It has been
corrected
by Thiersch in the
(C.
(C.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
In the congress of 371
chestratus, an Epizephyrian Locrian, who con- an altercation is recorded between him and Epami-
quered, when a boy, in boxing in the Olympic nondas ; and by his advice Thebes was perempto-
games. His victory is celebrated by Pindar in rily exeluded from the peace, and orders given for
the 10th and 11th Olympic odes. The scholiast the fatal campaign of Leuctra. In 370 we find
places his victory in the 74th Olympiad. He him engaged in an embassy to Mantinera, and
should not be confounded with Agesidamus, the reassuring the Spartans by an invasion of Arcadia;
father of Chromius, who is mentioned in the Ne and in 369 to his skill, courage, and presence of
mean odes. (i. 42, ix. 99. )
mind, is to be ascribed the maintenance of the un-
AGESILA'US. (AGESANDER. )
walled Sparta, amidst the attacks of four armies,
AGESILA'US I. ('Arnolaos), son of Doryssus, and revolts and conspiracies of Helots, Perioeci,
sixth king of the Agid line at Sparta, excluding and even Spartans. Finally, in 362, he led his
Aristodemus, according to Apollodorus, reigned countrymen into Arcadia ; by fortunate information
furty-four years, and died in 886 B. C. Pausanias was enabled to return in time to prevent the sur-
makes his reign a short one, but contemporary | prise of Sparta, and was, it seems, joint if not sule
with the legislation of Lycurgus. (Paus. iii. 2. & 3; commander at the battle of Mantineia. To the
Clinton, Fasti, i. p. 335. )
(A. H. C. ) ensuing winter must probably be referred his em
:
## p. 70 (#90) ##############################################
70
AGESILOCHUS.
AGESIPOLIS.
bassy to the coast of Asia and negotiations for ('Αγεσίλοχος, Αγησίλοχος, Ηγησίλοχος), was the
money with the revolted satraps, alluded to in an chief magistrate (Prylanis) of the Rbodians, on
obscure passage of Xenophon (Agesilaus, ii. 26, 27): the breaking out of the war between Rome and
and, in performance perhaps of some stipulation Perseus in B. c. 171, and recommended his coun-
then made, he crossed, in the spring of 361, with trymen to espouse the side of the Romans. He
a body of Lacedaenionian mercenaries into Egypt. was sent as ambassador to Rome in B. C. 169, and
Here, after displaying much of his ancient skill, he to the consul Aemilius Paullus in Macedonia, B. C
died, while preparing for his voyage home, in the 168. (Polyb. xxvii. 3, xxviii. 2, 14, xxix. 4. )
winter of 361-60, after a life of above eighty years AGESI MBROTUS, commander of the Kho
and a reign of thirty-eight. His body was em- dian fleet in the war between the Romans and
balmed in wax, and splendidly buried at Sparta. Philip, king of Macedonia, a. C. 200—197. (Liv.
