Ulterior
Fate of Dauphiness; flies over the Rhino In bad
Fashion: Dauphiness's Ways with the Saxon Popula-
tions in her Deliverance-Work, 225.
Fashion: Dauphiness's Ways with the Saxon Popula-
tions in her Deliverance-Work, 225.
Thomas Carlyle
Friedrich does wonderfully, without
sympathy from almost anybody; and the indifference
with which he walks along, under such a cloud of
sulky stupidities, of mendacities and misconceptions,
from the herd of mankind, is decidedly admirable to me.
But let us look into the Campaign itself. Per-
haps, -- contrary to the world's opinion, and to Fried-
rich's own when, in ultra-lucid moments, he gazes into
it in the light of cold arithmetic, and finds the aspect
of it "frightful," -- this Campaign will be a little
luckier to him than the last? Unluckier it cannot well
be: -- or if so, it will at least be final to him!
END OF VOL. XI.
PEISTINQ OFFICE OF THE PUBLISHER.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:30 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijf Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? . :#?
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:30 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijf Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:30 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijf Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:30 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijf Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? t ? *
? * (w
. *. ;>*
>? -*,>>>>'
7V
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:30 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijf Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
History of Friedrich II. of Prussia, called Frederick the Great. By
Thomas Carlyle.
Carlyle, Thomas, 1795-1881. Leipzig, B. Tauchnitz, 1858-1865.
http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83
Public Domain, Google-digitized
http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
We have determined this work to be in the public domain, meaning that it is not subject to copyright. Users are free to copy, use, and redistribute the work in part or in whole. It is possible that current copyright holders, heirs or the estate of the authors of individual portions of the work, such as illustrations or photographs, assert copyrights over these portions. Depending on the nature of subsequent use that is made, additional rights may need to be obtained independently of anything we can address. The digital images and OCR of this work were produced by Google, Inc. (indicated by a watermark on each page in the PageTurner). Google requests that the images and OCR not be re-hosted, redistributed or used commercially. The images are provided for educational, scholarly, non-commercial purposes.
? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? '. . :' 'i'
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? COLLECTION
OF <<
BRITISH AUTHORS.
VOL. 764.
FREDERICK THE GREAT BY THOMAS CARLYLE.
VOL. X.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? t
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? HISTORY
OP
FRIEDRICH II. OF PRUSSIA,
CALLED
FREDERICK THE GREAT.
bY
THOMAS CAELYLE.
COPYRIGHT EDITION.
VOL. X.
LEIPZIG
BEKNHAED TAUCHNITZ
1865.
The Right of Translation is reserved.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? f COLLEGE J
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? CONTENTS
OP VOLUME X.
BOOK XVUI.
SEVEN-YEARS WAR RISES TO A HEIGHT. 1757--1759.
CHAPTKR PA(1K
I. The Campaign opens ^
Reich's Thunder, slight Survey of it; with Question,
Whitherward, if any whither? p. 9.
Friedrich suddenly marches on Prag, 15.
II. Battle op Prag 25
III. Prag cannot be got at once 57
Colonel Mayer with his "Free-Corps" Party makes a Visit, of didactic Nature, to the Reich, p. 61. Of the singular quasi-bewitched Condition of England;and what is to be hoped from it, for the Common Cause, if Prag go amiss, 66.
Phenomena of Prag Siege:--Prag Siege is interrupted, 79.
IV. Battle op Kolin 85
The Maria-Theresa Order, new Knighthood for Austria,
p. 105.
V. Friedrich at Leitmeritz, his World of Enemies
coming on 108
Prince August Wilhelm finds a bad Problem at Jung-
Buntzlau; and does it badly: Friedrich thereupon has
to rise from Leitmeritz, and take the Field elsewhere,
in bitter Haste and Impatience, with Outlooks worse
than ever, p. 128.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? CONTENTS OF VOLUME X.
CHAPTER
VI. Death op Winterfeld
PACTS
146
VII. Friedrich in Thuringen, his World of Enemies
I. Friedrich's March to Erfurt from Dresden (31st Au-
gust-- 13th September 1757), p. 156. II. The Soubise-Hildburghaussn People take into the
Hills; Friedrich in Erfurt Neighbourhood, hanging
on, Week after Week, in an Agony of Inaction (13th
September -- 10th October), 162. III. Rumour of an Inroad on Berlin suddenly sets Fried-
rich on March thither: Inroad takes Effect, -- with im-
portant Results, chiefly in a left-hand Form, 189.
