years it is
the Well-Beloved " : Mesdames Louise- admirably fresh and vigorous, an excellent
bistory and Biograpby.
Elizabeth, the ambitious Duchess of Parma, epitome of old memories, of Scottish scenery
much of whose life is hidden in obscurity; and character,
European Years: the Letters of an Idle Henriette, who died "en sa belle jeunesse >;
Man, edited by George Edward Wood-
the characterless Sophie ; Adélaïde, whose
Sports and pastimes.
berry, 7/6 net.
Constable conduct towards Marie Antoinette has not
Dunbar-Brunton (James), BIG GAME HUNT-
escaped the castigation of history, and
These letters are in the main woven round Victoire, both of whom survived to witness the
ING IN CENTRAL AFRICA, 10/6 net.
jaunts and sojourns in various parts of harvest sown by the “Grand Monarque. ” The
Melrose
Europe. Their literary quality is sophis- thoroughness of this study is commendable,
We do not "feel by proxy the thrill that
ticated and pretentious. A positive absorp- since previous memoirs have attempted
comes to the sportsman over a successful
tion in platitude hardly relieves their only incidentally to place the princesses in
shot," because we are inured to this type
monotony. What are we to think of a literary
of compilation. Statistics of shooting re-
an historical perspective and continuity.
man who can write this naive sentence:
cords, which the author supplies profusely,
The presentation is conveyed with much
It is an excellent sentence you make from sympathy and delicacy, and, by the help of
are more tedious than a Blue - book, since
Landor: 'I warmed both hands at the fresh documents, correspondence, and remi-
they serve an idle purpose. Nor is the zeal
fire of life. " I have often seen that line, or niscences, brings new and copious light to
for indiscriminate slaughter a pleasant
the substance of it, but never knew to whom bear upon the careers of
feature of the latter-day hunter. There are
Mesdames,
to ascribe it " ? Moreover, the author is The book is indeed exceptionally well
a number of illustrations, mostly of dead
for ever advertising the fact that certain stocked with information, conveyed with
animals.
things are beyond him, aping a patronizing charm and distinction. There are a number Wilding (Anthony F. ), ON THE COUBT AND
simplesse which does not impress us as to of facsimiles and reproductions of portraits.
OFF, 5/ net.
Methuen
the extent and strength of his knowledge. The translation is adequate.
An exciting and instructive book, written
with zest and without pretentiousness.
Home University Library of Modern Know- Watt (Francis), EDINBURGH,
The chapters devoted to unfolding the art of
ledge, 1/ net. Williams & Norgate
LOTHIANS, 10/6 net.
huen
successful play are stimulating, and those
A dozen charming illustrations in colour
retailing the reminiscences of the champion
THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR, by Frederic by Walter Dexter are the best feature
himself of the keenest interest. Mrs.
L. Paxson.
of this book. The text goes over the Larcombe writes a chapter of advice for
The American Civil War is remembered familiar ground without adding anything lady players, and M. André Gobert, a brilliant
in this country more by its effects on trade novel, and with little charm of style. There
than on its own account, and the English is a chapter headed Literary Annals of France. There are numerous illustrations.
exponent, one on the progress of the game in
literature on the subject is slight. In these Edinburgh,, filling under thirteen pages.
pages the Professor of American History These gather into one whole the complete
Education.
at the University of Wisconsin narrates literary story of the capital," says the author.
how the union of the States was brought
The complete" literary story of Edin-
Gibson (W. J. ), EDUCATION IN SCOTLAND,
A SKETCH OF THE PAST AND
about by their attempted disruption. He burgh in some four thousand words! De
PRESENT, 2/6 net.
Longmans
keeps his reader's interest throughout by Quincey's cottage was not at Lasswade,
"selected instances. .
This
but at Polton. Sydney Smith did not spell
excellent
& large number of
and characteristically
There are three maps.
his Christian name with an i (p. 214). John Scottish volume is so concise as to render any
Brown of Haddington is eulogized without ! summary difficult. As regards the past, it
Meneval (Baron de), THE EMPRESS JOSEPHINE, any mention of his connexion with the more
is generalized; as regards the future, precise
translated from the French by D. D. famous author of 'Rab. ?
printed by Prof. Ramsay in 1891, but now carries his ideal of conciseness to an some clear, succinct sometimes too
antiquated by the recent discoveries of extreme of meagreness, and“ skimps
succinct accounts of Indian
of Indian towns,
M. H. Grégoire. The name of this young the great Turkish sultan Bayazid (there has
written the article Bengal,'
Belgian scholar and traveller does not is no cross-reference, by the way, for the following extract from which possesses
occur in the Bibliography: but Prof. Bajazet) most undeservedly. On the special interest at the present time :-
Bury's book must have been long in the other hand, Dr. Streck has a comparatively
“In 1901, before the division of the
printer's hands, and Grégoire's work immense article on the Batiha or Meso province, the number of Muhammadans in
belongs only to the last three years or so. potamian swamps, which is, we admit, Bengal was 251 millions, being two-fifths
In a subject which is growing so rapidly as full of valuable information on the history of the number in all India. The proportion
this such lists of modern research need of the Arab tribes and on the revolt of to the total population was 33 per cent,
to be revised and enlarged every year or the Zenj, but is out of all proportion though in some districts of Eastern and
two. We may mention that the Per- to the scale of the Encyclopædia. Northern Bengal the proportion rises above
'
sarmenians of
p.
