edition of
Aristotle
(1597).
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
Some time after this removal his nity first established by Pachomius; but it is
companion Palaemon died, but whether he died at doubtful if this is to be understood of the original
Tabenna, or whether he had returned to his previous monastery of Tabenna, or that of Proü. The
abode, is not clear. Pachomius found, however, longer Regula, said to have been written in the
another companion in his own elder brother Joannes, Egyptian (Sahidic ? ) language, and translated into
or John, who became his disciple. But his sphere Greek, is extant in á Latin version made from the
of influence was now to be enlarged. Directed Greek by Jerome. It is preceded by a Praefatio,
by what he regarded as a Divine intimation, he in which Jerome gives an account of the monasteries
began to incite men to embrace a monastic life ; and of Tabenna as they were in his time. Care (Hist.
obtaining first three disciples, and then many more, Litt. ad ann. 340, vol. i. p. 208, ed. Oxford, 1740
formed them into a community, and prescribed –1743) disputes the genuineness of this Regula,
rules for their guidance. As the community grew and questions not only the title of Pachomius to
in number, he appointed the needful officers for the authorship of it, but also the title of Jerome to
their regulation and instruction. He built a church be regarded as the translator. He thinks that it
as a place of worship and instruction for the poor may embody the rule of Pachomius as augmented
shepherds of the neighbourhood, to whom, as there by his successors. It is remarkable that this Re-
was no other reader, he read the Scriptures. The gula, which comprehends in all a hundred and
bishop of Tentyra would have raised him to the ninety-four articles, is divided into several parts,
rank of presbyter, and requested Athanasius, pa- each with separate titles ; and Tillemont supposes
triarch of Alexandria, when visiting the Thebaïd, that they are separate pieces, collected and arranged
to ordain him : but Pachomius, being aware of the by Benedictus Anianus. This Regula was first
design, hid himself until the patriarch had departed. published at Rome by Achilles Statius, A. D. 1575,
His refusal of the office of presbyter did not and then by Petrus Ciacconus, also at Rome, a. D.
diminish his reputation or influence ; new disciples 1588. It was inserted in the Supplementum Biblio-
flocked to him, of whom Theodorus or Theodore was thecae Patrum of Morellus, vol. i. Paris, 1639; in
the most illustrious, new monasteries sprung up in the Bibliotheca Putrum Ascetica, vol. i. Paris, 1661;
his neighbourhood, including one for women, founded in the Codex Regularum of Holstenius, Rome, A. D.
by his sister. Of these several communities he was 1661 ; and in successive editions of the Bibliotheca
visitor and regulator general, appointing his disciple Patrum, from that of Cologn. A. D. 1618: it appears
Theodore superior of his original monastery of Ta- in vol. iv. of the edition of Lyon, A. D. 1677, and
benna, and himself removing to the monastery of in vol. iv. of the edition of Gålland, Venice, A. D.
Proü, which was made the head of the monasteries of 1765, &c. It is given also in Vallarsi's edition of
the district. He died of a pestilential disorder, which the works of Jerome, vol. ii. pars i. 2. Monita,
had broken out among the monks, apparently in extant in a Latin version first published by Gerard
A. D. 348, a short time before the death or expulsion Vossius, with works of Gregorius Thaumaturgus,
of the Arian patriarch, Gregory (GREGORIUS, No. 4to. Mayence, 1604, and given in the Bibliotheca
3], and the restoration of Athanasius [ATHANA- Patrum (ubi supra). 3. ss. PP. Puchomü et
sius], at the age, if his birth is rightly fixed in Theodori Epistolae et l'erba Mystica. Eleven of
A. D. 292, of fifty-six. Some place his death in these letters are by Pachomius. They abound in
A. D. 360.
incomprehensible allusions to certain mysteries con-
In speaking of Pachomius as the founder of tained in or signified by the letters of the Greek
mouastic institutions, it must not be supposed that alphabet. They are extant in the Latin version of
he was the founder of the monastic life. Antonius, Jerome (Opera, l. c. and Bibliotheca Patrum, l. c. ),
Ammonas, Paulus and others [ANTONIUS; Am- who subjoined theni as an appendix to the Regula,
MONAS; Paulus] had devoted themselves to but without explaining, probably without under-
religious solitude before him ; and even the practice standing, the hidden signification of the alphabe-
of persons living an ascetic life in small communities tical clraracters, which were apparently employed as
existed before him; but in these associations there ciphers, to whi the correspondents of Pachomius
was no recognized order or government. What had the key (comp. Gennadius, De Viris Illustr. c.