Referring to our sketch of Spartan history, we xxxi, 46, xxxii. 16, 32. )
find Agesilaus shining most in its first and last AGESI'POLIS I. ('Ayolmois), king of Sparta,
period, as commencing and surrendering a glorious the twenty-first of the Agids beginning with Eu-
career in Asia, and as, in extreme age, maintaining rysthenes, succeeded his father Pausanias, while
his prostrate country. From Coroneia to Leuctra yet a minor, in B. C. 394, and reigned fourteen
we see him partly unemployed, at times yielding years. He was placed under the guardianship of
to weak motives, at times joining in wanton acts Aristodemus, his nearest of kin. He came to
of public injustice. No one of Sparta's great de- the crown just about the time that the confe
feats, but some of her bad policy belongs to him. deracy (partly brought about by the intrigues
In what others do, we miss him; in what he does of the Persian satrap Tithraustes), which was
we miss the greatness and consistency belonging to formed by Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos,
unity of purpose and sole command. No doubt he against Sparta, rendered it necessary to recall his
was hampered at home ; perhaps, too, from a man colleague, Agesilaus 11. , from Asia ; and the first
withdrawn, when now near fifty, from his chosen military operation of his reign was the expedition
career, great action in a new one of any kind could to Corinth, wbere the forces of the confederates
not be looked for. Plutarch gives among numerous were then assembled. The Spartan army was led
apophthegmata his letter to the ephors on his recall : by Aristodemus, and gained a signal victory over
“We have reduced most of Asia, driven back the the allies. (Xen. Holl. iv. 2. & 9. ) In the year
barbarians, made arms abundant in lonia. But B. C. 390 Agesipolis, who had now reached his
since you bid me, according to the decree, come majority, was entrusted with the command of an
home, I shall follow my letter, may perhaps be even army for the invasion of Argolis. Having pro-
before it. For my command is not mine, but my cured the sanction of the Olympic and Delphic
country's and her allies'. And a commander then gods for disregarding any attempt which the Argives
commands truly according to right when he sees might make to stop his march, on the pretext of a
his own commander in the laws and ephors, or religious truce, he carried his ravages still farther
others holding office in the state. " Also, an ex- than Agesilaus had done in B. C. 393; but as he
clamation on hearing of the battle of Corinth : suffered the aspect of the victims to deter him from
“Alas for Greece! she has killed enough of her occupying a permanent post, the expedition yielded
Bons to have conquered all the barbarians. ” Of no fruit but the plunder. (Xen. Hell. iv. 7. 8 2-0;
his courage, temperance, and hardiness, many in- Paus. iii. 5. & 8. ) In B. C. 385 the Spartans, seiz-
stances are given : to these he added, even in ex. ing upon some frivolous pretexts, seni an expedi-
cess, the less Spartan qualities of kindliness and tion against Mantineia, in which Agesipolis under-
tenderness as a father and a friend. Thus we took the command, after it had been declined by
have the story of his riding across a stick with his Agesilaus. In this expedition the Spartans were
children; and to gratify his son's affection for Cleo assisted by Thebes, and in a battle with the Man-
nymus, son of the culprit, he saved Sphodrias froin lineans, Epaminondas and Pelopidas, who were
the punishment due, in right and policy, for his fighting side by side, narrowly escaped death. He
incursion into Attica in 378. So too the appoint- took the town by diverting the river Ophis, so as to
ment of Peisander. [PEISANDER. ] A letter of his lay the low grounds at the foot of the walls under
runs, “ If Nicias is innocent, acquit him for that; water
. The basements, being made of unbaked
if guilty, for my sake; any how acquit him. " bricks, were unable to resist the action of the water.
From Spartan cupidity and dishonesty, and mostly, The walls soon began to lotter, and the Mantineans
even in public life, from ill faith, his character is were forced to surrender. They were admitted to
clear. In person he was small, mean-looking, and terms on condition that the population should be
lame, on which last ground objection had been dispersed among the four hamlets, out of which it
made to his accession, an oracle, curiously fulfilled, had been collected to form the capital. The demo-
haring warned Sparta of evils a waiting ber under cratical leaders were permitted to go into exile.
a “lame sovereignity. " In his reign, indeed, her (Xen. Hell. v. 2. & 1-7; Paus. viii. 7. & 5; Diod.
fall took place, but not through him. Agesilaus xv. 5, &c. ; Plut. Pelop. 4 ; Isocr. Paney. p. 67,
himself was Sparta's most perfect citizen and most De l'ave, p. 179, c. )
consummate general ; in many ways perhaps her Early in B. C. 382, an embassy came to Sparta
greatest man. (Xen. Hell. iii. 3, to the end, Aye- from the cities of Acanthus and Apollonia, request-
silaus; Diod. xiv. xv; Paus. iii. 9, 10; Plut. and C. ing assistance against the Olynthians, who were
Nepos, in rita; Plut. Apophthegm. ) (A. H. C. ] endeavouring to compel then to join their confede-
AGESILA'US ('Aynoinaos), a Greek historian, racy. The Spartans granted it, but were not at
who wrote a work on the early history of Italy first very successful. After the defeat and death
('Italırd), fragments of which are preserved in of Teleutias in the second campaigo (B. C. 381)
Plutarch (Purullelu, p. 312), and Stobaeus. (Flo- Agesipolis took the command. He set out in 381,
rileg. ix. 27, liv. 49, Ixv. 10, ed. Gaisf. ) (C. P. M. ) but did not begin operations till the spring of 380.