Catastrophe of Dauphiness (Saturday, 5th November 1757),
p. 207.
Ulterior Fate of Dauphiness; flies over the Rhino In bad
Fashion: Dauphiness's Ways with the Saxon Popula-
tions in her Deliverance-Work, 225.
IX. Friedrich marches for Silesia 239
X. Battle of Leuthen 257
XI. Winter in Breslau: Third CamPaign oPens . . 286 Of the English Subsidy, p. 297.
Friedrich, as indeed Pitt's People and Others have done, takes the Field uncommonly early: Friedrich goes
upon Schweidnitz, as the Preface to whatever his
Campaign may be, 301.
ALL COME
153
VIII. Battle op Rossbach
'201
XII. Siege of Olmutz
. 309
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? BOOK XVIII.
SEVEN-YEARS WAR RISES TO A HEIGHT.
1757 1759.
Carlyle, Frederick lite Great. X.
1
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 1
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? Jan. --April 1757
CHAPTER L
THE CAMPAIGN OPENS.
Seldom was there seen such a combination against
any man as this against Friedrich, after his Saxon per-
formances in 1756. The extent of his sin, which is
now ascertained to have been what we saw, was at that
time considered to transcend all computation, and to
mark him out for partition, for suppression, and en-
chainment, as the general enemy of mankind. "Parti-
tion him, cut him down," said the Great Powers to one
another; and are busy, as never before, in raising forces,
inciting new alliances, and calling out the general posse
comitatus of mankind, for that salutary object. What
tempestuous fulminations in the Reichstag, and over all
Europe, England alone excepted, against this man!
Latterly the Swedes, who at first had compunctions
on the score of Protestantism, have agreed to join in
the Partitioning adventure: "It brings us his Pommern,
all Pommern ours! " cry the Swedish Parliamentary Elo-
quences (with French gold in their pocket): "At any
rate," whisper they, "it spites the Queen his Sister 1" --
and drag the poor Swedish Nation into a series of dis-
graces and disastrous platitudes it was little anticipating.
This precious French-Swedish Bargain ("Swedes to in-
vade with 25,000; France to give fair subsidy," and
bribe largely) was consummated in March;* but did
* "21st March 1757" (Stenzel, v. 38; &c).
1*
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 4 SEVEN-YEARS WAR RISES TO A HEIGHT, [book XVHt.
Jan. --April 1757.
not become known to Friedrich for some months later;
nor was it of the importance he then thought it, in the
first moment of surprise and provocation. Not indeed
of importance to anybody, except, in the reverse way,
to poor Sweden itself, and to the French, who had
spent a great deal of pains and money on it, and con-
tinued to spend, with as good as no result at all. For
there never was such a War, before or since, not even
by Sweden in the Captainless state! And the one profit
the copartners reaped from it, was some discountenance
it gave to the rumour which had risen j more exten-
sively than we should now think, and even with some
nucleus of fact in it as appears, That Austria, France
and the Catholic part of the Reich were combining to
put down Protestantism. To which they could now
answer, "See, Protestant Sweden is wfth t*s! " --- and
so weaken a little what was pretty much Friedrich's
last hold on the public sympathies at this time.
As to France itself, -- to France, Austria, Russia,
-- bound by such earthly Treaties, and the call of
very Heaven, shall they not, in united puissance and
indignation, rise to the rescue? France, touched to the
heart by such treatment of a Saxon Kurfiirst, and bound
by Treaty of Westphalia to protect all members of the
Reich (which it has sometimes, to our own knowledge,
so carefully done), is almost more ardent than Austria
itself. France, Austria, Russia; to these add Polish
Majesty himself; and latterly the very Swedes i fey
French bribery at Stockholm: these are the Partitioning
Powers; -- and their shares (let tis Spare one line to
their shares) are as follows.