Pachomius did was to form communities on a regular 7 ; Sozom. H. E. ii. 14). 4. 'Ex Tv évtowy Tou
plan, directed by a fixed rule of life, and subject to Sylov Naxovulov, Praecepta S. Pachomii s. Pa-
inspection and control
. Such monastic comniunities chumü, first published in the Acta Sanctorum, Maii,
as existed before him had no regularity, no per- vol. iii. in Latin in the body of the work, p.
manence: those which he arranged were regularly 346, and in the original Greek in the Appendix, p.
constituted bodies, the continuity of whose existence 62', and reprinted in the Bibliotheca Patrum of
was not interrupted by the death of individuals. Galland, vol. iv. , where all the extant works of
Miracles, especially divine visions, angelic conver- | Pachomius are given. (The chief authorities for
a
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PACHYMERES.
PACHYMERES.
the life and works of Pachomius are cited in the Pachymeres died probably shortly after 130:
course of the article ; add Fabric. Bibl. Graec. but some believe that bis death took place as lite
vol. ir. p. 312, &c. )
(J. C. M. ] as 1340. There is a wood-cut portrait of Pachy.
PACHO'MIUS, distinguished as the YOUNGER. meres prefixed to Wolf's edition of Nicephorus
Among the histories published by Heribert Ros- Gregoras, Basel, 1562, which the editor had
weyd (Vitae Patrum, fol. Antwerp, 1615, p. 233) engraved after a drawing of a MS. of his His-
is one of a certain Posthumius of Memphis, father toria Byzantina,“ which was then at Augsburg. "
(i. e. abbot) of five thousand monks. The MSS. Pachymeres wrote several works of importance,
bave Pachomius instead of Posthumius. The truth the principal of which are:
of the whole history is, however, strongly suspected 1. Historia Byzantina, being a history of the
by the editors of the Acta Sanctorum, who have, emperors Michael Palaeologus and Andronicus
nevertheless, printed it in the introduction to the Palaeologus, the Elder, in thirteen books, six of
account of Pachomius of Tabenna, the subject of which are devoted to the life of the former, and
the preceding article.
(J. C. M. ] seven to that of the latter. This is & most
PACHOMIUS. Valentine Ernest Loescher, in valuable source for the history of the time,
the Appendix to his Stromatea, 6. Dissertationes written with great dignity and calmness, and
Sacri et Lilerarü Argumenti, 4to. Wittemberg, 1723, with as much impartiality ae was possible in
published in the original Greek with a Latin version those stormy times, when both political and reli-
à discourse entitled Pachomü Monachi Sermonem gious questions of vital importance agitated the
contra Mores sui Saeculi et Providentiae Divinae minds of the Greeks. The style of Pachymeres
Contemtuin. Nothing is known of the author : is remarkably good and pure for his age. It
but from internal evidence afforded by the work would seem as if Wolf intended to publish this
itself, it is probable that he was either an Egyptian work from the above-mentioned Augsburg codex,
or Syrian, and wrote not long after the subjugation but was prevented from doing so by causes not known
of his native country by the Saracens in the seventh to us. That Codex, however, was not complete,
century. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec, vol. ir. p. 313, but the remaining portions were discovered by
note n. sub fin. )
[J. C. M. ] Petavius in Paris, who published them in Greek,
PACHY'MERES, GEORGIUS (reapyos ó together with the History of St. Gregoras, some
Maxvuephs), one of the niost important of the fragments of Nicephorus Gregoras and others, Paris,
later Byzantine writers, was born in, or about 1616, 8vo. The complete editio princeps, how.
A. D. 1242 at Nicaea, whither his father, an inha- ever, is that of Petrus Possinus, Greek and Latin,
bitant of Constantinople, had fled after the capture Rome, 1666–69, 2 vols. fol. To each of the two
of Constantinople by the Latins, in 1204. Thence lives the editor wrote a very valuable commentary,
Pachymeres sometimes calls himself a Constan- the one like the other divided into three books,
tinopolitan. After receiving a careful and learned and in both cases the first contains a Glossarium,
education, he left Nicaea in 1261, and took up his the second Notes, and the third the Chronology of
abode in Constantinople, which had then just been the period. He added to it “Liber de Sapientia
retaken by Michael Palaeologus. Here Pachy- Indorum,” being a Latin translation of an Arabic
meres became a priest. It appears that besides work on that subject which was known to, and is
divinity he also, according to the spirit of the referred to, by Pachymeres. Immanuel Bekker
time, studied the law, for in after years he was published a reprint of this edition, revised in
promoted to the important posts of 1pWTÉKTIKOS, or several places, but without the “ Liber de Sap:-
advocate general of the church (of Constan- entia," Bonn, 1835, 2 vols. 8vo. , which belongs to
tinople), and Alkaloqúnał, or chief justice to the the Bonn Collection of the Byzantines.
imperial court, perhaps in ecclesiastical matters, 2. Kao cautóv, a poetical autobiography of
which, however, were of high political importance Pachymeres which is lost, and the existence of
in the reigns of Michael Palaeologus and his suc- which is only known by the author giving two
cessor, Andronicus the elder. As early as 1267 fragments of it in his History. Were this work
he accompanied, perhaps as secretary, three extant, we should know more of the life of so
imperial commissioners to the exiled patriarch important a man as Pachymeres.