252 become Persa-
The like, in a less degree, may be said of 75 per cent, and in the new province of
Eastern Bengal and Assam the proportion
menians in the Index.
the same scholar's articles on Bender
It is a matter for congratulation that | (why not Bandar ? ) 'Abbas and Biredjik; in Western Bengal, and only 1 per cent in
is 56 per cent, compared with 10 per cent
within little more than a year the subject the latter, however, is of great interest. South Bihar. This irregular distribution
has been enriched both by Mr. Bussell's Dr. R. Hartmann, writing on Basra, keeps can best be explained by assuming that
philosophic and suggestive study of the the just mean, but is hardly full enough on
the inhabitants of the delta belong to
general movements and spirit of Byzan- the Bisharin. The important Bahmani aboriginal races, who were never admitted
tine history and by this admirable work.
into the higher castes of Hinduism, and
dynasty of the Deccan is dismissed in a
therefore received Islam readily from their
single column, whilst equal space is given conquerors. It has been proved by anthro-
to the wretched little village of Balaklava, pometric evidence that the vast majority
The Encyclopædia of Islām. - Nos. X. - though without the obvious reference to
.
of the Muhammadans in Eastern Bengal
XII. : Bañiram Bu'ath. (Luzac & Co. )
(Luzac & Co. ) Kinglake. Bairut is described without cannot be distinguished physically from
THE most considerable articles in the any notice of the celebrated American their Hindu fellows; and it is also true that
three parts of this · Encyclopædia'-lately and Jesuit educational missions. Under they preserve to this day many Hindu
issued with commendable regularity— Bahr al-Ghazal the bibliography should added that, apart from some slight amount
are Mr. Longworth Dames's exhaustive have comprised the recent books of of conversion, they certainly increase at a
account of Baluchistan-here spelt Balo- Yakub Artin Pasha and Mr. Comyn. quicker rate than the Hindus, which is
čistan-of which nothing need be said This article contains a misprint : 1843 for attributed to their occupation of a more
except that it is the right article by the 1873. We would draw special attention fertile region, their use of a more nourishing
right man, and an admirable notice of to the valuable articles which Dr. J. diet, and their permission of widow marriage.
Bosnia and Herzegovina by Dr. J. Kres-Schleifer is contributing on South Arabian The article following Bengal touches on
márik. The other contributors continue localities and Arab tribes : Baihan al- another “ actual” topic, Benghazi, and
to write on their chosen lines, except that Kasab and Bakr are excellent examples. is written by Mr. Ewald Banse. It will
Dr. Soberheim undertakes the later Egyp- Prof. Brockelmann, always, we need be seen that. The Encyclopædia of Islām, '
tian history, and does not seem
to be so hardly say, with his well-known biblio- though primarily addressed to Orientalists
complete in his bibliography as Dr. C. H. graphical learning, treats of the biographies and students of the Mohammedan East,
Becker was in earlier numbers. He has of authors, and has an interesting essay does not disdain subjects which are of
omitted, moreover, to refer to the mosques on the Bakhtishu family of physicians, but general interest. Among such articles
of Baibars as well as to mention one of shows little critical appreciation of al- in Part XII. we note especially Dr. T. W.
his names, al-Bundukdari, familiar to Biruni. Prof. Becker is careful and well- Arnold's account of Bhopal and its three
readers of William of Tyre. In a follow- informed, as usual, in dealing with such successive Begams of exceptional ability
ing article on Baibars the dawadar a subjects as Bait al - Mal, Bedja, Bakt, and high character; and M. G. Yver's
similar archæological deficiency is to be though we do not quite agree with him descriptions of the oasis of Bilma in the
noticed, since no account is taken of his that this last was not a
tribute from Tripolitan Sahara, and other North
ruined palace at Cairo. The statement the Nubians, merely because the Egyp- African places, such as Bizerta, Biskra, and
(p. 5886) that there was “a carpet on a tians made some return. Dr. Seybold has Blida, and a notably full and important
.