The Swedes are to have Pommern in whole; Polish-
Saxon Majesty gets Magdeburg, Halle, and opulent
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? CHAP. I. ] THE CAMPAIGN OPENS. 5
Jan. --April 1757.
slices thereabouts; Austria's share, we need not say, is
that jewel of a Silesia. Czarish Majesty, on the ex-
treme East, takes Preussen, Konigsberg-Meinel Country
in whole; adds Preussen to her as yet too narrow Ter-
ritories. Wesel-Cleve Country, from the other or
Western extremity, France will take that clipping, and
make much of it. These are quite serious business-en-
gagemente, engrossed on careful parchment, that Spring
1757, and I suppose not yet boiled down into glue,
but still to be found in dusty corners, with the tape
much faded. The high heads, making preparation on
the due scale, think them not only executable, but
indubitable, and almost as good as done. Push home
upon him, as united Posse Comitatus of Mankind; in
a sacred cause of Polish Majesty and Public Justice,
how can one malefactor resist? "Aft, n^i tres-chere Reine"
and "Oh, my dearest Princess and Cousin," what a
chance has turned up!
It is computed that there are arrayed against this
one King, under their respective Kings, Empress-
Queens, Swedish Senates, Catins and Pompadours, po-
pulations to the amount of above 100 millions, -- in
after stages, I remember to have seen "150 millions1'
loosely given as the exaggerative cipher. Of armed
soldiers actually in the field against him (against
Hanover and him), in 1757, there are, by strict count,
430,000. Friedrich's own Dominions at this time con-
tain about Five Millions of Population; of Revenue
somewhat less than Two Millions sterling. New taxes he cannot legally, and will not, lay on his People. His
Schatz (ready-money Treasure, or Hoard yearly accu-
mulating for such end) is, I doubt not, well filled, --
express amount not mentioned. Of drilled men he has,
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? G SEVEN-YEARS WAR RISES TO A HEIGHT, [book Xvni.
26th--27th March 1757.
this Year, 150,000 for the field; portioned out thriftily,
-- as well beseems, against Four Invasions coming on
him from different points. In the field, 150,000 sol-
diers, probably the best that ever were; and in garri-
son, up and down (his Country being, by nature, the
least defensible of all Countries), near 40,000, which
he reckons of inferior quality. So stands the account. *
These are, arithmetically precise, his resources,? plus
only what may lie in his own head and heart, or
funded in the other heads and hearts, especially in
those 150,000, which he and his Fathers have been
diligently disciplining, to good perfection, for four
centuries come the time.
France, urged by Pompadour and the enthusiasms,
was first in the field. The French Army, in superb
equipment, though privately in poorish state of disci-
pline, took the road early in March; "March 26th and
27th," it crossed the German Border, Cleve Country
and Koln Country; had been rumoured of since Ja-
nuary and February last, as terrifically grand; and
here it now actually is, above 100,000 strong, -- 110,405, as the Army-Lists, flaming through all the
Newspapers, teach mankind. ** Bent mainly upon
Prussia, it would seem; such the will of Pompadour.
Mainly upon Prussia; Mardchal d'Estrees, crossing at
Koln, made offers even to his Britannic Majesty to be
forgiven in comparison; "Yield us a road through your
Hanover, merely a road to those Halberstadt-Magde-
* Stenzel, iv. 308, 306, v. 39; Ranke, nr. 415; Preuss, n. 389, 43,124;
&c. &c. , -- substantially true, I doubt not; but little or nothing of it so
definite and conclusively distinct as it ought, in all items, to have been,
by this time, -- had poor Dryasdust known what he was doing.
** Helden-Geschichte, iv. 391; m. 1073.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? CHAP, i. l THE CAMPAIGN OPENS. 7
Jan. --April 1757.
burg parts, your Hanover shall have neutrality! "
"Neutrality to Hanover? " sighed Britannic Majesty:
"Alas, am not I pledged by Treaty? And, alas, withal,
how is it possible, with that America hanging over
us? " and stood true. Nor is this all, on the part of
magnanimous France: there is a Soubise getting under
way withal, Soubise and 30,000, who will reinforce the
Reich's Armament, were it on foot, and be heard of by
and by! So high runs French enthusiasm at present.
