$ 5), and the other a
daughter
of Acastus and (Fabric.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
Hell.
vi.
2.
S$ 10 ii.
18.
$ 4, 22.
$ 8, 30.
in fin.
); but, according to
-26 ; Diod. xv. 46, 47; Schneider, ad Xen. Hell. others, his son's name was Comeles. (Tzetz. ad
vi. 2. & 10; Wesseling, ad Diod. xv. 47; Thirl. Lycoph. 603, 1093; Serv. ad Aen. xi. 269. ) lle
wall's Greece, vol. v. p. 60, note; Rehdantz, Vitae was one of the Epigoni, by whom Thebes was
Iph. Chabr. Timoth. iv. & 3. )
[E. E. ] taken (Ilom. Il. iv. 405; Apollod. iii. 7. $ 2), and
STESIMBROTUS (Etnoiu@poros), of Thasos, commanded the Argives under Diomedes, in the
a rhapsodist and historian in the time of Cimon Trojan war, being the faithful friend and com-
and Pericles, who is mentioned with praise by panion of Diomedes. (Hom. Il. ii. 564, iv. 367,
Plato and Xenophon, and who wrote a work upon xxiii
. 511 ; Philostr. Her. 4; Hygin. Fub. 175. )
Homer, the title of which is not known. He also He was one of the Greeks concealed in the wooden
wrote some historical works, for he is frequently horse (Hygin. Fab. 108), and at the distribution
quoted by Plutarch as an authority. There is also of the booty, he was said to have received an
a quotation in the Etymologicum Magnum (s. v. image of a three-eyed Zeus, which was in after-
’ldaiol) from a work of his on the mysteries, tepl times shown at Argos. (Paus. ii. 45. § 5, viii. 46.
TENETWv. (Plat. Ion, p. 550, c. ; Xen. Mem. iv. $ 2. ) His own statue and tomb also were believed
2. § 10, Sympos. iii
. 5; Plut. Them. 2, 24, Cim. to exist at Argos. (ii. 20. § 4, 22. in fin. ; comp.
4, 14, 16, Per. 8, 10, 13, 26, 36 ; Strab. x. p. Horat. Carm. i. 15. 23, iv. 9. 20 ; Stat. Achill. i. 469. )
472 ; Ath. xiii. p. 598, e. ; Tatian. adv. Graec. 7. The father of Cycnus, was metamorphosed
48; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i. pp. 524, 358,512 ; into a swan. (Ov. Met. ii. 368. ) (L. S. ]
Vossius, de Hist. Graec. pp. 43, 44, ed. Wester- STHE'NELUS (Oévedos), a tragic poet, con-
mann. )
[P. S. ) temporary with Aristophanes, who attacked him in
STHEINO or STHENO (EDELVÁ or seeva), the Gerytades and the Wasps. (Aristoph. Vesp.
one of the Gorgons. (Hes. Theog. 276 ; Apollod. 1312, and the Schol. ) The scholiast here 'speaks
ii. 4. & 2. )
(L. S. ) of him as a tragic actor, which is evidently a mis-
STHENEBOEA (Zbevéboua), a daughter of Jo- take, for Harpocration (s. v. ) expressly tells us that
bates, or Amphianax or Apheidas, was the wife of he was mentioned in the Didascaliae as a tragic
Proetus. From love of Bellerophon she made poet, and there are several references to him as
away with herself, whence Bellerophon is called such. He is mentioned by Aristotle (Poel. 22)
heros Sthenebocius. (Apollod. ii. 2. § 1, iii. 9. $ 1; with Cleophon, as an example of those poets whose
comp. Proerus and HJPPONOUS. ) (L. S. ] words are well chosen, but whose diction is not at
STHENELA'IDAS (@evenäldas), a Spartan, all elevated. The insipidity of his style is happily
who held the office of ephor in B. C. 432, and, in ridiculed by Aristophanes in the question,
“ How
the congress of the Lacedaemonians and their allies shall I eat the words of Sthenelus, dipping them in
at Sparta in that year, vehemently and successfully vinegar or in dry salt ? ” (Geryt. ap. Schol. ad
urged the assembly to decree war with Athens. Vesp. l. C. ; Ath. ix. p. 367. ). The comic poet
The speech which Thucydides puts into his mouth | Plato also, in his Lacones, attacked him for plagia-
on this occasion is strongly marked by the charac- rism. (Harpocr. and Phot s. v. ) There are no
teristics of Spartan eloquence, - brevity and sim- fragments of Sthenelus, except a single verse quoted
plicity. (Thuc. i. 85, 86, viii
. 5 ; Paus. iii. 7. ) [E. E. ] by Athenaeus (x. p. 428, a. ), which, being an
STHENELAS (0evéras), a son of Crotopus, hexameter, can hardly belong to a tragedy. Per-
father of Gelanor and king of Argos. (Paus. ii. 16. haps Sthenelus composed elegies. How long he
§ 1, 19. & 2. )
[L, S. ) lived is not known : from his not being mentioned
STHENÉLE (EDévean), the name of two mythi- in the Frogs, Kayser supposes that he had died
cal personages, one a daughter of Danaus (Apollod. before the exhibition of that play in B. C. 406.