Mahmal, as is done to the present day," made the Western Mediterranean his article on Bornu.
is surely an error. The Kiswa, or so-called own subject--his article on the Balearic
The bibliographies, as usual, are a very
Holy Carpet”-really the covering des- Islands is excellent, and he refrains from useful feature ; but R. Pococke's travels
tined for the Ka'ba—is not and could not expatiating on Boabdil and Bobastro ; should not have been cited in the Ger-
be enclosed in the litter or Mahmal. Nor whilst M. G. Yver on the French Sudan
translation * Beschreib. des
can we accept the statement that Baibars, (Bambara),
on the Bardo of Tunis, and on Morgenl. (7256); and Capt. Chesney,
in capturing Hisn al-Akrad, “ annihilated Barka, is in his proper element. The whose Euphrates books are not included
the Knights of St. John. " The Romance Encyclopædia
The Romance Encyclopædia' is fortunate in having in the bibliography, should have been
of Baibars' is discussed with his usuall the services of Mr. A. W. Nieuwenhuis referred to as General F. R. Chesney.
IT
D
1.
6
1.
66
"
6
man
as
6
>
## p. 462 (#348) ############################################
462
THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4409, APRIL 27, 1912
66
>>
you ?
to provide “
66
new
cism” they should feel the need of some by the place which the argument per
Formal Logic: a Scientific and Social measure of modification, development, impossibile has in the traditional theory
Problem. By Dr. F. C. S. Schiller. and reconstruction; that they should of Reduction.
(Macmillan & Co. )
wish to get rid of technicalities and
(2) “ The necessity of thought which it
doctrines which started from, and are the syllogism] professed to display lay
This book, which purports to be an un; only appropriate to, exploded meta- merely in an ex post facto reflection on
sparing indictment of “Formal Logic, physical theories—“old bottles” in which the completed form, and did not exist
traverses the whole logical territory, and the “new wine” cannot be confined. in the actual reasoning. ” This may be
includes an account, not only of terms, The Predicables, e. g. , have now little answered by help of a delightful story of
categories, predicables, import of propo- more than an historical and antiquarian Thackeray'š quoted by Dr. Bosanquet,
sitions, inference, laws of thought, and interest.
which recurs to one's mind :-
fallacies, but also of induction, causation,
laws of nature, and accessories of induc- relation between Formal Logic and (a) In-
The pressing need for an account of the
“An old abbé, finding himself in the
tion.
ductive Logic, the methodology of science, to say: 'Ah, ladies, a priest has strange
company of some intimate friends, happened
The author rejects what he holds to psychology, and Pragmatism on the one experiences. Why, my first penitent was
be the fundamental assumption of “the hand, and (6) Symbolic Logic and the a murderer !
murderer ! ' Thereupon
Thereupon the principal
traditional doctrine,” that * it is possible methods of mathematical reasoning on nobleman of the neighbourhood was ushered
to study the formal truth of thought irre- the other; the distracting differences of into the room. On seeing the abbé, he
spective of its truth in point of fact
opinion about import of propositions, and exclaimed: Ah, abbé, how are
(p. viii), and explains that his purpose is the relations of extension and intension
Do you know, ladies, I was the abbó's first
a critical textbook for the in terms—these are some of the many
penitent! '"
use of the more progressive teachers of a difficulties that cry aloud for reform, Here we have two premises given, the
most unprogressive subject. ” His plan if not for revolt. Logic itself—when we unexpected conjunction of which must
of procedure is to rehearse (with few can get to the heart of it—is simple, con- certainly have forced the hearers—as it
references) most of the doctrines which sistent, applicable in heaven and earth forces us—to the conclusion, "The prin.
have been put forward in the name of and in the waters under the earth. The cipal nobleman of the neighbourhood was
Formal Logic, accompanied by a running primary reason why there is such failure a murderer. ” And while the conclusion
fire of criticism, sarcasm, and invective to realize this is just because Logic is followed “necessarily” from the pre-
of the most energetic description. His so fundamental and of such universal mises, it was also (6) no doubt startlingly
book is never duil, and, though on a application.
to all the hearers except the
familiar subject, one finds it hard to put
We are not able to accept in all respects abbé and the penitent himself. Here we
it down, and always wants to hear what Dr. Schiller's account of Formal Logic, have a living, valid argument, which we
the author has to say next. Evidently and do not admit some of his most sweepol of which obviously compels inference to
can“ analyze ex post facto," and the form
an earnest purpose underlies and animates
the whole, but it is difficult to know that it is not possible, on the one hand, to the
conclusion.
the whole, but it is difficult to know ing charges; but we hold most strongly of which obviously compels inference to
whether Dr. Schiller considers that he abstract altogether from matter, from (3) It is difficult to see in what sense
belongs to a powerful band of objectors, concrete particulars ; nor, on the other its actual construction can be declared
or that he stands with one or two others hand, to deal with concrete particulars extra-logical,” since (4) “ the notion of
like Athanasius contra mundum ; whether
he regards logicians as most to blame for divorced from generality. Without this valid inference " is unquestionably applied
logical dualism no sort of intelligible in the case of a living example that is
clinging blindly to traditional doctrines assertion is possible. The abstractness constructed before our eyes. (5) It is the
or for criticizing and modifying the work of Formal Logic is an abstractness of identity of denotation of the middle term
of their predecessors; whether Formal generality, of application to many par-
generality, of application to many par- (first penitent) in one premise with the
Logic is most condemnable because it ticulars, of extended denotation, not the middle term in the other premise that
is open to the reproach that “ordinary abstractness which means detachment here, as elsewhere, holds together the
human thinking continues to pay scant from all particulars, all denotation--the premises and justifies us in passing to
respect to it," or because it exercises a
abstractness which Locke is thinking of the conclusion. That the old syllogistic
baneful tyranny unparalleled in scope and when he says, “ All affirmation
is in theory accepted, though it did not enun-
power, not only over philosophical thought concrete. "
ciate, this requirement is shown by its
and the theory and practice of reasoning,
but also over science, society, education, “Formal” Logic, on this view, is simply demand for “ distribution ” of the middle
and religion. However this may be, some
a Logic of general application, and “forms
explanation must exist of the various of thought are simply relations of terms, used no difficulty arises.
