In the
Franciscan
copy, at the same day, and after the entry of ten foreign saints, we find TnocliAemoc beich 1Tloi]\.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v3
597.
However, a different con- elusion might be drawn from this passage, which seems very considerably changed in wording, at least, as found in Professor O'Looney's English translation from the
Irish Life.
=
In the Latin Acts, the words are, "can- ta nobis frater interim missam," &c.
"Acta Sanctorum Martii Hibemise,"
^ His feast on the 12th of occurs,
August.
* In the Latin
Coche. "
Acts, he is called "filius
March, and on the 13th of September. At the
where
has been
March 13. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 355
which took place, between a chief,'° called ^ngus, of the Nan-Desies terri- tory," and another''^ of the same race, who is called Feidelem/3 or Foelan,^* son to Eochaidh,'5 or Eatach. ^^ However, they agreed to make peace, in
the presence of Mochoemoc ; yet, this was treacherously broken, by ^ngus, who killed his rival, Feidelim. This wicked proceeding greatly irritated our saint, who set out to bring the murderer to repentance, or to denounce him for his grievous crime. Yet, -^ngus told our saint, that Cuimin Fota'? had already blessed him, and had promised him the kingdom on earth and in heaven. " Then," said Mochoemoc, " as Cuimin blessed you, I shall not curse you ; but, I shall pronounce a malison against your wife and son," Whereupon, the chieftainess came with her son, and bending her knee most
"
humbly, in the presence of Pulcherius, she said,
spare us, O father, and willingly shall we do whatever you require from us, for you know, it was not within our power to correct the acts of our lord, the king, who has offended. "
he
on this lake, which surrounds and defends his castle, and on its occupants. " Then the waters of the lake were mysteriously absorbed in the land, beneath and around, which seemed to be dry, while the castle itself disappeared. This portent did not remove his obduracy, from ^ngus ; but, to punish him still more, his favourite daughter, and a war-steed, which was strong and fleet, died, on the instant. The chief was now moved to sincere repentance, and he asked the saint's pardon. Mochoemoc prayed for him ; and, once more, the lake and castle appeared, while the favourite daughter, and his war-steed, came to life. As a thank-offering, ^nguss granted land, whereon a church might be built, to God and to Pulcherius. The saint imposed a suitable penance upon him, and having regulated for the building and government of that cell, Mochoemoc returned again to his own monastery.
and,
replied, according
to the
legend,
The holy Bishop Fursey'^ and the devout Abbot Pulcherius greatly loved
an alumnus, named Scanlan, the son of Foelan, and who spent much of his
boyhooddays,intheircompany. Thisyouthwasofanoblefamily,andhe
grew up, under their teaching, in morality and piety. Owing to a dynastic
jealousy, lest he might aspire to power, a chief, called Cuan or Cuana, seized on the young man, and then cast him into a prison. The saints at once set
out to procure his release, and coming to Cuan, Mochoemoc said to him, " O chieftain, restore our friend safely to us, for he has no evil intent against
The chief " as he hath done evil answered, Truly, yet, nothing
you. " againstme,butIfear,hemaydoitbycontendingformyprincipality. " St.
" I said,
been St. Fechin, Abbot of Fore, whose Life
has been already given, at the 20th of Ja-
he shall not life. " Then injure you during
but come with me to 9 He is supposed, by Colgan, to have Life, also, he is called, larla.
Mochoemoc
the chief re-assured
promise,
" I shall do what
nuary.
10
replied,
Life,IfindhimcalledlarlaEngusa. larla means " an earl," but in this sense, as we
are told, in a note, it signifies a /\^/fA 7Mfl/^a, who was entitled to follow next after the
'sThuswritten,inthetranslatedLife,
'* Thus written, in the Latin Acts,
'7 His feast is assigned, to the I2th of
November, and, he died, A. D. 66i, accord- '*
high king ; and, it may be derived, perhaps, ing to Dr. O'Donovan's Annals of the
from the Irish iA]\f:lAic, "a rear-chief," or
Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 270, 271.
'^ to have been St. Colgan supposes him,
Fursey, Abbot of Perrone, and whose Life has been already given, at the i6th of Ja- nuary. Additional notices are at the 9th of
a
lish word. Earl, or its derivatives.
"following-king,"
and not from the
Eng-
" The old author remarks, that the mother
of St. Mochoemoc belonged to this tribe.
"
In Professor O'Looney's translated February.
you wish,
For the sake of Christ,
With this submission, Mochcemoc was pleased,
" I shall a malediction pronounce
'3 So is it found, in Professor O'Looney's translated Life.
• Such is the name, as given in the Latin In Professor O'Looney's translated Acts.
356 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 13.
Cashel city/9 and, that he may stand as a witness,^" I shall release him, in
your presence, before the king. " When they came to, Cashel, Cuan gave Scanlan his liberty, in presence of the monarch. For, at this time, the bishop
of Imlech, or Emly,^' happened to be with the king, in Cashel, and he said,
"O Cuanis sovereign,
very
dearto
you ; "
" andthe
king replied,
" do Truly
Ilovehim. " Thenthe
bishop urged,
Propose
to
Cuan,
thatheshallcom-
ply with the wishes of Mochoemoc, for on whatever day Cuan shall incur his
displeasure, he shall die. " Although, Cuan then promised to be at peace
with Scanlan, yet he afterwards displeased Mochoemoc, and died as a conse- quence. Through a love for our saint, the King of Cashel willed that Scanlan should succeed as chief. He also asked the bishop for his opinion, regard-
themeritsofMochoemoc. "I
choemoc told Sliabh Cua''^ to remove into the place of Magh Feymin^3 beyond the River Suir, and that Magh Feymin should leave its own position, and go to Sliabh Cua, the Almighty would grant it to honour his saint. " The king gave praise to God, and the fame of Pulcherius was greatly magnified. One Dima, a good man, whose father is called Feichin, or Fiechenus, was a faithful friend of our saint, and he had asked the holy abbot, in the name of the Blessed Trinity, whenever his last sickness took place, that he Dyma might enjoy the happiness of receiving Holy Communion from the abbot's hands. This favour Mochoemoc promised. He happened to be living, in theMonasteryofInisLeamlachta,^^orlnishlounaght,^s inthesouthernpart of Ossory territory, where the Feor river flows into the strait of the sea,^^ when a messenger arrived from the infirm Dyma. At once, Pulcherius hastened to see him, but before his arrival, the sick man died, and his friends were bewailing his loss, and making preparations for his burial. They watched around his corpse, and when Pulcherius came, he went alone at night to the coffin, a bright light shining above, and signing the cross over
"
ing
believe,"
My dear friend Dyma, arise in Christ's name, that you may receive the Holy Viaticum from my hands, as your faith desired it. " Immediately, as if awaking from a profound sleep, the dead man
"
Dyma's body, the saint cried out,
God. Mochoemoc then
to live with your people again, or to go back to the repose you have left ?