ii. 1.
$ 5), and the other a daughter of Acastus and (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. p. 323 ; Welcker, die
mother of Patroclus. (iii. 12. $ 8. ) [L. S. ) Griech. Tragöd. p. 1033 ; Kayser, Hist. Crit. Trag.
STHE'NELUS (Edévelos). 1. One of the sons Graec. pp. 323–325; Wagner, Frag. Trag.
of Aegyptus and husband of Sthenele. (Apollod. Graec. in Didot’s Bibliotheca, p. 91. ) [P. S. )
ii. 1. & 5. )
STHENIS or STHENNIS (Σθένις, Σθέννις,
2. A son of Melas, who was killed by Tydeus. the former is the form used by the ancient writers,
(Apollod. i. 8. $ 5; comp. Oeneus. )
the latter in extant inscriptions), a statuary of Olyn-
3. A son of Perseus and Andromeda, and hus- thus, is mentioned by Pliny as contemporary with
band of Nicippe, by whom he became the father of | Lysippus and others, at the 114th Olympiad, B. C.
Alcinoë, Medusa, and Eurystheus. (Hom. Il. xix. 323. (H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. The false reading
116; Ov. Her. ix. 25, Met. ix. 273 ; Apollod. ii. of this passage, in the common editions, makes
4. & 5, &c. ) He was slain by Hyllus, the son of
Heracles. (Hygin, Fab. 244. )
That is, in the common editions. In the best
4. A son of Androgeos and grandson of Minos ; | manuscripts the word 'nokplans is omitted.
## p. 911 (#927) ############################################
STILBE.
911
STILICHO.
Sthenis a brother of Lysistratus ; whereas Lysis- | Creusa, became by Apollo the mother of Lapithus
tratus was the brother, not of Sthenis, but of Ly and Centaurus. (Diod. iv. 69 ; Schol. ad. Apollon.
sippus: the true reading is given in Sillig's edi- Rhod. i. 40. )
[L. S. )
tion. ) His works, as enumerated by the same STILICHO (Στιλίχων or Στελίχων), the mili-
writer, were the following: the statues of Ceres, tary ruler of the western empire under Honorius,
Jupiter, and Minerva, which stood in the Temple was the son of a Vandal captain of the barbarian
of Concord at Rome, and also flentes matronas, et auxiliaries of the emperor Valens. Stilicho rose
adorantes, sacrificantesque. (ibid. § 33. ) Other through prowess and great military skill, combined
writers mention, as one of the best of his works, with many other eminent qualities, which made
the statue of Autolycus, which was carried to Rome him dear to the army and invaluable to the em-
by Lucullus, after the taking of Sinope. (Strab. peror Thcodosius. In. A. D. 384, when magister
xii. p. 546, a. ; Plut. Lucull. 23, Pomp. 10; Ap- equitum, he was sent as ambassador to Persia, and
pian. Mithr. 83. ) He also made two statues of through his various ncconiplishments and agreeable
Olympic victors, Pyttalus and Choerilus. (Paus. manner of transacting business, so pleased the
vi. 16. & 7, 17. & 3. )
Persian king, that peace was concluded on terms
In addition to these notices of the artist, im- very advantageous for Rome. On his return, he
portant information may be derived from two ex- was made comes doinesticus and commander-in-
tant inscriptions. From one of these we learn chief of the army ; but his greatest reward was the
that he made a statue of the philosopher Bion, hand of Serena, the niece of Theodosins, whom he
the base of which still exists, bearing the words, married about the same time, from which we may
ZOENNIS ENOIEI. (Spon, Miscell. p. 126. ) The infer the great esteem be enjoyed with his master,
other, which is of far more consequence, is on one and the influence he exercised in the empire.
