He
resolved
Metellus declined their assistance, and withdrew
to become a candidate for the tribunate for the privately from the city.
to become a candidate for the tribunate for the privately from the city.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
Alexander also, in order to prevent the Gesch, d.
Kunst, b.
x.
c.
2.
Š 24.
) [P.
S.
]
commission of any hostilities against the Arians by P. SATU'RIUS, is mentioned by Cicero in
the Macedonian troops which were following from terms of great respect as one of the judices in
COIN OF P. SATRIENUS.
## p. 723 (#739) ############################################
SATURNINUS.
723
SATURNINUS.
The gem
the case of Cluentius (pro Cluentio, 38, 65). / regard to whom history is altogether silent. The
lle pleaded for Chaerea against Cicero's client, piece in question exhibits on the obverse a rayed
Q. Roscius, the comic actor (pro Rosc. Com. 1, head with the words IMP. CAE. SATVRNINYS AV. ;
6, 8).
on the reverse a soldier stabbing an enemy who
SATU'RNIA, that is, a daughter of Saturnus, has fallen from his horse, with FEL. TEM. REPA-
and accordingly used as a surname of Juno and Ratio, a legend which appears for the first time
Vesta. (Virg. Aen. i. 23, xii. 156; Ov. Fast. i. on the coins of Constans and Constantius. (Eckhel,
265, vi. 383. )
(L. S. ) vol. viii. pp. 111-113. )
[W. R. ]
SATURNI'NUS, artists. 1. One of the great SATURNI'NUS, Á EʼLIUS, composed some
gem-engravers of the age of Augustus. There is poems disrespectful to the emperor Tiberius, and
a beautiful cameo by him, engraved with the was in consequence condemned by the senate,
portrait of the younger Antonin, the wife of and hurled down from the Capitol. (Dion Cass.
Drusus, and inscribed with the word CATOP. Ivii. 22. )
NEINOY, in very fine characters.
SATURNI'NUS, AEMI’LIUS, praefectus
formerly belonged to the Arcieri fiumily at Rome, practorio under Septimius Severns, was slain by
and afterwards to the late queen of Naples, Plautianus, the all-powerful favourite of the ein-
Caroline Murat. (R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, peror. (Dion Cass. lxxv. 14. ).
p. 153, 2d ed. ).
SATURNI'NUS, ANNIUS, mentioned in a
2. Among the artists of the age of the Anto letter of Cicero (ad Att. v. 1. & 2).
nincs, Müller mentions, on the authority of Ap- SATURNINUS, L. ANTONIUS, governor
pulerus (de Magia, p. 66, ed. Bipont. ), a skilful of Upper Germany in the reign of Domitian,
wood-carver, named Saturninus, of Dea, in Africa. raised a rebellion against that emperor from
(Müller, Archäol. d. Kunst, $ 204, n. 5. )
motives of personal hatred, A. D. II. A sudden
3. P. Lucretius, a silver-chaser, only known by inundation of the Rhine prevented Saturninus
a Roman_inscription. (Doni, Inscript. p. 319, from receiving the assistance of the barbarians
No. 12; R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, p. 401, which had been promised him, and he was in
2d ed. )
[P. S. )
consequence conquered without difficulty by L.
SATURNI'NUS I. , one of the thirty tyrants Appius Maximus, the general of Domitian.
enumerated by Trebellius Pollio (see AUREOLUS), Maximus burnt all the letters of Antonius, that
by whom we are told that he was the best of all others might not be implicated in the revolt ; but
the generals of his day, and much beloved by Domitian did not imitate the magnanimity of his
Valerian, that disgusted by the debauchery of general, for he seized the pretext to put various
Gallienus, he accepted from the soldiers the title persons to death along with Saturninus, and sent
of emperor, and that, after having displayed much their heads to be exposed on the Rostra at
energy during the period of his sway, he was put Rome. It is related that the victory over An-
to death by the troops, who could not endure the tonius was announced at Rome on the same day
sternness of his discipline. Not one word, how on which it was fought. As to the variations in
ever, is said of the country in which these the name of L. Appius Maximus in the different
events took place. (Trebell. Poll. Trig. Tyr. writers see MAXIMUS, p. 986, b. (Dion Cass.
22. )
(W. R. ) lxvii. 11; Suet. Dom. 6, 7; Aurel. Vict. Epit.