rose and he up,
praised
said,
you
'9 In the Irish Life, the word, Cathair, is used.
'° The Irish word used isy? «(/«i2i>^.
" In the year 660, Conangius or Conaing Ua Daint, Abbot of Imleach Ibhair, or Emly, died. See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 270, 271. As he departed five years after the death of our saint, Colgan thinks he may be the pre- late here noticed, and he is assigned a festival, at the 23rd of September.
^^ Professor O'Looney renders it into
" Island of the new milk. "
^^In his Tract, " Cosnobia Cisterciensia
Ilibernias," Sir James Ware tells us, that
about the year 11 87, a Cistercian monastery was founded and endowed, at Inislawnaght,
by Donald O'Brien, King of Limerick, and by Malachy O'Felan, Chief over the Decies. It lay on the banks of the Suir, in the county of Tipperary, and hence, it was also called the Monastery of the Suir. See p.
" This was the ancient name for the 74. It is represented now by a parish,
mountain, now called Cnoc Maeldomnaigh, or Knockmseldown, south of Clonmel, in thecountyofWaterford. Thenameisstill
preserved, but pronounced Sliabh Gua, and it is now popularly applied to a district in
Seskinan parish, lying between Dungarvan and Clonmel, and in the barony of Dcsies without Drum. See Dr. O'Donovan's " Leabhar na-g Ceart, or Book of Rights," n. (t), p. 16.
'3 Relatively to the former place, it ex-
tended northwards, and beyond the River Suir.
called Inishlounaght, situated partly, in the baronies of Iffa and Offa East, in the South
Riding of the county of Tipperary, and this part is shown on the " Ordnance Survey
Townland Maps for the County of Tippe- "
rary, Sheets 76, 77, 82, 83, while the townland proper is on the last-noted Sheet,
Another part is in the barony of Glenahiiy, and this is found on the " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Water- ford," Sheet i.
'^^
This identification of site is only found in the Latin Acts.
English,
saidthe "thatifMo- bishop,
" Do now desire
March 13. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 357
All those persons in the house ran to hear the conversation, between the saint and their master Dyma, for whose restoration they blessed our merciful Lord. Dyma expressed his great desire to leave the world, and he gave himselfandhisposteritytoSt. Mochoemoc. ThenreceivingHolyViaticum from his hands, Dyma departed in peace, and Mochoemoc took care to have his remains deposited, in his monastery, at Liath.
Again, it happened, that our saint despatched one of his monks, named Cuancheir,^7 to the western part of Ireland. On returning, this monk died in the city of Emly, situated on the plain of Munster, and there he was buried. Hearing this, Pulcherius set out to bring the body for interment to his monastery, but the Archbishop of that city would not consent to such re- moval. While this was
you monastery ? The bishop replied, God knows it, for I do not. " When
contested,
point
to keep the body of my monk, who gave both his soul and his body to my
""
" You whenthemonkcameforthfromhisplaceofburial. Then,thebishop,giving
"
Mochoemoc heard he this,
said,
know, my Lord,
that this is an
injustice,
and you shall see a corresponding indication. " Going to the tomb, the
monk's grave was miraculously opened, and his abbot took him by the hand,
praise to God, cried out in a loud voice,
I ought not keep your revivified
monk, whom the Almighty hath brought to life, like Lazarus,^^ owing to the merits of his servant. God knows, that I acted through no evil intention, but solely to have the relics of a saint in the cemetery of this church. " After-
wards, obtaining the permission and blessing of the bishop, Mochoemoc and his monk Cuancheir returned with joy to their monastery. Subsequently, MochoemocsentthatmonktobuildthemonasteryofGlassmore. Therehe lived, for many years, a very holy life, and there, too, he wrought miracles, until he happily departed to a better life. Another miracle, Mochoemoc wrought, in favour of a holy virgin, named Gainer,''? who had lost her sight for a long time, but who was led to the saint. She asked him, in Christ's name, to bless her eyes, and he complied, at the same time recommending her to bathe her face witlj holy water. This she did, and soon she saw the earthandsky,inthepresenceofagreatmultitudeofpersons. ThenGainer returned to her sanctuary blessing God, for the miracles wrought through his saints. Thus, after the Almighty had performed many wonders, such as raising the dead to life, curing many afflicted persons, and exorcising demons, through the instrumentality of our saint, and when Mochoemoc had founded many monasteries, old age came upon him, and he was warned, that his term of life had expired. Calling his monks around him, he imparted a blessing, on them, and on Liath, where he was buried with great solemnity. 3°
Calculating on circumstances related, and the periods of some persons, stated to have lived contemporaneously with him. Dr. Lanigan is of opinion, that our saint must have been, at least, io6 years old, at the time of his death,whichoccurredonthe13thofMarch. 3^ Accordingtothequatrainof
'7 This Cuan, surnamcd Cearr, is supposed by Colgan to be identical with St. Cronan, the Patron of whose Life is
^9 Colgan supposes her to have had a festival, on the 5th of November,
30 See " Acta Sanctorum Hiber Colgan's
Glassmore,
given, at the loth of February. Thus, nias," xiii. Vita S. Mochoemoci, Ab
Cuan, Mochua, and Cronan, are names often confounded by Irish writers. Yet, to us, it does not seem to be clear, that the present holy monk can be identical with St. Cronan, of Glassmore, or Clashmore, as may be
found on a comparison of the respective Acts.