A new sting of provocation to Most Christian Majesty,
it seems, has been Friedrich's conduct in that Damiens
matter (miserable attempt, by a poor mad creature, to
assassinate, or at least draw blood upon the Most
Christian Majesty*); about which Friedrich, busy and
oblivious, had never, in common politeness, been at
the pains to condole, compliment, or take any notice
whatever. And will now take the consequences, as
due! --
The Wesel-Cleve Countries these French find aban-
doned: Friedrich's garrisons have had orders to bring
off the artillery and stores, blow up what of the works
are suitable for blowing up; and join the "Britannic
Army of Observation" which is getting itself together
in those regions. Considerable Army, Britannic wholly
in the money part: new Hanoverians so many, Bruns- wickers, Biickeburgers, Sachsen-Gothaers so many;
add those precious Hanoverian-Hessian 20,000, whom
we have had in England guarding our liberties so
long, -- who are now shipped over in a lot; fair wind
and full sea to them. Army of 60,000 on paper; of
* "Evening of 5th January 1757" (exuberantly plentiful details of it,
and of the horrible Law-procedures which followed on it: in Adelung, virr,
197-220; Barbier, &e. &c).
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 8 SEVEN-YEAR8 WAR RISES TO A HEIGHT, [book Xvm.
16th April 1757.
effective, more than 50,000; Headquarters now at Biele-
feld on the Weser; -- where, "April 16th," or a few
days later, Royal Highness of Cumberland comes to
take command; likely to make a fine figure against
Marechal d'Estrees and his 100,000 French! But
there was no helping it . Friedrich, through Winter,
has had Schmettau earnestly flagitating the Hanoverian
Officialities: "The Weser is wadeable in many places,
you cannot defend the Weser! " and counselling and
pleading to all lengths, -- without the least effect.
"Wants to save his own Halberstadt lands, at our
expense! " Which was the idea in London, too:
"Don't we, by Apocalyptic Newswriters and eyesight of
our own, understand the man? " Pitt is by this time
in Office, who perhaps might have judged a little
otherwise. But Pitt's seat is altogether temporary, in-
secure; the ruling deities Newcastle and Royal High-
ness, who withal are in standing quarrel. So that
Friedrich, Schmettau, Mitchell pleaded to the deaf.
Nothing but "Defend the Weser," and ignorant Fatuity
ready for the Impossible, is to be made out there.
"Cannot help it, then," thinks Friedrich, often enough,
in bad moments; "Army of Observation will have its
fate. Happily there are only 5,000 Prussians in it,
Wesel and the other garrisons given up! "
Only 5,000 Prussians: by original Engagement,
there should have been 25,000; and Friedrich's inten-
tion is even 45,000 if he prosper otherwise. For in
January 1757 (Anniversary, or nearly so, of that
Neutrality Convention last year), there had been, --
encouraged by Pitt, as I could surmise, who always
likes Friedrich, -- a definite, much closer Treaty of
Alliance, with "Subsidy of a million sterling," Anti-
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? CHAP. I. ] THE CAMPAIGN OPENS. 9
Jan. --April 1757.
Russian "Squadron of Observation in the Baltic,"
"25,000 Prussians," and other items, which I forget.
Forget the more readily, as, owing to the strange state
of England (near suffocating in its Constitutional bed-
clothes), the Treaty could not be kept at all, or serve
as rule to poor England's exertions for Friedrich this
Year; exertions which were of the willing-minded but
futile kind, going forward pellmell, not by plan, and
could reach Friedrich only in the lump, -- had there
been any "lump" of them to sum together. But Pitt
had gone out; -- we shall see what, in Pitt's absence,
there was! So that this Treaty 1757 fell quite into
the waste-basket (not to say, far deeper, by way of
"pavement" we know where! ), -- and is not mentioned
in any English Book; nor was known to exist, till
some Collector of such things printed it, in compara-
tively recent times. "* A Treaty 1757, which, except
as emblem of the then quasi-enchanted condition of
England, and as Foreshadow of Pitt's new Treaty in
January 1758, and of three others that followed and
were kept to the letter, is not of moment farther.
Reich's Thunder, slight Survey of it; with Question,
Whitherward, if anywhitherl
The thunderous fulminations in the Reich's Diet, --
an injured Saxony complaining, an insulted Kaiser,
after vain Dehortatoriums, reporting and denouncing,
"Horrors such as these: What say you, 0 Reich? " --
have been going on since September last; and amount
to boundless masses of the liveliest Parliamentary Elo-
* "M. Koch in 1802," not very perfectly (Scholl, ni. SOnj who copies
what Koch has given).