of the fragments of a base discovered at Athens, in Jealousy soon arose between him and Rufinus, the
1840, on the plateau in front of the western portico nefarious minister of Theodosius, which increased
of the Parthenon. This base appears to have after the murder of his friend, the gallant Promotus,
been a massive structure of masonry, faced with who in reward for his victories over the East Goths,
marble plates, and supporting a group of at least was first exiled, and then put out of the way by
five statues. Several of the marble plates were Rufinus. Jealousy soon waxed to implacable hatred,
found, bearing the names of the persons whose sta- and a struggle took place between the two rivals,
tues, dedicated by themselves, the base originally which eventually ended in the destruction of
supported, and of the artists who made them, or Rufinus.
at least some of them. One of these inscriptions is During the period from Stilicho's return from
ΣΘΕΝΝΙΣ ΕΠΟΗΣΕΝ, and another ΛΕΩΧΑΡΗΣ | Persia to the year 394, he distinguished himself
ENOHEEN. Hence we learn, not only the true by several victories over the barbarians, especially
form of the artist's name, but also the important the Bastarnae, and took a prominent part in the
facts, that he exercised his art at Athens, in con-government; but the events are not important
nection with the most distinguished artists of the enough to be mentioned in detail. His influence
later Attic school, and that he was contemporary | increased not a little when Theodosius confided to
with Leochares, who flourished about Ol. 102– Serena the education of his infant son Honorius,
ill, B. C. 370-335. This furnishes another after the death of the emprese Flaccilla, and it rose
striking example of the looseness with which Pliny to its acme in 394. In that year Theodosius pro-
groups artists together under certain fixed dates. claimed Honorius Augustus and emperor of the
A curious phenomenon is presented by inscriptions West, Stilicho and Serena being appointed his
on the other sides of this base, bearing the names guardians ; and after a touching private speech,
of Augustus, Drusus, Germanicus, and Trajan, and with which Thcodosius concluded the ceremony,
showing how ancient statues were appropriated. they set out for Rome, where Stilicho took the
(Ross, Kunstblatt, 1840, No. 32 ; R. Rochette, reins of government. He, as well as Serena,
Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 407, 408 ; Nagler, were active in abolishing paganism, which had still
Künstler-Lexicon, s. o. )
[P. S. ] a strong root in Rome ; but it seems that their zeal
STHE’NIUS (dévios), i. e. “the powerful," was not over pure, since several temples were
or “ the strengthening," a surname of Zeus, under stripped, by their command, of their silver and
which he had an altar in a rock near Hermione, gold ornaments, which found their way into the
where Aegeus concealed his sword and his shoes, gorernor's treasury, if at least the report is true,
which were found there by Theseus after he had for generally speaking Stilicho was a man of re-
lifted up the rock. (Paus. ii. 32. § 7, 34. § 6. ) markable integrity. The Roman emperor had now
One of the horses of Poseidon also bore the name five heads one emperor-in-chief, Theodosius, two
Sthenius. (Schol. ad Hom. Il. xiii. 23. ) (L. S. ] sub-emperors, Honorius and Arcadius, and two
STHENIUS. (STENIUS. ]
powerful ministers, Stilicho and Rufinus, both ani-
STHE’NIUS, of Thermae (Himerenses) in Si. mated by boundless ambition and divided by
cily, was a friend of C. Marius, and was therefore mortal hatred ; so that evils of every description
accused before Cn. Pompey, when the latter was would have sprung up, had not Theodosius been
sent to Sicily by Sulla (Cic. Verr. ii. 46; comp. the man fit to govern such heterogeneous elements,
Plut. Pomp. 10). The unjust proceedings of and make them all conform to his own will. No
Verres against this Sthenius are related at length sooner, however, did his death take place (394),
by Cicero. (Verr. ii. 34–46, comp. iii. 7, v. 42, than the struggle for the mastery broke out be-
tween Stilicho and Rufinus. The fall of the latter
STHENNIS. (Sthenis).