As to ambiguity, where symbols are
or of assertions, which apply to the
M, quả M, is
elaborate, determined, and undoubtedly
sincere attacks on Formal Logic which most varied particulars (“ material”). As not N, nor anything else except M.
have appeared recently, and which are regards arguments, Dr. Schiller himself Where significant terms are used, the
signs (among others) that the intrinsic pronounces (p. 222, that all
, arguments clear before any one ventures to put them
of
can be put in syllogistic form. ” That is, together in an argument;
and an argu-
minds. Of these attacks, perhaps the the syllogistic form is the most general ment” that is convicted of ambiguous
.
form of argument.
most noteworthy are this Logic' of
middle will not go into syllogistic form.
Dr. Schiller's, several books of Mr. Alfred It is impossible, in the compass of a It is here that ambiguity of terms needs
Sidgwick's, and Dr. Mercier's 'New Logic,' review, to examine even the chief of Dr.
which was lately reviewed in these pages. Schiller's contentions ; but, as he devotes careful reference to " context
to be specially guarded against, and that
(in a sense
The limited, rigid, and predominantly a long investigation to the syllogism, and which includes
purpose") is imperative
symbolic presentment of Formal Logic in carries on a sustained, vigorous, and often in order
to determine which among
many textbooks, and its apparent remote- brilliant polemic against it, and also alternative meanings should be taken.
ness from common life and thought, and throws down a special challenge to its
Formal Logic, like the multiplica-
especially, perhaps, the general absence of defenders, we must try to meet some of tion table, is open to many questions,
any even elementary acquaintance with the definite charges which he formulates and neither can furnish
the subject, are probably largely respon- (pp. 220, 221).
guarantee against its own misapplication,
sible for the want of consideration with (1) We have never understood that the but both are nevertheless sound at the
which, as a matter of fact, it is treated by syllogism claims, or can claim, more than No doubt, whether a man
ordinary educated people in England. the conditional” truth of its conclusions Formal Logic or the multiplication table,
Even as regards professed and genuine-a truth, i. e. , conditional on the truth of and how he uses them, depends upon
-a
students of Logic it is small wonder the premises. That the strictest Formal individual motives and purposes; and
of " higher criti- Logic recognizes this seems to be shown his motives and purposes, and all that he
66
term.
>
an infallible
core.
uses
that in this age
## p. 463 (#349) ############################################
No. 4409, APRIL 27, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
463
CG
on foot. ”
thinks and says and does, and what he Mr. Colvin begins where South African me to go and find out what our young men
means, can only be determined by refer- history begins — with the Portuguese, were roasting that smelt so savoury. I went
ence to his life-history-in short, by bio- drawing on the Hakluyt Society's work and questioned one of them, and he asked
graphical or autobiographical inquiry. and · Records of South-Eastern Africa, and strengthening. But I, knowing that it
But whether the defects of Formal Logic which Dr. Theal edited, and an inspired was human flesh, went away, saying nothing
can, as Dr. Schiller suggests, be accounted anonymous translator did into English to them. ? ?
for as due to disregard of the motives and for the Cape Government. Except
purposes of individual thinkers is a dif- Barros, who had a first-hand knowledge One man was hanged for stealing, and
ferent and more difficult question. Still
, of what he wrote, he has wisely preferred begged for burial ;
however it may be answered, we have to Correa and other stately historians the “ but his petition availed him little, for the
reason to be grateful to Dr. Schiller for ‘Journal of the First Voyage,' on which captain_gave the young men, who were
his call to arms; for his unflagging generally the classic writers' built; the weak with hunger, an opportunity by
criticism, his many acute suggestions, and tracts of Manuel de Mesquita, Diogo do ordering him to be thrown into a thicket, and
his uncompromising demand for logical Couto, and the anonymous narrator of the they were very careful to give him the usual
reform. Further, if the principle which he wreck of the St. John and the story of
burial of those who died. ”
indicates is that which explains the defects Manuel de Sousa which Camoens told in
In contrast to these horrors is the
of Logic, we shall look to him to show how the 'Lusiad. ' Mr. Colvin thinks that “the seventeenth-century missionary De Bar-
this principle can be applied in that revi- unvarnished tale in its simple prose buda's account of the grave of the first
sion and development of logical doctrine pierces the heart more sharply than the South African martyr Silveira-mira-
which is urgently called for.
aureate verse of the Renaissance master. ” culous, and guarded by beasts and birds.