batis de Liath-Mor in Helia, &c. , cap xxvii. , xxviii. , xxix. , xxx. , xxxi. , xxxii. xxxiii. , xxxiv. , xxxv. , xxxvi. , xxxvii. , pp 594 to 596, and nn. 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, pp. 597, 598 With several differences of detail, Professoi
O'Looney's translated Life substantially agrees.
°*
St. John xi.
Pulcherius
" Is it
for
said,
right
358 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 13.
an Irish Poem,3' quoted by the 0'Clerys,33 Mochasmhog attained the very ex- traordinary age of 413 years. 34 This, however, is clearly a mistake, or an extraor- dinary exaggeration. 35 They also add, that a. d. 655 was the date for his departure, apparently relying on the chronology oftheAnnals of Ulster, 3^ and on thatoftheFourMasters. 37 Afterhisdeathandburial,inhismonastery,various miracleswereperformed,atthetombofSt. Pulcherius. TheIrishCalendars commemorate the feast of St. Mochcemoc, or Pulcherius, at the 13th of
""
March. Thus, is he noticed, in the Feilire of St. . ^ngus,38 in the
Martyrologies of Tallagh,39 of Cashel, and of Marianus O'Gorman ; in jfEngussiusauctus,intheCarthusianMartyrology,byHermannGreuen; in
theMartyrologiesofCanisius,ofPhilipFerrarius,andofDonegal. *" Inthe Patrician Decade,*' also, it is noted,** and the name of this saint occurs as
Moccevogus, in the anonymous list of Irish Saints, published by O'Sullevan Beare. *3 He is frequently called Pulcherius, in various Calendars. ** In that Calendar, compiled by the Rev. Dr. Reeves, the name of this saint is entered, as Abbot of Dundrum, who died a. d. 496. *^ Here, evidently, a
mistake of entry has been permitted. 3' See " Ecclesiastical History of Ire-
His references to other pages of his 3* The following stanza, from the Leabhar
vol. iii. , chap,
and nn. 72, 73, pp. 28, 29.
sect,
withthe —has copy, Englishtranslation,
land,"
xvii. ,
v. , p. 25,
3' Mr. Joseph O'Longan has kindly fur- nished this quatrain, to the writer, from the Book of Leinster, where it is found in the foot margin, col. 3, p. 353. He has also given —the accompanying English trans-
:
CUAnjU]' CAIT) CO]*OA|'
O biAch mo^ niAich oiaj'.
May Mocoemoc protect us,
To the eternal protection to
come,
Cuangus the chaste of perfect
knowledge,
From Liath Mor, good the two
men.
lation
:
Aongus. "
Abbot of Liath-mor.
*' See lib. 2. x. , cap.
*^ See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- nise," Martii xiii. Appendix ad Acta S. Mochcemoci Abbatis de Liath-mor, in Helia, cap. v. , pp. 598, 599.
*3 See "Historise Catholicae Ibemias
SAegtiL tnocAeinoc teic;
tloco ce^AC riA cui]A
ci\eic; "Oa fecc liibliA'OAn cec|\i cec
ni iA]\niA]\ ni immA]\bi\ec.
The age of Mochsemoc Liath, Noble or humble do not deny, Twice seven years and four hundred It is no addition, it is no fiction.
Substantially this agrees with the O'Clery's Irish version, and with the corresponding English translation. Mr. O'Longan says, that Leith, "grey," refers to Mochoemog himself, on account of his great age.
39 At the iii. Idus, Rev. Dr. Kelly's
edition " Lieth simply records, Mochoemog
moir," at p. xviii.
In the Franciscan copy, at the same day, and after the entry of ten foreign saints, we find TnocliAemoc beich 1Tloi]\. Attached to this, is the gloss : Sac^uL niocliAem6c teich ni cebAC ctii]\ riA c]\eich xim. cccc. ni bAegul ni him- tnAi|\b]\ec.
33 In the margin of the original Calendar
were the letters f. ao. , which are interpreted
by Dr. Todd, as meaning, "the Feilire of 74, 75. There he is called Mochaemhog,
would here make an emenda- tion, that this notation orght probably to be 14 over 100, which should give him a term of 114 years. See "Acta Sanctorum Hi- bernisE," Martii xiii. Appendix ad Acta S.
Mochcemoci, cap. v. , p. 599.
3*
Colgan
•^5 The Irish words are
lent authority, to have been entered for others, signifying above one hundred. See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 266, 267, and n. (c. ) Ibid.
3* See Dr. O'Conor's " Rerum Hibernica- rum Scriptores," Annales Ultonienses.
3' These writers, however, place his death at the 3rd of March : they must have meant the iii. of its Ides.
said, by
an excel-
Compendium," p. 49.
tomus
i. , lib. iv. , cap. xi. ,
Breac
been furnished by Professor O'Looney
t>. 111. IT).
HonpiAiTJe mocoemoc "Oon bichcoetnnu biAf
*° Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
** See "Circle of the Seasons," p. 73.
*5 To me, this appears confounding the present saint with St. Mochaoi, Abbot of
. ^ndruim, who died on the 23rd ofJune, A. D. 496, according to O'Donovan's " Annals of
the Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 158 to l6l, and n. (h. ) Ibid. The Annals of Inisfallen have A. D. 490 ; the Annals of Ulster, A. D. 493, and from a different authority A. D.