SATURNI'NUS II. , a native of Gaul, whose 11; Mart. iv. ll, ix. 85 ; Plut. Aemil. Paul.
biography has been written by Vopiscus, distin- 25. )
guished himself so highly by military achievements SATURNI'NUS, APO'NIUS, the governor
in his native country, in Spain and Africa, that of Moesia at the death of Nero, repulsed the
he was regarded as one of the most able officers Sarmatians, who had invaded the province, and
in the empire, and was appointed by Aurelian was in consequence rewarded by a triumphal
commander of the Eastern frontier, with express statue at the commencement of Otho's reign. In
orders that he should never visit Egypt, for it was the struggle between Vitellius and Vespasian for
feared that the presence of an active and ambitious the empire, he first espoused the cause of the
Gaul among a population notorious for turbulence former, but afterwards declared himself in fa-
and violence might lead to disorder or insurrection. vour of the latter, and crossed the Alps to join
The far-seeing sagacity of this injunction was fully Antonius Primus in northern Italy. But Primus,
proved, for when, at a later period, during the who was anxious to obtain the supreme command,
reign of Probus, Saturninus entered Alexandria, excited a mutiny of the soldiers against Saturninus,
the crowd at once saluted him as Augustus. Fly- and compelled him to fly from the camp. Tacitus
ing from such a dangerous compliment, he returned calls him a consular, which we might infer from his
to Syria; but concluding, upon reflection, that his being Legatus of Moesia, but his name does not
safety was already compromised, with great reluc- occur in the Fasti. (Tac. Hist. i. 79, ii. 85, 96,
tance he permitted himself to be invested with a iii. 5, 9, 11. )
purple robe stripped from a statue of Venus, and SATURNI'NUS, APPULEIUS. 1. C. AP-
in that attire, surrounded by his troops, received PULEIUS SATURNINUS, was one of the commis-
the adoration of the crowd. He was eventually sioners sent by the senate in B. c. 168 to inquire
slain by the soldiers of Probus, although the em- | into and settle the disputes between the Pisani
peror would willingly have spared his life. (Vo- and Lunenses. (Liv. xlv. 13. )
piscus, Saturn. )
[W. R. ] 2. Appuleius SATURNINUS, praetor B. c. 166,
SATURNI'NUS III. A medal in third brass is probably the same person as the L. Appuleius
has been described by Banduri, which, if genuine, who was appointed in B. c. 173 one of the com-
cannot, according to the most skilful numismato- missioners for dividing certain lands in Liguria and
logists, be ascribed to an epoch earlier than the age Gaul among the citizens and Latins. (Liv. xlv.
of the song of Constantine, and must therefore 44, comp. xlii. 4. )
commemorate the usurpation of some pretender with 3. L. ARPULEIUS SATURNINUS, the celebrated
3 A 2
## p. 724 (#740) ############################################
724
SATURNINUS.
SATURNINUS.
demagogue, was probably a grandson of the pre- hement attacks upon Glaucia and Saturninus, and
ceding. He possessed considerable powers of was chosen in his stcad. But Nonius paid dearly
oratory, but was of a loose and dissolute character; for his honour, for in the same evening he was
and he might probably have passed through life murdered by the emissaries of Glaucia and Satur-
much like most other Roman nobles, had he not ninus ; and early the following morning before the
received an insult from the senate at the com- forum was full, Saturninus was chosen to fill up
mencement of his public career, which rankled in the vacancy. As soon as he had entered upon his
his breast and made him a furious opponent of the tribunate (B. c. 100), he brought forward an agra-
aristocratical party. In his quaestorship, B. c. 104, rian law for dividing the lands in Gaul, which had
he was stationed at Ostia, and as Rome was buffer- been lately occupied by the Cimbri, and added to the
ing at that time from a scarcity of corn, and the law a clause, that, if it was enacted by the people,
sennte thought that Saturninus did not make the senate should swear obedience to it within five
Bufficient exertions to supply the city, they super- days, and that whoever refused to do so should be
seded him and entrusted the provisioning of the expelled from the senate, and pay a fine of twenty
capital to M. Scaurus (Diod. Exc. xxxvi. p. 608, talents. This clause was specially aimed at -Me-
ed. Wess. ; Cic. pro Sext. 17, de Harusp. Resp. tellus, who, it was well known, would refuse to
20). Saturninus forth with threw himself into obey the requisition. But in order to make sure
the foremost ranks of the democratical party, and of a refusal on the part of Metellus, Marius rose
entered into a close alliance with Marius and his in the senate and declared that he would never
friends. He soon acquired great popularity, and take the oath, and Metellus made the same decla-
was elected tribune of the plebs for the year B. C. ration ; but when the law had been passed, and
102. We have scarcely any accounts of his con- Saturninus summoned the senators to the rostra to
duct in his first tribunate ; but he did enough to comply with the demands of the law, Marius, to
earn the hatred of the aristocracy, and accordingly the astonishment of all, immediately took the oath,
Metellus Numidicus, who was at that time censor, and advised the senate to follow his example. Me
endeavoured to expel him from the senate on the tellus alone refused compliance; and on the fol-
ground of immorality, but was prevented from lowing day Saturninus sent his viator to drag the
carrying his purpose into execution by the oppo- ex-censor out of the senate-house. Not content
sition of his colleagne.