could be foretold. Rufinus, although possessed of
STI'CHIUS (Etixlos), a commander of the eminent qualities, was a downright scoundrel ; while
Athenians in the Trojan war, was slain by Hector. with still higher natural giſts, great military expe-
(Hom. I. xii. 195, xv. 329. )
(L. S. ) rience, and an eminently better character, Stilicho
STILBE (Erla6n), a daughter of Peneius and combined a twofold imperial alliance through his
49. )
1
## p. 912 (#928) ############################################
912
STILICHO.
STILICHO.
1
!
1
|
1
1
wife Serena and his daughter Maria, who had | titles of pater and dominus were given to him.
been betrothed to Honorius in the lifetime of the war with Alaric had meanwhile taken its
Theodosius, and was married to him soon after-course, and in 402 became extremely dangerous
wards. Stilicho began his reign by dividing the to Italy, where the Gothic chief had already more
imperial treasury in equal shares between Honorius than once made his appearance. In 403 A laric
and Arcadius ; prevailed upon Honorius to grant made an irresistible push as far as Milan, whence
the amnesty promised by the late Theodosius to the emperor Honorius fied to Ravenna, after aban-
the partisans of the rebel Eugenius ; quelled a mi- doning, at the persuasion of Stilicho, the cowardly
litary outbreak at Milan ; and finally set out to plan of transferring the seat of the empire into
make his and the emperor's authority respected in Gaul. In this crisis Stilicho acted with surprising
Gaul and Germany, where the barbarians pursued boldness, energy, and military wisdom. At the
an audacious course of invasions. His march up approach of the Goths he hastened to Rhaetia,
the Rhine was triumphant, and his force was in- where the inain force of the Italian troops was
creased by an alliance with the Suevi and Ale-employed against the natives, and after giving
manni. Marcomir, the principal chief of the the latter a severe chastisement, and compelling
Franks, fell into his hands, and was sent to Italy, them to accept peace, he returned to Milan with
where he ended his days in captivity ; the Saxon the whole of the Rhaetian corps.
-26 ; Diod. xv. 46, 47; Schneider, ad Xen. Hell. others, his son's name was Comeles. (Tzetz. ad
vi. 2. & 10; Wesseling, ad Diod. xv. 47; Thirl. Lycoph. 603, 1093; Serv. ad Aen. xi. 269. ) lle
wall's Greece, vol. v. p. 60, note; Rehdantz, Vitae was one of the Epigoni, by whom Thebes was
Iph. Chabr. Timoth. iv. & 3. )
[E. E. ] taken (Ilom. Il. iv. 405; Apollod. iii. 7. $ 2), and
STESIMBROTUS (Etnoiu@poros), of Thasos, commanded the Argives under Diomedes, in the
a rhapsodist and historian in the time of Cimon Trojan war, being the faithful friend and com-
and Pericles, who is mentioned with praise by panion of Diomedes. (Hom. Il. ii. 564, iv. 367,
Plato and Xenophon, and who wrote a work upon xxiii
. 511 ; Philostr. Her. 4; Hygin. Fub. 175. )
Homer, the title of which is not known. He also He was one of the Greeks concealed in the wooden
wrote some historical works, for he is frequently horse (Hygin. Fab. 108), and at the distribution
quoted by Plutarch as an authority. There is also of the booty, he was said to have received an
a quotation in the Etymologicum Magnum (s. v. image of a three-eyed Zeus, which was in after-
’ldaiol) from a work of his on the mysteries, tepl times shown at Argos. (Paus. ii. 45. § 5, viii. 46.
TENETWv. (Plat. Ion, p. 550, c. ; Xen. Mem. iv. $ 2. ) His own statue and tomb also were believed
2. § 10, Sympos. iii
. 5; Plut. Them. 2, 24, Cim. to exist at Argos. (ii. 20. § 4, 22. in fin. ; comp.