March 13. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
359
work,4^ however, serve to create some confusion, in the minds of his readers. '*? There is aUusion made to the Castle of Rath-Temaynj-t^ where the King of Ulster dwelt, as mentioned in the ancient Life of St. Mochcemog or Pulche- rius, found in the Book of Kilkenny. 49 This place, as we are told, was in Kilmore parish, county of Down. With more or less of ideal accuracy, in reference to his individuality, the Scotch Kalendars also commemorate St. Pulcherius. Thus at the 13th, iii. Idus, the Kalendar of Drummond has, in Hibernia, the Natal Day of the Holy Confessors, Mochoemoc and Cuangus, Avas celebrated. 5° To the succeeding article, our readers are referred, for some additional illustration. Besides his own place, at Leigh, where he was venerated as chief patron, there is a church, called Kill Mocsemog, or Kil- makevoge,5^ from this saint, and it is situated in the barony of Ida, and county of Kilkenny. 5^ There is, also, a large parish, called Kilmocomoge,53 in the West Riding of Cork County, and which probably derives its denomina-
tion from him.
"to
adorn a tale," some account regarding the labours, and life of a holy Irish
monk, who flourished in the sixth and seventh centuries, may claim attention and interest, when brought before Irish readers. They serve to illustrate the
habits and usages of our early monasticism, and the efforts of its promoters. Opposition, too, St. Mochoemoc had to meet with. However, his calm and
collected mind, so far from being disconcerted, only displayed a fertility of
resource, and all the greater, in proportion to the magnitude of the difficulties, with which he had to cope. Christian courage enabled him, not only to overcome those difficulties, but even to turn them into so many helps to favour his great enterprises. Thus, in a short time, he had the happiness to see the walls of a magnificent monastic establishment rising before his eyes, and it encouraged him the more to resume his labours of love. The Almighty crowned his work, with marvellous success, as he always desires to aid those, who are in earnest, about good and useful undertakings.
Article II. —Festival of a reputed St. Kevoca, in Scotland.
Passing from, or rather reverting to, the previous Life of St. Mochoemoc, we have next to consider cautiously the accounts furnished to us, from the
Scottish Calendars, and by Scottish writers, regarding a St. Kevoca, or Ken- nocha—as named by the BoUandists' at this day—and who is reputed to
Ifthe life of mancan be every good
presented,
point
a moral
and
498; while the Annals of Tighernach, give A. D. 497.
^* At p. 236, we find nothing regarding this saint, if he be not confounded with St. Mochumma of Druimbo.
^7 He alludes to a townland, called Ra- demnan, in which the Down Survey has a castle, called Radaman. It was in the Kinealarty portion of Kilmore parish, baro- nies of Kinealarty and Upper Castlereagh, county of Down. See " Ecclesiastical Anti- quities of Down, Connor and Dromore. " Appendix M, p. 216, and Calendar, LL, p. 377.
so Cgg Bishop Forbes' "Kalendars of Scottish Saints," p. 7.
S' See " Ordnance Survey Townland
MapsfortheCountyofKilkenny," Sheets 40, 41. The townland proper is on Sheet
41.
^^ See Dr. O'Donovan's " Annals of the
Four Masters," vol. i. , n. (b), p. 267. The editor tells, that when he wrote, the
peasantry were beginning to corrupt this church to Kill- Ivory, from a false notion,
that Csemhog denoted ivory.
53 It is situated, in three different baronies,
viz. : Bantry, East Carbery and West Car- bery. Its bounds are defined on the " Ord- nance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Cork," Sheets 79, 80, 91, 92, 93,
*® Colgan has printed it incorrectly Rath- "
leamain. See Acta Sanctorum Hiber- nise," xiii. Martii. Vita S. Mochoemoci, Abbatis de Liath-mor in Helia, cap, x. , p. 590.
104, 105, 106, 1—07, 117, 118, 119, 131. '
« Fol. 81, col. 2, 1. 39. See Rev. Dr. Reeves' work, at p. 216.
Article ii. See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , Martii xiii. De S. Kennocha Virgine in Scotia, p. 338.
36o LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 13.
have been a holy virgin, who was venerated in Scotland. How far the claim
can be admitted requires further elucidation than we have yet found. Some
account of her is in the Chronicle of Scone. ^ The legend of St. Kevoca,
Virgin, as contained in the Breviary of Aberdeen,^ supplies us with little that
can be relied upon, as furnishing historical facts. In general terms, it details,
thatshesprungfromanobleraceoftheScoti. Herpurity,piety,amiability,
as also the miracles which she wrought, are chiefly the subjects for eulogy.
Though beautiful in face and figure, she declined proposals of marriage from
nobles, and she affirmed, that her only spouse was Jesus Christ, and he cruci-
fied. It is stated, that she suffered persecution and exile, because she would
not sacrifice to idols. Prayer, watching, alms-giving, and austerities, were
practised, and she willingly embraced poverty, as the chief means for avoid-
ing all secular attachment. Neither threats, exile, nor poverty, could divert
her from this determination. She is said to have attained a holy old age,
and to have beheld the Angels then inviting her to partake of a heavenly in-
heritance. In Kyle, a church was built, and there, too, it is stated, she died, and
was held in great honour. * The name of this saint is still preserved, in the
parishofSt. QuivoxorSt. Evox,intheimmediatevicinityofAyr. s Thereisa
Kevock burn, in the parish of Eaglesham. ^ Her chief church is said to have
beenneartoGlasgow. ? AccordingtoCamerariusandDempster,thissaintis
thought to have departed, in the year 1007, and during the reign of Malcolm II.
over Scotland. ^ The Scotch, as we are told, were accustomed to invoke St.
Kennocha, in an ancient form of prayer. 9 Again, the Scottish Kalendar of
Arbuthnott has a feast of St. Kevoca, a Virgin, with nine Lessons, at the iii.
