She could even put up with Arnheim's lately being away more often and for longer periods than before, and his being immersed to a surprising degree in his
business
affairs even on days when he was present.
Musil - Man Without Qualities - v2
.
"
"At least you talk sensibly, even if it's all nonsense . . . ," Tuzzi noted with approval. He could not quite grasp how all this was sup- posed to explain matters to him, but he had kept his poise, and even though he was inwardly lost in misery, the tiny malicious smile still lingered proudly on his lips, ready for him to slip right back into it.
"What the physiologists say, I think," Ulrich continued, "is that what we call conscious action is the result of the stimulus not just flowing in and out through a reflex arc but being forced into a detour. That makes the world we experience and the world in which we act, which seem to us one and the same, actually more like the water above and below a mill wheel, connected by a sort of dammed-up reservoir of consciousness, with the inflow and the outflow depen- dent on regulation of level, pressure, and so forth. Or in other words, if something goes wrong on one of the two levels-an estrangement from the world, say, or a disinclination to action-we could reason- ably assume that a second, or higher, consciousness might be formed in this fashion. Or don't you think so? "
"Me? " Tuzzi said. ''I'd have to say it's all the same to me. Let the professors work that out among themselves, if they think it impor- tant. But practically speaking"- h e moodily stubbed out his cigarette in the ashtray, then looked up in exasperation-"is it the people with two reservoirs or only one reservoir who run the world? "
"I thought you only wanted to know how I imagine such ideas might arise. . . . "
"If that's what you've been telling me, I'm afraid I don't follow you," Tuzzi said.
"But it's very simple. You have no second reservoir-so you haven't got the principle of wisdom and you don't understand a word of what the people who have a soul are talking about. Do accept my congratulations! "
Ulrich had gradually become aware that he was expressing, in ig- nominious fonn and in curious company, ideas that might be not at
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all unsuited to explain the feelings that obscurely stirred his own heart. The sunnise that in a state of enhanced receptivity an over- flowing and receding of experiences might arise that would connect the senses boundlessly and gently as a sheet ofwater with all creation called to mind his long talks with Agathe, and his face involuntarily took on an expression that was partly obdurate, partly forlorn. Tuzzi studied him from under his indolently raised eyelids and gathered from the form of Ulrich's sarcasm that he himself was not the only person present who was "dammed up" in a manner not of his own choice.
Both of them hardly noticed how long Rachel was taking. She had been detained by Diotima, who had needed her help in quickly put- ting herself and her sickroom into an ordered state of suffering that would be informal, yet proper for receiving Ulrich. Now the maid brought a message that Ulrich should not leave but be patient just a bit longer, and then hurried back to her mistress.
"All those quotations you cited are of course allegories," Ulrich continued after this interruption, to make up to his host for having to keep him company. "A kind of butterfly language! And people like Amheim give me the impression that they can guzzle themselves potbellied with this vaporous nectar of theirs! I mean . . . ," he has- tened to add, remembering just in time that he must not include Di- otima in the insult, "I have this impression about Amheim in particular, just as he also paradoxically gives the impression that he carries his soul in his breast pocket like a wallet! "
Tuzzi put down his briefcase and gloves, which he had picked up when Rachel appeared, and said with some force: "Do you realize what this is? I mean, what you've explained to me so well. It's nothing but the spirit of pacifism! " He paused to let this revelation sink in. "In the hand of amateurs, pacillsm can be extremely dangerous! " he added portentously.
Ulrich would have laughed, but Tuzzi was being dead serious; he had, in fact, linked two things that actually were distantly related, funny as it might be to see how love and pacifism were connected for him in an impression of dilettantish debauchery. At a loss for an an- swer, Ulrich took the occasion to fall back on the Parallel Campaign and its chosen watchword, "Action! "
"That's a Leinsdorf idea," Tuzzi said disdainfully. "Do you recall
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the last discussion here before you went away? Leinsdorf said: 'Something's got to be done! ' That's all there was to it, and that's what they mean by their new watchword, 'Action! ' And Arnheim is of course trying to foist his Russian pacifism on it. Do you remember how I warned them about it? I'm afraid they'll have cause to remem- ber me! Nowhere in the world is foreign policy as difficult as it is here, and I said even then: 'Whoever takes it upon himself these days to put fundamental political ideas into practice has to be part gam- bler and part criminal. ' " This time, Tuzzi was really opening up, probably because Ulrich might be called by his wife at any moment, or because in this conversation he did not want to be the only one to have things explained to him.
"The Parallel Campaign is arousing suspicion all over the world," he reported, "and at home, where it's being viewed as both anti-Ger- man and anti-Slav, it's also having repercussions in our foreign rela- tions. But if you want to know the difference between amateur and professional pacifism, let me tell you something: Austria could pre- vent a war for at least thirty years by joining the Entente Cordiale! And this could of course be done on the Emperor's Jubilee with a matchless pacifist flourish, while at the same time we assure Ger- many of our brotherly love whether or not she follows suit. The ma- jority of our nationalities would be overjoyed. With easy French and English credit we could make our army so strong that Germany couldn't bully us. We'd be rid ofltaly altogether. France wouldn't be able to do a thing without us. In short, we would be the key to peace and war, we'd make the big political deals. I'm not giving away any secrets; this is a simple diplomatic calculation that any commercial attache could work out. So why can't it be done? Imponderables at Court. Where they dislike the Emperor so heartily that they'd con- sider it almost indecent to let it happen. Monarchies are at a disad- vantage today because they're weighed down by decency! Then there are imponderables of so-called public opinion-which brings me to the Parallel Campaign. Why doesn't it educate public opinion? Why doesn't it teach the public to see things objectively? You s e e " - but at this point Tuzzi's statements lost some of their plausibility and began to sound more like concealed affliction-"this fellow Arnheim really amuses me with those books he writes! He didn't invent writ- ing, and the other night, when I couldn't fall asleep, I had time to
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think about it a little. There have always been politicians who wrote novels or plays, like Clemenceau, for instance, or Disraeli; not Bis- marck, but Bismarck was a destroyer. And now look at those French lawyers who are at the helm today: enviable! Political profiteers, but with a first-rate diplomatic corps to advise them, to give them guide- lines, and all ofthem have at one time or another dashed offplays or novels without the slightest embarrassment, at least when they were young, and even today they're still writing books. Do you think these books are worth anything? I don't. But I give you my word that last night I was thinking that our own diplomats are missing out on some- thing because they're not writing books too. And I'll tell you why: First of all, it's as true for a diplomat as for an athlete that he has to sweat offhis excess water. Secondly, it's good for public security. Do you know what the European balance of power is? " .
They were interrupted by Rachel, who came to tell Ulrich that Di- otima was expecting him. Tuzzi let her hand him his hat and coat. "If you were a patriot . . . ," he said, slipping into the sleeves as Rachel held his coat for him.
"What would I do then? " Ulrich asked him, looking at the black pupils of Rachel's eyes.
"If you were a patriot, you'd alert my wife or Count Leinsdorf to some of these problems. I can't do it myself--coming from a hus- band it could easily seem narrow-minded. "
"But nobody here takes me seriously," Ulrich said calmly.
"Oh, don't say that! " Tuzzi cried out. "They may not take you seri- ously the way they take other people seriously, but for a long time now they've all been quite afraid of you. They're afraid that you're liable to put Leinsdorf up to something crazy. Do you know what the European balance of power is? " the diplomat probed intently.
"I suppose so; more or less," Ulrich said.
"Then I must congratulate you! " Tuzzi flared up bitterly. 'W e pro- fessional diplomats have no idea--none of us do. It is what mustn't be disturbed ifpeople are not to be at each other's throats. But what it is that mustn't be disturbed, no one knows exactly. Just cast your mind back a little over what's been going on around you these last few years and is still going on: the Italo-Turkish war, Poincare in Moscow, the Baghdad question, armed intervention in Libya, Aus- tro-Serbian tensions, the Adriatic problem . . . Is that a balance? Our
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never-to-be-forgotten Baron Ahrenthal- But I mustn't keep you any longer! "
"Too bad," Ulrich said. "If that's what the European balance of power comes to, then it's the best possible expression of the Euro- pean spirit! "
"Yes, that's what makes it so interesting," Tuzzi replied from the door, with an indulgent smile. "And from that point ofview the spiri- tual achievement of our Parallel Campaign is not to be underesti- mated! " -
"Why don't you put a stop to it? "
Tuzzi shrugged his shoulders. "In this country, if a man in His Grace's position wants something, one can't come out against it. All one can do is just keep one's eyes open. "
"And how have you been getting on? " Ulrich asked the little black- and-white sentry who was now taking him to Diotima.
17
DIOTIMA HAS CHANGED THE BOOKS SHE READS
"My dear friend," Diotima said when Ulrich came in, "I didn't want to let you leave without having a word with you, but to have to re- ceive you in this state . . . ! " She was wearing a negligee in which her majestic form, through its accidental position, looked slightly preg- nant; this lent the proud body, which had never given birth, some- thing of the lovely abandon of the travail of motherhood. Beside her on the sofa lay a fur collar, which she had obviously been using to keep herselfwarm, and on her forehead a compress against migraine had been allowed to stay in place because she knew it was decorative, like a Greek headband. Though it was late, no lamp had been lit, and the mingled scent of medications and fresheners for some unknown malaise hung in the air, mixed with a powerful fragrance that had been tossed over all the individual odors like a blanket.
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Ulrich bent his face low to kiss Diotima's hand, as ifhe were trying to make out from the scent of her arm what changes had taken place during his absence. But her skin exuded only the same rich, well-fed, well-bathed aroma it always did.
"Ah, my friend, how good it is to have you back! Oh! " she suddenly moaned, but with a smile. ''I'm having the most awful cramps! "
Such information, from a straightforward person as neutral as a weather report, on Diotima's lips took on all the emphasis of a break- down and a confession.
"Dear cousin! " Ulrich exclaimed, and leaned forward with a smile to look into her face. For an instant Ulrich confused Tuzzi's delicate hint about his wife's indisposition with a conjecture that Diotima had become pregnant, which would have been a momentous him of events for the household.
Half guessing what was in his mind, she made a languid gesture of denial. What she had was only menstrual cramps, which were, how- ever, something new in her experience; she had begun having them only in the last few months, suggesting an obscure connection with her wavering between Arnheim and her husband. When she heard of Ulrich's return it gave her some comfort, and she welcomed him as the confidant of her struggles, which is why she had received him. She lay there, with only a token pretense of sitting up, abandoned to the pains that raged within her, and was in his company a piece of untrammeled nature, without fences or No Trespassing signs, a rare enough condition with her. She had assumed she could convincingly plead a nervous stomachache, no more than a sign of a sensitive con- stitution; otherwise, she would not have let him see her.