Arsenius, in order to investigate his alleged par- 3. Epitome in universam fere Aristotelis Phila
ticipation in an alleged conspiracy against the life sophiam. A Latin version by Philip Bech, to.
of Michael Palaeologus. They succeeded in recon- gether with some writings of Synesius, Basel,
ciling these two chiefs of the state and the church. 1560, fol. ; the Greek text, with a Latin version,
The emperor Michael having made preparatory Augsburg, 1600, fol. , by J. Wagelin, who ascribes
steps towards effecting a union of the Greek and it to one Gregorius Aneponymus.
Latin churches, Pachymeres sided with the pa- 4. Epitome Philosophiae Aristotelige, a portion
triarch Joseph, who was against the union ; and of No. 3, ed. 1, Gr. et Lat. by Jacob. Foscarini,
when the emperor wrote in defence of the union Venice, 1532, under the title “ De Sex Defini-
Pachymeres, together with Jasites Job, drew up tionibus Philosophiae," which Camerarius inserted
an answer in favour of the former state of sepa- in his edition of the Categories of Aristotle.
ration. It was Pachymeres wbo was the author 2. A Latin version by J. B. Rasarius, Paris,
of the deed of abdication of the patriarch Joannes 1547. 3. The Greek Text, ibid. , 1548. 4. Gr.
Beccus. When the emperor Andronicus repealed et Lat. by Edward Barnard, Oxon. , 1666.
the union, Pachymeres persuaded the patriarch 5. Περί ατόμων γραμμών, a Paraphrase of
Georgius Cyprius, who was for it, to abdicate. Aristotle's work on the same subject (on indi-
It seems that Pachymeres also devoted some of visible lines). It was formerly attributed to
his time towards teaching, because one of his dis- Aristotle himself, and appeared as such in the
ciples was Manuel Phile, who wrote an iambic earlier editions of that philosopher. The first
Doem on his death, which is given by Leo Allatius edition, with the name of Pachymeres in the
quoted below.
title, is that by Casaubon, who affixed it to his
1
## p. 80 (#96) ##############################################
83
PACIDII.
PACORUS.
edition of Aristotle (1597). The first separate in the battle of Tegea, B. C. 46 (Hirt. B. Afr.
tuition, with a Latin translation, was published 13, 78).
by J. Schegk, Paris, 1629, 12mo.
M. PACI’LIUS, described by Cicero as “homo
6. Ilapappaois els td Toù dylov Alovvolou Toù egens et levis," was the accuser of Sthenius before
Apeonayltou euphoróueva, which the author wrote Verres (Cic. Verr. ii. 38, 40). The Paciliana
at the suggestion of Athanasius, patriarch of domus, which Q. Cicero wished to purchase, must
Alexandria. Editions : Greek, by Gulielmus have belonged to a different Pacilius. (Cic. ad Att.
Morellus, Paris, 1561; Greek and Latin, in the i. 14. $ 7. )
two editions of the works of Dionysius Areopagita, PACILUS, a family name of the patrician
by Petrus Lansselius, Paris, 1615, fol. , and by Furia gens.
B. Corderius, Antwerp, 1634, fol.
1. Č. Furius Pacilus Fusus, consul B. C. 441
7. De Processione Spiritus Sancti, in Leo Allatius, with M'. Papirius Crassus (Liv. iv. 12). He was
Gruecia Orthodoxa; a short treatise.
censor B. C. 435 with M. Geganius Macerinus :
8. 'Exopaois Toll Avyovotewvos, a description the events of his censorship are given under Mace-
of the column erected by Justinian the Great in RINUS, No. 3. (Liv. iv. 22, 24, ix. 33, 31. ) He
commemoration of his victories over the Persians, was one of the consular tribunes in B. C. 426, and
in the church of St. Sophia in Constantinople. It was unsuccessful in a battle against the Veientines
was published by Boivin in his Notes to Nice- (Liv. iv. 31).
phorus Gregoras.
2. C. Furius Pacili's, son of the preceding,
9. Several minor works.
was consul B. C. 412 with Q. Fabius Vibulanus
(Leo Allatius, Diatriba de Georgiis ; Hankius, Ambustos (Liv. iv. 52).