IdesofMarch,orthe13thofthismonth;'° aslikewisethatKalendar,inthe
Breviary of Aberdeen, where she is noted as Virgin and not Martyr. " In
the Martyrology of Aberdeen, at the 13th of March, we read, S. Kennoche
virg. in Scotland vnder King Malcoline 2. ^^ At the 13th of March, in his
"
Menologium Scoticum," Dempster introduces, in Scotia, Kenneir, a holy virgin. '3 Camerarius,'* Laherius,'s Hermann Greuen,'^ Ferrarius,'? and Arturus,'^ also, notice her,'9 However, according to the Rev. Dr. Reeves,^° the St. Kevoca of Scottish Hagiology is simply the same as Caemhog, pro- nounced, Keevbg, and more generally called Mo-Chaemhog, with the familiar
= See Rev. Alban Butler's *' Lives of the
Fathers, Martyrs and other principal Saints," vol. iii. , March xiii.
3 Pars Hyemalis, fol. Ixviii.
* See Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of
Scottish Saints," pp. 374, 375. There, too, it is stated, she was buried. See Bishop
nius evadere corruptionem. Per Dominum," &c.
'° See Bishop Forbes' '* Kalendars of Scottish Saints," p. 98.
" See «^/^/. , p. 114.
^=
See ibid. , p. 147.
'3 gee /i5/^. , p. 194. In his " Historia Ec-
Saints," vol. iii. ,
""
Challenor's Britannia Sancta," part i. , pp.
173, 174.
5 See Rev. Alban Butler's "Lives of
the Fathers, Martyrs and other principal
clesiastica Gentis Scotoruni, tomus ii. , lib.
X. , num. 758, p. 412, Dempster has an ac- count of a St.
Irish Life.
=
In the Latin Acts, the words are, "can- ta nobis frater interim missam," &c.
"Acta Sanctorum Martii Hibemise,"
^ His feast on the 12th of occurs,
August.
* In the Latin
Coche. "
Acts, he is called "filius
March, and on the 13th of September. At the
where
has been
March 13. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 355
which took place, between a chief,'° called ^ngus, of the Nan-Desies terri- tory," and another''^ of the same race, who is called Feidelem/3 or Foelan,^* son to Eochaidh,'5 or Eatach. ^^ However, they agreed to make peace, in
the presence of Mochoemoc ; yet, this was treacherously broken, by ^ngus, who killed his rival, Feidelim. This wicked proceeding greatly irritated our saint, who set out to bring the murderer to repentance, or to denounce him for his grievous crime. Yet, -^ngus told our saint, that Cuimin Fota'? had already blessed him, and had promised him the kingdom on earth and in heaven. " Then," said Mochoemoc, " as Cuimin blessed you, I shall not curse you ; but, I shall pronounce a malison against your wife and son," Whereupon, the chieftainess came with her son, and bending her knee most
"
humbly, in the presence of Pulcherius, she said,
spare us, O father, and willingly shall we do whatever you require from us, for you know, it was not within our power to correct the acts of our lord, the king, who has offended. "
he
on this lake, which surrounds and defends his castle, and on its occupants. " Then the waters of the lake were mysteriously absorbed in the land, beneath and around, which seemed to be dry, while the castle itself disappeared. This portent did not remove his obduracy, from ^ngus ; but, to punish him still more, his favourite daughter, and a war-steed, which was strong and fleet, died, on the instant. The chief was now moved to sincere repentance, and he asked the saint's pardon. Mochoemoc prayed for him ; and, once more, the lake and castle appeared, while the favourite daughter, and his war-steed, came to life. As a thank-offering, ^nguss granted land, whereon a church might be built, to God and to Pulcherius. The saint imposed a suitable penance upon him, and having regulated for the building and government of that cell, Mochoemoc returned again to his own monastery.
and,
replied, according
to the
legend,
The holy Bishop Fursey'^ and the devout Abbot Pulcherius greatly loved
an alumnus, named Scanlan, the son of Foelan, and who spent much of his
boyhooddays,intheircompany. Thisyouthwasofanoblefamily,andhe
grew up, under their teaching, in morality and piety. Owing to a dynastic
jealousy, lest he might aspire to power, a chief, called Cuan or Cuana, seized on the young man, and then cast him into a prison. The saints at once set
out to procure his release, and coming to Cuan, Mochoemoc said to him, " O chieftain, restore our friend safely to us, for he has no evil intent against
The chief " as he hath done evil answered, Truly, yet, nothing
you. " againstme,butIfear,hemaydoitbycontendingformyprincipality. " St.
" I said,
been St. Fechin, Abbot of Fore, whose Life
has been already given, at the 20th of Ja-
he shall not life. " Then injure you during
but come with me to 9 He is supposed, by Colgan, to have Life, also, he is called, larla.
Mochoemoc
the chief re-assured
promise,
" I shall do what
nuary.
10
replied,
Life,IfindhimcalledlarlaEngusa. larla means " an earl," but in this sense, as we
are told, in a note, it signifies a /\^/fA 7Mfl/^a, who was entitled to follow next after the
'sThuswritten,inthetranslatedLife,
'* Thus written, in the Latin Acts,
'7 His feast is assigned, to the I2th of
November, and, he died, A. D. 66i, accord- '*
high king ; and, it may be derived, perhaps, ing to Dr. O'Donovan's Annals of the
from the Irish iA]\f:lAic, "a rear-chief," or
Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 270, 271.
'^ to have been St. Colgan supposes him,
Fursey, Abbot of Perrone, and whose Life has been already given, at the i6th of Ja- nuary. Additional notices are at the 9th of
a
lish word. Earl, or its derivatives.
"following-king,"
and not from the
Eng-
" The old author remarks, that the mother
of St. Mochoemoc belonged to this tribe.