The horrors and noble concomitants of The English and Dutch navigators
shipwreck have, indeed, pierced the uni- follow the Portuguese, and give us the
versal heart recently and poignantly first pictures of Table Mountain and the
The Cape of Adventure : being Strange enough. But no shipwreck stories are Hottentots. John Jourdain describes the
and Notable Discoveries, Perils, Ship-ghastlier (or finer) than those of the St. Cape in the time of James I. Edward
wrecks, Battles upon Sea and Land, with John, the St. Benedict, the St. Thomas, Terry, chaplain to the English ambassador
Pleasant and Interesting Observations and the Sacramento and Nona Senhora to the Great Mogul, landed at the Cape
upon the Country and the Natives of the da Atalaze. Stranger and sadder adven- in June, 1615; his account of the
Cape of Good Hope, extracted from the tures never were than befell these stately attempt to colonize it with English
Writings of the Early Travellers. By Portuguese adventurers, men like Dom convicts is interesting, and the euphuist,
Ian D. Colvin. (T. C. & E. C. Jack. ) Sebastian Cobo da Silveira, who “cared Sir Thomas Herbert, made the most of his
THAT close time for books on South
not for death, but for the bad treatment nineteen days at the Cape amid the
Africa which the judicious crave would die in the wilderness “fat and in good
shown to his person,” and so sat down to accursed progeny of them.
The more famous travellers follow-
have this advantage, among other gains, health, with his strength unimpaired, Le Vaillant, great in love as in the field,
that “ the neglected classics of the Cape because he would not venture to proceed “the Tartarin of real life,” Mr. Colvin
of Good Hope,” as Mr. Ian Colvin calls
We are sure that Mr. Andrew aptly calls him; naturalists like Lichten-
a fascinating book, might at last have Lang, like Mrs. Micawber, “never will steinand Burchell; and Barrow and Percival,
a fascinating book, might at last have desert " the muse of Sir H. Rider Haggard. who reflect the Cape of the first British
their innings. What tremendous
terial they contain is known faintly to perils by land which followed—the caravan first English South African shikari, who
But these tales of shipwreck and of the occupation.
Sir William Harris, one of the
the occasional browser among the Cape going forward with the crucifix carried visited – in 1836-7 - Mosilikatse, the
archives, or in such an African library, as before, tortures of hunger and thirst, Matabele king;. Owen the missionary,
that of Mr. Sidney, Mendelssohn, the the weak and sick inevitably deserted, who actually witnessed the massacre of
bibliographer of South Africa, in which
Mr. Colvin himself has run free. But for the attacks of savages, the handful of Piet Retief and his party in 1838; and
the average lover of good reading the survivors in the end winning through- Fynn in Natal—1825-in relation with
records of the old travellers are a fountain these features, repeated, but varied in Chaka and Dingaan, yield excerpts of
sealed. We shall be surprised if this every instance, offer a new world of various but absorbing interest.
compilation does not achieve its purpose, himself gives no greater effect of reality. living scholars, Mr. Colvin's anthology is
sinister and romantic sensation. Defoe Dedicated to Mr. Mendelssohn among
and lead not only South Africans, but The abandonment of the ailing occurs inscribed to the memory of another, the
all who love the romance of adventure,
to seek intimate acquaintance with
those again and again in poignant phrases. Rev. H. C. von Leibbrandt, the Cape
sailors, soldiers, missionaries, explorers, forced to leave her child,
When Dona Joanna de Mendoca was
archivist. In “the dim quiet cellars of
naturalists, who make up the South
Parliament House," Capetown, the Cape
African classics. The green unknowing " she turned her back upon the ship, and, politicians sparring overhead, sat Mr.
may then thank Mr. Colvin for opening lifting her eyes to heaven, offered to God Leibbrandt," forgetting and forgotten
to them a new and an enchanted world. her tender, child in sacrifice, like another by the noisy world above," surrounded
But not less is their debt who, more or
Isaac, begging His mercy for herself, knowing by yellow archives, wearing “a black
less familiar with the authorities, have He would have her in safe keeping. "
well that the child was innocent and that velvet skull-cap over his white hair. ”
yet felt lost among them as in some
As man and scholar the venerable archivist
trackless forest, sorely desiring the help Dona Leonor, wife to Manuel de Sousa, was equally admirable, knowing every
of an anthologist to order and control stripped that her clothing might appease hole and corner of Cape history and serving
their reading: “By no means scientific the Kaffirs, covers herself with her hair, only the truth-even when he must offend
or complete," Mr. Colvin modestly calls makes a pit in the sand, and bids the his compatriots by publishing the Slachters
his collection, and no doubt there are pilot and his mates go on your way and Nek papers, which in no wise bear out
omissions. But from Barros and the try to save yourselves, and commend the familiar Dutch rendering of that
Roteiro and the nameless immortals who us to God. ” " And they, seeing that episode. He was Mr. Colvin's guide and
chronicled, or were chronicled, for Ber- in their part they could in no wise tutor in the Cape classics, and this antho-
nardo Gomes de Brito in the Historia relieve the sorrow. . . . went on their way, logy is brought as a little wreath of
Tragico Maratimo,' down past Van Rie- endeavouring to save their lives. " There withered leaves in his grave. ”
beeck and his successors in the Dutch were things more terrible.