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www.
sympathy from almost anybody; and the indifference
with which he walks along, under such a cloud of
sulky stupidities, of mendacities and misconceptions,
from the herd of mankind, is decidedly admirable to me.
But let us look into the Campaign itself. Per-
haps, -- contrary to the world's opinion, and to Fried-
rich's own when, in ultra-lucid moments, he gazes into
it in the light of cold arithmetic, and finds the aspect
of it "frightful," -- this Campaign will be a little
luckier to him than the last? Unluckier it cannot well
be: -- or if so, it will at least be final to him!
END OF VOL. XI.
PEISTINQ OFFICE OF THE PUBLISHER.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:30 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijf Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? . :#?
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:30 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijf Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:30 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijf Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:30 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijf Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? t ? *
? * (w
. *. ;>*
>? -*,>>>>'
7V
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:30 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijf Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
History of Friedrich II. of Prussia, called Frederick the Great. By
Thomas Carlyle.
Carlyle, Thomas, 1795-1881. Leipzig, B. Tauchnitz, 1858-1865.
http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83
Public Domain, Google-digitized
http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
We have determined this work to be in the public domain, meaning that it is not subject to copyright. Users are free to copy, use, and redistribute the work in part or in whole. It is possible that current copyright holders, heirs or the estate of the authors of individual portions of the work, such as illustrations or photographs, assert copyrights over these portions. Depending on the nature of subsequent use that is made, additional rights may need to be obtained independently of anything we can address. The digital images and OCR of this work were produced by Google, Inc. (indicated by a watermark on each page in the PageTurner). Google requests that the images and OCR not be re-hosted, redistributed or used commercially. The images are provided for educational, scholarly, non-commercial purposes.
? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? '. . :' 'i'
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? COLLECTION
OF <<
BRITISH AUTHORS.
VOL. 764.
FREDERICK THE GREAT BY THOMAS CARLYLE.
VOL. X.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? t
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? HISTORY
OP
FRIEDRICH II. OF PRUSSIA,
CALLED
FREDERICK THE GREAT.
bY
THOMAS CAELYLE.
COPYRIGHT EDITION.
VOL. X.
LEIPZIG
BEKNHAED TAUCHNITZ
1865.
The Right of Translation is reserved.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? f COLLEGE J
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? CONTENTS
OP VOLUME X.
BOOK XVUI.
SEVEN-YEARS WAR RISES TO A HEIGHT. 1757--1759.
CHAPTKR PA(1K
I. The Campaign opens ^
Reich's Thunder, slight Survey of it; with Question,
Whitherward, if any whither? p. 9.
Friedrich suddenly marches on Prag, 15.
II. Battle op Prag 25
III. Prag cannot be got at once 57
Colonel Mayer with his "Free-Corps" Party makes a Visit, of didactic Nature, to the Reich, p. 61. Of the singular quasi-bewitched Condition of England;and what is to be hoped from it, for the Common Cause, if Prag go amiss, 66.
Phenomena of Prag Siege:--Prag Siege is interrupted, 79.
IV. Battle op Kolin 85
The Maria-Theresa Order, new Knighthood for Austria,
p. 105.
V. Friedrich at Leitmeritz, his World of Enemies
coming on 108
Prince August Wilhelm finds a bad Problem at Jung-
Buntzlau; and does it badly: Friedrich thereupon has
to rise from Leitmeritz, and take the Field elsewhere,
in bitter Haste and Impatience, with Outlooks worse
than ever, p. 128.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? CONTENTS OF VOLUME X.
CHAPTER
VI. Death op Winterfeld
PACTS
146
VII. Friedrich in Thuringen, his World of Enemies
I. Friedrich's March to Erfurt from Dresden (31st Au-
gust-- 13th September 1757), p. 156. II. The Soubise-Hildburghaussn People take into the
Hills; Friedrich in Erfurt Neighbourhood, hanging
on, Week after Week, in an Agony of Inaction (13th
September -- 10th October), 162. III. Rumour of an Inroad on Berlin suddenly sets Fried-
rich on March thither: Inroad takes Effect, -- with im-
portant Results, chiefly in a left-hand Form, 189.