"Why don't you take something for it? '' Ulrich asked her.
"Ah," Diotima sighed, "it's only this excitement. My nerves can't take it much longer! "
There was a little pause, because this was really Ulrich's cue to inquire after Arnheim, but he was more interested in finding out about the things that directly concerned himself, and he could not immediately find a way. Finally, he asked:
"Liberating the soul from civilization is not so easy, I suppose? '' and added: ''I'm afraid I can flatter myself that I predicted long since that your efforts to blaze a trail for the spirit into the world would come to a painful end! "
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Diotima remembered how she had escaped from the reception and sat with Ulrich on the shoe bench in her foyer: she had been almost as depressed then as she was today, and yet there had been countless risings and ebbings of hope since then.
'Wasn't it glorious, dear friend," she said, "when we still believed in the great idea! Today I can say that the world listened, but how deeply disappointed I am myself! "
"But why, actually? " Ulrich asked.
"I don't know. It must be my fault. "
She was about to add something about Arnheim, but Ulrich
wanted to know what people had made of the great demonstration; the last he remembered of it was not finding Diotima at home after Count Leinsdorfhad sent him to prepare her for some firm interven- tion, while making sure she would not worry.
Diotima made a disdainful gesture. "The police arrested a few young people, and then they let them go; Leinsdorf was very an- noyed, but what else could they do? Now he's backing Wisnieczky more than ever, and insists that something must be done. But Wis- nieczky can't organize any propaganda if no one knows what it's sup- posed to be for! "
"I hear it's supposed to be Watchword: Action! '" Ulrich inter- jected. The name of Baron Wisnieczky, who as Cabinet Minister had been wrecked by the opposition of the German nationalist parties- so that putting him at the head of the committee to drum up support for the undefined great patriotic idea of the Parallel Campaign could only arouse intense suspicion-vividly reminded Ulrich of His Grace's political ministrations, whose fruit this was. It seemed that the casual course of Count Leinsdorf's thinking-perhaps confirmed by the predictable failure of all attempts to electrify the spirit of the homeland, and beyond that of all Europe, by a concerted effort of its leading intellects-had now led him to the realization that it would be best to give this spirit a push, no matter from what direction. In His Grace's deliberations this might also have been supported by ex- periences with cases of possession, whose victims were sometimes supposed to be helped by being ruthlessly screamed at or shaken. But this speculation, which had rushed through Ulrich's mind before Diotima could reply, was now interrupted by her answer. This time, the invalid again addressed him as "dear friend. "
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"My dear friend," she said, "there is some truth in that! Our cen- tury is thirsting for action. An action-"
"But what action? What kind of action? " Ulrich broke in.
"It doesn't matter! In action there is a magnificent pessimism about words. We can't deny that in the past all we have done is talk. We have lived for great and eternal words and ideals; for a heighten- ing of human values; for being true to our inmost selves; for an ever- increasing enrichment of life. We have striven for a synthesis, we have lived for new aesthetic joys and new standards of happiness, and I won't deny that the quest for truth is child's play compared with the immense responsibility of becoming a truth oneself. But we over- reached, considering the meager sense of reality the human soul has in our time, and we have lived in a dream of yearning, but for nothing! "
Diotima had urgently risen on one elbow. "It's a healthy sign these days to renounce the search for the buried entrance to the soul and try instead to come to terms with life as it is! " she concluded.
Now Ulrich had a second, authorized version of the slogan "Ac- tion! " to set beside the conjectural Leinsdorfian one. Diotima seemed to have changed her library books. He remembered seeing her, as he came in, surrounded by piles of books, but it had grown too dark to make out the titles; besides, some were covered by the medi- tative young woman's body as by a great serpent that had now reared up higher and was eagerly watching his face. Since girlhood Diotima had been inclined to nourish herself on very sentimental and subjec- tive books, but now, as Ulrich gathered from what she said, she had been seized by that spiritual urge for renewal which is constantly at work, striving to find what it has failed to find in the ideas of the last twenty years in the ideas of the next twenty years. This may tum out to be the root of those great changes of mood in history, which see- saw between humanitarianism and ruthlessness, rage and indiffer- ence, or other such contradictions for which there seems to be no adequate explanation. It passed through Ulrich's mind that the little residue of uncertainty left over from every moral experience, about which he had talked so much with Agathe, must really be the cause of this human instability; but because he shied away from the plea- sure with which he remembered those conversations, he forced his thoughts to tum aside and focus instead on the General, who had
884 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
been the first to tell him that the age was receiving a new spirit, and had done so in a tone of healthy irritation that left no room for be- guiling oneself with bewitching doubts. And because he was now thinking of the General, the latter's request that Ulrich might look into the ruffled relationship between his cousin and Arnheim came to mind, so that he ended by responding bluntly to Diotima's speech of farewell to the soul:
" 'Boundless love' doesn't seem to have quite agreed with you! "
"Oh, you're incorrigible! " His cousin sighed, letting herself fall back into her pillows, where she closed her eyes; unaccustomed to such straightforward language in Ulrich's absence, she needed time to recollect just how much she had confided in him. But suddenly his nearness brought it back. She dimly remembered a talk with Ulrich about "love beyond measure," which had been continued at their last or penultimate meeting: a conversation in which she had sworn that souls could step outside the prison ofthe body, or at least lean out of it halfway, as it were, and Ulrich had retorted that these were the delirious ravings of starved love, and that she should concede her "concession" to Arnheim, or himself, or anyone at all; he had even named Tuzzi in that connection, as she now recalled-suggestions of this kind were probably easier to remember than the rest of the things a man like Ulrich talks about. At the time, she had probably been justified in feeling this as impudent, but since past pain is a harmless old friend compared with present pain, it now enjoyed the advantage of being a memory of frankness between friends. So Di- otima opened her eyes again and said: "There's probably no perfect love on this earth! "
She said it with a smile, but beneath her compress her brow was sadly furrowed, which gave her face a curiously twisted expression in the dim light. In whatever concerned her personally Diotima was not averse to believing in supernatural possibilities. Even General Stumm's unexpected appearance at the Council meeting had startled her as though it were the doing of spirits, and as a child she had prayed that she might never die. This made it easier for her to be- lieve in a supernatural way in her relationship with Arnheim, or more accurately, to believe with that not quite complete disbelief, that something-that-cannot-be-ruled-out, which today has become the basic attitude in matters of faith. Had Arnheim been capable of
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doing more than drawing something invisible from her soul and his own, something that touched in midair when they were five yards apart, or had their eyes been able to meet in such a way that some- thing tangible would come ofit-a coffee bean, a barleycorn, an ink stain-some trace of some kind of real use or even just a suggestion of progress, then the next thing Diotima would have expected was that someday this connection would go higher still, turning into one of those otherworldly connections that it is just as hard to form an exact idea of as it is of most worldly ones.
She could even put up with Arnheim's lately being away more often and for longer periods than before, and his being immersed to a surprising degree in his business affairs even on days when he was present. She permitted herself no doubt that his love for her was still the great event in his life, and whenever they came together again alone, the level of their souls in- stantly rose so high, and their sense of contact was so powerful, that their feelings were struck dumb, and if they could not find anything impersonal to talk about, a vacuum developed that left a bitter ex- haustion in its wake. However little the possibility could be excluded that this was passion, she could just as little bring herself-accus- tomed as she was by the times she lived in to regard everything not practical as merely a matter of belief, or rather of unsettled un- belief-to exclude the possibility that something more would come of it, which would be contrary to all reasonable expectations. But at this moment, when she had opened her eyes to look straight at Ul- rich, ofwhom she could make out only a dark outline, and who stood there in silence, she asked herself: 'What am I waiting for? What am I really expecting to happen? "
At length Ulrich said: "But Arnheim wanted to marry you! "
Diotima again propped herself up on her arm, and she said: "Can one solve the problem of love by getting divorced or married? "
"So I was mistaken about the pregnancy," Ulrich noted mentally, unable to think ofanything to say in response to his cousin's outburst. Then he said abruptly: "I warned you about Arnheim! " Perhaps he now felt obligated to tell her what he knew about the tycoon's mixing up both their souls in his business deals; but he instantly dropped the idea, for he felt that in this conversation every word had its allotted place, like the objects in his study that he had found carefully dusted on his return, as though he had been dead for the space of a minute.
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Diotima chided him: "You shouldn't take it so lightly. There's a deep friendship between Arnheim and me; and if at times there's also something else between us, something I might call a great anxi- ety, it only comes from our frankness. I don't know whether you've ever experienced this, or whether you can: between two people who reach a certain level of emotional rapport any lie becomes so impos- sible that they can hardly speak to each other at all anymore! "
In this reproof Ulrich's finely tuned ear heard that his cousin's soul was more accessible to him than usual, and because he was highly amused by her unintended confession that she could not talk with Arnheim without lying, he demonstrated his own openness for a while by not saying anything either. Then, when she had lain back again, he bent over her arm and kissed its hand in a gentle gesture of friendship. Light as the marrow of elder twigs it rested in his own, and remained lying there even after the kiss. Her pulse throbbed on his fingertips. The powder-fine scent of her nearness clung to his face like a puff of cloud. And although this gallant kiss on the hand had been only in jest, it was like infidelity in leaving behind a certain bitter aftertaste of desire, of having leaned so closely over a person that one drank from her like an animal, and no longer saw one's own image rising back up out of the water.
"What are you thinking? " Diotima asked. Ulrich merely shook his head and so gave her a fresh opportunity-in the darkness that was brightened only by a last velvety glimmering-to make comparative studies of silence. She was reminded of a wonderful saying: "There are people with whom not even the greatest hero would trust himself to remain silent. " Or it was something like that. She seemed to re- member that it was a quotation; Arnheim had used it, and she had applied it to herself. Other than Arnheim's, she had since the first weeks of her marriage never held a man's hand in hers for longer than two seconds; but it was happening now with Ulrich's hand. Wrapped up in herself as she was, she overlooked what the next step might be, but found herself a moment later pleasantly convinced that she had been quite right not to wait idly for the hour of supreme love-perhaps yet to come, perhaps not-but to use the time oftem- porizing indecision to devote herself somewhat more to her hus- band. Married people have it easy; where others would be breaking faith with a lover, they can say that they are remembering their duty.