Leibbrandt's work was starved by
archives to Kolbe and Paterson and Lo
successive Cape Governments. It would
Vaillant and Barrow and Burchell and
'Often in the camp at night [Francis
Hynn, his two score separate authorities meat which had an excellent smeli like pork, should be moved hereafter to publish his
Vaz d’Almada writes] I saw quantities of be pleasant if the Union Government
are .
so that one day, when my comrade Gregory
'Précis of the Archives ’ in decent print
the wood as well as the trees.
de Vidanha relieved me on guard, he told and binding.
ma-
66
## p. 464 (#350) ############################################
464
No. 4409, APRIL 27, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
woman.
ones.
are
on
The gravest flaw of all in the divorce law other pieces. A genuine feeling for music
of England is its flagrant inequality as and bird-life sets one or two of these well
NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS.
between rich and poor and as between man above the ordinary level of verse.
(Notice in those columns does not preclude longer
and
To offer to the ordinary
roviow. )
wage-earner an escape from unhappy mar- Scheffauer (Herman), DRAKE IN CALIFORNIA,
Tbeology.
riage at the price of 401. to 601. is, in effect,
Ballads and Poems, 2/6 net. Fifield
to deny it. In practice he or she is apt to We can find little to commend in this
Crockford's Clerical Directory, 1912, 201. Cox take a second partner in defiance of the volume. The author uses a poetic diction
The well-known guide is, as usu ad- law, either removing to a new place or which gives to his work an air of insincerity.
mirably full and accurate in its details.
trusting that neighbours will condone what His ballads, in particular, seem at best
The Preface is of interest, dealing with is felt to be really a second marriage. A a skilful counterfeit of emotion only half
several points of prime importance to the similar result is actually fostered by that realized, and at worst mere metrical exercises.
clergy, but the editor seems to have deserted cheap form of partial divorce known as a The four translations from Nietzsche, . re-
the easier tone of his predecessors for a judicial separation, which permits no re- printed from the recent English edition,
style which approximates to the sermon, marriage.
are the best things in the book. Several of
and is somewhat diffuse.
poetry.
the other poems have appeared in The
Home University Library of Modern Know-
New Age, Nation, Century Magazine, and
Bottomley (Gordon), CHAMBERS OF IMAGERY other periodicals.
ledge, 1/net each. Williams & Norgate
(Second Series), 1/ not. á Elkin Mathews
BUDDHISM, by Mrs. Rhys Davids.
This is a remarkably individual book. The Wagstaff (Jeanie Marion), A TALE OF OLD
Mrs. Rhys Davids's book on Buddhism author has a manner of his own ; his verse CRETE, AND OTHER POEMS.
is particularly useful as a short and readable shows thought and a good deal of ima-
Simpkin & Marshall
This volume contains a number of semi-
introduction to the subject, but we should ginative power; and he is an artist, but
have liked a fuller bibliography.
that sometimes leads him to choose a rare classical narrative poems, pitched in a some-
word or construction instead of a common what monotonous key, with miscellaneous
NONCONFORMITY, by Principal W. B. one, to the annoyance of a reader who short
The metrical schemes
Selbie.
objects to being made to translate his native never sufficiently varied in stresses, and the
The historical part of Principal Selbie's tongue. We were always expecting to tales run too smoothly. The author speaks
work will be found more useful than his come upon some poem of really high merit, over-patently “in the language of silver,”
pronouncements the position to-day. but we did not find it.
and keeps her undoubted pictorial qualities
The latter portion has all the indications of a
Contemporary French Poetry, selected and choice of conventional adjectives she re-
at a level of average achievement. * In her
fair-minded man struggling to present ade- translated by Jethro Bithell, 1/
quately the case of those from whom he
minds us of the early eighteenth-century
differs with respect.
Walter Scott Publishing Co, school, as in the rather sophisticated nature
This is an exceptionally well-proportioned of the writing.
Waylen (Hector), MOUNTAIN PATHWAYS : and embracing anthology. Mr. Bithell is
A STUDY IN THE ETHICS OF THE SERMON steeped in the peculiar fragrance of the Sym: Wilcox (Ella Wheeler), POEMS, 1/6 net.