"
In Professor O'Looney's translated February.
you wish,
For the sake of Christ,
With this submission, Mochcemoc was pleased,
" I shall a malediction pronounce
'3 So is it found, in Professor O'Looney's translated Life.
• Such is the name, as given in the Latin In Professor O'Looney's translated Acts.
356 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 13.
Cashel city/9 and, that he may stand as a witness,^" I shall release him, in
your presence, before the king. " When they came to, Cashel, Cuan gave Scanlan his liberty, in presence of the monarch. For, at this time, the bishop
of Imlech, or Emly,^' happened to be with the king, in Cashel, and he said,
"O Cuanis sovereign,
very
dearto
you ; "
" andthe
king replied,
" do Truly
Ilovehim. " Thenthe
bishop urged,
Propose
to
Cuan,
thatheshallcom-
ply with the wishes of Mochoemoc, for on whatever day Cuan shall incur his
displeasure, he shall die. " Although, Cuan then promised to be at peace
with Scanlan, yet he afterwards displeased Mochoemoc, and died as a conse- quence. Through a love for our saint, the King of Cashel willed that Scanlan should succeed as chief. He also asked the bishop for his opinion, regard-
themeritsofMochoemoc. "I
choemoc told Sliabh Cua''^ to remove into the place of Magh Feymin^3 beyond the River Suir, and that Magh Feymin should leave its own position, and go to Sliabh Cua, the Almighty would grant it to honour his saint. " The king gave praise to God, and the fame of Pulcherius was greatly magnified. One Dima, a good man, whose father is called Feichin, or Fiechenus, was a faithful friend of our saint, and he had asked the holy abbot, in the name of the Blessed Trinity, whenever his last sickness took place, that he Dyma might enjoy the happiness of receiving Holy Communion from the abbot's hands. This favour Mochoemoc promised. He happened to be living, in theMonasteryofInisLeamlachta,^^orlnishlounaght,^s inthesouthernpart of Ossory territory, where the Feor river flows into the strait of the sea,^^ when a messenger arrived from the infirm Dyma. At once, Pulcherius hastened to see him, but before his arrival, the sick man died, and his friends were bewailing his loss, and making preparations for his burial. They watched around his corpse, and when Pulcherius came, he went alone at night to the coffin, a bright light shining above, and signing the cross over
"
ing
believe,"
My dear friend Dyma, arise in Christ's name, that you may receive the Holy Viaticum from my hands, as your faith desired it. " Immediately, as if awaking from a profound sleep, the dead man
"
Dyma's body, the saint cried out,
God. Mochoemoc then
to live with your people again, or to go back to the repose you have left ?
rose and he up,
praised
said,
you
'9 In the Irish Life, the word, Cathair, is used.
'° The Irish word used isy? «(/«i2i>^.
" In the year 660, Conangius or Conaing Ua Daint, Abbot of Imleach Ibhair, or Emly, died. See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 270, 271. As he departed five years after the death of our saint, Colgan thinks he may be the pre- late here noticed, and he is assigned a festival, at the 23rd of September.
^^ Professor O'Looney renders it into
" Island of the new milk. "
^^In his Tract, " Cosnobia Cisterciensia
Ilibernias," Sir James Ware tells us, that
about the year 11 87, a Cistercian monastery was founded and endowed, at Inislawnaght,
by Donald O'Brien, King of Limerick, and by Malachy O'Felan, Chief over the Decies. It lay on the banks of the Suir, in the county of Tipperary, and hence, it was also called the Monastery of the Suir. See p.
" This was the ancient name for the 74. It is represented now by a parish,
mountain, now called Cnoc Maeldomnaigh, or Knockmseldown, south of Clonmel, in thecountyofWaterford. Thenameisstill
preserved, but pronounced Sliabh Gua, and it is now popularly applied to a district in
Seskinan parish, lying between Dungarvan and Clonmel, and in the barony of Dcsies without Drum. See Dr. O'Donovan's " Leabhar na-g Ceart, or Book of Rights," n. (t), p. 16.
'3 Relatively to the former place, it ex-
tended northwards, and beyond the River Suir.
called Inishlounaght, situated partly, in the baronies of Iffa and Offa East, in the South
Riding of the county of Tipperary, and this part is shown on the " Ordnance Survey
Townland Maps for the County of Tippe- "
rary, Sheets 76, 77, 82, 83, while the townland proper is on the last-noted Sheet,
Another part is in the barony of Glenahiiy, and this is found on the " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Water- ford," Sheet i.
'^^
This identification of site is only found in the Latin Acts.
English,
saidthe "thatifMo- bishop,
" Do now desire
March 13. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 357
All those persons in the house ran to hear the conversation, between the saint and their master Dyma, for whose restoration they blessed our merciful Lord. Dyma expressed his great desire to leave the world, and he gave himselfandhisposteritytoSt. Mochoemoc. ThenreceivingHolyViaticum from his hands, Dyma departed in peace, and Mochoemoc took care to have his remains deposited, in his monastery, at Liath.