Script. Byzant. ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. 3. C. Furius C. F. C. N. PACILUS (Fasti Capit. ),
p. 775, &c. )
[W. P. ) was consul B. C. 251 with L. Caecilius Metellus in
PACIACUS, L. JU'NIUS, served under the first Punic war. The history of their con-
Caesar in the Spanish war, B. C. 45, and was sent sulship is given under METELLUS, No. l.
by Caesar with six cohorts and some cavalry to PACONIANUS, SEXTIUS, one of the bold
strengthen Ulia, which was besieged by Cn. Pom- and unscrupulous agents of Sejanus, was involved
pey. (Auct. B. Hisp. 3; Cic. ad Fam. vi. 18, ad in the fall of his master, to the great joy of the
Att. xii. 2. ) Paciacus, which Drumann preserves senators, whose secrets he had frequently betrayed.
(Gesch. Roms, vol. iv. p. 5-2), is hardly a Roman He was sentenced to death in a. D. 32, unless he
name. Orelli reads Paciaecus, which is preferable ; / gave information ; but in consequence of his doing
but it may perhaps be Pucianus, a name which so, the sentence was not carried into execution.
occurs elsewhere sometimes with one c and some- He remained in prison till A. D. 35, in which year
times with two. [PACCIANUS, PACIANUS. ) lie was strangled on account of bis having written
PACIACUS, VI'BIUS, sheltered M. Crassus some libellous verses against Tiberius while in
in Spain, when he fled thither to escape the pro- confinement. (Tac. Ann. vi. 3, 4, 39. )
scription of Marius and Cinna. (Plut. Crass. 4. ) PACO NIUS. 1. M. Pacovius, a Roman
In this name also, as in that of Junius Paciacus, eques, violently deprived of his property by the
we ought perhaps to read Pacianus.
tribune Clodius. (Cic. pro Mi. 27. )
PACIAECUS. (Pachacus. ]
2. Paconius, described by Cicero as some My-
PACIA'NUS, bishop of Barcelona, in Spain, sian or Phrygian, who complained of Q. Cicero
flourished A. D. 370, and died at an advanced age, (Cic. ad Qu. Fr. i. l. 86). Perhaps we ought to
under Theodosius. Jerome describes him (de Vir. read Paeonius.
Illustr. p. 192, Francf. 1684) as renowned for his 3. M. PAconits, a legatus of Silanus, proconsul
chastity and eloquence, and says that he wrote of Asia, was one of his accusers in a. D. 22. Pa-
several works, of which he expressly mentions conius was afterwards put to death by Tiberius
those against the Novatians, and one entitled képkos. on a charge of treason. He was the father of Pa-
A work of Pacianus against the Novatians is still conius Agrippinus. (Tac. Ann. iii. 67 ; Suet. Tib.
extant, in the form of three letters addressed to a 61. )
Novatian of the name of Sempronius. The work 4. PaconiUS AGRIPPINUS. (AGRIPPINUS, P.
called by Jerome képbos, that is cervus, for the 82, a. ]
former has by some accident got into the text from PA'CORUS (Hákopos), a common Parthian
the Greek version, is no longer extant; but Pa- name.
cianus tells us, in a treatise of his which has come 1. The son of Orodes I. (Arsaces XIV. ), king
down to us, and which is entitled Paraenesis sire of Parthia His history is given under ARSACES
Erhurtatorius Libellus ad Poenitentiam, that he had XIV. , p. 356.
written a book called Cervulus. We also possess a 2. A contemporary of Pacorus, the son of Orodes
work of Pacianus on Baptism, intended for the use [No. 1], was one of the royal cup-bearers. After
of catechumens. The works of Pacianus have Pacorus, the son of Orodes, had conquered Saxa,
been published by Tilius, Paris, 1538 ; by Paulus Antony's quaestor (B. C. 40), and had overrun a
Manutius, Rome, 1564 ; and in the Bibl. Putr. great part of Syria, Antigonus, the son of Aristo-
Marim. vol. iv. pp. 305-319.
bulus, applied to him for help to restore him to the
Pacianus had a son, Flavius Dexter, a friend of Jewish throne. This request was immediately
Jerome, who dedicated to him his work, De Viris complied with ; and Pacorus, the cup-bearer, was
Ilustribus. [FLAVIUS, p. 174, b. ]
sent with a large force against Jerusalem. The
PACIDEIANUS, a gladiator mentioned in a city surrendered: Hyrcanus and Phasaël were taken
passage of Lucilius, which is quoted or referred prisoners, and Herod fled to Rome. (Joseph. Antio.