Catastrophe of Dauphiness (Saturday, 5th November 1757),
p. 207.
Ulterior Fate of Dauphiness; flies over the Rhino In bad
Fashion: Dauphiness's Ways with the Saxon Popula-
tions in her Deliverance-Work, 225.
IX. Friedrich marches for Silesia 239
X. Battle of Leuthen 257
XI. Winter in Breslau: Third CamPaign oPens . . 286 Of the English Subsidy, p. 297.
Friedrich, as indeed Pitt's People and Others have done, takes the Field uncommonly early: Friedrich goes
upon Schweidnitz, as the Preface to whatever his
Campaign may be, 301.
ALL COME
153
VIII. Battle op Rossbach
'201
XII. Siege of Olmutz
. 309
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? BOOK XVIII.
SEVEN-YEARS WAR RISES TO A HEIGHT.
1757 1759.
Carlyle, Frederick lite Great. X.
1
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 1
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? Jan. --April 1757
CHAPTER L
THE CAMPAIGN OPENS.
Seldom was there seen such a combination against
any man as this against Friedrich, after his Saxon per-
formances in 1756. The extent of his sin, which is
now ascertained to have been what we saw, was at that
time considered to transcend all computation, and to
mark him out for partition, for suppression, and en-
chainment, as the general enemy of mankind. "Parti-
tion him, cut him down," said the Great Powers to one
another; and are busy, as never before, in raising forces,
inciting new alliances, and calling out the general posse
comitatus of mankind, for that salutary object. What
tempestuous fulminations in the Reichstag, and over all
Europe, England alone excepted, against this man!
Latterly the Swedes, who at first had compunctions
on the score of Protestantism, have agreed to join in
the Partitioning adventure: "It brings us his Pommern,
all Pommern ours! " cry the Swedish Parliamentary Elo-
quences (with French gold in their pocket): "At any
rate," whisper they, "it spites the Queen his Sister 1" --
and drag the poor Swedish Nation into a series of dis-
graces and disastrous platitudes it was little anticipating.
This precious French-Swedish Bargain ("Swedes to in-
vade with 25,000; France to give fair subsidy," and
bribe largely) was consummated in March;* but did
* "21st March 1757" (Stenzel, v. 38; &c).
1*
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 4 SEVEN-YEARS WAR RISES TO A HEIGHT, [book XVHt.
Jan. --April 1757.
not become known to Friedrich for some months later;
nor was it of the importance he then thought it, in the
first moment of surprise and provocation. Not indeed
of importance to anybody, except, in the reverse way,
to poor Sweden itself, and to the French, who had
spent a great deal of pains and money on it, and con-
tinued to spend, with as good as no result at all. For
there never was such a War, before or since, not even
by Sweden in the Captainless state! And the one profit
the copartners reaped from it, was some discountenance
it gave to the rumour which had risen j more exten-
sively than we should now think, and even with some
nucleus of fact in it as appears, That Austria, France
and the Catholic part of the Reich were combining to
put down Protestantism. To which they could now
answer, "See, Protestant Sweden is wfth t*s! " --- and
so weaken a little what was pretty much Friedrich's
last hold on the public sympathies at this time.
As to France itself, -- to France, Austria, Russia,
-- bound by such earthly Treaties, and the call of
very Heaven, shall they not, in united puissance and
indignation, rise to the rescue? France, touched to the
heart by such treatment of a Saxon Kurfiirst, and bound
by Treaty of Westphalia to protect all members of the
Reich (which it has sometimes, to our own knowledge,
so carefully done), is almost more ardent than Austria
itself. France, Austria, Russia; to these add Polish
Majesty himself; and latterly the very Swedes i fey
French bribery at Stockholm: these are the Partitioning
Powers; -- and their shares (let tis Spare one line to
their shares) are as follows.