Again, it happened, that our saint despatched one of his monks, named Cuancheir,^7 to the western part of Ireland. On returning, this monk died in the city of Emly, situated on the plain of Munster, and there he was buried. Hearing this, Pulcherius set out to bring the body for interment to his monastery, but the Archbishop of that city would not consent to such re- moval. While this was
you monastery ? The bishop replied, God knows it, for I do not. " When
contested,
point
to keep the body of my monk, who gave both his soul and his body to my
""
" You whenthemonkcameforthfromhisplaceofburial. Then,thebishop,giving
"
Mochoemoc heard he this,
said,
know, my Lord,
that this is an
injustice,
and you shall see a corresponding indication. " Going to the tomb, the
monk's grave was miraculously opened, and his abbot took him by the hand,
praise to God, cried out in a loud voice,
I ought not keep your revivified
monk, whom the Almighty hath brought to life, like Lazarus,^^ owing to the merits of his servant. God knows, that I acted through no evil intention, but solely to have the relics of a saint in the cemetery of this church. " After-
wards, obtaining the permission and blessing of the bishop, Mochoemoc and his monk Cuancheir returned with joy to their monastery. Subsequently, MochoemocsentthatmonktobuildthemonasteryofGlassmore. Therehe lived, for many years, a very holy life, and there, too, he wrought miracles, until he happily departed to a better life. Another miracle, Mochoemoc wrought, in favour of a holy virgin, named Gainer,''? who had lost her sight for a long time, but who was led to the saint. She asked him, in Christ's name, to bless her eyes, and he complied, at the same time recommending her to bathe her face witlj holy water. This she did, and soon she saw the earthandsky,inthepresenceofagreatmultitudeofpersons. ThenGainer returned to her sanctuary blessing God, for the miracles wrought through his saints. Thus, after the Almighty had performed many wonders, such as raising the dead to life, curing many afflicted persons, and exorcising demons, through the instrumentality of our saint, and when Mochoemoc had founded many monasteries, old age came upon him, and he was warned, that his term of life had expired. Calling his monks around him, he imparted a blessing, on them, and on Liath, where he was buried with great solemnity. 3°
Calculating on circumstances related, and the periods of some persons, stated to have lived contemporaneously with him. Dr. Lanigan is of opinion, that our saint must have been, at least, io6 years old, at the time of his death,whichoccurredonthe13thofMarch. 3^ Accordingtothequatrainof
'7 This Cuan, surnamcd Cearr, is supposed by Colgan to be identical with St. Cronan, the Patron of whose Life is
^9 Colgan supposes her to have had a festival, on the 5th of November,
30 See " Acta Sanctorum Hiber Colgan's
Glassmore,
given, at the loth of February. Thus, nias," xiii. Vita S. Mochoemoci, Ab
Cuan, Mochua, and Cronan, are names often confounded by Irish writers. Yet, to us, it does not seem to be clear, that the present holy monk can be identical with St. Cronan, of Glassmore, or Clashmore, as may be
found on a comparison of the respective Acts.
batis de Liath-Mor in Helia, &c. , cap xxvii. , xxviii. , xxix. , xxx. , xxxi. , xxxii. xxxiii. , xxxiv. , xxxv. , xxxvi. , xxxvii. , pp 594 to 596, and nn. 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, pp. 597, 598 With several differences of detail, Professoi
O'Looney's translated Life substantially agrees.
°*
St. John xi.
Pulcherius
" Is it
for
said,
right
358 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 13.
an Irish Poem,3' quoted by the 0'Clerys,33 Mochasmhog attained the very ex- traordinary age of 413 years. 34 This, however, is clearly a mistake, or an extraor- dinary exaggeration. 35 They also add, that a. d. 655 was the date for his departure, apparently relying on the chronology oftheAnnals of Ulster, 3^ and on thatoftheFourMasters. 37 Afterhisdeathandburial,inhismonastery,various miracleswereperformed,atthetombofSt. Pulcherius. TheIrishCalendars commemorate the feast of St. Mochcemoc, or Pulcherius, at the 13th of
""
March. Thus, is he noticed, in the Feilire of St. . ^ngus,38 in the
Martyrologies of Tallagh,39 of Cashel, and of Marianus O'Gorman ; in jfEngussiusauctus,intheCarthusianMartyrology,byHermannGreuen; in
theMartyrologiesofCanisius,ofPhilipFerrarius,andofDonegal. *" Inthe Patrician Decade,*' also, it is noted,** and the name of this saint occurs as
Moccevogus, in the anonymous list of Irish Saints, published by O'Sullevan Beare. *3 He is frequently called Pulcherius, in various Calendars. ** In that Calendar, compiled by the Rev. Dr. Reeves, the name of this saint is entered, as Abbot of Dundrum, who died a. d. 496. *^ Here, evidently, a
mistake of entry has been permitted. 3' See " Ecclesiastical History of Ire-
His references to other pages of his 3* The following stanza, from the Leabhar
vol. iii. , chap,
and nn. 72, 73, pp. 28, 29.
sect,
withthe —has copy, Englishtranslation,
land,"
xvii. ,
v. , p. 25,
3' Mr. Joseph O'Longan has kindly fur- nished this quatrain, to the writer, from the Book of Leinster, where it is found in the foot margin, col. 3, p. 353. He has also given —the accompanying English trans-
:
CUAnjU]' CAIT) CO]*OA|'
O biAch mo^ niAich oiaj'.
May Mocoemoc protect us,
To the eternal protection to
come,
Cuangus the chaste of perfect
knowledge,
From Liath Mor, good the two
men.
lation
:
Aongus. "
Abbot of Liath-mor.
*' See lib. 2. x. , cap.
*^ See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- nise," Martii xiii. Appendix ad Acta S. Mochcemoci Abbatis de Liath-mor, in Helia, cap. v. , pp. 598, 599.
*3 See "Historise Catholicae Ibemias
SAegtiL tnocAeinoc teic;
tloco ce^AC riA cui]A
ci\eic; "Oa fecc liibliA'OAn cec|\i cec
ni iA]\niA]\ ni immA]\bi\ec.
The age of Mochsemoc Liath, Noble or humble do not deny, Twice seven years and four hundred It is no addition, it is no fiction.
Substantially this agrees with the O'Clery's Irish version, and with the corresponding English translation. Mr. O'Longan says, that Leith, "grey," refers to Mochoemog himself, on account of his great age.
39 At the iii. Idus, Rev. Dr. Kelly's
edition " Lieth simply records, Mochoemog
moir," at p. xviii.
In the Franciscan copy, at the same day, and after the entry of ten foreign saints, we find TnocliAemoc beich 1Tloi]\. Attached to this, is the gloss : Sac^uL niocliAem6c teich ni cebAC ctii]\ riA c]\eich xim. cccc. ni bAegul ni him- tnAi|\b]\ec.