to more than once by Cicero (Opt.
companion Palaemon died, but whether he died at doubtful if this is to be understood of the original
Tabenna, or whether he had returned to his previous monastery of Tabenna, or that of Proü. The
abode, is not clear. Pachomius found, however, longer Regula, said to have been written in the
another companion in his own elder brother Joannes, Egyptian (Sahidic ? ) language, and translated into
or John, who became his disciple. But his sphere Greek, is extant in á Latin version made from the
of influence was now to be enlarged. Directed Greek by Jerome. It is preceded by a Praefatio,
by what he regarded as a Divine intimation, he in which Jerome gives an account of the monasteries
began to incite men to embrace a monastic life ; and of Tabenna as they were in his time. Care (Hist.
obtaining first three disciples, and then many more, Litt. ad ann. 340, vol. i. p. 208, ed. Oxford, 1740
formed them into a community, and prescribed –1743) disputes the genuineness of this Regula,
rules for their guidance. As the community grew and questions not only the title of Pachomius to
in number, he appointed the needful officers for the authorship of it, but also the title of Jerome to
their regulation and instruction. He built a church be regarded as the translator. He thinks that it
as a place of worship and instruction for the poor may embody the rule of Pachomius as augmented
shepherds of the neighbourhood, to whom, as there by his successors. It is remarkable that this Re-
was no other reader, he read the Scriptures. The gula, which comprehends in all a hundred and
bishop of Tentyra would have raised him to the ninety-four articles, is divided into several parts,
rank of presbyter, and requested Athanasius, pa- each with separate titles ; and Tillemont supposes
triarch of Alexandria, when visiting the Thebaïd, that they are separate pieces, collected and arranged
to ordain him : but Pachomius, being aware of the by Benedictus Anianus. This Regula was first
design, hid himself until the patriarch had departed. published at Rome by Achilles Statius, A. D. 1575,
His refusal of the office of presbyter did not and then by Petrus Ciacconus, also at Rome, a. D.
diminish his reputation or influence ; new disciples 1588. It was inserted in the Supplementum Biblio-
flocked to him, of whom Theodorus or Theodore was thecae Patrum of Morellus, vol. i. Paris, 1639; in
the most illustrious, new monasteries sprung up in the Bibliotheca Putrum Ascetica, vol. i. Paris, 1661;
his neighbourhood, including one for women, founded in the Codex Regularum of Holstenius, Rome, A. D.
by his sister. Of these several communities he was 1661 ; and in successive editions of the Bibliotheca
visitor and regulator general, appointing his disciple Patrum, from that of Cologn. A. D. 1618: it appears
Theodore superior of his original monastery of Ta- in vol. iv. of the edition of Lyon, A. D. 1677, and
benna, and himself removing to the monastery of in vol. iv. of the edition of Gålland, Venice, A. D.
Proü, which was made the head of the monasteries of 1765, &c. It is given also in Vallarsi's edition of
the district. He died of a pestilential disorder, which the works of Jerome, vol. ii. pars i. 2. Monita,
had broken out among the monks, apparently in extant in a Latin version first published by Gerard
A. D. 348, a short time before the death or expulsion Vossius, with works of Gregorius Thaumaturgus,
of the Arian patriarch, Gregory (GREGORIUS, No. 4to. Mayence, 1604, and given in the Bibliotheca
3], and the restoration of Athanasius [ATHANA- Patrum (ubi supra). 3. ss. PP. Puchomü et
sius], at the age, if his birth is rightly fixed in Theodori Epistolae et l'erba Mystica. Eleven of
A. D. 292, of fifty-six. Some place his death in these letters are by Pachomius. They abound in
A. D. 360.
incomprehensible allusions to certain mysteries con-
In speaking of Pachomius as the founder of tained in or signified by the letters of the Greek
mouastic institutions, it must not be supposed that alphabet. They are extant in the Latin version of
he was the founder of the monastic life. Antonius, Jerome (Opera, l. c. and Bibliotheca Patrum, l. c. ),
Ammonas, Paulus and others [ANTONIUS; Am- who subjoined theni as an appendix to the Regula,
MONAS; Paulus] had devoted themselves to but without explaining, probably without under-
religious solitude before him ; and even the practice standing, the hidden signification of the alphabe-
of persons living an ascetic life in small communities tical clraracters, which were apparently employed as
existed before him; but in these associations there ciphers, to whi the correspondents of Pachomius
was no recognized order or government. What had the key (comp. Gennadius, De Viris Illustr. c.