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And because Diotima told herself that, come what might, she must do her duty for now at the post where fate had placed her, she had undertaken to improve her husband's shortcomings and infuse him with a little more soul. Again a poet's words came to mind, roughly to the effect that there was no deeper despair than to be entwined in a common fate with a person one did not love; and that also proved that she must make an effort to feel something for Tuzzi as long as their fate had not separated them. In sensible contrast to the incalcu- lable events of the soul, from which she had made him suffer long enough, she set about it systematically; she felt pride in the books on which she was lying, for they concerned themselves with the physiol- ogy and psychology of marriage, and somehow everything harmo- nized: that it was dark, that she had these books by her, that Ulrich was holding her hand, that she had conveyed to him the magnificent pessimism that she might soon be expressing in her public role by renouncing her ideals. So thinking, Diotima pressed Ulrich's hand from time to time as if her suitcases were standing packed for her to take leave of everything that had been. She moaned softly, and the faintest wave of pain ran through her body by way of excuse; but Ul- rich reassured her with the pressure of his fingertips. After this had happened several times, Diotima thought it really might be too much, yet she no longer dared to withdraw her hand, because it lay so light and dry in his, even trembling at times, as she herself recog- nized, like an inadmissible indication of the physiology of love, which she had not the slightest intention of betraying by some awkward movement of flight.
It was "Rachelle," busying herselfin the adjoining room-she had been acting in an oddly impertinent fashion lately-who put an end to this scene by suddenly turning on the light on the other side of the open door. Diotima hastily pulled her hand away from Ulrich's, in which a space that had been filled with weightlessness remained lying for a moment longer.
"Rachelle," Diotima called in a hushed voice, "tum the light on in here too! "
When this was done their illumined heads had the look of some- thing just emerged from the depths, as though the darkness had not quite dried off them. Shadows lay around Diotima's mouth, giving it moistness and fullness; the little mother-of-pearl bulges on her neck
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and under her cheeks, which ordinarily seemed to have been created for the delectation of lovers, were hard as a linocut and shaded with slashes of ink. Ulrich's head, too, loomed up in the unaccustomed light, painted in black and white like that of a savage on the warpath. Blinking, he tried to make out the titles on the books surrounding Diotima, and saw with amazement what his cousin's choice of read- ing matter revealed about her desire to learn the hygiene of body and soul. "Someday he's going to hurt me! " she suddenly thought, follow- ing his glance and troubled by it, but it did not enter her conscious- ness in the form of that sentence: she merely felt much too defenseless as she lay there in the light under his gaze and struggled to recover her poise. With a gesture meant to be thoroughly supe- rior, as befitted a woman "independent" of everything, she waved her hand over her reading and said in the most matter-of-fact tone: "Would you believe that adultery sometimes strikes me as far too simple a solution for marital conflict? "
"At all events it's the most sparing," Ulrich replied, irritating her with his mocking tone. ''I'd say it can do no harm at all. "
Diotima gave him a reproachful look and made a sign to warn him that Rachel could hear what they were saying from the next room. Then she said aloud: "That's certainly not what I meant! " and called her maid, who appeared sullenly and accepted with bitter jealousy her being sent out.
This interlude had, however, given their feelings time to put them- selves to rights. The illusion, favored by the darkness, that they were committing a tiny infidelity together, though rather indefinabiy and toward no one in particular, evaporated in the light, and Ulrich now turned to the business that had to be attended to before he could leave.
"I haven't yet told you that I'm resigning as Secretary," he began.
Diotima, however, had heard of it, and told him that he would have to stay on; there was no way out ofit. "There's such an immense amount of work still to be done," she pleaded. "Be patient a while longer; we're bound to find a solution soon! A real secretary will be found to place at your disposal. "
This impersonal "will be found" aroused Ulrich's curiosity, and he asked for details.
"Amheim has offered to lend you his own secretary. "
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"No, thanks," Ulrich replied. "I have the feeling that might not be quite disinterested. " Again he was more than strongly tempted to let Diotima in on the simple connection with the oil fields, but she had not even noticed the ambiguity of his answer, and simply continued:
"Apart from that, my husband has also offered to let you have one of the clerks in his office. "
'W ouldn't you mind? "
"To be frank, I wouldn't be entirely happy about that," Diotima said more energetically. "Especially as there's no dearth of possibili- ties. Even your friend the General has given me to understand that he'd be delighted to send you an aide from his department. "
"And Leinsdorf? ''
"These three offers were made to me spontaneously, so I had no reason to ask Leinsdorf; but I'm sure he wouldn't shrink from mak- ing a sacrifice. "
"Everyone's spoiling me," Ulrich commented, summing up with these words the amazing readiness of Arnheim, Tuzzi, and Stumm to plant a man of their own inside the Parallel Campaign at such low cost. "But perhaps it would be most advisable for me to take on your husband's clerk. "
"My dear friend-" Diotima said, still protesting, but she did not really know how to go on, which was probably why something quite tangled came out. Again she propped herself up on an elbow and said with feeling: "I reject adultery as too crude a solution of marital con- flicts-l've told you that! But even so, there's nothing so hard as being linked for life in a single destiny with a person one doesn't love enough! "
This was a most unnatural cry of nature. But Ulrich, unmoved, would not be shaken from his resolve. "No doubt Section Chief Tuzzi would like this way of having a hand in your operation; but so would the others," he pointed out. "All three are in love with you, and each of them has to reconcile this somehow with his duty. " How odd, he thought, that Diotima did not understand either the lan- guage of facts or that of the comments he made on them, and rising to take his leave, he added with even heavier irony: "The only one who loves you unselfishly is myself-because I have no duties of any kind and no commitments. But feelings without distraction are de- structive; you've meanwhile found that out for yourself, and you have
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always regarded me with a justifiable, even if only instinctive, mis- trust. "
Although Diotima did not know why, this was precisely and en- dearingly the reason that she was pleased to see Ulrich siding with her own house in this matter of the secretary, and she did not let go of the hand he offered her.
"And how does this fit in with your affair with 'that' woman? " she asked, playfully taking her cue from his remark-insofar as Diotima could be playful; the effect was rather that of a shot-putter playing with a feather.
Ulrich did not know whom she could mean.
"That judge's wife you introduced to me! "
"You noticed that, cousin? "
"Dr. Arnheim drew my attention to it. "
"Oh, did he? How flattering that he should think he can hurt my
standing with you in this fashion. But of course my relations with the lady are entirely innocent! " Ulrich stated, defending Bonadea's honor in the conventional fashion.
"She was in your house twice during your absence," Diotima said with a laugh. "The first time, we happened to be passing by, and we heard about the second time some other way. So there's no point in trying to be discreet. But on the other hand, I wish I could under- stand you! I simply can't! "
"How on earth could I explain this to you, of all people! "
"Try! " Diotima commanded. She had put on her expression of "of- ficial immorality," a sort of bespectacled look she donned whenever her mind commanded her to speak or hear things that were out of bounds for her soul as a lady. But Ulrich declined and repeated that his understanding of Bonadea could only be guesswork.
"All right," Diotima gave in, "even though your lady friend herself was not sparing with her hints! She seems to feel called upon to jus- tify some wrong or other in my eyes. But do speak of this, if you'd rather, as ifyou were merely guessing! "
Now Ulrich felt a thirst for knowledge, and he learned that Bona- dea had been to see Diotima several times, and not only in matters connected with the Parallel Campaign and her husband's position.
"I must admit I find her a beautiful woman," Diotima conceded, "and she is extraordinarily high-minded. I'm really upset that you're
Into the Millennium (The Criminals) · 8gz
always eliciting confidences from me but always withholding yours! " At this moment Ulrich's attitude was approximately "the devil take both of you! " He felt like giving Diotima a scare and paying Bonadea back for her intrusiveness, or else he was suddenly feeling the full distance between himself and the life in which he had been
indulging.
"All right," he told her, summoning up a gloomy expression: "The
woman is a nymphomaniac and I find that irresistible! "
Diotima lmew "academically" what nymphomania was. There was a pause, and then she drawled: "The poor woman! And you find that
attractive? "
"Isn't it idiotic? " Ulrich said.
Diotima wanted to lmow "the details"-would he explain this "la-
mentable phenomenon" and enable her to understand it in "human terms"? He did so without exactly going into detail, but she was nev- ertheless overcome by a feeling of satisfaction that doubtless rested on that well-lmown gratitude to God that she was not like the other woman; but at its apex this feeling faded into dismay and curiosity, which was not to be without influence on her subsequent relations with Ulrich. Pensively she said: "But it must be simply awful to em- brace a person who doesn't mean anything to you! "
"You think so? " her cousin asked candidly. At this insinuation Diotima felt hurt and indignant to the marrow, but she could not let herself show it; she contented herself with letting go of his hand and sinking back into her pillows with a dismissive gesture. "You never should have told me this! " she said from where she lay. "You treated that poor woman very badly just now, and you've been most indiscreet! "
''I'm never indiscreet! " Ulrich objected, and could not help laugh- ing at his cousin. "You're really being unfair. You are the first woman to whom I've ever confided anything about another woman, and it was you who made me do it! "
Diotima was flattered. She wanted to say something of the same kind, to the effect that without a spiritual transformation one cheated oneself of the best in life; but she could not come out with it because it suddenly seemed too personal. Finally, something from one of the books surrounding her prompted her to answer noncommittally, from within the protection of her official persona: "Like all men,"
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she chided him, "you make the mistake of treating your love partner not as an equal but merely as a complement to yourself, and then you're disappointed. Has it never occurred to you that the only way to a transcendent, harmonious eroticism may lie through stricter self-discipline? "
Ulrich's jaw nearly dropped, but he answered in spontaneous self- defense: "Do you know that Section Chief Tuzzi has already grilled me today on the possibilities of the origin and training of the soul? "
Diotima sat up straight: "What? Tuzzi talks with you about soul? " she asked in amazement.
"Of course he does; he's trying to find out what it is," Ulrich as- sured her, but he could not be induced to stay any longer. He merely promised to betray a confidence some other time and tell her all about that too.
PROBLEMS OF A MORALIST WITH A LETTER TO WRITE
With this visit to Diotima the restless state Ulrich had been in since his return came to an end. On the afternoon of the very next day he sat down at his desk, and in doing so felt at home again, and began writing a letter to Agathe.