The Swedes are to have Pommern in whole; Polish-
Saxon Majesty gets Magdeburg, Halle, and opulent
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? CHAP. I. ] THE CAMPAIGN OPENS. 5
Jan. --April 1757.
slices thereabouts; Austria's share, we need not say, is
that jewel of a Silesia. Czarish Majesty, on the ex-
treme East, takes Preussen, Konigsberg-Meinel Country
in whole; adds Preussen to her as yet too narrow Ter-
ritories. Wesel-Cleve Country, from the other or
Western extremity, France will take that clipping, and
make much of it. These are quite serious business-en-
gagemente, engrossed on careful parchment, that Spring
1757, and I suppose not yet boiled down into glue,
but still to be found in dusty corners, with the tape
much faded. The high heads, making preparation on
the due scale, think them not only executable, but
indubitable, and almost as good as done. Push home
upon him, as united Posse Comitatus of Mankind; in
a sacred cause of Polish Majesty and Public Justice,
how can one malefactor resist? "Aft, n^i tres-chere Reine"
and "Oh, my dearest Princess and Cousin," what a
chance has turned up!
It is computed that there are arrayed against this
one King, under their respective Kings, Empress-
Queens, Swedish Senates, Catins and Pompadours, po-
pulations to the amount of above 100 millions, -- in
after stages, I remember to have seen "150 millions1'
loosely given as the exaggerative cipher. Of armed
soldiers actually in the field against him (against
Hanover and him), in 1757, there are, by strict count,
430,000. Friedrich's own Dominions at this time con-
tain about Five Millions of Population; of Revenue
somewhat less than Two Millions sterling. New taxes he cannot legally, and will not, lay on his People. His
Schatz (ready-money Treasure, or Hoard yearly accu-
mulating for such end) is, I doubt not, well filled, --
express amount not mentioned. Of drilled men he has,
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? G SEVEN-YEARS WAR RISES TO A HEIGHT, [book Xvni.
26th--27th March 1757.
this Year, 150,000 for the field; portioned out thriftily,
-- as well beseems, against Four Invasions coming on
him from different points. In the field, 150,000 sol-
diers, probably the best that ever were; and in garri-
son, up and down (his Country being, by nature, the
least defensible of all Countries), near 40,000, which
he reckons of inferior quality. So stands the account. *
These are, arithmetically precise, his resources,? plus
only what may lie in his own head and heart, or
funded in the other heads and hearts, especially in
those 150,000, which he and his Fathers have been
diligently disciplining, to good perfection, for four
centuries come the time.
France, urged by Pompadour and the enthusiasms,
was first in the field. The French Army, in superb
equipment, though privately in poorish state of disci-
pline, took the road early in March; "March 26th and
27th," it crossed the German Border, Cleve Country
and Koln Country; had been rumoured of since Ja-
nuary and February last, as terrifically grand; and
here it now actually is, above 100,000 strong, -- 110,405, as the Army-Lists, flaming through all the
Newspapers, teach mankind. ** Bent mainly upon
Prussia, it would seem; such the will of Pompadour.
Mainly upon Prussia; Mardchal d'Estrees, crossing at
Koln, made offers even to his Britannic Majesty to be
forgiven in comparison; "Yield us a road through your
Hanover, merely a road to those Halberstadt-Magde-
* Stenzel, iv. 308, 306, v. 39; Ranke, nr. 415; Preuss, n. 389, 43,124;
&c. &c. , -- substantially true, I doubt not; but little or nothing of it so
definite and conclusively distinct as it ought, in all items, to have been,
by this time, -- had poor Dryasdust known what he was doing.
** Helden-Geschichte, iv. 391; m. 1073.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? CHAP, i. l THE CAMPAIGN OPENS. 7
Jan. --April 1757.
burg parts, your Hanover shall have neutrality! "
"Neutrality to Hanover? " sighed Britannic Majesty:
"Alas, am not I pledged by Treaty? And, alas, withal,
how is it possible, with that America hanging over
us? " and stood true. Nor is this all, on the part of
magnanimous France: there is a Soubise getting under
way withal, Soubise and 30,000, who will reinforce the
Reich's Armament, were it on foot, and be heard of by
and by! So high runs French enthusiasm at present.