Pachomius did was to form communities on a regular 7 ; Sozom. H. E. ii. 14). 4. 'Ex Tv évtowy Tou
plan, directed by a fixed rule of life, and subject to Sylov Naxovulov, Praecepta S. Pachomii s. Pa-
inspection and control
. Such monastic comniunities chumü, first published in the Acta Sanctorum, Maii,
as existed before him had no regularity, no per- vol. iii. in Latin in the body of the work, p.
manence: those which he arranged were regularly 346, and in the original Greek in the Appendix, p.
constituted bodies, the continuity of whose existence 62', and reprinted in the Bibliotheca Patrum of
was not interrupted by the death of individuals. Galland, vol. iv. , where all the extant works of
Miracles, especially divine visions, angelic conver- | Pachomius are given. (The chief authorities for
a
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79
คนนี้
PACHYMERES.
PACHYMERES.
the life and works of Pachomius are cited in the Pachymeres died probably shortly after 130:
course of the article ; add Fabric. Bibl. Graec. but some believe that bis death took place as lite
vol. ir. p. 312, &c. )
(J. C. M. ] as 1340. There is a wood-cut portrait of Pachy.
PACHO'MIUS, distinguished as the YOUNGER. meres prefixed to Wolf's edition of Nicephorus
Among the histories published by Heribert Ros- Gregoras, Basel, 1562, which the editor had
weyd (Vitae Patrum, fol. Antwerp, 1615, p. 233) engraved after a drawing of a MS. of his His-
is one of a certain Posthumius of Memphis, father toria Byzantina,“ which was then at Augsburg. "
(i. e. abbot) of five thousand monks. The MSS. Pachymeres wrote several works of importance,
bave Pachomius instead of Posthumius. The truth the principal of which are:
of the whole history is, however, strongly suspected 1. Historia Byzantina, being a history of the
by the editors of the Acta Sanctorum, who have, emperors Michael Palaeologus and Andronicus
nevertheless, printed it in the introduction to the Palaeologus, the Elder, in thirteen books, six of
account of Pachomius of Tabenna, the subject of which are devoted to the life of the former, and
the preceding article.
(J. C. M. ] seven to that of the latter. This is & most
PACHOMIUS. Valentine Ernest Loescher, in valuable source for the history of the time,
the Appendix to his Stromatea, 6. Dissertationes written with great dignity and calmness, and
Sacri et Lilerarü Argumenti, 4to. Wittemberg, 1723, with as much impartiality ae was possible in
published in the original Greek with a Latin version those stormy times, when both political and reli-
à discourse entitled Pachomü Monachi Sermonem gious questions of vital importance agitated the
contra Mores sui Saeculi et Providentiae Divinae minds of the Greeks. The style of Pachymeres
Contemtuin. Nothing is known of the author : is remarkably good and pure for his age. It
but from internal evidence afforded by the work would seem as if Wolf intended to publish this
itself, it is probable that he was either an Egyptian work from the above-mentioned Augsburg codex,
or Syrian, and wrote not long after the subjugation but was prevented from doing so by causes not known
of his native country by the Saracens in the seventh to us. That Codex, however, was not complete,
century. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec, vol. ir. p. 313, but the remaining portions were discovered by
note n. sub fin. )
[J. C. M. ] Petavius in Paris, who published them in Greek,
PACHY'MERES, GEORGIUS (reapyos ó together with the History of St. Gregoras, some
Maxvuephs), one of the niost important of the fragments of Nicephorus Gregoras and others, Paris,
later Byzantine writers, was born in, or about 1616, 8vo. The complete editio princeps, how.
A. D. 1242 at Nicaea, whither his father, an inha- ever, is that of Petrus Possinus, Greek and Latin,
bitant of Constantinople, had fled after the capture Rome, 1666–69, 2 vols. fol. To each of the two
of Constantinople by the Latins, in 1204. Thence lives the editor wrote a very valuable commentary,
Pachymeres sometimes calls himself a Constan- the one like the other divided into three books,
tinopolitan. After receiving a careful and learned and in both cases the first contains a Glossarium,
education, he left Nicaea in 1261, and took up his the second Notes, and the third the Chronology of
abode in Constantinople, which had then just been the period. He added to it “Liber de Sapientia
retaken by Michael Palaeologus. Here Pachy- Indorum,” being a Latin translation of an Arabic
meres became a priest. It appears that besides work on that subject which was known to, and is
divinity he also, according to the spirit of the referred to, by Pachymeres. Immanuel Bekker
time, studied the law, for in after years he was published a reprint of this edition, revised in
promoted to the important posts of 1pWTÉKTIKOS, or several places, but without the “ Liber de Sap:-
advocate general of the church (of Constan- entia," Bonn, 1835, 2 vols. 8vo. , which belongs to
tinople), and Alkaloqúnał, or chief justice to the the Bonn Collection of the Byzantines.
imperial court, perhaps in ecclesiastical matters, 2. Kao cautóv, a poetical autobiography of
which, however, were of high political importance Pachymeres which is lost, and the existence of
in the reigns of Michael Palaeologus and his suc- which is only known by the author giving two
cessor, Andronicus the elder. As early as 1267 fragments of it in his History. Were this work
he accompanied, perhaps as secretary, three extant, we should know more of the life of so
imperial commissioners to the exiled patriarch important a man as Pachymeres.