It was clear to him-as simple and clear as a windless day some- times is-that her rash scheme was extremely dangerous. What had happened so far could still be taken as a risky prank, of no concern to anyone but themselves, but that depended entirely on its being re- scinded before it acquired connections with reality, and the danger was growing with every passing day. Ulrich had written this much when he stopped, uneasy at the thought of entrusting to the mails a letter in which this was so openly discussed. He told himself that it would be better in every way to take the next train back, in place of
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the letter; but of course this made no sense to him either, since he had let days go by without doing anything about it. He knew he would not go.
He realized that there was something behind this tantamount to a choice: he simply felt like letting things take their course and seeing what came of this incident. So his problem was just how far he actu- ally, definitely could want to risk it, and all sorts of wide-ranging thoughts went through his mind.
It occurred to him right at the start, for instance, that whenever he had taken a "moral" stance so far, he had always been psychologically worse off than when he was doing or thinking something that might usually be considered "immoral. " This is a common occurrence, for in situations that are in conflict with their surroundings these ideas and actions develop all their energies, while in the mere doing of what is right and proper they understandably behave as if they were paying taxes. This suggests that all evil is carried out with zest and imagination, while good is distinguished by an unmistakable dreari- ness and dearth of feeling. Ulrich recalled that his sister had ex- pressed this moral dilemma quite casually by asking him whether being good was no longer a good thing. It ought to be difficult and breathtaking, she had maintained, and wondered why, nevertheless, moral people were almost always bores.
He smiled contentedly, spinning this thought out with the realiza- tion that Agathe and he were as one in their particular opposition to Hagauer, which could be roughly characterized as that of people who were bad in a good way to a man who was good in a bad way. Leaving out of account the broad middle of life's spectrum, which is, reasonably enough, occupied by people whose minds have not been troubled by the general terms good and evil since they let go of their mother's apron strings, there remain the two extremes where pur- poseful moral efforts are still made. Today these are left to just such bad/good and good/bad people, the first kind never having seen good fly or heard it sing, thus expecting their fellowmen to enthuse with them about a moral landscape where stuffed birds perch on dummy trees, while the second kind, the good/bad mortals, exasperated by their competitors, industriously show a penchant for evil, at least in theory, as if they were convinced that only wrongdoing, which is emotionally not quite as threadbare as doing good, still twitches with
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a bit of moral vitality. And so Ulrich's world-not, of course, that he was fully aware ofthis-had at that time the option ofletting itselfbe ruined by either its lame morality or its lively immoralists, and to this day it probably does not know which of those two choices it finally embraced with stunning success, unless that majority who can never spare the time to concern themselves with morality in general did pay attention to one case in particular because they had lost confi- dence in their own situation and, as a result, had of course lost a number ofother things as well. For bad/bad people, who can so eas- ily be blamed for everything, were even then as rare as they are today, and the good/good ones represent a mission as far removed as a distant nebula. Still, it was precisely of them that Ulrich was think- ing, while everything else he appeared to be thinking about left him cold.
And he gave his thoughts an even more general and impersonal form by setting the relationship that exists between the demands "Do! " and "Don't! " in the place of good and evil. For as long as a particular morality is in the ascendant-and this is just as valid for the spirit of "Love thy neighbor" as it is for a horde of V andals- "Don't! " is still only the negative and natural corollary of "Do! " Doing and leaving undone are red hot, and the flaws they contain don't count because they are the flaws of heroes and martyrs. In this condition good and evil are identical with the happiness and unhap- piness of the whole person. But as soon as the contested system has achieved dominance and spread itself out, and its fulfillment no lon- ger faces any special hurdles, the relationship between imperative and taboo perforce passes through a decisive phase where duty is not born anew and alive each day but is leached and drained and cut up into ifs and buts, ready to serve all sorts of uses. Here a process be- gins, in the further course of which virtue and vice, because of their common root in the same rules, laws, exceptions, and limitations, come to look more and more alike, until that curious and ultimately unbearable self-contradiction arises which was Ulrich's point of de- parture: namely, that the distinction between good and evil loses all meaning when weighed against the pleasure of a pure, deep, spon- taneous mode of action, a pleasure that can leap like a spark from permissible as well as from forbidden activities. Indeed, whoever takes an unbiased view is likely to find that the negative aspect of
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morality is more highly charged with this tension than the positive: While it seems relatively natural that certain actions called "bad" must not be allowed to happen, actions such as taking what belongs to others or overindulgence in sensual gratification, or, if they are committed, at least ought not to be committed, the corresponding affirmative moral traditions, such as unlimited generosity in giving or the urge to mortify the flesh, have already almost entirely disap- peared; and where they are still practiced they are practiced by fools, cranks, or bloodless prigs. In such a condition, where virtue is de- crepit and moral conduct consists chiefly in the restraint of immoral conduct, it can easily happen that immoral conduct appears to be not only more spontaneous and vital than its opposite, but actually more moral, if one may use the term not in the sense oflaw and justice but with regard to whatever passion may still be aroused by matters of conscience. But could anything possibly be more perverse than to incline inwardly toward evil because, with all one has left of a soul, one is seeking good?
Ulrich had never felt this perversity more keenly than at this mo- ment, when the rising arc his reflections had followed led him back to Agathe again. Her innate readiness to act in the good/bad m o d e - to resort once more to the term they had coined in passing-as so notably exemplified in her tampering with their father's will, of- fended the same innate readiness in his own nature, which had merely taken on an abstract theoretical form, something like a priest's admiration of the Devil, while as a person he was not only able to lead his life more or less according to the rules but even, as he could see, did not wish to be disturbed in so doing. With as much melancholy satisfaction as ironic clear-sightedness, he noted that all his theoretical preoccupation ·with evil basically amounted to this, that he wanted to protect the bad things that happened from the bad people who undertook them, and he was suddenly overcome by a longing for goodness, like a man who has been wasting his time in foreign parts dreaming ofcoming home one day and going straight to the well in his native village for a drink of water. If he had not been caught up in this comparison, he might have noticed that his whole effort to see Agathe as a morally confused person, such as the present age produces in profusion, was only a pretext to screen out a prospect that frightened him a good deal more. For his sister's con-
8g6 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
duct, which certainly did not pass muster objectively, exerted a re- markable fascination as soon as one dreamed along with it; for then all the controversies and indecisions vanished, and one was left with the impression of a passionate, affinnative virtue lusting for action, which could easily seem, compared with its lifeless daily counterpart, to be some kind of ancient vice.
Ulrich was not the man to indulge himself lightly in such exalta- tions of his feelings, least of all with this letter to write, so he redi- rected his mind into general reflections. These would have been incomplete had he not remembered how easily and often, in the times he had lived through, the longing for some duty rooted in com- pleteness had led to first one virtue, then another, being singled out from among the available supply, to be made the focus of noisy glorification. National, Christian, humanistic virtues had all taken their tum; once, it was the virtue of chromium steel, another time, the virtue of kindness; then it was individuality, and then fellowship; today it is the fraction of a second, and yesterday it was historical equilibrium. The changing moods of public life basically depend on the exchange of one such ideal for another: it had always left Ulrich unmoved, and only made him feel that he was standing on the side- lines. Even now all it meant for him was a filling in of the general picture, for only incomplete insight can lead one to believe that one can get at life's moral inexplicability, whose complications have become overwhelming, by means of one of the interpretations al- ready embedded within it. Such efforts merely resemble the move- ments of a sick person restlessly changing his position, while the paralysis that felled him progresses inexorably. Ulrich was convinced that the state of affairs that gave rise to these efforts was inescapable and characterized the level from which every civilization goes into decline, because no civilization has so far been capable of replacing its lost inner elasticity. He was also convinced that the same thing that had happened to every past moral system would happen to every future one. For the slackening of moral energy has nothing to do with the province ofthe Commandments or the keeping ofthem: it is independent of their distinctions; it cannot be affected by any outer discipline but is an entirely inner process, synonymous with the weakening ofthe significance ofall actions and offaith in the unity of responsibility for them.
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And so Ulrich's thoughts, without his having intended it, found their way back to the idea he had ironically characterized to Count Leinsdorf as the "General Secretariat for Precision and Soul," and although he had never spoken of it other than flippantly and in jest, he now realized that all his adult life he had consistently behaved as though such a General Secretariat lay within the realm of possibility. Perhaps, he could say by way ofexcuse, every thoughtful person har- bors in himself some such idea of order, just as grown men may still wear next to their skin the picture of a saint that their mother hung around their necks when they were small. And this image of order, which no one dares either to take seriously or to put away, must be more or less something like this: On one hand, it vaguely stands for the longing for some law of right living, a natural, iron law that allows no exceptions and excludes no objections: that is, as liberating as in- toxication and sober as the truth. On the other hand, however, it evinces the conviction that one will never behold such a law with one's own eyes, never think it out with one's own thoughts, that no one person's mission or power can bring it about but only an effort by everyone-unless it is only a delusion.
Ulrich hesitated for an instant. He was doubtless a believing per- son who just didn't believe in anything. Even in his greatest dedica- tion to science he had never managed to forget that people's goodness and beauty come from what they believe, not from what they know. But faith had always been bound up with knowledge, even if that knowledge was illusory, ever since those primordial days of its magic beginnings. That ancient knowledge has long since rot- ted away, dragging belief down with it into the same decay, so that today the connection must be established anew. Not, of course, by raising faith "to the level of knowledge," but by still in some way making it take flight from that height. The art oftranscending knowl- edge must again be practiced. And since no one man can do this, all men must tum their minds to it, whatever else their minds might be on. When Ulrich at this moment thought about the ten-year plan, or the hundred- or thousand-year plan that mankind would have to de- vise in order to work toward a goal it can have no way ofknowing, he soon realized that this was what he had long imagined, under all sorts of names, as the truly experimental life. For what he meant by the term "faith" was not so much that stunted desire to know, the credu-
8g8 • THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
lous ignorance that is what most people take it to be, but rather a lmowledgeable intuition, something that is neither lmowledge nor fantasy, but is·not faith either; it is just that "something else" which eludes all these concepts.
He suddenly pulled the letter toward him, but immediately pushed it away again.
The stem glow on his face went out, and his dangerous favorite idea struck him as ridiculous. As though with one glance through a suddenly opened window, he felt what was really around him: can- nons and business deals. The notion that people who lived in this fashion could ever join in a planned navigation of their spiritual des- tiny was simply inconceivable, and Ulrich had to admit that historical development had never come about by means of any such coherent combination of ideas as the mind of the individual may just manage in a pinch; the course of history was always wasteful and dissipated, as if it had been flung on the table by the fist of some low-life gam- bler.