Saturninus vowed ven- with his victory, he brought forward a bill to
geance against Metellus, which he was soon able punish him with exile. The friends of Metellus
to gratify by the assistance of Marius, who was were ready to take up arms in his defence ; but
also a personal enemy of Metellus.
He resolved Metellus declined their assistance, and withdrew
to become a candidate for the tribunate for the privately from the city. Saturninus bronght forward
year B. c. 100. At the same time Glaucia, who other popular measures, of which our information
next to Saturninus was the greatest demagogue of is very scanty. He proposed a Lex Frumentaria,
the day, offered himself as a candidate for the by which the state was to sell corn to the people at
praetorship, and Marius for the consulship. If 5-6ths of an as for the modius (Auctor, ad Herenn.
they all three carried their elections, the power of | i. 12), and also a law for founding new colonies in
the state, they thought, would be in their hands ; Sicily, Achaia, and Macedonia (Aurel. Vict. de Vir.
they might easily ruin Metellus, and crush the nu. 73 ; comp. Cic. pro Balb. 21). In the comitia
aristocracy. But in the midst of these projects for the election of the magistrates for the following
Saturninus was nearly ruined by a skilful move- year, Saturninus obtained the tribunate for the third
ment of his enemies. In the course of B. c. 101, time, and along with him there was chosen a cer-
and before the comitia for the election of the ma- tain Equitius, a runaway slave, who pretended to
gistrates for the ensuing year were held, the am- be a son of Tib. Gracchus. Glaucia was at the
bassadors of Mithridates appeared at Rome, bring. same time a candidate for the consulship ; the two
ing with them large sums of money for the purpose other candidates were M. Antonius and C. Mem-
of bribing the leading senators. As soon as this mius. The election of Antonius was certain, and
became known to Saturninus, he not only attacked the struggle lay between Glaucia and Memmius.
the senators with the utmost vehemence, but As the latter seemed likely to carry his election,
heaped the greatest insults upon the ambassadors. Saturninus and Glaucia hired some ruffians who
Upon the latter complaining of this violation of murdered him openly in the comitia. All sensible
the law of nations, the senate eagerly availed people had previously become alarmed at the mad
themselves of the opportunity, and brought Satur-conduct of Saturninus and his associates ; and this
ninus to trial for the offence he had committed. | last act produced a complete reaction against him.
As the judices at that time consisted exclusively The senate felt themselves now sufficiently strong
of senators, his condemnation appeared certain. to declare them public enemies, and ordered the
Saturninus in the utmost alarm put on the dress of consuls to put them down by force. Marius was
a suppliant, and endeavoured by his appearance, as unwilling to act against his associates, but he had
well as by his words, to excite the commiseration no alternative, and his backwardness was com-
of the people. In this he completely succeeded ; pensated by the zeal of others. Driven out of the
the people regarded him as a martyr to their cause, forum, Saturninus, Glaucia, and the quaestor Sau-
and on the day of his trial assembled in such feius took refuge in the Capitol, but the partisans
crowds around the court, that the judices were of the senate cut off the pipes which supplied the
overa wed, and contrary to general expectation pro- Capitol with water, before Marius began to more
nounced a verdict of acquittal (Diod. Erc. 631, against them. Unable to hold out any longer,
ed. Wess). In the comitia which soon followed, they surrendered to Marius. The latter did all he
Marius was elected consul and Glaucia praetor,could to save their lives: as soon as they descended
but Saturninus was not equally successful. He from the Capitol, he placed them for security in the
lost his election chiefly through the exertions of | Curia Hostilia, but the mob pulled off the tiles of
A. Nonius, who distinguished himself by his ve ) the senate-house, and pelted them with the tiles
## p. 725 (#741) ############################################
SATURNINUS.
725
SATURNINUS.
till they died. The senate gave their sanction to porary of the younger Pliny, is pmised by the
these proceedings by rewarding with the citizen. latter as a distinguished orator, historian, and poet
ship a slave of the name of Scaeva, who claimed (I'lin. Ep. i. 8). Several of Pliny's letters are
the honour of having killed Saturninus. Nearly addressed to him. (Ep. i. v. 9, vii. 7, 15,
forty years after these events, the tribune T. La- ix. 38. )
bienus, accused an aged senator Rabirius, of having SATURNI'NUS, SE'NTIUS. 1. C. SEN.
been the murderer of Saturninus. An account of tiUS (SATURNINUS), was propractor of Macedonia
this trial is given elsewhere. [Rabirius. ] (Ap- during the Social war, and probably for some time
pirin, B. C. i. 28-32 ; Plut. Mar. 28-30 ; Liv. afterwards. He defeated the Thracians, who had
Epit. 69; Oros. v. 17; Flor. iii. 16 ; Vell. Pat. ii. invaded his province with a large force, under their
12; Val. Max. ix. 7. $ 3; Cic. Brul. 62, pro Sest. king Sothinus (Orog. v. 18, Sull. 11 ; Cic. L'err.
47, pro C. Rabir, passim).
iii. 93, in Pison. 34). The exact time during
4. L. APPULEIUS SATURNINUS, was propraetor which he governed Macedonia is uncertain. If
of Macedonia in B. C. 58, when Cicero visited the the reading is correct in the Epitome of Livy
province after his banishment from Rome. Although (Epil. 70), he could not have been appointed later
a friend of Cicero, he did not venture to show him than B. C. 92, ns none of the events recorded in
any marks of attention for fear of displeasing the the seventieth book were later than that year.
ruling party at Rome. It was only his quaestor It is said in the Epitome that he fought unsuc-
Plancius who openly espoused the cnuse of the cessfully against the Thracians, but this is pro-
exile. This Saturninus was a native of Atina, bably an error. It is, at all events, clear from
and was the first native of that praefectura who Plutarch (l. c. ) that he was still governor of
had obtained a curule office. (Cic. pro Planc. 8, Macedonia in B. C. 88, when Sulla was in Greece.
11, 41. )
Modern writers give him the cognomon Saturni-
5. CN. APPULEIUS SATURNINUS, the son of nus, as it was borne by most of the other Sentii,
No. 4, was present at the trial of Cn. Plancius, in but it does not occur in any of the ancient writers,
B. C. 54. During Cicero's absence in Cilicia, B. C. as far as we are aware.
50, he was accused by Cn. Domitius, as Caelius 2. C. SENTIUS SATURNINUS, was one of the
writes to Cicero (Cic. pro Planc. 8, 12, ad Fam. persons of distinguished rank who deserted Sex.
viii. 14). He is also mentioned by Cicero in B. C. Pompeius in B. c. 35, and passed over to Octa-
43, as the heres of Q. Turius (ad Fam. xii. 26). vianº (Vell. Pat. ii. 77; Appian, B. C. v. 139,
This Saturninus is probably the same as the one of comp. v. 52). He is no doubt the same as the
whom Valerius Maximus tells a scandalous tale Sentius Saturninus Vetulio, who was proscribed
(ix. 1. § 8).
by the triumvirs in B. C. 43, and escaped to Pom-
SATURNI'NUS, CLAU'DIUS, a jurist from peius in Sicily (Val. Max. vii. 3. § 9). The cir-
whose Liber Singularis de Poenis Paganorum there cumstances, however, which Valerius Maximus
is a single excerpt in the Digest (50. tit. 19. s. 16). relates respecting his escape, are told by Appian
In the Florentine Index the work is attributed to (B. C. iv. 45), with reference to one Pomponius.
Venuleius Saturninus, an error which, as it has (POMPONIUS, No. 14. ] Saturninus was rewarded
been observed, has manifestly originated in the for his desertion of Pompeius by the consulship,
title to the fifteenth excerpt of lib. 50. tit. 19. which he held in B. C. 19, with Q. Lucretius
Two rescripts of Antoninus Pius are addressed to Vespillo. Velleius Paterculus celebrates his praises
Claudius Saturninus (Dig. 20. tit. 3. s. 1. $ 2, 50. for the manner in which he carried on the govern-
tit. 7. 8. 4). Saturninus was praetor under the ment during his consulship, and for his opposition
Divi Fratres (Dig. 17.
commission of any hostilities against the Arians by P. SATU'RIUS, is mentioned by Cicero in
the Macedonian troops which were following from terms of great respect as one of the judices in
COIN OF P. SATRIENUS.
## p. 723 (#739) ############################################
SATURNINUS.
723
SATURNINUS.
The gem
the case of Cluentius (pro Cluentio, 38, 65). / regard to whom history is altogether silent. The
lle pleaded for Chaerea against Cicero's client, piece in question exhibits on the obverse a rayed
Q. Roscius, the comic actor (pro Rosc. Com. 1, head with the words IMP. CAE. SATVRNINYS AV. ;
6, 8).
on the reverse a soldier stabbing an enemy who
SATU'RNIA, that is, a daughter of Saturnus, has fallen from his horse, with FEL. TEM. REPA-
and accordingly used as a surname of Juno and Ratio, a legend which appears for the first time
Vesta. (Virg. Aen. i. 23, xii. 156; Ov. Fast. i. on the coins of Constans and Constantius. (Eckhel,
265, vi. 383. )
(L. S. ) vol. viii. pp. 111-113. )
[W. R. ]
SATURNI'NUS, artists. 1. One of the great SATURNI'NUS, Á EʼLIUS, composed some
gem-engravers of the age of Augustus. There is poems disrespectful to the emperor Tiberius, and
a beautiful cameo by him, engraved with the was in consequence condemned by the senate,
portrait of the younger Antonin, the wife of and hurled down from the Capitol. (Dion Cass.
Drusus, and inscribed with the word CATOP. Ivii. 22. )
NEINOY, in very fine characters.
SATURNI'NUS, AEMI’LIUS, praefectus
formerly belonged to the Arcieri fiumily at Rome, practorio under Septimius Severns, was slain by
and afterwards to the late queen of Naples, Plautianus, the all-powerful favourite of the ein-
Caroline Murat. (R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, peror. (Dion Cass. lxxv. 14. ).
p. 153, 2d ed. ).
SATURNI'NUS, ANNIUS, mentioned in a
2. Among the artists of the age of the Anto letter of Cicero (ad Att. v. 1. & 2).
nincs, Müller mentions, on the authority of Ap- SATURNINUS, L. ANTONIUS, governor
pulerus (de Magia, p. 66, ed. Bipont. ), a skilful of Upper Germany in the reign of Domitian,
wood-carver, named Saturninus, of Dea, in Africa. raised a rebellion against that emperor from
(Müller, Archäol. d. Kunst, $ 204, n. 5. )
motives of personal hatred, A. D. II. A sudden
3. P. Lucretius, a silver-chaser, only known by inundation of the Rhine prevented Saturninus
a Roman_inscription. (Doni, Inscript. p. 319, from receiving the assistance of the barbarians
No. 12; R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, p. 401, which had been promised him, and he was in
2d ed. )
[P. S. )
consequence conquered without difficulty by L.
SATURNI'NUS I. , one of the thirty tyrants Appius Maximus, the general of Domitian.
enumerated by Trebellius Pollio (see AUREOLUS), Maximus burnt all the letters of Antonius, that
by whom we are told that he was the best of all others might not be implicated in the revolt ; but
the generals of his day, and much beloved by Domitian did not imitate the magnanimity of his
Valerian, that disgusted by the debauchery of general, for he seized the pretext to put various
Gallienus, he accepted from the soldiers the title persons to death along with Saturninus, and sent
of emperor, and that, after having displayed much their heads to be exposed on the Rostra at
energy during the period of his sway, he was put Rome. It is related that the victory over An-
to death by the troops, who could not endure the tonius was announced at Rome on the same day
sternness of his discipline. Not one word, how on which it was fought. As to the variations in
ever, is said of the country in which these the name of L. Appius Maximus in the different
events took place. (Trebell. Poll. Trig. Tyr. writers see MAXIMUS, p. 986, b. (Dion Cass.
22. )
(W. R. ) lxvii. 11; Suet. Dom. 6, 7; Aurel. Vict. Epit.
SATURNI'NUS II. , a native of Gaul, whose 11; Mart. iv. ll, ix. 85 ; Plut. Aemil. Paul.
biography has been written by Vopiscus, distin- 25. )
guished himself so highly by military achievements SATURNI'NUS, APO'NIUS, the governor
in his native country, in Spain and Africa, that of Moesia at the death of Nero, repulsed the
he was regarded as one of the most able officers Sarmatians, who had invaded the province, and
in the empire, and was appointed by Aurelian was in consequence rewarded by a triumphal
commander of the Eastern frontier, with express statue at the commencement of Otho's reign. In
orders that he should never visit Egypt, for it was the struggle between Vitellius and Vespasian for
feared that the presence of an active and ambitious the empire, he first espoused the cause of the
Gaul among a population notorious for turbulence former, but afterwards declared himself in fa-
and violence might lead to disorder or insurrection. vour of the latter, and crossed the Alps to join
The far-seeing sagacity of this injunction was fully Antonius Primus in northern Italy. But Primus,
proved, for when, at a later period, during the who was anxious to obtain the supreme command,
reign of Probus, Saturninus entered Alexandria, excited a mutiny of the soldiers against Saturninus,
the crowd at once saluted him as Augustus. Fly- and compelled him to fly from the camp. Tacitus
ing from such a dangerous compliment, he returned calls him a consular, which we might infer from his
to Syria; but concluding, upon reflection, that his being Legatus of Moesia, but his name does not
safety was already compromised, with great reluc- occur in the Fasti. (Tac. Hist. i. 79, ii. 85, 96,
tance he permitted himself to be invested with a iii. 5, 9, 11. )
purple robe stripped from a statue of Venus, and SATURNI'NUS, APPULEIUS. 1. C. AP-
in that attire, surrounded by his troops, received PULEIUS SATURNINUS, was one of the commis-
the adoration of the crowd. He was eventually sioners sent by the senate in B. c. 168 to inquire
slain by the soldiers of Probus, although the em- | into and settle the disputes between the Pisani
peror would willingly have spared his life. (Vo- and Lunenses. (Liv. xlv. 13. )
piscus, Saturn. )
[W. R. ] 2. Appuleius SATURNINUS, praetor B. c. 166,
SATURNI'NUS III. A medal in third brass is probably the same person as the L. Appuleius
has been described by Banduri, which, if genuine, who was appointed in B. c. 173 one of the com-
cannot, according to the most skilful numismato- missioners for dividing certain lands in Liguria and
logists, be ascribed to an epoch earlier than the age Gaul among the citizens and Latins. (Liv. xlv.
of the song of Constantine, and must therefore 44, comp. xlii. 4. )
commemorate the usurpation of some pretender with 3. L. ARPULEIUS SATURNINUS, the celebrated
3 A 2
## p. 724 (#740) ############################################
724
SATURNINUS.
SATURNINUS.
demagogue, was probably a grandson of the pre- hement attacks upon Glaucia and Saturninus, and
ceding. He possessed considerable powers of was chosen in his stcad. But Nonius paid dearly
oratory, but was of a loose and dissolute character; for his honour, for in the same evening he was
and he might probably have passed through life murdered by the emissaries of Glaucia and Satur-
much like most other Roman nobles, had he not ninus ; and early the following morning before the
received an insult from the senate at the com- forum was full, Saturninus was chosen to fill up
mencement of his public career, which rankled in the vacancy. As soon as he had entered upon his
his breast and made him a furious opponent of the tribunate (B. c. 100), he brought forward an agra-
aristocratical party. In his quaestorship, B. c. 104, rian law for dividing the lands in Gaul, which had
he was stationed at Ostia, and as Rome was buffer- been lately occupied by the Cimbri, and added to the
ing at that time from a scarcity of corn, and the law a clause, that, if it was enacted by the people,
sennte thought that Saturninus did not make the senate should swear obedience to it within five
Bufficient exertions to supply the city, they super- days, and that whoever refused to do so should be
seded him and entrusted the provisioning of the expelled from the senate, and pay a fine of twenty
capital to M. Scaurus (Diod. Exc. xxxvi. p. 608, talents. This clause was specially aimed at -Me-
ed. Wess. ; Cic. pro Sext. 17, de Harusp. Resp. tellus, who, it was well known, would refuse to
20). Saturninus forth with threw himself into obey the requisition. But in order to make sure
the foremost ranks of the democratical party, and of a refusal on the part of Metellus, Marius rose
entered into a close alliance with Marius and his in the senate and declared that he would never
friends. He soon acquired great popularity, and take the oath, and Metellus made the same decla-
was elected tribune of the plebs for the year B. C. ration ; but when the law had been passed, and
102. We have scarcely any accounts of his con- Saturninus summoned the senators to the rostra to
duct in his first tribunate ; but he did enough to comply with the demands of the law, Marius, to
earn the hatred of the aristocracy, and accordingly the astonishment of all, immediately took the oath,
Metellus Numidicus, who was at that time censor, and advised the senate to follow his example. Me
endeavoured to expel him from the senate on the tellus alone refused compliance; and on the fol-
ground of immorality, but was prevented from lowing day Saturninus sent his viator to drag the
carrying his purpose into execution by the oppo- ex-censor out of the senate-house. Not content
sition of his colleagne.