Arsenius, in order to investigate his alleged par- 3. Epitome in universam fere Aristotelis Phila
ticipation in an alleged conspiracy against the life sophiam. A Latin version by Philip Bech, to.
of Michael Palaeologus. They succeeded in recon- gether with some writings of Synesius, Basel,
ciling these two chiefs of the state and the church. 1560, fol. ; the Greek text, with a Latin version,
The emperor Michael having made preparatory Augsburg, 1600, fol. , by J. Wagelin, who ascribes
steps towards effecting a union of the Greek and it to one Gregorius Aneponymus.
Latin churches, Pachymeres sided with the pa- 4. Epitome Philosophiae Aristotelige, a portion
triarch Joseph, who was against the union ; and of No. 3, ed. 1, Gr. et Lat. by Jacob. Foscarini,
when the emperor wrote in defence of the union Venice, 1532, under the title “ De Sex Defini-
Pachymeres, together with Jasites Job, drew up tionibus Philosophiae," which Camerarius inserted
an answer in favour of the former state of sepa- in his edition of the Categories of Aristotle.
ration. It was Pachymeres wbo was the author 2. A Latin version by J. B. Rasarius, Paris,
of the deed of abdication of the patriarch Joannes 1547. 3. The Greek Text, ibid. , 1548. 4. Gr.
Beccus. When the emperor Andronicus repealed et Lat. by Edward Barnard, Oxon. , 1666.
the union, Pachymeres persuaded the patriarch 5. Περί ατόμων γραμμών, a Paraphrase of
Georgius Cyprius, who was for it, to abdicate. Aristotle's work on the same subject (on indi-
It seems that Pachymeres also devoted some of visible lines). It was formerly attributed to
his time towards teaching, because one of his dis- Aristotle himself, and appeared as such in the
ciples was Manuel Phile, who wrote an iambic earlier editions of that philosopher. The first
Doem on his death, which is given by Leo Allatius edition, with the name of Pachymeres in the
quoted below.
title, is that by Casaubon, who affixed it to his
1
## p. 80 (#96) ##############################################
83
PACIDII.
PACORUS.
edition of Aristotle (1597). The first separate in the battle of Tegea, B. C. 46 (Hirt. B. Afr.
tuition, with a Latin translation, was published 13, 78).
by J. Schegk, Paris, 1629, 12mo.
M. PACI’LIUS, described by Cicero as “homo
6. Ilapappaois els td Toù dylov Alovvolou Toù egens et levis," was the accuser of Sthenius before
Apeonayltou euphoróueva, which the author wrote Verres (Cic. Verr. ii. 38, 40). The Paciliana
at the suggestion of Athanasius, patriarch of domus, which Q. Cicero wished to purchase, must
Alexandria. Editions : Greek, by Gulielmus have belonged to a different Pacilius. (Cic. ad Att.
Morellus, Paris, 1561; Greek and Latin, in the i. 14. $ 7. )
two editions of the works of Dionysius Areopagita, PACILUS, a family name of the patrician
by Petrus Lansselius, Paris, 1615, fol. , and by Furia gens.
B. Corderius, Antwerp, 1634, fol.
1. Č. Furius Pacilus Fusus, consul B. C. 441
7. De Processione Spiritus Sancti, in Leo Allatius, with M'. Papirius Crassus (Liv. iv. 12). He was
Gruecia Orthodoxa; a short treatise.
censor B. C. 435 with M. Geganius Macerinus :
8. 'Exopaois Toll Avyovotewvos, a description the events of his censorship are given under Mace-
of the column erected by Justinian the Great in RINUS, No. 3. (Liv. iv. 22, 24, ix. 33, 31. ) He
commemoration of his victories over the Persians, was one of the consular tribunes in B. C. 426, and
in the church of St. Sophia in Constantinople. It was unsuccessful in a battle against the Veientines
was published by Boivin in his Notes to Nice- (Liv. iv. 31).
phorus Gregoras.
2. C. Furius Pacili's, son of the preceding,
9. Several minor works.
was consul B. C. 412 with Q. Fabius Vibulanus
(Leo Allatius, Diatriba de Georgiis ; Hankius, Ambustos (Liv. iv. 52).
Script. Byzant. ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. 3. C. Furius C. F. C. N. PACILUS (Fasti Capit. ),
p. 775, &c. )
[W. P. ) was consul B. C. 251 with L. Caecilius Metellus in
PACIACUS, L. JU'NIUS, served under the first Punic war. The history of their con-
Caesar in the Spanish war, B. C. 45, and was sent sulship is given under METELLUS, No. l.
by Caesar with six cohorts and some cavalry to PACONIANUS, SEXTIUS, one of the bold
strengthen Ulia, which was besieged by Cn. Pom- and unscrupulous agents of Sejanus, was involved
pey. (Auct. B. Hisp. 3; Cic. ad Fam. vi. 18, ad in the fall of his master, to the great joy of the
Att. xii. 2. ) Paciacus, which Drumann preserves senators, whose secrets he had frequently betrayed.
(Gesch. Roms, vol. iv. p. 5-2), is hardly a Roman He was sentenced to death in a. D. 32, unless he
name. Orelli reads Paciaecus, which is preferable ; / gave information ; but in consequence of his doing
but it may perhaps be Pucianus, a name which so, the sentence was not carried into execution.
occurs elsewhere sometimes with one c and some- He remained in prison till A. D. 35, in which year
times with two. [PACCIANUS, PACIANUS. ) lie was strangled on account of bis having written
PACIACUS, VI'BIUS, sheltered M. Crassus some libellous verses against Tiberius while in
in Spain, when he fled thither to escape the pro- confinement. (Tac. Ann. vi. 3, 4, 39. )
scription of Marius and Cinna. (Plut. Crass. 4. ) PACO NIUS. 1. M. Pacovius, a Roman
In this name also, as in that of Junius Paciacus, eques, violently deprived of his property by the
we ought perhaps to read Pacianus.
tribune Clodius. (Cic. pro Mi. 27. )
PACIAECUS. (Pachacus. ]
2. Paconius, described by Cicero as some My-
PACIA'NUS, bishop of Barcelona, in Spain, sian or Phrygian, who complained of Q. Cicero
flourished A. D. 370, and died at an advanced age, (Cic. ad Qu. Fr. i. l. 86). Perhaps we ought to
under Theodosius. Jerome describes him (de Vir. read Paeonius.
Illustr. p. 192, Francf. 1684) as renowned for his 3. M. PAconits, a legatus of Silanus, proconsul
chastity and eloquence, and says that he wrote of Asia, was one of his accusers in a. D. 22. Pa-
several works, of which he expressly mentions conius was afterwards put to death by Tiberius
those against the Novatians, and one entitled képkos. on a charge of treason. He was the father of Pa-
A work of Pacianus against the Novatians is still conius Agrippinus. (Tac. Ann. iii. 67 ; Suet. Tib.
extant, in the form of three letters addressed to a 61. )
Novatian of the name of Sempronius. The work 4. PaconiUS AGRIPPINUS. (AGRIPPINUS, P.
called by Jerome képbos, that is cervus, for the 82, a. ]
former has by some accident got into the text from PA'CORUS (Hákopos), a common Parthian
the Greek version, is no longer extant; but Pa- name.
cianus tells us, in a treatise of his which has come 1. The son of Orodes I. (Arsaces XIV. ), king
down to us, and which is entitled Paraenesis sire of Parthia His history is given under ARSACES
Erhurtatorius Libellus ad Poenitentiam, that he had XIV. , p. 356.
written a book called Cervulus. We also possess a 2. A contemporary of Pacorus, the son of Orodes
work of Pacianus on Baptism, intended for the use [No. 1], was one of the royal cup-bearers. After
of catechumens. The works of Pacianus have Pacorus, the son of Orodes, had conquered Saxa,
been published by Tilius, Paris, 1538 ; by Paulus Antony's quaestor (B. C. 40), and had overrun a
Manutius, Rome, 1564 ; and in the Bibl. Putr. great part of Syria, Antigonus, the son of Aristo-
Marim. vol. iv. pp. 305-319.
bulus, applied to him for help to restore him to the
Pacianus had a son, Flavius Dexter, a friend of Jewish throne. This request was immediately
Jerome, who dedicated to him his work, De Viris complied with ; and Pacorus, the cup-bearer, was
Ilustribus. [FLAVIUS, p. 174, b. ]
sent with a large force against Jerusalem. The
PACIDEIANUS, a gladiator mentioned in a city surrendered: Hyrcanus and Phasaël were taken
passage of Lucilius, which is quoted or referred prisoners, and Herod fled to Rome. (Joseph. Antio.
to more than once by Cicero (Opt.