"At least you talk sensibly, even if it's all nonsense . . . ," Tuzzi noted with approval. He could not quite grasp how all this was sup- posed to explain matters to him, but he had kept his poise, and even though he was inwardly lost in misery, the tiny malicious smile still lingered proudly on his lips, ready for him to slip right back into it.
"What the physiologists say, I think," Ulrich continued, "is that what we call conscious action is the result of the stimulus not just flowing in and out through a reflex arc but being forced into a detour. That makes the world we experience and the world in which we act, which seem to us one and the same, actually more like the water above and below a mill wheel, connected by a sort of dammed-up reservoir of consciousness, with the inflow and the outflow depen- dent on regulation of level, pressure, and so forth. Or in other words, if something goes wrong on one of the two levels-an estrangement from the world, say, or a disinclination to action-we could reason- ably assume that a second, or higher, consciousness might be formed in this fashion. Or don't you think so? "
"Me? " Tuzzi said. ''I'd have to say it's all the same to me. Let the professors work that out among themselves, if they think it impor- tant. But practically speaking"- h e moodily stubbed out his cigarette in the ashtray, then looked up in exasperation-"is it the people with two reservoirs or only one reservoir who run the world? "
"I thought you only wanted to know how I imagine such ideas might arise. . . . "
"If that's what you've been telling me, I'm afraid I don't follow you," Tuzzi said.
"But it's very simple. You have no second reservoir-so you haven't got the principle of wisdom and you don't understand a word of what the people who have a soul are talking about. Do accept my congratulations! "
Ulrich had gradually become aware that he was expressing, in ig- nominious fonn and in curious company, ideas that might be not at
Into the Millennium (The Criminals) · 877
all unsuited to explain the feelings that obscurely stirred his own heart. The sunnise that in a state of enhanced receptivity an over- flowing and receding of experiences might arise that would connect the senses boundlessly and gently as a sheet ofwater with all creation called to mind his long talks with Agathe, and his face involuntarily took on an expression that was partly obdurate, partly forlorn. Tuzzi studied him from under his indolently raised eyelids and gathered from the form of Ulrich's sarcasm that he himself was not the only person present who was "dammed up" in a manner not of his own choice.
Both of them hardly noticed how long Rachel was taking. She had been detained by Diotima, who had needed her help in quickly put- ting herself and her sickroom into an ordered state of suffering that would be informal, yet proper for receiving Ulrich. Now the maid brought a message that Ulrich should not leave but be patient just a bit longer, and then hurried back to her mistress.
"All those quotations you cited are of course allegories," Ulrich continued after this interruption, to make up to his host for having to keep him company. "A kind of butterfly language! And people like Amheim give me the impression that they can guzzle themselves potbellied with this vaporous nectar of theirs! I mean . . . ," he has- tened to add, remembering just in time that he must not include Di- otima in the insult, "I have this impression about Amheim in particular, just as he also paradoxically gives the impression that he carries his soul in his breast pocket like a wallet! "
Tuzzi put down his briefcase and gloves, which he had picked up when Rachel appeared, and said with some force: "Do you realize what this is? I mean, what you've explained to me so well. It's nothing but the spirit of pacifism! " He paused to let this revelation sink in. "In the hand of amateurs, pacillsm can be extremely dangerous! " he added portentously.
Ulrich would have laughed, but Tuzzi was being dead serious; he had, in fact, linked two things that actually were distantly related, funny as it might be to see how love and pacifism were connected for him in an impression of dilettantish debauchery. At a loss for an an- swer, Ulrich took the occasion to fall back on the Parallel Campaign and its chosen watchword, "Action! "
"That's a Leinsdorf idea," Tuzzi said disdainfully. "Do you recall
878 · THE MAN WITH0 UT QUALITIES
the last discussion here before you went away? Leinsdorf said: 'Something's got to be done! ' That's all there was to it, and that's what they mean by their new watchword, 'Action! ' And Arnheim is of course trying to foist his Russian pacifism on it. Do you remember how I warned them about it? I'm afraid they'll have cause to remem- ber me! Nowhere in the world is foreign policy as difficult as it is here, and I said even then: 'Whoever takes it upon himself these days to put fundamental political ideas into practice has to be part gam- bler and part criminal. ' " This time, Tuzzi was really opening up, probably because Ulrich might be called by his wife at any moment, or because in this conversation he did not want to be the only one to have things explained to him.
"The Parallel Campaign is arousing suspicion all over the world," he reported, "and at home, where it's being viewed as both anti-Ger- man and anti-Slav, it's also having repercussions in our foreign rela- tions. But if you want to know the difference between amateur and professional pacifism, let me tell you something: Austria could pre- vent a war for at least thirty years by joining the Entente Cordiale! And this could of course be done on the Emperor's Jubilee with a matchless pacifist flourish, while at the same time we assure Ger- many of our brotherly love whether or not she follows suit. The ma- jority of our nationalities would be overjoyed. With easy French and English credit we could make our army so strong that Germany couldn't bully us. We'd be rid ofltaly altogether. France wouldn't be able to do a thing without us. In short, we would be the key to peace and war, we'd make the big political deals. I'm not giving away any secrets; this is a simple diplomatic calculation that any commercial attache could work out. So why can't it be done? Imponderables at Court. Where they dislike the Emperor so heartily that they'd con- sider it almost indecent to let it happen. Monarchies are at a disad- vantage today because they're weighed down by decency! Then there are imponderables of so-called public opinion-which brings me to the Parallel Campaign. Why doesn't it educate public opinion? Why doesn't it teach the public to see things objectively? You s e e " - but at this point Tuzzi's statements lost some of their plausibility and began to sound more like concealed affliction-"this fellow Arnheim really amuses me with those books he writes! He didn't invent writ- ing, and the other night, when I couldn't fall asleep, I had time to
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think about it a little. There have always been politicians who wrote novels or plays, like Clemenceau, for instance, or Disraeli; not Bis- marck, but Bismarck was a destroyer. And now look at those French lawyers who are at the helm today: enviable! Political profiteers, but with a first-rate diplomatic corps to advise them, to give them guide- lines, and all ofthem have at one time or another dashed offplays or novels without the slightest embarrassment, at least when they were young, and even today they're still writing books. Do you think these books are worth anything? I don't. But I give you my word that last night I was thinking that our own diplomats are missing out on some- thing because they're not writing books too. And I'll tell you why: First of all, it's as true for a diplomat as for an athlete that he has to sweat offhis excess water. Secondly, it's good for public security. Do you know what the European balance of power is? " .
They were interrupted by Rachel, who came to tell Ulrich that Di- otima was expecting him. Tuzzi let her hand him his hat and coat. "If you were a patriot . . . ," he said, slipping into the sleeves as Rachel held his coat for him.
"What would I do then? " Ulrich asked him, looking at the black pupils of Rachel's eyes.
"If you were a patriot, you'd alert my wife or Count Leinsdorf to some of these problems. I can't do it myself--coming from a hus- band it could easily seem narrow-minded. "
"But nobody here takes me seriously," Ulrich said calmly.
"Oh, don't say that! " Tuzzi cried out. "They may not take you seri- ously the way they take other people seriously, but for a long time now they've all been quite afraid of you. They're afraid that you're liable to put Leinsdorf up to something crazy. Do you know what the European balance of power is? " the diplomat probed intently.
"I suppose so; more or less," Ulrich said.
"Then I must congratulate you! " Tuzzi flared up bitterly. 'W e pro- fessional diplomats have no idea--none of us do. It is what mustn't be disturbed ifpeople are not to be at each other's throats. But what it is that mustn't be disturbed, no one knows exactly. Just cast your mind back a little over what's been going on around you these last few years and is still going on: the Italo-Turkish war, Poincare in Moscow, the Baghdad question, armed intervention in Libya, Aus- tro-Serbian tensions, the Adriatic problem . . . Is that a balance? Our
88o · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
never-to-be-forgotten Baron Ahrenthal- But I mustn't keep you any longer! "
"Too bad," Ulrich said. "If that's what the European balance of power comes to, then it's the best possible expression of the Euro- pean spirit! "
"Yes, that's what makes it so interesting," Tuzzi replied from the door, with an indulgent smile. "And from that point ofview the spiri- tual achievement of our Parallel Campaign is not to be underesti- mated! " -
"Why don't you put a stop to it? "
Tuzzi shrugged his shoulders. "In this country, if a man in His Grace's position wants something, one can't come out against it. All one can do is just keep one's eyes open. "
"And how have you been getting on? " Ulrich asked the little black- and-white sentry who was now taking him to Diotima.
17
DIOTIMA HAS CHANGED THE BOOKS SHE READS
"My dear friend," Diotima said when Ulrich came in, "I didn't want to let you leave without having a word with you, but to have to re- ceive you in this state . . . ! " She was wearing a negligee in which her majestic form, through its accidental position, looked slightly preg- nant; this lent the proud body, which had never given birth, some- thing of the lovely abandon of the travail of motherhood. Beside her on the sofa lay a fur collar, which she had obviously been using to keep herselfwarm, and on her forehead a compress against migraine had been allowed to stay in place because she knew it was decorative, like a Greek headband. Though it was late, no lamp had been lit, and the mingled scent of medications and fresheners for some unknown malaise hung in the air, mixed with a powerful fragrance that had been tossed over all the individual odors like a blanket.
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Ulrich bent his face low to kiss Diotima's hand, as ifhe were trying to make out from the scent of her arm what changes had taken place during his absence. But her skin exuded only the same rich, well-fed, well-bathed aroma it always did.
"Ah, my friend, how good it is to have you back! Oh! " she suddenly moaned, but with a smile. ''I'm having the most awful cramps! "
Such information, from a straightforward person as neutral as a weather report, on Diotima's lips took on all the emphasis of a break- down and a confession.
"Dear cousin! " Ulrich exclaimed, and leaned forward with a smile to look into her face. For an instant Ulrich confused Tuzzi's delicate hint about his wife's indisposition with a conjecture that Diotima had become pregnant, which would have been a momentous him of events for the household.
Half guessing what was in his mind, she made a languid gesture of denial. What she had was only menstrual cramps, which were, how- ever, something new in her experience; she had begun having them only in the last few months, suggesting an obscure connection with her wavering between Arnheim and her husband. When she heard of Ulrich's return it gave her some comfort, and she welcomed him as the confidant of her struggles, which is why she had received him. She lay there, with only a token pretense of sitting up, abandoned to the pains that raged within her, and was in his company a piece of untrammeled nature, without fences or No Trespassing signs, a rare enough condition with her. She had assumed she could convincingly plead a nervous stomachache, no more than a sign of a sensitive con- stitution; otherwise, she would not have let him see her.