A new sting of provocation to Most Christian Majesty,
it seems, has been Friedrich's conduct in that Damiens
matter (miserable attempt, by a poor mad creature, to
assassinate, or at least draw blood upon the Most
Christian Majesty*); about which Friedrich, busy and
oblivious, had never, in common politeness, been at
the pains to condole, compliment, or take any notice
whatever. And will now take the consequences, as
due! --
The Wesel-Cleve Countries these French find aban-
doned: Friedrich's garrisons have had orders to bring
off the artillery and stores, blow up what of the works
are suitable for blowing up; and join the "Britannic
Army of Observation" which is getting itself together
in those regions. Considerable Army, Britannic wholly
in the money part: new Hanoverians so many, Bruns- wickers, Biickeburgers, Sachsen-Gothaers so many;
add those precious Hanoverian-Hessian 20,000, whom
we have had in England guarding our liberties so
long, -- who are now shipped over in a lot; fair wind
and full sea to them. Army of 60,000 on paper; of
* "Evening of 5th January 1757" (exuberantly plentiful details of it,
and of the horrible Law-procedures which followed on it: in Adelung, virr,
197-220; Barbier, &e. &c).
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 8 SEVEN-YEAR8 WAR RISES TO A HEIGHT, [book Xvm.
16th April 1757.
effective, more than 50,000; Headquarters now at Biele-
feld on the Weser; -- where, "April 16th," or a few
days later, Royal Highness of Cumberland comes to
take command; likely to make a fine figure against
Marechal d'Estrees and his 100,000 French! But
there was no helping it . Friedrich, through Winter,
has had Schmettau earnestly flagitating the Hanoverian
Officialities: "The Weser is wadeable in many places,
you cannot defend the Weser! " and counselling and
pleading to all lengths, -- without the least effect.
"Wants to save his own Halberstadt lands, at our
expense! " Which was the idea in London, too:
"Don't we, by Apocalyptic Newswriters and eyesight of
our own, understand the man? " Pitt is by this time
in Office, who perhaps might have judged a little
otherwise. But Pitt's seat is altogether temporary, in-
secure; the ruling deities Newcastle and Royal High-
ness, who withal are in standing quarrel. So that
Friedrich, Schmettau, Mitchell pleaded to the deaf.
Nothing but "Defend the Weser," and ignorant Fatuity
ready for the Impossible, is to be made out there.
"Cannot help it, then," thinks Friedrich, often enough,
in bad moments; "Army of Observation will have its
fate. Happily there are only 5,000 Prussians in it,
Wesel and the other garrisons given up! "
Only 5,000 Prussians: by original Engagement,
there should have been 25,000; and Friedrich's inten-
tion is even 45,000 if he prosper otherwise. For in
January 1757 (Anniversary, or nearly so, of that
Neutrality Convention last year), there had been, --
encouraged by Pitt, as I could surmise, who always
likes Friedrich, -- a definite, much closer Treaty of
Alliance, with "Subsidy of a million sterling," Anti-
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? CHAP. I. ] THE CAMPAIGN OPENS. 9
Jan. --April 1757.
Russian "Squadron of Observation in the Baltic,"
"25,000 Prussians," and other items, which I forget.
Forget the more readily, as, owing to the strange state
of England (near suffocating in its Constitutional bed-
clothes), the Treaty could not be kept at all, or serve
as rule to poor England's exertions for Friedrich this
Year; exertions which were of the willing-minded but
futile kind, going forward pellmell, not by plan, and
could reach Friedrich only in the lump, -- had there
been any "lump" of them to sum together. But Pitt
had gone out; -- we shall see what, in Pitt's absence,
there was! So that this Treaty 1757 fell quite into
the waste-basket (not to say, far deeper, by way of
"pavement" we know where! ), -- and is not mentioned
in any English Book; nor was known to exist, till
some Collector of such things printed it, in compara-
tively recent times. "* A Treaty 1757, which, except
as emblem of the then quasi-enchanted condition of
England, and as Foreshadow of Pitt's new Treaty in
January 1758, and of three others that followed and
were kept to the letter, is not of moment farther.
Reich's Thunder, slight Survey of it; with Question,
Whitherward, if anywhitherl
The thunderous fulminations in the Reich's Diet, --
an injured Saxony complaining, an insulted Kaiser,
after vain Dehortatoriums, reporting and denouncing,
"Horrors such as these: What say you, 0 Reich? " --
have been going on since September last; and amount
to boundless masses of the liveliest Parliamentary Elo-
* "M. Koch in 1802," not very perfectly (Scholl, ni. SOnj who copies
what Koch has given).
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m83 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www.