33 In the margin of the original Calendar
were the letters f. ao. , which are interpreted
by Dr. Todd, as meaning, "the Feilire of 74, 75. There he is called Mochaemhog,
would here make an emenda- tion, that this notation orght probably to be 14 over 100, which should give him a term of 114 years. See "Acta Sanctorum Hi- bernisE," Martii xiii. Appendix ad Acta S.
Mochcemoci, cap. v. , p. 599.
3*
Colgan
•^5 The Irish words are
lent authority, to have been entered for others, signifying above one hundred. See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 266, 267, and n. (c. ) Ibid.
3* See Dr. O'Conor's " Rerum Hibernica- rum Scriptores," Annales Ultonienses.
3' These writers, however, place his death at the 3rd of March : they must have meant the iii. of its Ides.
said, by
an excel-
Compendium," p. 49.
tomus
i. , lib. iv. , cap. xi. ,
Breac
been furnished by Professor O'Looney
t>. 111. IT).
HonpiAiTJe mocoemoc "Oon bichcoetnnu biAf
*° Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
** See "Circle of the Seasons," p. 73.
*5 To me, this appears confounding the present saint with St. Mochaoi, Abbot of
. ^ndruim, who died on the 23rd ofJune, A. D. 496, according to O'Donovan's " Annals of
the Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 158 to l6l, and n. (h. ) Ibid. The Annals of Inisfallen have A. D. 490 ; the Annals of Ulster, A. D. 493, and from a different authority A. D.
March 13. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
359
work,4^ however, serve to create some confusion, in the minds of his readers. '*? There is aUusion made to the Castle of Rath-Temaynj-t^ where the King of Ulster dwelt, as mentioned in the ancient Life of St. Mochcemog or Pulche- rius, found in the Book of Kilkenny. 49 This place, as we are told, was in Kilmore parish, county of Down. With more or less of ideal accuracy, in reference to his individuality, the Scotch Kalendars also commemorate St. Pulcherius. Thus at the 13th, iii. Idus, the Kalendar of Drummond has, in Hibernia, the Natal Day of the Holy Confessors, Mochoemoc and Cuangus, Avas celebrated. 5° To the succeeding article, our readers are referred, for some additional illustration. Besides his own place, at Leigh, where he was venerated as chief patron, there is a church, called Kill Mocsemog, or Kil- makevoge,5^ from this saint, and it is situated in the barony of Ida, and county of Kilkenny. 5^ There is, also, a large parish, called Kilmocomoge,53 in the West Riding of Cork County, and which probably derives its denomina-
tion from him.
"to
adorn a tale," some account regarding the labours, and life of a holy Irish
monk, who flourished in the sixth and seventh centuries, may claim attention and interest, when brought before Irish readers. They serve to illustrate the
habits and usages of our early monasticism, and the efforts of its promoters. Opposition, too, St. Mochoemoc had to meet with. However, his calm and
collected mind, so far from being disconcerted, only displayed a fertility of
resource, and all the greater, in proportion to the magnitude of the difficulties, with which he had to cope. Christian courage enabled him, not only to overcome those difficulties, but even to turn them into so many helps to favour his great enterprises. Thus, in a short time, he had the happiness to see the walls of a magnificent monastic establishment rising before his eyes, and it encouraged him the more to resume his labours of love. The Almighty crowned his work, with marvellous success, as he always desires to aid those, who are in earnest, about good and useful undertakings.
Article II. —Festival of a reputed St. Kevoca, in Scotland.
Passing from, or rather reverting to, the previous Life of St. Mochoemoc, we have next to consider cautiously the accounts furnished to us, from the
Scottish Calendars, and by Scottish writers, regarding a St. Kevoca, or Ken- nocha—as named by the BoUandists' at this day—and who is reputed to
Ifthe life of mancan be every good
presented,
point
a moral
and
498; while the Annals of Tighernach, give A. D. 497.
^* At p. 236, we find nothing regarding this saint, if he be not confounded with St. Mochumma of Druimbo.
^7 He alludes to a townland, called Ra- demnan, in which the Down Survey has a castle, called Radaman. It was in the Kinealarty portion of Kilmore parish, baro- nies of Kinealarty and Upper Castlereagh, county of Down. See " Ecclesiastical Anti- quities of Down, Connor and Dromore. " Appendix M, p. 216, and Calendar, LL, p. 377.
so Cgg Bishop Forbes' "Kalendars of Scottish Saints," p. 7.
S' See " Ordnance Survey Townland
MapsfortheCountyofKilkenny," Sheets 40, 41. The townland proper is on Sheet
41.
^^ See Dr. O'Donovan's " Annals of the
Four Masters," vol. i. , n. (b), p. 267. The editor tells, that when he wrote, the
peasantry were beginning to corrupt this church to Kill- Ivory, from a false notion,
that Csemhog denoted ivory.
53 It is situated, in three different baronies,
viz. : Bantry, East Carbery and West Car- bery. Its bounds are defined on the " Ord- nance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Cork," Sheets 79, 80, 91, 92, 93,
*® Colgan has printed it incorrectly Rath- "
leamain. See Acta Sanctorum Hiber- nise," xiii. Martii. Vita S. Mochoemoci, Abbatis de Liath-mor in Helia, cap, x. , p. 590.
104, 105, 106, 1—07, 117, 118, 119, 131. '
« Fol. 81, col. 2, 1. 39. See Rev. Dr. Reeves' work, at p. 216.
Article ii. See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , Martii xiii. De S. Kennocha Virgine in Scotia, p. 338.
36o LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 13.
have been a holy virgin, who was venerated in Scotland. How far the claim
can be admitted requires further elucidation than we have yet found. Some
account of her is in the Chronicle of Scone. ^ The legend of St. