No More Learning

0. Müller denies it altogether, and regards
Cadmus and Harmonia quitted Thebes, and went Cadmus as a Pelasgian divinity. Cadmus was
to the Cencheliang This people was at war with worshipped in various parts of Greece, and at
the Illyrians, and had received an oracle which Sparta he had a heroum. (Paus. iii. 15. $ 6; comp.
promised them victory if they took Cadmus as Buttmann, Mytholog. ii. p. 171; Müller, Orchom.
their commander. The Cenchelians accordingly p. 113, &c. )
(L. S. ]
made Cadmus their king, and conquered the ene- CADMUS (Káduos), the son of Scythes, a man
my. After this, Cadmus had another son, whom renowned for his integrity, was sent by Gelon to
he called Illyrius. In the end, Cadmus and Har- Delphi, in B. C. 480, with great treasures, to await
monia were changed into dragons, and were re- the issue of the battle between the Greeks and
moved by Zeus to Elysium.
Persians, and with orders to give them to the Per-
This is the account given by Apollodorus (iii. 1. sians if the latter conquered, but to bring them
§ 1, &c. ), which, with the exception of some par- back to Sicily iſ the Greeks prevailed. After tho
ter.


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CADMUS.
525
CAECILIA
defeat of Xerxes, Cadmus returned to Sicily with m:18 of Miletus introduced into Greece the alpha-
the treasures, though he might easily have appro- bet which the Phoenicians had invented. (Comp.
priated them to his own use. (Herod. vii. 163, Clinton, Fast. Hell, ii. p. 454, 3rd edition. )
164. ) Herodotus calls Cadmus a Coan, and states 2. Of Miletus, the Younger, is mentioned only
further, tbat he received the tyranny of Cos from by Suidas, according to whom he was a son of Ar-
his father, but gave the state its liberty of his own chelaus, and a Greek historian, concerning whose
accord, merely from a sense of justice ; and that time nothing is said. Suidas ascribes to him two
after this he went over to Sicily and dwelt along works, one on the history of Attica, in sixteen
with the Samians at Zancle, afterwards called books, and the second on the deliverance from the
Messenc. Müller (Dor. i. 8. § 4, note q. ) thinks sufferings of love, in fourteen books. (L. S. )
that this Cadmus was the son of the Scythes, CAECILIA, CAIA, is said to have been the
tyrant of Zancle, who was driven out by the Sa- genuine Roman name for Tanaquil, the wife of
mians (B. C. 497), and who fled to the court of Tarquinius Priscus. (Plin. 1. N. viji. 74; Val. Max.
Persia, where he died. (Herod. vi. 23. ) In reply Epit. de Praen. in fin. ; Festus, s. v. Gaia; Plut.
to the objection, that Herodotus speaks of Cadmus Quaest. Rom. p. 271, e. ) Both her names, Caia and
having inherited the tyranny from his father, but of Caecilia, are of the same root as Caeculus, and the
Scythes having died in Persia, Müller remarks that Roman Caecilii are supposed to have derived their
the government of Cos was probably given to his origin from the Praenestine Caeculus, (Fest. s. v.
father by the Persians, but that he notwithstand- | Cueculus. ) The story of Caia Caecilia is related
ing continued to reside in Persia, as we know was under TANAQUIL; and it is sufficient to say here,
the case with Histiaeus. If this conjecture is that she appears in the early legends of Rome as a
correct, Cadmus probably resigned the tyranny of woman endowed with prophetic powers, and closely
Cos through desire of returning to his native town, connected with the worship of the god of the hearth.
Zancle. He was accompanied to Sicily by the That she was, at the same time, looked upon as a
poet Epicharmus. (Suidas, s. v. 'Enixapuos. ) model of domestic life, may be inferred from the
CADMUS (Káduos). 1. Of Miletus, a son of fact, that a newly married woman, before entering
Pandion, and in all probability the earliest Greek the house of her husband, on being asked what her
historian or logographer. He lived, according to name was, answered, “My name is Caia. ” (Val.
the vague statement of Josephus (c. Apion. i. 2; Max. l. c. ; Plut. Quaest
. Rom. p. 271, e. ) [L. S. ]
comp. Clem. Alex. Strom. vi. p. 267), very shortly CAECI'LIA, the daughter of T. Pomponius
before the Persian invasion of Greece; and Suidas Atticus, who is called Caecilia, because her father
makes the singular statement, that Cadmus was took the name of his uncle, Q. Caecilius, by whom
only a little younger than the mythical poet Or- he was adopted. She was married to M. Vipsanius
pheus, which arises from the thorough confusion of Agrippa. (ATTICUS, p. 415, a. )
the mythical Cadmus of Phoenicia and the historian CAECI'LIA or METELLA, 1. and 2. Daugh-
Cadmus. But there is every probability that Cad-ters of Q. Caecilius Jetellus Macedonicus, consul
mus lived about B. c. 540. Strabo (i. p. 18) places B. c. 143, one of whom married C. Servilius Vatia,
Cadmus first among the three authors whom he and was by him the mother of P. Servilius Vatia
calls the earliest prose writers among the Greeks: Isauricus, consul in 79, and the other P. Cornelius
viz. Cadmus, Pherecydes, and Hecataeus ; and Scipio Nasica, consul in 1ll, and was the grand-
from this circumstance we may infer, that Cadmus mother of Q. Metellus Pius Scipio, consul in 52.
was the most ancient of the three-an inference (Cic. pro Dom. 47, post Red. ad Quir. 3, Brut. 58. )
which is also confirmed by the statement of Pliny 3. The daughter of L. Caecilius Metellus Calvus,
(H. N. v. 31), who calls Cadmus the first that ever consul in B. c. 142, and the brother of Metellus Nu-
wrote (Greek) prose. When, therefore, in another midicus, consul in 109, was married to L. Licinius
passage (vii. 56) Pliny calls Pherecydes the most Lucullus, praetor in 103, and was by him the
ancient prose writer, and Cadmus of Miletus sim- mother of the celebrated Lucullus, the conqueror of
ply the earliest historian, we have probably to re- Mithridates. Her moral character was in bad re
gard this as one of those numerous inconsistencies pute. (Plut. Lucull. 1; Cic. in Ver. iv. 66; Aurel.
into which Pliny fell by following different autho Vict. de Vir. IU. 62. )
rities at different times, and forgetting what he 4. Daughter of Q. Caecilius Metellus Balearicus,
had said on former occasions. All, therefore, we consul in B. c. 123, was the wife of Ap. Claudius Pul-
can infer from his contradicting himself in this case cher, consul in 79, and the mother of Ap. Claudius
is, that there were some ancient authorities who Pulcher, consul in 54, and of P. Clodius Pulcher,
made Pherecydes the earliest Greek prose writer, tribune of the plebs in 58. (Cic. de Div. i. 2, 44,
and not Cadmus; but that the latter was the ear- pro Rosc. Am. 10, 50: in the former of the two
liest Greek historian, seems to be an undisputed latter passages she is erroneously called Nepotis
fact. Cadmus wrote a work on the foundation of filia instead of Nepotis soror. ) Her brother was
Miletus and the earliest history of Ionia generally, Q. Metellus Nepos, consul in 98, and we accord-
in four books (Kalous Minutou Kal This ans 'Iwvías). ingly find bis two sons, Metellus Celer and Metel-
This work appears to have been lost at a very lus Nepos, called the fratres (cousins) of her sons
early period, for Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Jud. Ap. Claudius and P. Clodius. (Cic. ad Att. iv. 3,
de Thucyd. 23) expressly mentions, that the work ad Fam. v. 3, pro Cael. 24. )
known in his time under the name of Cadmus was
Cicero relates (de Div. ll. cc. ), that in conse-
considered a forgery. When Suidas and others quence of a dream of Caecilia's in the Marsic war,
(Bekker's Anecd. p. 781), call Cadmus of Miletus the temple of Juno Sospita was restored.
the inventor the alphabet, this statement must 5. Daughter of L. Metellus Dalmaticus, consul in
be regarded as the result of a confusion between B. c. 119, and not of Q.
Metellus Pius, the pontifex
the mythical Cadmus, who emigrated from Phoe- maximus, consul in 80, as has been inferred from
nicia into Greece; and Suidas is, in fact, obviously Plutarch. (Sull
. 6. ) Her father's praenomen is
guilty of this confusion, since he says, that Cad- Lucius, and he is said to have rebuilt the temple of


## p. 526 (#546) ############################################

526
CAECILIANUS.
CAECILIUS.
the Dioscuri (Cic. pro Scuur. 2. SS 45, 46, wich and accordingly the rival prelates repaired to Rome,
the commentary of Asconius), which point to L: cach attended by ten leading ecclesiastics of his
Dalmaticus as her father. She was first married own faction. The cause was judged by a council
to M. Aemilius Scaurus, consul in 115, by whom composed of three Gallic and fifteen Italian bishops,
she had three children, the eldest of whom was who met on the 2nd of October, 313, and gave
the M. Scaurus defended by Cicero (Cic. l. c. pro their decree in favour of Caecilian and Felix. An
Sest. 47; Plut. Sull. 33, Pomp. 9; Plin. H. N. appeal was lodged with Constantine, who agreed
xxxvi. 15. s. 24. § 8), and afterwards to the dictator to summon a second and more numerous council,
Sulla, who always treated her with the greatest which was held at Arles on the 1st of August, 314,
respect. When she fied from Cinna and Cirbo in when the decision of the council of Rome was con-
Italy to her husband's camp before Athens, she firmed. The struggle was, however, obstinately
was insulted from the walls of the city by Aristion prolonged by fresh complaints on the part of the
and the Athenians, for which they paid dearly at Donatists, who, after having been defcated before
the capture of the city. She fell ill in 81, during various tribunals and commissions to which the
the celebration of Sulla's triumphal feast; and as determination of the dispute was delegated by the
her recovery was hopeless, Sulla for religious supreme government, at length openly refused to
reasons sent her a bill of divorce, and had her re- submit, or to acknowledge any authority whatever,
moved from his house, but honoured her memory if hostile to their claims. The formidable schism
by a splendid funeral. (Plut. Sull. 6, 13, 22, 35. ) which was the result of these proceedings is spoken
She purchased a great deal of the property confis- of more fully under DonaTUS. (Oplatus, i. 19,
cated in the proscriptions. (Plin. I. c. )
&c. )
(W. R. )
6. The wife of P. Lentulus Spinther the younger, CAECILIA'NUS, DOMITIUS, an intimate
whose father was consul in B. c. 57. She was a won friend of Thrasea, who informed him of his con-
man of loose character, and intrigued with Dolabella, demnation by the senate in A. D. 67. (Tac. Ann.
Cicero's son-in-law (Cic. ad Att, xi. 23), and also, xvi. 34. )
as it appears, with Aesopus, the son of the actor. CAECILIANUS, MAGIUS, praetor, falsely
(Hor. Serm. ii. 3. 239. ) She was divorced by her accused of treason in A. D. 21, was acquitted, and
husband in 45. (Cic. ad Alt. xii. 52, xiii. 7. ) Her his accusers punished. (Tac. Ann. iii. 37. )
father is not known.
CAECILIUS. 1. Q. CAECILIUS, tribune of
CAECI'LIA GENS, plebeian ; for the name of the plebs, B. C. 439. (Liv. iv. 16. )
T. Caecilius in Livy (iv. 7, comp. 6), the patrician 2. Q. CAECILIUS, a Roman knight, the husband
consular tribune in B. C. 444, is a false reading for of Catiline's sister, who had taken no part in public
T. Cloelius. A member of this gens is mentioned affairs, was killed by Catiline himself in the time
in history as early as the fifth century B. C. ; but of Sulla. (Q. Cic. de Petit. Cons. 2; Ascon. in Tog.
the first of the Caecilii who obtained the consulship Cand. p. 84, ed. Orelli. ) This is perhaps the same
was L. Caecilius Metellus Denter, in 284. The Q. Caecilius who is mentioned in connexion with
family of the Metelli became from this time one of the trial of P. Gabinius, who was praetor in 89.
the most distinguished in the state. Like other (Cic. Divinat. 20. ) Zumpt remarks, that he can
Roman families in the later times of the republic, hardly have belonged to the noble family of the
they traced their origin to a mythical personage, Metelli, as Cicero says that he was overborne by
and pretended that they were descended from Cae- the influence and rank of Piso.
culus, the founder of Praeneste (CAECULUS), or 3. Q. Caecilius, a Roman knight, a friend of L.
Caecas, the companion of Aeneas. (Festus, s. r. Lucullus, and the uncle of Atticus, acquired a large
Caeculus. ) The cognomens of this gens under the fortune by lending money on interest. The old
republic are Bassus, DENTER, METELLUS, Niger, usurer was of such a crabbed temper, that no one
Pinna, Rufus, of which the Metelli are the best could put up with him except his nephew Atticus,
known : for those whose cognomen is not men- who was in consequence adopted by him in his
tioned, see CAECILIUS.
will, and obtained from him a fortune of ten mil-
CAECILIANUS, a senator, punished in A. D. lions of sesterces. He died in B. c. 57. (Nepos,
32 for falsely accusing Cotta. (Tac. Ann. vi. 7. ) Att. 5; Cic. ad Att. i. 1, 12, ii. 19, 20, ii. 20. )
CAECILIANUS, a deacon of the church at 4. T. CAECILIUS, a centurion of the first rank
Carthage, was chosen bishop of the see in A. D. (primi pili) in the army of Afranius, was killed at
311, upon the death of the African primate, Men- the battle of Ilerda, B. C. 49. (Caes. B. C. i. i. 46. )
surius. The validity of this appointment was im- L. CAECI'LIUS. We generally find included
pugned by Donatus, stimulated, it is said, by the among the writings of Lactantius a book divided
malicious intrigues of a woman named Lucilla, up into fifty-two chapters, entitled De Mortibus Per-
on three grounds : 1. That the election had been secutorum, containing an outline of the career of
irregular. 2. That the ordination was null and those emperors who displayed active hostility towards
void, having been performed by Felix, bishop of the church, an account of the death of each, to-
Apthunga, a traditor, that is, one of those who, in gether with a sketch of the different persecutions
obedience to the edicts of Diocletian, had yielded from Nero to Diocletian. The object of the nar-
to the civil power, and delivered up the sacred ves- rative is to point out that the signal vengeance of
sels used in places of worship, and even the Holy God in every case overtook the enemies of the
Scriptures. 3. That Caecilian had displayed mark faith, and to deduce from this circumstance, from
ed hostility towards the victims of the late persecu- the preservatirn of the new religion amidst all the
tion. These charges were brought under the con- dangers by which it was surrounded, and all the
sideration of an assembly of seventy Numidian attacks by which it was assailed, and from its final
bishops, who declared the see vacant, and, proceed triumph over its foes, an irresistible argument in
ing to a new election, made choice of Majorinus. favour of its heavenly origin. The work appears
Both parties called upon the praefect Anulinus to from internal evidence to have been composed after
interfere, but were referred by him to the emperor, the victory of Constantine over Maxentius, and


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CAECILIUS.
527
CAECILIUS.
1
SECUTORUM.
before his quarrel with Licinius, that is to say, beclusive passage is the only connecting link between
tween A. D. 312 and 315. The text is corrupt and Africanus and Sex. Caecilius, for elsсwhere in the
mutilated, and the statements which it contains Digest the name Africanus always appears alone.
must be received with a certain degree of caution Africanuis was probably rather later (say they)
in consequence of the declamatory tone in which than Julianus, whom he occasionally cites (e. g.
they are delivered, and the high colouring and Dig. 12. tit. 6. s. 38; Dig. 19. tit. 1. s. 45, pr. ).
trimming employed throughout to suit the par- | On the other hand, Caecilius (they proceed) ap-
ticular design proposed. But notwithstanding pears to be anterior to Africanus, for he is cited
these drawbacks, the treatise is extremely valuable by Javolenus (Dig. 24. tit. 1. s.