ON THE MOUNT, with a New Translation bolists, and his power of transmitting it
Gay & Hancock
and Critical Notes, 3/6 net, Kegan Paul untarnished is remarkable. His achieve- A selection bound in limp leather from
Second edition, revised and enlarged, ment is the outcome of a profound knowledge the works of this popular, but commonplace
with Introductory Letter by F. C. Burkitt.
and sympathy, enriched by poetic taste and poetess.
a vocabulary well adapted to do justice to
Law.
the moods of the “Décadents " and their
Bibliography.
Russell (Earl), DIVORCE, 2/6 net.
niceties of atmosphere. The Introduction,
Cambridge University Library : REPORT OF
Heinemann
if a trifle over-appreciative, is nevertheless
LIBRARY SYNDICATE
Upon the subject of divorce there have finely erudite, and its presentation of the
YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31st, 1911.
long been two conflicting views, both of
tendencies of the reaction against the
which are to some extent represented in the
“Parnassians? is masterly. There should
Cambridge University Press
have been an index of names.
The fifty-eighth annual report presented
existing English code. Naturally, the English
to the Senate, discussing finance, the pro-
marriage laws, halting, thus between two Evans (F. Gwynne), IN MANTLE BLUE, motion of co-operation among the various
opinions, are illogical, incomplete, and full 3/6 net.
Elkin Mathews University libraries, and suggestions for
of anomalies. It is therefore a good There is little to detain us here. A fond- organization, and recording donations and
deed to set forth in a brief comprehensible ness for the names and scenes which history purchases during the year.
manner both what the defects are in the has consecrated seems to weigh like a load
marriage laws of this country, and how upon the author's individuality. His utter-
Wigan Public Libraries : ANNUAL REPORT
those defects arose. Marriage, in the eyes
ance is often derivative, and his verse, while
OF CHIEF LIBRARIAN.
Wigan, Wall
of the old ecclesiastical courts, was a sacra- free from startling faults, has no outstanding There
some interesting statistics
ment and indissoluble. The Church, in its | virtues.
in this report. In the Central Reference
rules and practice, regarded not the general frogley (Charles Herbert), THE MORNING'S Library books of history, biography, and
welfare of the community-the idea of which, CUP, AND OTHER POEMS, 1/ net.
travel were consulted more frequently than
indeed, had not then dawned--but the in-
Fifield
those upon any other subject, and, with the
dividual morals of the married pair ; the
notion of punishment and discipline was
There is a note of real passion in the exception of persons classified as students,
author's love of the morning, the spring, of readers. From the general library over
commercial travellers were the largest class
always present ; and from this notion is the birds, and the flowers, and he
derived the preposterous position of the in something of the true lyric strain his fresh seventy thousand works of fiction were
English law, which actually denies divorco enjoyment and unaffected pleasure in the issued, and only six hundred and thirty
because the parties concerned agree in simple things of life. His verse is, indeed,
books on law and politics !
wishing for it.
not always equally felicitous, but after a
The other view of divorce is the modern surfeit of forced raptures and mechanical
Pbilosopby.
one, which sees marriage as a civil contract, organ-grinding it comes as a welcome change. Monist (The), April, 60c.
liable, like other contracts, to defects that
may, justify the cancelling of it. According Hardy (O. N. ), AT AMISBÜHL. Ouseley
Chicago, Open Court Publishing Co.
to this view-held by nearly all Protestant
A rhetorical tour de force in verse, with
The current number of this magazine
countries—it is not good, either for indi-
mountainous country for theme. It draws devoted to the philosophy of science contains
viduals or for the community, that men and
the usual ethical parallels by means of the
women should be held together by a nominal
usual inflated apostrophe, and differs in and Hilbert by M. Henri Poincaré. A
an important criticism of the logics of Russell
bond, when all that makes marriage a
no respect from its countless brethren.
reprint of a letter of 1727 from the Rev.
union has ceased. More than a nominal Law (Alice), IMAGINARY SONNETS OF Tasso James Bradley, Savilian Professor of Astron
bond no law can impose; the deeper TO LEONORA, AND OTHER POEMS, 1/ net. nomy at Oxford, to Edmund Halley, is the
essentials of marriage-mutual confidence,
Elkin Mathews most interesting of the other contributions.
congeniality, sympathy, and respect - lie Miss Law's previous work showed a con-
beyond the
power of outward com. siderable mastery over the form of the Pollock (Sir Frederick), SPINOZA, HIS LIFE
pulsion. As Lord Russell truly says, sonnet. In the present volume the sequence
AND PHILOSOPHY, 5/ net. Duckworth
where husband and wife are living apart upon the love of Tasso for the Princess Appears in the Crown Library. We
because they cannot endure to live together, Leonora has the same metrical skill, but welcome the reissue of the second edition
their marriage is actually dissolved, however we miss the fresh note and spontaneous (1899) of this admirable study. Spinoza
much the law may declare it to be valid. utterance which appear in the best of the is not easy reading in any form, but Sir
THE
FOR
THE
are
## p. 465 (#351) ############################################
No. 4409, APRIL 27, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
465
AND
THE
THE
Frederick Pollock contrives to make his Stryienski (Casimir), THE DAUGHTERS OF by Mr. John Blair. The Introduotion by
system fairly intelligible to the general LOUIS XV. (MESDAMES DE FRANCE), Mr. W. Forbes Gray says just what could
reader, and, from a philosopher's point of translated by Cranstoun Metcalfe, 10/6 be wished. Dreamthorp deserves to sur-
view, the book has not been superseded net.