"Why don't you take something for it? '' Ulrich asked her.
"Ah," Diotima sighed, "it's only this excitement. My nerves can't take it much longer! "
There was a little pause, because this was really Ulrich's cue to inquire after Arnheim, but he was more interested in finding out about the things that directly concerned himself, and he could not immediately find a way. Finally, he asked:
"Liberating the soul from civilization is not so easy, I suppose? '' and added: ''I'm afraid I can flatter myself that I predicted long since that your efforts to blaze a trail for the spirit into the world would come to a painful end! "
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Diotima remembered how she had escaped from the reception and sat with Ulrich on the shoe bench in her foyer: she had been almost as depressed then as she was today, and yet there had been countless risings and ebbings of hope since then.
'Wasn't it glorious, dear friend," she said, "when we still believed in the great idea! Today I can say that the world listened, but how deeply disappointed I am myself! "
"But why, actually? " Ulrich asked.
"I don't know. It must be my fault. "
She was about to add something about Arnheim, but Ulrich
wanted to know what people had made of the great demonstration; the last he remembered of it was not finding Diotima at home after Count Leinsdorfhad sent him to prepare her for some firm interven- tion, while making sure she would not worry.
Diotima made a disdainful gesture. "The police arrested a few young people, and then they let them go; Leinsdorf was very an- noyed, but what else could they do? Now he's backing Wisnieczky more than ever, and insists that something must be done. But Wis- nieczky can't organize any propaganda if no one knows what it's sup- posed to be for! "
"I hear it's supposed to be Watchword: Action! '" Ulrich inter- jected. The name of Baron Wisnieczky, who as Cabinet Minister had been wrecked by the opposition of the German nationalist parties- so that putting him at the head of the committee to drum up support for the undefined great patriotic idea of the Parallel Campaign could only arouse intense suspicion-vividly reminded Ulrich of His Grace's political ministrations, whose fruit this was. It seemed that the casual course of Count Leinsdorf's thinking-perhaps confirmed by the predictable failure of all attempts to electrify the spirit of the homeland, and beyond that of all Europe, by a concerted effort of its leading intellects-had now led him to the realization that it would be best to give this spirit a push, no matter from what direction. In His Grace's deliberations this might also have been supported by ex- periences with cases of possession, whose victims were sometimes supposed to be helped by being ruthlessly screamed at or shaken. But this speculation, which had rushed through Ulrich's mind before Diotima could reply, was now interrupted by her answer. This time, the invalid again addressed him as "dear friend. "
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"My dear friend," she said, "there is some truth in that! Our cen- tury is thirsting for action. An action-"
"But what action? What kind of action? " Ulrich broke in.
"It doesn't matter! In action there is a magnificent pessimism about words. We can't deny that in the past all we have done is talk. We have lived for great and eternal words and ideals; for a heighten- ing of human values; for being true to our inmost selves; for an ever- increasing enrichment of life. We have striven for a synthesis, we have lived for new aesthetic joys and new standards of happiness, and I won't deny that the quest for truth is child's play compared with the immense responsibility of becoming a truth oneself. But we over- reached, considering the meager sense of reality the human soul has in our time, and we have lived in a dream of yearning, but for nothing! "
Diotima had urgently risen on one elbow. "It's a healthy sign these days to renounce the search for the buried entrance to the soul and try instead to come to terms with life as it is! " she concluded.
Now Ulrich had a second, authorized version of the slogan "Ac- tion! " to set beside the conjectural Leinsdorfian one. Diotima seemed to have changed her library books. He remembered seeing her, as he came in, surrounded by piles of books, but it had grown too dark to make out the titles; besides, some were covered by the medi- tative young woman's body as by a great serpent that had now reared up higher and was eagerly watching his face. Since girlhood Diotima had been inclined to nourish herself on very sentimental and subjec- tive books, but now, as Ulrich gathered from what she said, she had been seized by that spiritual urge for renewal which is constantly at work, striving to find what it has failed to find in the ideas of the last twenty years in the ideas of the next twenty years. This may tum out to be the root of those great changes of mood in history, which see- saw between humanitarianism and ruthlessness, rage and indiffer- ence, or other such contradictions for which there seems to be no adequate explanation. It passed through Ulrich's mind that the little residue of uncertainty left over from every moral experience, about which he had talked so much with Agathe, must really be the cause of this human instability; but because he shied away from the plea- sure with which he remembered those conversations, he forced his thoughts to tum aside and focus instead on the General, who had
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been the first to tell him that the age was receiving a new spirit, and had done so in a tone of healthy irritation that left no room for be- guiling oneself with bewitching doubts. And because he was now thinking of the General, the latter's request that Ulrich might look into the ruffled relationship between his cousin and Arnheim came to mind, so that he ended by responding bluntly to Diotima's speech of farewell to the soul:
" 'Boundless love' doesn't seem to have quite agreed with you! "
"Oh, you're incorrigible! " His cousin sighed, letting herself fall back into her pillows, where she closed her eyes; unaccustomed to such straightforward language in Ulrich's absence, she needed time to recollect just how much she had confided in him. But suddenly his nearness brought it back. She dimly remembered a talk with Ulrich about "love beyond measure," which had been continued at their last or penultimate meeting: a conversation in which she had sworn that souls could step outside the prison ofthe body, or at least lean out of it halfway, as it were, and Ulrich had retorted that these were the delirious ravings of starved love, and that she should concede her "concession" to Arnheim, or himself, or anyone at all; he had even named Tuzzi in that connection, as she now recalled-suggestions of this kind were probably easier to remember than the rest of the things a man like Ulrich talks about. At the time, she had probably been justified in feeling this as impudent, but since past pain is a harmless old friend compared with present pain, it now enjoyed the advantage of being a memory of frankness between friends. So Di- otima opened her eyes again and said: "There's probably no perfect love on this earth! "
She said it with a smile, but beneath her compress her brow was sadly furrowed, which gave her face a curiously twisted expression in the dim light. In whatever concerned her personally Diotima was not averse to believing in supernatural possibilities. Even General Stumm's unexpected appearance at the Council meeting had startled her as though it were the doing of spirits, and as a child she had prayed that she might never die. This made it easier for her to be- lieve in a supernatural way in her relationship with Arnheim, or more accurately, to believe with that not quite complete disbelief, that something-that-cannot-be-ruled-out, which today has become the basic attitude in matters of faith. Had Arnheim been capable of
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doing more than drawing something invisible from her soul and his own, something that touched in midair when they were five yards apart, or had their eyes been able to meet in such a way that some- thing tangible would come ofit-a coffee bean, a barleycorn, an ink stain-some trace of some kind of real use or even just a suggestion of progress, then the next thing Diotima would have expected was that someday this connection would go higher still, turning into one of those otherworldly connections that it is just as hard to form an exact idea of as it is of most worldly ones.
She could even put up with Arnheim's lately being away more often and for longer periods than before, and his being immersed to a surprising degree in his business affairs even on days when he was present. She permitted herself no doubt that his love for her was still the great event in his life, and whenever they came together again alone, the level of their souls in- stantly rose so high, and their sense of contact was so powerful, that their feelings were struck dumb, and if they could not find anything impersonal to talk about, a vacuum developed that left a bitter ex- haustion in its wake. However little the possibility could be excluded that this was passion, she could just as little bring herself-accus- tomed as she was by the times she lived in to regard everything not practical as merely a matter of belief, or rather of unsettled un- belief-to exclude the possibility that something more would come of it, which would be contrary to all reasonable expectations. But at this moment, when she had opened her eyes to look straight at Ul- rich, ofwhom she could make out only a dark outline, and who stood there in silence, she asked herself: 'What am I waiting for? What am I really expecting to happen? "
At length Ulrich said: "But Arnheim wanted to marry you! "
Diotima again propped herself up on her arm, and she said: "Can one solve the problem of love by getting divorced or married? "
"So I was mistaken about the pregnancy," Ulrich noted mentally, unable to think ofanything to say in response to his cousin's outburst. Then he said abruptly: "I warned you about Arnheim! " Perhaps he now felt obligated to tell her what he knew about the tycoon's mixing up both their souls in his business deals; but he instantly dropped the idea, for he felt that in this conversation every word had its allotted place, like the objects in his study that he had found carefully dusted on his return, as though he had been dead for the space of a minute.
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Diotima chided him: "You shouldn't take it so lightly. There's a deep friendship between Arnheim and me; and if at times there's also something else between us, something I might call a great anxi- ety, it only comes from our frankness. I don't know whether you've ever experienced this, or whether you can: between two people who reach a certain level of emotional rapport any lie becomes so impos- sible that they can hardly speak to each other at all anymore! "
In this reproof Ulrich's finely tuned ear heard that his cousin's soul was more accessible to him than usual, and because he was highly amused by her unintended confession that she could not talk with Arnheim without lying, he demonstrated his own openness for a while by not saying anything either. Then, when she had lain back again, he bent over her arm and kissed its hand in a gentle gesture of friendship. Light as the marrow of elder twigs it rested in his own, and remained lying there even after the kiss. Her pulse throbbed on his fingertips. The powder-fine scent of her nearness clung to his face like a puff of cloud. And although this gallant kiss on the hand had been only in jest, it was like infidelity in leaving behind a certain bitter aftertaste of desire, of having leaned so closely over a person that one drank from her like an animal, and no longer saw one's own image rising back up out of the water.
"What are you thinking? " Diotima asked. Ulrich merely shook his head and so gave her a fresh opportunity-in the darkness that was brightened only by a last velvety glimmering-to make comparative studies of silence. She was reminded of a wonderful saying: "There are people with whom not even the greatest hero would trust himself to remain silent. " Or it was something like that. She seemed to re- member that it was a quotation; Arnheim had used it, and she had applied it to herself. Other than Arnheim's, she had since the first weeks of her marriage never held a man's hand in hers for longer than two seconds; but it was happening now with Ulrich's hand. Wrapped up in herself as she was, she overlooked what the next step might be, but found herself a moment later pleasantly convinced that she had been quite right not to wait idly for the hour of supreme love-perhaps yet to come, perhaps not-but to use the time oftem- porizing indecision to devote herself somewhat more to her hus- band. Married people have it easy; where others would be breaking faith with a lover, they can say that they are remembering their duty.