Saturninus vowed ven- with his victory, he brought forward a bill to
geance against Metellus, which he was soon able punish him with exile. The friends of Metellus
to gratify by the assistance of Marius, who was were ready to take up arms in his defence ; but
also a personal enemy of Metellus.
He resolved Metellus declined their assistance, and withdrew
to become a candidate for the tribunate for the privately from the city. Saturninus bronght forward
year B. c. 100. At the same time Glaucia, who other popular measures, of which our information
next to Saturninus was the greatest demagogue of is very scanty. He proposed a Lex Frumentaria,
the day, offered himself as a candidate for the by which the state was to sell corn to the people at
praetorship, and Marius for the consulship. If 5-6ths of an as for the modius (Auctor, ad Herenn.
they all three carried their elections, the power of | i. 12), and also a law for founding new colonies in
the state, they thought, would be in their hands ; Sicily, Achaia, and Macedonia (Aurel. Vict. de Vir.
they might easily ruin Metellus, and crush the nu. 73 ; comp. Cic. pro Balb. 21). In the comitia
aristocracy. But in the midst of these projects for the election of the magistrates for the following
Saturninus was nearly ruined by a skilful move- year, Saturninus obtained the tribunate for the third
ment of his enemies. In the course of B. c. 101, time, and along with him there was chosen a cer-
and before the comitia for the election of the ma- tain Equitius, a runaway slave, who pretended to
gistrates for the ensuing year were held, the am- be a son of Tib. Gracchus. Glaucia was at the
bassadors of Mithridates appeared at Rome, bring. same time a candidate for the consulship ; the two
ing with them large sums of money for the purpose other candidates were M. Antonius and C. Mem-
of bribing the leading senators. As soon as this mius. The election of Antonius was certain, and
became known to Saturninus, he not only attacked the struggle lay between Glaucia and Memmius.
the senators with the utmost vehemence, but As the latter seemed likely to carry his election,
heaped the greatest insults upon the ambassadors. Saturninus and Glaucia hired some ruffians who
Upon the latter complaining of this violation of murdered him openly in the comitia. All sensible
the law of nations, the senate eagerly availed people had previously become alarmed at the mad
themselves of the opportunity, and brought Satur-conduct of Saturninus and his associates ; and this
ninus to trial for the offence he had committed. | last act produced a complete reaction against him.
As the judices at that time consisted exclusively The senate felt themselves now sufficiently strong
of senators, his condemnation appeared certain. to declare them public enemies, and ordered the
Saturninus in the utmost alarm put on the dress of consuls to put them down by force. Marius was
a suppliant, and endeavoured by his appearance, as unwilling to act against his associates, but he had
well as by his words, to excite the commiseration no alternative, and his backwardness was com-
of the people. In this he completely succeeded ; pensated by the zeal of others. Driven out of the
the people regarded him as a martyr to their cause, forum, Saturninus, Glaucia, and the quaestor Sau-
and on the day of his trial assembled in such feius took refuge in the Capitol, but the partisans
crowds around the court, that the judices were of the senate cut off the pipes which supplied the
overa wed, and contrary to general expectation pro- Capitol with water, before Marius began to more
nounced a verdict of acquittal (Diod. Erc. 631, against them. Unable to hold out any longer,
ed. Wess). In the comitia which soon followed, they surrendered to Marius. The latter did all he
Marius was elected consul and Glaucia praetor,could to save their lives: as soon as they descended
but Saturninus was not equally successful. He from the Capitol, he placed them for security in the
lost his election chiefly through the exertions of | Curia Hostilia, but the mob pulled off the tiles of
A. Nonius, who distinguished himself by his ve ) the senate-house, and pelted them with the tiles
## p. 725 (#741) ############################################
SATURNINUS.