4, 14, 16, Per. 8, 10, 13, 26, 36 ; Strab. x. p. Horat. Carm. i. 15. 23, iv. 9. 20 ; Stat. Achill. i. 469. )
472 ; Ath. xiii. p. 598, e. ; Tatian. adv. Graec. 7. The father of Cycnus, was metamorphosed
48; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i. pp. 524, 358,512 ; into a swan. (Ov. Met. ii. 368. ) (L. S. ]
Vossius, de Hist. Graec. pp. 43, 44, ed. Wester- STHE'NELUS (Oévedos), a tragic poet, con-
mann. )
[P. S. ) temporary with Aristophanes, who attacked him in
STHEINO or STHENO (EDELVÁ or seeva), the Gerytades and the Wasps. (Aristoph. Vesp.
one of the Gorgons. (Hes. Theog. 276 ; Apollod. 1312, and the Schol. ) The scholiast here 'speaks
ii. 4. & 2. )
(L. S. ) of him as a tragic actor, which is evidently a mis-
STHENEBOEA (Zbevéboua), a daughter of Jo- take, for Harpocration (s. v. ) expressly tells us that
bates, or Amphianax or Apheidas, was the wife of he was mentioned in the Didascaliae as a tragic
Proetus. From love of Bellerophon she made poet, and there are several references to him as
away with herself, whence Bellerophon is called such. He is mentioned by Aristotle (Poel. 22)
heros Sthenebocius. (Apollod. ii. 2. § 1, iii. 9. $ 1; with Cleophon, as an example of those poets whose
comp. Proerus and HJPPONOUS. ) (L. S. ] words are well chosen, but whose diction is not at
STHENELA'IDAS (@evenäldas), a Spartan, all elevated. The insipidity of his style is happily
who held the office of ephor in B. C. 432, and, in ridiculed by Aristophanes in the question,
“ How
the congress of the Lacedaemonians and their allies shall I eat the words of Sthenelus, dipping them in
at Sparta in that year, vehemently and successfully vinegar or in dry salt ? ” (Geryt. ap. Schol. ad
urged the assembly to decree war with Athens. Vesp. l. C. ; Ath. ix. p. 367. ). The comic poet
The speech which Thucydides puts into his mouth | Plato also, in his Lacones, attacked him for plagia-
on this occasion is strongly marked by the charac- rism. (Harpocr. and Phot s. v. ) There are no
teristics of Spartan eloquence, - brevity and sim- fragments of Sthenelus, except a single verse quoted
plicity. (Thuc. i. 85, 86, viii
. 5 ; Paus. iii. 7. ) [E. E. ] by Athenaeus (x. p. 428, a. ), which, being an
STHENELAS (0evéras), a son of Crotopus, hexameter, can hardly belong to a tragedy. Per-
father of Gelanor and king of Argos. (Paus. ii. 16. haps Sthenelus composed elegies. How long he
§ 1, 19. & 2. )
[L, S. ) lived is not known : from his not being mentioned
STHENÉLE (EDévean), the name of two mythi- in the Frogs, Kayser supposes that he had died
cal personages, one a daughter of Danaus (Apollod. before the exhibition of that play in B. C. 406.
ii. 1.
$ 5), and the other a daughter of Acastus and (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. p. 323 ; Welcker, die
mother of Patroclus. (iii. 12. $ 8. ) [L. S. ) Griech. Tragöd. p. 1033 ; Kayser, Hist. Crit. Trag.
STHE'NELUS (Edévelos). 1. One of the sons Graec. pp. 323–325; Wagner, Frag. Trag.
of Aegyptus and husband of Sthenele. (Apollod. Graec. in Didot’s Bibliotheca, p. 91. ) [P. S. )
ii. 1. & 5. )
STHENIS or STHENNIS (Σθένις, Σθέννις,
2. A son of Melas, who was killed by Tydeus. the former is the form used by the ancient writers,
(Apollod. i. 8. $ 5; comp. Oeneus. )
the latter in extant inscriptions), a statuary of Olyn-
3. A son of Perseus and Andromeda, and hus- thus, is mentioned by Pliny as contemporary with
band of Nicippe, by whom he became the father of | Lysippus and others, at the 114th Olympiad, B. C.