Chapman & Hall vive, but this book of Skye, also of Edinburgh
by any more recent work accessible in A faithful and conscientious portraiture and Glasgow, is by far the best of Smith's
English.
of the five pathetic daughters of “ Louis writings. After forty-seven years it is
the Well-Beloved " : Mesdames Louise- admirably fresh and vigorous, an excellent
bistory and Biograpby.
Elizabeth, the ambitious Duchess of Parma, epitome of old memories, of Scottish scenery
much of whose life is hidden in obscurity; and character,
European Years: the Letters of an Idle Henriette, who died "en sa belle jeunesse >;
Man, edited by George Edward Wood-
the characterless Sophie ; Adélaïde, whose
Sports and pastimes.
berry, 7/6 net.
Constable conduct towards Marie Antoinette has not
Dunbar-Brunton (James), BIG GAME HUNT-
escaped the castigation of history, and
These letters are in the main woven round Victoire, both of whom survived to witness the
ING IN CENTRAL AFRICA, 10/6 net.
jaunts and sojourns in various parts of harvest sown by the “Grand Monarque. ” The
Melrose
Europe. Their literary quality is sophis- thoroughness of this study is commendable,
We do not "feel by proxy the thrill that
ticated and pretentious. A positive absorp- since previous memoirs have attempted
comes to the sportsman over a successful
tion in platitude hardly relieves their only incidentally to place the princesses in
shot," because we are inured to this type
monotony. What are we to think of a literary
of compilation. Statistics of shooting re-
an historical perspective and continuity.
man who can write this naive sentence:
cords, which the author supplies profusely,
The presentation is conveyed with much
It is an excellent sentence you make from sympathy and delicacy, and, by the help of
are more tedious than a Blue - book, since
Landor: 'I warmed both hands at the fresh documents, correspondence, and remi-
they serve an idle purpose. Nor is the zeal
fire of life. " I have often seen that line, or niscences, brings new and copious light to
for indiscriminate slaughter a pleasant
the substance of it, but never knew to whom bear upon the careers of
feature of the latter-day hunter. There are
Mesdames,
to ascribe it " ? Moreover, the author is The book is indeed exceptionally well
a number of illustrations, mostly of dead
for ever advertising the fact that certain stocked with information, conveyed with
animals.
things are beyond him, aping a patronizing charm and distinction. There are a number Wilding (Anthony F. ), ON THE COUBT AND
simplesse which does not impress us as to of facsimiles and reproductions of portraits.
OFF, 5/ net.
Methuen
the extent and strength of his knowledge. The translation is adequate.
An exciting and instructive book, written
with zest and without pretentiousness.
Home University Library of Modern Know- Watt (Francis), EDINBURGH,
The chapters devoted to unfolding the art of
ledge, 1/ net. Williams & Norgate
LOTHIANS, 10/6 net.
huen
successful play are stimulating, and those
A dozen charming illustrations in colour
retailing the reminiscences of the champion
THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR, by Frederic by Walter Dexter are the best feature
himself of the keenest interest. Mrs.
L. Paxson.
of this book. The text goes over the Larcombe writes a chapter of advice for
The American Civil War is remembered familiar ground without adding anything lady players, and M. André Gobert, a brilliant
in this country more by its effects on trade novel, and with little charm of style. There
than on its own account, and the English is a chapter headed Literary Annals of France. There are numerous illustrations.
exponent, one on the progress of the game in
literature on the subject is slight. In these Edinburgh,, filling under thirteen pages.
pages the Professor of American History These gather into one whole the complete
Education.
at the University of Wisconsin narrates literary story of the capital," says the author.
how the union of the States was brought
The complete" literary story of Edin-
Gibson (W. J. ), EDUCATION IN SCOTLAND,
A SKETCH OF THE PAST AND
about by their attempted disruption. He burgh in some four thousand words! De
PRESENT, 2/6 net.
Longmans
keeps his reader's interest throughout by Quincey's cottage was not at Lasswade,
"selected instances. .
This
but at Polton. Sydney Smith did not spell
excellent
& large number of
and characteristically
There are three maps.
his Christian name with an i (p. 214). John Scottish volume is so concise as to render any
Brown of Haddington is eulogized without ! summary difficult. As regards the past, it
Meneval (Baron de), THE EMPRESS JOSEPHINE, any mention of his connexion with the more
is generalized; as regards the future, precise
translated from the French by D. D. famous author of 'Rab. ?