AGESI'LOCHUS HEGESI'LOCHUS He then acted with great vigour, and took Torone
or
## p. 71 (#91) ##############################################
AGGRAMMES.
71
AGIS.
20. )
by storm ; but in the midst of his successes he was the war, to give up further conquests in India.
seized with a fever, which carried him off in seven (Curt. v. 2; Diod. xvii. 93, 94 ; Arrian, Anal.
days. He died at Aphytis, in the peninsula of v. 25, &c. ; Plut. Alex. 60. )
Pallene. His body was immersed in honey and A'GIAS ('Aglas), son of Agelochus and grand-
conveyed home to Sparta for burial. Though son of Tisamenus, a Spartan seer who predicted
Agesipolis did not share the ambitious views of the victory of Lysander at Aegos-potami. (Paus.
foreign conquest cherished by Agesilaus, his loss iii. 11. § 5. ) [TISAMENUS. )
was deeply regretted by that prince, who seems to A'GIAS ('Aglas). ! . A Greek poet, whose
have had a sincere regard for him. (Xen. Hell. name was formerly written A orough a
v. 3. § 8-9, 18-19; Diod. xv. 22; Thirlwall, Hist. mistake of the first editor of the Excerpta of
of Greece, vol. iv. pp. 405, 420, &c. , v. pp. 5, &c. Proclus.
It has been corrected by Thiersch in the
(C. P. M. ) Acta Philol. Monac. ii. p. 584, from the Codex
ÁGESI'POLIS II. , son of Cleombrotus, was Monacensis, which in one passage has Agias,
the 23rd king of the Agid line. He ascended the and in another Hagias. The name itself does not
throne B. C. 371, and reigned one year. (Paus. occur in early Greek writers, unless it be supposed
üi. 6. & 1; Diod. xv. 60. )
(C. P. M. ) that Egias or Hegias ('Hylas) in Clemens Alexan-
AGESI'POLIS III. , the 31st of the Agid line, drinus (Strom. vi. p. 622), and Pausanius ( i. 2.
was the son of Agesipolis, and grandson of Cleom- $ 1), are only different forms of the same name.
brotus II. After the death of Cleomenes he was He was a native of Troezen, and the time at which
elected king while still a minor, and placed under he wrote appears to have been about the year
the guardianship of his uncle Cleomenes. (Polyb. B. c. 740. His poem was celebrated in antiquity,
iv. 35. ) He was however soon deposed by his col- under the name of Nbotol, i. e. the history of the
league Lycurgus, after the death of Cleomenes. return of the Achaean heroes from Troy, and con-
We hear of him next in B. C. 195, when he was at sisted of five books. The poem began with the
the head of the Lacedaemonian exiles, who joined cause of the misfortunes which befel the Achaeans
Flamininus in his attack upon Nabis, the tyrant on their way home and after their arrival, that is,
of Lacedaemon. (Liv. xxxiv. 26. ) He formed with the outrage committed upon Cassandra and
one of an embassy sent about B. C. 183 to Rome the Palladium ; and the whole poem filled up the
by the Lacedaemonian exiles, and, with his com- space which was left between the work of the
panions, was intercepted by pirates and killed. poet Arctinus and the Odyssey. The ancients
(Polyb. xxiv. 11. )
[C. P. M. ] themselves appear to have been uncertain about the
AGESI'STRATE. (AGIS IV. ]
author of this poem, for they refer to it simply by
AGEʻTAS ('Aghras), commander-in-chief of the the name of Nootoi, and when they mention the
Aetolians in & c. 217, made an incursion into author, they only call him Ó TOùs Nootous ypávas.
Acarnania and Epin and ravaged both coun- (Athen. vii. p. 281; Paus. x. 28. § 4, 29. $ 2, 30.
tries. (Polyb. v. 91. 96. )
$ 2; Apollod. ii. 1. & 5; Schol. ad Odyss. iv. 12;
AGETOR ('Agrwp), a surname given to seve Schol. ad Aristoph. Equit. 1332; Lucian, De
ral gods, for instance, to Zeus at Lacedaemon Saltat. 46. ) Hence some writers attributed the
(Stob. Serm. 42): the name seems to describe Nuotol to Homer ( Suid. s. v. vbotoi ; Anthol
.
Zeus as the leader and ruler of men ; but others Planud. iv. 30), while others call its author a Co
think, that it is synonymous with Agamemnon lophonian. (Eustath. ad Odyss. xvi. 118. ) Simi-
[AGAMEMNON, 2)—to Apollo (Eurip. Med. 426) lar poems, and with the same title, were written
where however Elmsley and others prefer dyttep: by other poets also, such as Eumelus of Corinth
- Hermes, who conducts the souls of men to (Schol ad Pind. Ol. xiii. 31), Anticleides of
the lower world. Under this name Hermes had a Athens (Athen. iv. p. 157, ix. p. 466), Cleidemus
statue at Megalopolis. (Paus. vii. 31. $ 4. ) [L. S. ) (Athen. xiii. p. 609), and Lysimachus. (Athen.
AGGE'NUSU'RBICUS, a writer on the iv. p. 158; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. i. 558. )
science of the Agrimensores. (Dict. of Ant. p. 30. ) Where the Nóotol is mentioned without a name,
It is uncertain when he lived; but he appears to we have generally to understand the work of
have been a Christian, and it is not improbable Agias.
from some expressions which he uses, that he lived 2. A comic writer. (Pollux, iii. 36 ; Meineke,
at the latter part of the fourth century of our era. Hist. Comic. Graec. pp. 404, 416. ) (L. S. ]
The extant works ascribed to him are :-“ Aggeni A'GIAS ("Aylas), the author of a work on
Urbici in Julium Frontinum Commentarius," a com- Argolis. ('Aprohird, Athen. ii. p. 86, f. ). He is
mentary upon the work “De Agrorum Qualitate," called ó uovo inos in another passage of Athenaeus
which is ascribed to Frontinus ; " In Julium Fron (xiv. p. 626, f. ), but the musician may be another
tinum Commentariorum Liber secundus qui Diazo person.
graphus dicitur ;” and “ Commentariorum de Con- AGIATIS. (Aris IV. ]
troversiis Agrorum Pars prior et altera. " The AGIS I. ("Agus), king of Sparta, son of Eu-
last-named work Niebuhr supposes to have been rysthenes, began to reign, it is said, about B. C.
written by Frontinus, and in the time of Domitian, | 1032. (Müller, Dor. vol. ii. p. 511, transl. ). Ac-
since the author speaks of “ praestantissimus cording to Eusebius (Chron. i. p. 166) he reigned
Domitianus," an expression, which would never only one year; according to Apollodorus, as it
bave been applied to this tyrant after his death. appears, about 31 years. During the reign of
(Hist. of Rome, vol. ii. p. 621. )
Eurysthenes, the conquered people were admitted
AGGRAMMES, called XANDRAMES (Ear- to an equality of political rights with the Dorians.
Spáuns) by Diodorus, the ruler of the Gangaridae Agis deprived them of these, and reduced them to
and Prasii in India, was said to be the son of a the condition of subjects to the Spartans. The
barber, whom the queen had married. Alexander inhabitants of the town of Helos attempted to
was preparing to march against him, when he was shake off the yoke, but they were subdned, and
compelled by his soldiers, who had become tired of gave rise and name to the class called Helots.
## p. 72 (#92) ##############################################
72
AGIS.
AGIS.
1
1
1
a
1
!
(Iphor. ap. Strab. viii. p. 364. ) To his reign | an army was sent there under Agis. He was un-
wils referred the colony which went to Crete, able to restore the defeated party, but he destroyed
under Pollis and Delphus. (Conon. Nurr. 36. ) the long walls which the Argives had begun to
From him the kings of that line were called carry down to the sea, and took Hysiae. (Thuc.
Ayidan. His colleague was Sous.
chestratus, an Epizephyrian Locrian, who con- an altercation is recorded between him and Epami-
quered, when a boy, in boxing in the Olympic nondas ; and by his advice Thebes was perempto-
games. His victory is celebrated by Pindar in rily exeluded from the peace, and orders given for
the 10th and 11th Olympic odes. The scholiast the fatal campaign of Leuctra. In 370 we find
places his victory in the 74th Olympiad. He him engaged in an embassy to Mantinera, and
should not be confounded with Agesidamus, the reassuring the Spartans by an invasion of Arcadia;
father of Chromius, who is mentioned in the Ne and in 369 to his skill, courage, and presence of
mean odes. (i. 42, ix. 99. )
mind, is to be ascribed the maintenance of the un-
AGESILA'US. (AGESANDER. )
walled Sparta, amidst the attacks of four armies,
AGESILA'US I. ('Arnolaos), son of Doryssus, and revolts and conspiracies of Helots, Perioeci,
sixth king of the Agid line at Sparta, excluding and even Spartans. Finally, in 362, he led his
Aristodemus, according to Apollodorus, reigned countrymen into Arcadia ; by fortunate information
furty-four years, and died in 886 B. C. Pausanias was enabled to return in time to prevent the sur-
makes his reign a short one, but contemporary | prise of Sparta, and was, it seems, joint if not sule
with the legislation of Lycurgus. (Paus. iii. 2. & 3; commander at the battle of Mantineia. To the
Clinton, Fasti, i. p. 335. )
(A. H. C. ) ensuing winter must probably be referred his em
:
## p. 70 (#90) ##############################################
70
AGESILOCHUS.
AGESIPOLIS.
bassy to the coast of Asia and negotiations for ('Αγεσίλοχος, Αγησίλοχος, Ηγησίλοχος), was the
money with the revolted satraps, alluded to in an chief magistrate (Prylanis) of the Rbodians, on
obscure passage of Xenophon (Agesilaus, ii. 26, 27): the breaking out of the war between Rome and
and, in performance perhaps of some stipulation Perseus in B. c. 171, and recommended his coun-
then made, he crossed, in the spring of 361, with trymen to espouse the side of the Romans. He
a body of Lacedaenionian mercenaries into Egypt. was sent as ambassador to Rome in B. C. 169, and
Here, after displaying much of his ancient skill, he to the consul Aemilius Paullus in Macedonia, B. C
died, while preparing for his voyage home, in the 168. (Polyb. xxvii. 3, xxviii. 2, 14, xxix. 4. )
winter of 361-60, after a life of above eighty years AGESI MBROTUS, commander of the Kho
and a reign of thirty-eight. His body was em- dian fleet in the war between the Romans and
balmed in wax, and splendidly buried at Sparta. Philip, king of Macedonia, a. C. 200—197. (Liv.
Referring to our sketch of Spartan history, we xxxi, 46, xxxii. 16, 32. )
find Agesilaus shining most in its first and last AGESI'POLIS I. ('Ayolmois), king of Sparta,
period, as commencing and surrendering a glorious the twenty-first of the Agids beginning with Eu-
career in Asia, and as, in extreme age, maintaining rysthenes, succeeded his father Pausanias, while
his prostrate country. From Coroneia to Leuctra yet a minor, in B. C. 394, and reigned fourteen
we see him partly unemployed, at times yielding years. He was placed under the guardianship of
to weak motives, at times joining in wanton acts Aristodemus, his nearest of kin. He came to
of public injustice. No one of Sparta's great de- the crown just about the time that the confe
feats, but some of her bad policy belongs to him. deracy (partly brought about by the intrigues
In what others do, we miss him; in what he does of the Persian satrap Tithraustes), which was
we miss the greatness and consistency belonging to formed by Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos,
unity of purpose and sole command. No doubt he against Sparta, rendered it necessary to recall his
was hampered at home ; perhaps, too, from a man colleague, Agesilaus 11. , from Asia ; and the first
withdrawn, when now near fifty, from his chosen military operation of his reign was the expedition
career, great action in a new one of any kind could to Corinth, wbere the forces of the confederates
not be looked for. Plutarch gives among numerous were then assembled. The Spartan army was led
apophthegmata his letter to the ephors on his recall : by Aristodemus, and gained a signal victory over
“We have reduced most of Asia, driven back the the allies. (Xen. Holl. iv. 2. & 9. ) In the year
barbarians, made arms abundant in lonia. But B. C. 390 Agesipolis, who had now reached his
since you bid me, according to the decree, come majority, was entrusted with the command of an
home, I shall follow my letter, may perhaps be even army for the invasion of Argolis. Having pro-
before it. For my command is not mine, but my cured the sanction of the Olympic and Delphic
country's and her allies'. And a commander then gods for disregarding any attempt which the Argives
commands truly according to right when he sees might make to stop his march, on the pretext of a
his own commander in the laws and ephors, or religious truce, he carried his ravages still farther
others holding office in the state. " Also, an ex- than Agesilaus had done in B. C. 393; but as he
clamation on hearing of the battle of Corinth : suffered the aspect of the victims to deter him from
“Alas for Greece! she has killed enough of her occupying a permanent post, the expedition yielded
Bons to have conquered all the barbarians. ” Of no fruit but the plunder. (Xen. Hell. iv. 7. 8 2-0;
his courage, temperance, and hardiness, many in- Paus. iii. 5. & 8. ) In B. C. 385 the Spartans, seiz-
stances are given : to these he added, even in ex. ing upon some frivolous pretexts, seni an expedi-
cess, the less Spartan qualities of kindliness and tion against Mantineia, in which Agesipolis under-
tenderness as a father and a friend. Thus we took the command, after it had been declined by
have the story of his riding across a stick with his Agesilaus. In this expedition the Spartans were
children; and to gratify his son's affection for Cleo assisted by Thebes, and in a battle with the Man-
nymus, son of the culprit, he saved Sphodrias froin lineans, Epaminondas and Pelopidas, who were
the punishment due, in right and policy, for his fighting side by side, narrowly escaped death. He
incursion into Attica in 378. So too the appoint- took the town by diverting the river Ophis, so as to
ment of Peisander. [PEISANDER. ] A letter of his lay the low grounds at the foot of the walls under
runs, “ If Nicias is innocent, acquit him for that; water
. The basements, being made of unbaked
if guilty, for my sake; any how acquit him. " bricks, were unable to resist the action of the water.
From Spartan cupidity and dishonesty, and mostly, The walls soon began to lotter, and the Mantineans
even in public life, from ill faith, his character is were forced to surrender. They were admitted to
clear. In person he was small, mean-looking, and terms on condition that the population should be
lame, on which last ground objection had been dispersed among the four hamlets, out of which it
made to his accession, an oracle, curiously fulfilled, had been collected to form the capital. The demo-
haring warned Sparta of evils a waiting ber under cratical leaders were permitted to go into exile.
a “lame sovereignity. " In his reign, indeed, her (Xen. Hell. v. 2. & 1-7; Paus. viii. 7. & 5; Diod.
fall took place, but not through him. Agesilaus xv. 5, &c. ; Plut. Pelop. 4 ; Isocr. Paney. p. 67,
himself was Sparta's most perfect citizen and most De l'ave, p. 179, c. )
consummate general ; in many ways perhaps her Early in B. C. 382, an embassy came to Sparta
greatest man. (Xen. Hell. iii. 3, to the end, Aye- from the cities of Acanthus and Apollonia, request-
silaus; Diod. xiv. xv; Paus. iii. 9, 10; Plut. and C. ing assistance against the Olynthians, who were
Nepos, in rita; Plut. Apophthegm. ) (A. H. C. ] endeavouring to compel then to join their confede-
AGESILA'US ('Aynoinaos), a Greek historian, racy. The Spartans granted it, but were not at
who wrote a work on the early history of Italy first very successful. After the defeat and death
('Italırd), fragments of which are preserved in of Teleutias in the second campaigo (B. C. 381)
Plutarch (Purullelu, p. 312), and Stobaeus. (Flo- Agesipolis took the command. He set out in 381,
rileg. ix. 27, liv. 49, Ixv. 10, ed. Gaisf. ) (C. P. M. ) but did not begin operations till the spring of 380.
AGESI'LOCHUS HEGESI'LOCHUS He then acted with great vigour, and took Torone
or
## p. 71 (#91) ##############################################
AGGRAMMES.
71
AGIS.
20. )
by storm ; but in the midst of his successes he was the war, to give up further conquests in India.
seized with a fever, which carried him off in seven (Curt. v. 2; Diod. xvii. 93, 94 ; Arrian, Anal.
days. He died at Aphytis, in the peninsula of v. 25, &c. ; Plut. Alex. 60. )
Pallene. His body was immersed in honey and A'GIAS ('Aglas), son of Agelochus and grand-
conveyed home to Sparta for burial. Though son of Tisamenus, a Spartan seer who predicted
Agesipolis did not share the ambitious views of the victory of Lysander at Aegos-potami. (Paus.
foreign conquest cherished by Agesilaus, his loss iii. 11. § 5. ) [TISAMENUS. )
was deeply regretted by that prince, who seems to A'GIAS ('Aglas). ! . A Greek poet, whose
have had a sincere regard for him. (Xen. Hell. name was formerly written A orough a
v. 3. § 8-9, 18-19; Diod. xv. 22; Thirlwall, Hist. mistake of the first editor of the Excerpta of
of Greece, vol. iv. pp. 405, 420, &c. , v. pp. 5, &c. Proclus.
It has been corrected by Thiersch in the
(C. P. M. ) Acta Philol. Monac. ii. p. 584, from the Codex
ÁGESI'POLIS II. , son of Cleombrotus, was Monacensis, which in one passage has Agias,
the 23rd king of the Agid line. He ascended the and in another Hagias. The name itself does not
throne B. C. 371, and reigned one year. (Paus. occur in early Greek writers, unless it be supposed
üi. 6. & 1; Diod. xv. 60. )
(C. P. M. ) that Egias or Hegias ('Hylas) in Clemens Alexan-
AGESI'POLIS III. , the 31st of the Agid line, drinus (Strom. vi. p. 622), and Pausanius ( i. 2.
was the son of Agesipolis, and grandson of Cleom- $ 1), are only different forms of the same name.
brotus II. After the death of Cleomenes he was He was a native of Troezen, and the time at which
elected king while still a minor, and placed under he wrote appears to have been about the year
the guardianship of his uncle Cleomenes. (Polyb. B. c. 740. His poem was celebrated in antiquity,
iv. 35. ) He was however soon deposed by his col- under the name of Nbotol, i. e. the history of the
league Lycurgus, after the death of Cleomenes. return of the Achaean heroes from Troy, and con-
We hear of him next in B. C. 195, when he was at sisted of five books. The poem began with the
the head of the Lacedaemonian exiles, who joined cause of the misfortunes which befel the Achaeans
Flamininus in his attack upon Nabis, the tyrant on their way home and after their arrival, that is,
of Lacedaemon. (Liv. xxxiv. 26. ) He formed with the outrage committed upon Cassandra and
one of an embassy sent about B. C. 183 to Rome the Palladium ; and the whole poem filled up the
by the Lacedaemonian exiles, and, with his com- space which was left between the work of the
panions, was intercepted by pirates and killed. poet Arctinus and the Odyssey. The ancients
(Polyb. xxiv. 11. )
[C. P. M. ] themselves appear to have been uncertain about the
AGESI'STRATE. (AGIS IV. ]
author of this poem, for they refer to it simply by
AGEʻTAS ('Aghras), commander-in-chief of the the name of Nootoi, and when they mention the
Aetolians in & c. 217, made an incursion into author, they only call him Ó TOùs Nootous ypávas.
Acarnania and Epin and ravaged both coun- (Athen. vii. p. 281; Paus. x. 28. § 4, 29. $ 2, 30.
tries. (Polyb. v. 91. 96. )
$ 2; Apollod. ii. 1. & 5; Schol. ad Odyss. iv. 12;
AGETOR ('Agrwp), a surname given to seve Schol. ad Aristoph. Equit. 1332; Lucian, De
ral gods, for instance, to Zeus at Lacedaemon Saltat. 46. ) Hence some writers attributed the
(Stob. Serm. 42): the name seems to describe Nuotol to Homer ( Suid. s. v. vbotoi ; Anthol
.
Zeus as the leader and ruler of men ; but others Planud. iv. 30), while others call its author a Co
think, that it is synonymous with Agamemnon lophonian. (Eustath. ad Odyss. xvi. 118. ) Simi-
[AGAMEMNON, 2)—to Apollo (Eurip. Med. 426) lar poems, and with the same title, were written
where however Elmsley and others prefer dyttep: by other poets also, such as Eumelus of Corinth
- Hermes, who conducts the souls of men to (Schol ad Pind. Ol. xiii. 31), Anticleides of
the lower world. Under this name Hermes had a Athens (Athen. iv. p. 157, ix. p. 466), Cleidemus
statue at Megalopolis. (Paus. vii. 31. $ 4. ) [L. S. ) (Athen. xiii. p. 609), and Lysimachus. (Athen.
AGGE'NUSU'RBICUS, a writer on the iv. p. 158; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. i. 558. )
science of the Agrimensores. (Dict. of Ant. p. 30. ) Where the Nóotol is mentioned without a name,
It is uncertain when he lived; but he appears to we have generally to understand the work of
have been a Christian, and it is not improbable Agias.
from some expressions which he uses, that he lived 2. A comic writer. (Pollux, iii. 36 ; Meineke,
at the latter part of the fourth century of our era. Hist. Comic. Graec. pp. 404, 416. ) (L. S. ]
The extant works ascribed to him are :-“ Aggeni A'GIAS ("Aylas), the author of a work on
Urbici in Julium Frontinum Commentarius," a com- Argolis. ('Aprohird, Athen. ii. p. 86, f. ). He is
mentary upon the work “De Agrorum Qualitate," called ó uovo inos in another passage of Athenaeus
which is ascribed to Frontinus ; " In Julium Fron (xiv. p. 626, f. ), but the musician may be another
tinum Commentariorum Liber secundus qui Diazo person.
graphus dicitur ;” and “ Commentariorum de Con- AGIATIS. (Aris IV. ]
troversiis Agrorum Pars prior et altera. " The AGIS I. ("Agus), king of Sparta, son of Eu-
last-named work Niebuhr supposes to have been rysthenes, began to reign, it is said, about B. C.
written by Frontinus, and in the time of Domitian, | 1032. (Müller, Dor. vol. ii. p. 511, transl. ). Ac-
since the author speaks of “ praestantissimus cording to Eusebius (Chron. i. p. 166) he reigned
Domitianus," an expression, which would never only one year; according to Apollodorus, as it
bave been applied to this tyrant after his death. appears, about 31 years. During the reign of
(Hist. of Rome, vol. ii. p. 621. )
Eurysthenes, the conquered people were admitted
AGGRAMMES, called XANDRAMES (Ear- to an equality of political rights with the Dorians.
Spáuns) by Diodorus, the ruler of the Gangaridae Agis deprived them of these, and reduced them to
and Prasii in India, was said to be the son of a the condition of subjects to the Spartans. The
barber, whom the queen had married. Alexander inhabitants of the town of Helos attempted to
was preparing to march against him, when he was shake off the yoke, but they were subdned, and
compelled by his soldiers, who had become tired of gave rise and name to the class called Helots.
## p. 72 (#92) ##############################################
72
AGIS.
AGIS.
1
1
1
a
1
!
(Iphor. ap. Strab. viii. p. 364. ) To his reign | an army was sent there under Agis. He was un-
wils referred the colony which went to Crete, able to restore the defeated party, but he destroyed
under Pollis and Delphus. (Conon. Nurr. 36. ) the long walls which the Argives had begun to
From him the kings of that line were called carry down to the sea, and took Hysiae. (Thuc.
Ayidan. His colleague was Sous.