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And because Diotima told herself that, come what might, she must do her duty for now at the post where fate had placed her, she had undertaken to improve her husband's shortcomings and infuse him with a little more soul. Again a poet's words came to mind, roughly to the effect that there was no deeper despair than to be entwined in a common fate with a person one did not love; and that also proved that she must make an effort to feel something for Tuzzi as long as their fate had not separated them. In sensible contrast to the incalcu- lable events of the soul, from which she had made him suffer long enough, she set about it systematically; she felt pride in the books on which she was lying, for they concerned themselves with the physiol- ogy and psychology of marriage, and somehow everything harmo- nized: that it was dark, that she had these books by her, that Ulrich was holding her hand, that she had conveyed to him the magnificent pessimism that she might soon be expressing in her public role by renouncing her ideals. So thinking, Diotima pressed Ulrich's hand from time to time as if her suitcases were standing packed for her to take leave of everything that had been. She moaned softly, and the faintest wave of pain ran through her body by way of excuse; but Ul- rich reassured her with the pressure of his fingertips. After this had happened several times, Diotima thought it really might be too much, yet she no longer dared to withdraw her hand, because it lay so light and dry in his, even trembling at times, as she herself recog- nized, like an inadmissible indication of the physiology of love, which she had not the slightest intention of betraying by some awkward movement of flight.
It was "Rachelle," busying herselfin the adjoining room-she had been acting in an oddly impertinent fashion lately-who put an end to this scene by suddenly turning on the light on the other side of the open door. Diotima hastily pulled her hand away from Ulrich's, in which a space that had been filled with weightlessness remained lying for a moment longer.
"Rachelle," Diotima called in a hushed voice, "tum the light on in here too! "
When this was done their illumined heads had the look of some- thing just emerged from the depths, as though the darkness had not quite dried off them. Shadows lay around Diotima's mouth, giving it moistness and fullness; the little mother-of-pearl bulges on her neck
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and under her cheeks, which ordinarily seemed to have been created for the delectation of lovers, were hard as a linocut and shaded with slashes of ink. Ulrich's head, too, loomed up in the unaccustomed light, painted in black and white like that of a savage on the warpath. Blinking, he tried to make out the titles on the books surrounding Diotima, and saw with amazement what his cousin's choice of read- ing matter revealed about her desire to learn the hygiene of body and soul. "Someday he's going to hurt me! " she suddenly thought, follow- ing his glance and troubled by it, but it did not enter her conscious- ness in the form of that sentence: she merely felt much too defenseless as she lay there in the light under his gaze and struggled to recover her poise. With a gesture meant to be thoroughly supe- rior, as befitted a woman "independent" of everything, she waved her hand over her reading and said in the most matter-of-fact tone: "Would you believe that adultery sometimes strikes me as far too simple a solution for marital conflict? "
"At all events it's the most sparing," Ulrich replied, irritating her with his mocking tone. ''I'd say it can do no harm at all. "
Diotima gave him a reproachful look and made a sign to warn him that Rachel could hear what they were saying from the next room. Then she said aloud: "That's certainly not what I meant! " and called her maid, who appeared sullenly and accepted with bitter jealousy her being sent out.
This interlude had, however, given their feelings time to put them- selves to rights. The illusion, favored by the darkness, that they were committing a tiny infidelity together, though rather indefinabiy and toward no one in particular, evaporated in the light, and Ulrich now turned to the business that had to be attended to before he could leave.
"I haven't yet told you that I'm resigning as Secretary," he began.
Diotima, however, had heard of it, and told him that he would have to stay on; there was no way out ofit. "There's such an immense amount of work still to be done," she pleaded. "Be patient a while longer; we're bound to find a solution soon! A real secretary will be found to place at your disposal. "
This impersonal "will be found" aroused Ulrich's curiosity, and he asked for details.
"Amheim has offered to lend you his own secretary. "
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"No, thanks," Ulrich replied. "I have the feeling that might not be quite disinterested. " Again he was more than strongly tempted to let Diotima in on the simple connection with the oil fields, but she had not even noticed the ambiguity of his answer, and simply continued:
"Apart from that, my husband has also offered to let you have one of the clerks in his office. "
'W ouldn't you mind? "
"To be frank, I wouldn't be entirely happy about that," Diotima said more energetically. "Especially as there's no dearth of possibili- ties. Even your friend the General has given me to understand that he'd be delighted to send you an aide from his department. "
"And Leinsdorf? ''
"These three offers were made to me spontaneously, so I had no reason to ask Leinsdorf; but I'm sure he wouldn't shrink from mak- ing a sacrifice. "
"Everyone's spoiling me," Ulrich commented, summing up with these words the amazing readiness of Arnheim, Tuzzi, and Stumm to plant a man of their own inside the Parallel Campaign at such low cost. "But perhaps it would be most advisable for me to take on your husband's clerk. "
"My dear friend-" Diotima said, still protesting, but she did not really know how to go on, which was probably why something quite tangled came out. Again she propped herself up on an elbow and said with feeling: "I reject adultery as too crude a solution of marital con- flicts-l've told you that! But even so, there's nothing so hard as being linked for life in a single destiny with a person one doesn't love enough! "
This was a most unnatural cry of nature. But Ulrich, unmoved, would not be shaken from his resolve. "No doubt Section Chief Tuzzi would like this way of having a hand in your operation; but so would the others," he pointed out. "All three are in love with you, and each of them has to reconcile this somehow with his duty. " How odd, he thought, that Diotima did not understand either the lan- guage of facts or that of the comments he made on them, and rising to take his leave, he added with even heavier irony: "The only one who loves you unselfishly is myself-because I have no duties of any kind and no commitments. But feelings without distraction are de- structive; you've meanwhile found that out for yourself, and you have
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always regarded me with a justifiable, even if only instinctive, mis- trust. "
Although Diotima did not know why, this was precisely and en- dearingly the reason that she was pleased to see Ulrich siding with her own house in this matter of the secretary, and she did not let go of the hand he offered her.
"And how does this fit in with your affair with 'that' woman? " she asked, playfully taking her cue from his remark-insofar as Diotima could be playful; the effect was rather that of a shot-putter playing with a feather.
Ulrich did not know whom she could mean.
"That judge's wife you introduced to me! "
"You noticed that, cousin? "
"Dr. Arnheim drew my attention to it. "
"Oh, did he? How flattering that he should think he can hurt my
standing with you in this fashion. But of course my relations with the lady are entirely innocent! " Ulrich stated, defending Bonadea's honor in the conventional fashion.
"She was in your house twice during your absence," Diotima said with a laugh. "The first time, we happened to be passing by, and we heard about the second time some other way. So there's no point in trying to be discreet. But on the other hand, I wish I could under- stand you! I simply can't! "
"How on earth could I explain this to you, of all people! "
"Try! " Diotima commanded. She had put on her expression of "of- ficial immorality," a sort of bespectacled look she donned whenever her mind commanded her to speak or hear things that were out of bounds for her soul as a lady. But Ulrich declined and repeated that his understanding of Bonadea could only be guesswork.
"All right," Diotima gave in, "even though your lady friend herself was not sparing with her hints! She seems to feel called upon to jus- tify some wrong or other in my eyes. But do speak of this, if you'd rather, as ifyou were merely guessing! "
Now Ulrich felt a thirst for knowledge, and he learned that Bona- dea had been to see Diotima several times, and not only in matters connected with the Parallel Campaign and her husband's position.
"I must admit I find her a beautiful woman," Diotima conceded, "and she is extraordinarily high-minded. I'm really upset that you're
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always eliciting confidences from me but always withholding yours! " At this moment Ulrich's attitude was approximately "the devil take both of you! " He felt like giving Diotima a scare and paying Bonadea back for her intrusiveness, or else he was suddenly feeling the full distance between himself and the life in which he had been
indulging.
"All right," he told her, summoning up a gloomy expression: "The
woman is a nymphomaniac and I find that irresistible! "
Diotima lmew "academically" what nymphomania was. There was a pause, and then she drawled: "The poor woman! And you find that
attractive? "
"Isn't it idiotic? " Ulrich said.
Diotima wanted to lmow "the details"-would he explain this "la-
mentable phenomenon" and enable her to understand it in "human terms"? He did so without exactly going into detail, but she was nev- ertheless overcome by a feeling of satisfaction that doubtless rested on that well-lmown gratitude to God that she was not like the other woman; but at its apex this feeling faded into dismay and curiosity, which was not to be without influence on her subsequent relations with Ulrich. Pensively she said: "But it must be simply awful to em- brace a person who doesn't mean anything to you! "
"You think so? " her cousin asked candidly. At this insinuation Diotima felt hurt and indignant to the marrow, but she could not let herself show it; she contented herself with letting go of his hand and sinking back into her pillows with a dismissive gesture. "You never should have told me this! " she said from where she lay. "You treated that poor woman very badly just now, and you've been most indiscreet! "
''I'm never indiscreet! " Ulrich objected, and could not help laugh- ing at his cousin. "You're really being unfair. You are the first woman to whom I've ever confided anything about another woman, and it was you who made me do it! "
Diotima was flattered. She wanted to say something of the same kind, to the effect that without a spiritual transformation one cheated oneself of the best in life; but she could not come out with it because it suddenly seemed too personal. Finally, something from one of the books surrounding her prompted her to answer noncommittally, from within the protection of her official persona: "Like all men,"
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she chided him, "you make the mistake of treating your love partner not as an equal but merely as a complement to yourself, and then you're disappointed. Has it never occurred to you that the only way to a transcendent, harmonious eroticism may lie through stricter self-discipline? "
Ulrich's jaw nearly dropped, but he answered in spontaneous self- defense: "Do you know that Section Chief Tuzzi has already grilled me today on the possibilities of the origin and training of the soul? "
Diotima sat up straight: "What? Tuzzi talks with you about soul? " she asked in amazement.
"Of course he does; he's trying to find out what it is," Ulrich as- sured her, but he could not be induced to stay any longer. He merely promised to betray a confidence some other time and tell her all about that too.
PROBLEMS OF A MORALIST WITH A LETTER TO WRITE
With this visit to Diotima the restless state Ulrich had been in since his return came to an end. On the afternoon of the very next day he sat down at his desk, and in doing so felt at home again, and began writing a letter to Agathe.