Alcinoë, Medusa, and Eurystheus. (Hom. Il. xix. 323. (H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. The false reading
116; Ov. Her. ix. 25, Met. ix. 273 ; Apollod. ii. of this passage, in the common editions, makes
4. & 5, &c. ) He was slain by Hyllus, the son of
Heracles. (Hygin, Fab. 244. )
That is, in the common editions. In the best
4. A son of Androgeos and grandson of Minos ; | manuscripts the word 'nokplans is omitted.
## p. 911 (#927) ############################################
STILBE.
911
STILICHO.
Sthenis a brother of Lysistratus ; whereas Lysis- | Creusa, became by Apollo the mother of Lapithus
tratus was the brother, not of Sthenis, but of Ly and Centaurus. (Diod. iv. 69 ; Schol. ad. Apollon.
sippus: the true reading is given in Sillig's edi- Rhod. i. 40. )
[L. S. )
tion. ) His works, as enumerated by the same STILICHO (Στιλίχων or Στελίχων), the mili-
writer, were the following: the statues of Ceres, tary ruler of the western empire under Honorius,
Jupiter, and Minerva, which stood in the Temple was the son of a Vandal captain of the barbarian
of Concord at Rome, and also flentes matronas, et auxiliaries of the emperor Valens. Stilicho rose
adorantes, sacrificantesque. (ibid. § 33. ) Other through prowess and great military skill, combined
writers mention, as one of the best of his works, with many other eminent qualities, which made
the statue of Autolycus, which was carried to Rome him dear to the army and invaluable to the em-
by Lucullus, after the taking of Sinope. (Strab. peror Thcodosius. In. A. D. 384, when magister
xii. p. 546, a. ; Plut. Lucull. 23, Pomp. 10; Ap- equitum, he was sent as ambassador to Persia, and
pian. Mithr. 83. ) He also made two statues of through his various ncconiplishments and agreeable
Olympic victors, Pyttalus and Choerilus. (Paus. manner of transacting business, so pleased the
vi. 16. & 7, 17. & 3. )
Persian king, that peace was concluded on terms
In addition to these notices of the artist, im- very advantageous for Rome. On his return, he
portant information may be derived from two ex- was made comes doinesticus and commander-in-
tant inscriptions. From one of these we learn chief of the army ; but his greatest reward was the
that he made a statue of the philosopher Bion, hand of Serena, the niece of Theodosins, whom he
the base of which still exists, bearing the words, married about the same time, from which we may
ZOENNIS ENOIEI. (Spon, Miscell. p. 126. ) The infer the great esteem be enjoyed with his master,
other, which is of far more consequence, is on one and the influence he exercised in the empire.
of the fragments of a base discovered at Athens, in Jealousy soon arose between him and Rufinus, the
1840, on the plateau in front of the western portico nefarious minister of Theodosius, which increased
of the Parthenon. This base appears to have after the murder of his friend, the gallant Promotus,
been a massive structure of masonry, faced with who in reward for his victories over the East Goths,
marble plates, and supporting a group of at least was first exiled, and then put out of the way by
five statues. Several of the marble plates were Rufinus. Jealousy soon waxed to implacable hatred,
found, bearing the names of the persons whose sta- and a struggle took place between the two rivals,
tues, dedicated by themselves, the base originally which eventually ended in the destruction of
supported, and of the artists who made them, or Rufinus.
at least some of them. One of these inscriptions is During the period from Stilicho's return from
ΣΘΕΝΝΙΣ ΕΠΟΗΣΕΝ, and another ΛΕΩΧΑΡΗΣ | Persia to the year 394, he distinguished himself
ENOHEEN. Hence we learn, not only the true by several victories over the barbarians, especially
form of the artist's name, but also the important the Bastarnae, and took a prominent part in the
facts, that he exercised his art at Athens, in con-government; but the events are not important
nection with the most distinguished artists of the enough to be mentioned in detail. His influence
later Attic school, and that he was contemporary | increased not a little when Theodosius confided to
with Leochares, who flourished about Ol. 102– Serena the education of his infant son Honorius,
ill, B. C. 370-335. This furnishes another after the death of the emprese Flaccilla, and it rose
striking example of the looseness with which Pliny to its acme in 394. In that year Theodosius pro-
groups artists together under certain fixed dates. claimed Honorius Augustus and emperor of the
A curious phenomenon is presented by inscriptions West, Stilicho and Serena being appointed his
on the other sides of this base, bearing the names guardians ; and after a touching private speech,
of Augustus, Drusus, Germanicus, and Trajan, and with which Thcodosius concluded the ceremony,
showing how ancient statues were appropriated. they set out for Rome, where Stilicho took the
(Ross, Kunstblatt, 1840, No. 32 ; R. Rochette, reins of government. He, as well as Serena,
Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 407, 408 ; Nagler, were active in abolishing paganism, which had still
Künstler-Lexicon, s. o. )
[P. S. ] a strong root in Rome ; but it seems that their zeal
STHE’NIUS (dévios), i. e. “the powerful," was not over pure, since several temples were
or “ the strengthening," a surname of Zeus, under stripped, by their command, of their silver and
which he had an altar in a rock near Hermione, gold ornaments, which found their way into the
where Aegeus concealed his sword and his shoes, gorernor's treasury, if at least the report is true,
which were found there by Theseus after he had for generally speaking Stilicho was a man of re-
lifted up the rock. (Paus. ii. 32. § 7, 34. § 6. ) markable integrity. The Roman emperor had now
One of the horses of Poseidon also bore the name five heads one emperor-in-chief, Theodosius, two
Sthenius. (Schol. ad Hom. Il. xiii. 23. ) (L. S. ] sub-emperors, Honorius and Arcadius, and two
STHENIUS. (STENIUS. ]
powerful ministers, Stilicho and Rufinus, both ani-
STHE’NIUS, of Thermae (Himerenses) in Si. mated by boundless ambition and divided by
cily, was a friend of C. Marius, and was therefore mortal hatred ; so that evils of every description
accused before Cn. Pompey, when the latter was would have sprung up, had not Theodosius been
sent to Sicily by Sulla (Cic. Verr. ii. 46; comp. the man fit to govern such heterogeneous elements,
Plut. Pomp. 10). The unjust proceedings of and make them all conform to his own will. No
Verres against this Sthenius are related at length sooner, however, did his death take place (394),
by Cicero. (Verr. ii. 34–46, comp. iii. 7, v. 42, than the struggle for the mastery broke out be-
tween Stilicho and Rufinus. The fall of the latter
STHENNIS. (Sthenis).
could be foretold. Rufinus, although possessed of
STI'CHIUS (Etixlos), a commander of the eminent qualities, was a downright scoundrel ; while
Athenians in the Trojan war, was slain by Hector. with still higher natural giſts, great military expe-
(Hom. I. xii. 195, xv. 329. )
(L. S. ) rience, and an eminently better character, Stilicho
STILBE (Erla6n), a daughter of Peneius and combined a twofold imperial alliance through his
49. )
1
## p. 912 (#928) ############################################
912
STILICHO.
STILICHO.
1
!
1
|
1
1
wife Serena and his daughter Maria, who had | titles of pater and dominus were given to him.
been betrothed to Honorius in the lifetime of the war with Alaric had meanwhile taken its
Theodosius, and was married to him soon after-course, and in 402 became extremely dangerous
wards. Stilicho began his reign by dividing the to Italy, where the Gothic chief had already more
imperial treasury in equal shares between Honorius than once made his appearance. In 403 A laric
and Arcadius ; prevailed upon Honorius to grant made an irresistible push as far as Milan, whence
the amnesty promised by the late Theodosius to the emperor Honorius fied to Ravenna, after aban-
the partisans of the rebel Eugenius ; quelled a mi- doning, at the persuasion of Stilicho, the cowardly
litary outbreak at Milan ; and finally set out to plan of transferring the seat of the empire into
make his and the emperor's authority respected in Gaul. In this crisis Stilicho acted with surprising
Gaul and Germany, where the barbarians pursued boldness, energy, and military wisdom. At the
an audacious course of invasions. His march up approach of the Goths he hastened to Rhaetia,
the Rhine was triumphant, and his force was in- where the inain force of the Italian troops was
creased by an alliance with the Suevi and Ale-employed against the natives, and after giving
manni. Marcomir, the principal chief of the the latter a severe chastisement, and compelling
Franks, fell into his hands, and was sent to Italy, them to accept peace, he returned to Milan with
where he ended his days in captivity ; the Saxon the whole of the Rhaetian corps.