725
SATURNINUS.
till they died. The senate gave their sanction to porary of the younger Pliny, is pmised by the
these proceedings by rewarding with the citizen. latter as a distinguished orator, historian, and poet
ship a slave of the name of Scaeva, who claimed (I'lin. Ep. i. 8). Several of Pliny's letters are
the honour of having killed Saturninus. Nearly addressed to him. (Ep. i. v. 9, vii. 7, 15,
forty years after these events, the tribune T. La- ix. 38. )
bienus, accused an aged senator Rabirius, of having SATURNI'NUS, SE'NTIUS. 1. C. SEN.
been the murderer of Saturninus. An account of tiUS (SATURNINUS), was propractor of Macedonia
this trial is given elsewhere. [Rabirius. ] (Ap- during the Social war, and probably for some time
pirin, B. C. i. 28-32 ; Plut. Mar. 28-30 ; Liv. afterwards. He defeated the Thracians, who had
Epit. 69; Oros. v. 17; Flor. iii. 16 ; Vell. Pat. ii. invaded his province with a large force, under their
12; Val. Max. ix. 7. $ 3; Cic. Brul. 62, pro Sest. king Sothinus (Orog. v. 18, Sull. 11 ; Cic. L'err.
47, pro C. Rabir, passim).
iii. 93, in Pison. 34). The exact time during
4. L. APPULEIUS SATURNINUS, was propraetor which he governed Macedonia is uncertain. If
of Macedonia in B. C. 58, when Cicero visited the the reading is correct in the Epitome of Livy
province after his banishment from Rome. Although (Epil. 70), he could not have been appointed later
a friend of Cicero, he did not venture to show him than B. C. 92, ns none of the events recorded in
any marks of attention for fear of displeasing the the seventieth book were later than that year.
ruling party at Rome. It was only his quaestor It is said in the Epitome that he fought unsuc-
Plancius who openly espoused the cnuse of the cessfully against the Thracians, but this is pro-
exile. This Saturninus was a native of Atina, bably an error. It is, at all events, clear from
and was the first native of that praefectura who Plutarch (l. c. ) that he was still governor of
had obtained a curule office. (Cic. pro Planc. 8, Macedonia in B. C. 88, when Sulla was in Greece.
11, 41. )
Modern writers give him the cognomon Saturni-
5. CN. APPULEIUS SATURNINUS, the son of nus, as it was borne by most of the other Sentii,
No. 4, was present at the trial of Cn. Plancius, in but it does not occur in any of the ancient writers,
B. C. 54. During Cicero's absence in Cilicia, B. C. as far as we are aware.
50, he was accused by Cn. Domitius, as Caelius 2. C. SENTIUS SATURNINUS, was one of the
writes to Cicero (Cic. pro Planc. 8, 12, ad Fam. persons of distinguished rank who deserted Sex.
viii. 14). He is also mentioned by Cicero in B. C. Pompeius in B. c. 35, and passed over to Octa-
43, as the heres of Q. Turius (ad Fam. xii. 26). vianº (Vell. Pat. ii. 77; Appian, B. C. v. 139,
This Saturninus is probably the same as the one of comp. v. 52). He is no doubt the same as the
whom Valerius Maximus tells a scandalous tale Sentius Saturninus Vetulio, who was proscribed
(ix. 1. § 8).
by the triumvirs in B. C. 43, and escaped to Pom-
SATURNI'NUS, CLAU'DIUS, a jurist from peius in Sicily (Val. Max. vii. 3. § 9). The cir-
whose Liber Singularis de Poenis Paganorum there cumstances, however, which Valerius Maximus
is a single excerpt in the Digest (50. tit. 19. s. 16). relates respecting his escape, are told by Appian
In the Florentine Index the work is attributed to (B. C. iv. 45), with reference to one Pomponius.
Venuleius Saturninus, an error which, as it has (POMPONIUS, No. 14. ] Saturninus was rewarded
been observed, has manifestly originated in the for his desertion of Pompeius by the consulship,
title to the fifteenth excerpt of lib. 50. tit. 19. which he held in B. C. 19, with Q. Lucretius
Two rescripts of Antoninus Pius are addressed to Vespillo. Velleius Paterculus celebrates his praises
Claudius Saturninus (Dig. 20. tit. 3. s. 1. $ 2, 50. for the manner in which he carried on the govern-
tit. 7. 8. 4). Saturninus was praetor under the ment during his consulship, and for his opposition
Divi Fratres (Dig. 17.