It was clear to him-as simple and clear as a windless day some- times is-that her rash scheme was extremely dangerous. What had happened so far could still be taken as a risky prank, of no concern to anyone but themselves, but that depended entirely on its being re- scinded before it acquired connections with reality, and the danger was growing with every passing day. Ulrich had written this much when he stopped, uneasy at the thought of entrusting to the mails a letter in which this was so openly discussed. He told himself that it would be better in every way to take the next train back, in place of
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the letter; but of course this made no sense to him either, since he had let days go by without doing anything about it. He knew he would not go.
He realized that there was something behind this tantamount to a choice: he simply felt like letting things take their course and seeing what came of this incident. So his problem was just how far he actu- ally, definitely could want to risk it, and all sorts of wide-ranging thoughts went through his mind.
It occurred to him right at the start, for instance, that whenever he had taken a "moral" stance so far, he had always been psychologically worse off than when he was doing or thinking something that might usually be considered "immoral. " This is a common occurrence, for in situations that are in conflict with their surroundings these ideas and actions develop all their energies, while in the mere doing of what is right and proper they understandably behave as if they were paying taxes. This suggests that all evil is carried out with zest and imagination, while good is distinguished by an unmistakable dreari- ness and dearth of feeling. Ulrich recalled that his sister had ex- pressed this moral dilemma quite casually by asking him whether being good was no longer a good thing. It ought to be difficult and breathtaking, she had maintained, and wondered why, nevertheless, moral people were almost always bores.
He smiled contentedly, spinning this thought out with the realiza- tion that Agathe and he were as one in their particular opposition to Hagauer, which could be roughly characterized as that of people who were bad in a good way to a man who was good in a bad way. Leaving out of account the broad middle of life's spectrum, which is, reasonably enough, occupied by people whose minds have not been troubled by the general terms good and evil since they let go of their mother's apron strings, there remain the two extremes where pur- poseful moral efforts are still made. Today these are left to just such bad/good and good/bad people, the first kind never having seen good fly or heard it sing, thus expecting their fellowmen to enthuse with them about a moral landscape where stuffed birds perch on dummy trees, while the second kind, the good/bad mortals, exasperated by their competitors, industriously show a penchant for evil, at least in theory, as if they were convinced that only wrongdoing, which is emotionally not quite as threadbare as doing good, still twitches with
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a bit of moral vitality. And so Ulrich's world-not, of course, that he was fully aware ofthis-had at that time the option ofletting itselfbe ruined by either its lame morality or its lively immoralists, and to this day it probably does not know which of those two choices it finally embraced with stunning success, unless that majority who can never spare the time to concern themselves with morality in general did pay attention to one case in particular because they had lost confi- dence in their own situation and, as a result, had of course lost a number ofother things as well. For bad/bad people, who can so eas- ily be blamed for everything, were even then as rare as they are today, and the good/good ones represent a mission as far removed as a distant nebula. Still, it was precisely of them that Ulrich was think- ing, while everything else he appeared to be thinking about left him cold.
And he gave his thoughts an even more general and impersonal form by setting the relationship that exists between the demands "Do! " and "Don't! " in the place of good and evil. For as long as a particular morality is in the ascendant-and this is just as valid for the spirit of "Love thy neighbor" as it is for a horde of V andals- "Don't! " is still only the negative and natural corollary of "Do! " Doing and leaving undone are red hot, and the flaws they contain don't count because they are the flaws of heroes and martyrs. In this condition good and evil are identical with the happiness and unhap- piness of the whole person. But as soon as the contested system has achieved dominance and spread itself out, and its fulfillment no lon- ger faces any special hurdles, the relationship between imperative and taboo perforce passes through a decisive phase where duty is not born anew and alive each day but is leached and drained and cut up into ifs and buts, ready to serve all sorts of uses. Here a process be- gins, in the further course of which virtue and vice, because of their common root in the same rules, laws, exceptions, and limitations, come to look more and more alike, until that curious and ultimately unbearable self-contradiction arises which was Ulrich's point of de- parture: namely, that the distinction between good and evil loses all meaning when weighed against the pleasure of a pure, deep, spon- taneous mode of action, a pleasure that can leap like a spark from permissible as well as from forbidden activities. Indeed, whoever takes an unbiased view is likely to find that the negative aspect of
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morality is more highly charged with this tension than the positive: While it seems relatively natural that certain actions called "bad" must not be allowed to happen, actions such as taking what belongs to others or overindulgence in sensual gratification, or, if they are committed, at least ought not to be committed, the corresponding affirmative moral traditions, such as unlimited generosity in giving or the urge to mortify the flesh, have already almost entirely disap- peared; and where they are still practiced they are practiced by fools, cranks, or bloodless prigs. In such a condition, where virtue is de- crepit and moral conduct consists chiefly in the restraint of immoral conduct, it can easily happen that immoral conduct appears to be not only more spontaneous and vital than its opposite, but actually more moral, if one may use the term not in the sense oflaw and justice but with regard to whatever passion may still be aroused by matters of conscience. But could anything possibly be more perverse than to incline inwardly toward evil because, with all one has left of a soul, one is seeking good?
Ulrich had never felt this perversity more keenly than at this mo- ment, when the rising arc his reflections had followed led him back to Agathe again. Her innate readiness to act in the good/bad m o d e - to resort once more to the term they had coined in passing-as so notably exemplified in her tampering with their father's will, of- fended the same innate readiness in his own nature, which had merely taken on an abstract theoretical form, something like a priest's admiration of the Devil, while as a person he was not only able to lead his life more or less according to the rules but even, as he could see, did not wish to be disturbed in so doing. With as much melancholy satisfaction as ironic clear-sightedness, he noted that all his theoretical preoccupation ·with evil basically amounted to this, that he wanted to protect the bad things that happened from the bad people who undertook them, and he was suddenly overcome by a longing for goodness, like a man who has been wasting his time in foreign parts dreaming ofcoming home one day and going straight to the well in his native village for a drink of water. If he had not been caught up in this comparison, he might have noticed that his whole effort to see Agathe as a morally confused person, such as the present age produces in profusion, was only a pretext to screen out a prospect that frightened him a good deal more. For his sister's con-
8g6 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
duct, which certainly did not pass muster objectively, exerted a re- markable fascination as soon as one dreamed along with it; for then all the controversies and indecisions vanished, and one was left with the impression of a passionate, affinnative virtue lusting for action, which could easily seem, compared with its lifeless daily counterpart, to be some kind of ancient vice.
Ulrich was not the man to indulge himself lightly in such exalta- tions of his feelings, least of all with this letter to write, so he redi- rected his mind into general reflections. These would have been incomplete had he not remembered how easily and often, in the times he had lived through, the longing for some duty rooted in com- pleteness had led to first one virtue, then another, being singled out from among the available supply, to be made the focus of noisy glorification. National, Christian, humanistic virtues had all taken their tum; once, it was the virtue of chromium steel, another time, the virtue of kindness; then it was individuality, and then fellowship; today it is the fraction of a second, and yesterday it was historical equilibrium. The changing moods of public life basically depend on the exchange of one such ideal for another: it had always left Ulrich unmoved, and only made him feel that he was standing on the side- lines. Even now all it meant for him was a filling in of the general picture, for only incomplete insight can lead one to believe that one can get at life's moral inexplicability, whose complications have become overwhelming, by means of one of the interpretations al- ready embedded within it. Such efforts merely resemble the move- ments of a sick person restlessly changing his position, while the paralysis that felled him progresses inexorably. Ulrich was convinced that the state of affairs that gave rise to these efforts was inescapable and characterized the level from which every civilization goes into decline, because no civilization has so far been capable of replacing its lost inner elasticity. He was also convinced that the same thing that had happened to every past moral system would happen to every future one. For the slackening of moral energy has nothing to do with the province ofthe Commandments or the keeping ofthem: it is independent of their distinctions; it cannot be affected by any outer discipline but is an entirely inner process, synonymous with the weakening ofthe significance ofall actions and offaith in the unity of responsibility for them.
Into the Millennium (The Criminals) · 897
And so Ulrich's thoughts, without his having intended it, found their way back to the idea he had ironically characterized to Count Leinsdorf as the "General Secretariat for Precision and Soul," and although he had never spoken of it other than flippantly and in jest, he now realized that all his adult life he had consistently behaved as though such a General Secretariat lay within the realm of possibility. Perhaps, he could say by way ofexcuse, every thoughtful person har- bors in himself some such idea of order, just as grown men may still wear next to their skin the picture of a saint that their mother hung around their necks when they were small. And this image of order, which no one dares either to take seriously or to put away, must be more or less something like this: On one hand, it vaguely stands for the longing for some law of right living, a natural, iron law that allows no exceptions and excludes no objections: that is, as liberating as in- toxication and sober as the truth. On the other hand, however, it evinces the conviction that one will never behold such a law with one's own eyes, never think it out with one's own thoughts, that no one person's mission or power can bring it about but only an effort by everyone-unless it is only a delusion.
Ulrich hesitated for an instant. He was doubtless a believing per- son who just didn't believe in anything. Even in his greatest dedica- tion to science he had never managed to forget that people's goodness and beauty come from what they believe, not from what they know. But faith had always been bound up with knowledge, even if that knowledge was illusory, ever since those primordial days of its magic beginnings. That ancient knowledge has long since rot- ted away, dragging belief down with it into the same decay, so that today the connection must be established anew. Not, of course, by raising faith "to the level of knowledge," but by still in some way making it take flight from that height. The art oftranscending knowl- edge must again be practiced. And since no one man can do this, all men must tum their minds to it, whatever else their minds might be on. When Ulrich at this moment thought about the ten-year plan, or the hundred- or thousand-year plan that mankind would have to de- vise in order to work toward a goal it can have no way ofknowing, he soon realized that this was what he had long imagined, under all sorts of names, as the truly experimental life. For what he meant by the term "faith" was not so much that stunted desire to know, the credu-
8g8 • THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
lous ignorance that is what most people take it to be, but rather a lmowledgeable intuition, something that is neither lmowledge nor fantasy, but is·not faith either; it is just that "something else" which eludes all these concepts.
He suddenly pulled the letter toward him, but immediately pushed it away again.
The stem glow on his face went out, and his dangerous favorite idea struck him as ridiculous. As though with one glance through a suddenly opened window, he felt what was really around him: can- nons and business deals. The notion that people who lived in this fashion could ever join in a planned navigation of their spiritual des- tiny was simply inconceivable, and Ulrich had to admit that historical development had never come about by means of any such coherent combination of ideas as the mind of the individual may just manage in a pinch; the course of history was always wasteful and dissipated, as if it had been flung on the table by the fist of some low-life gam- bler.
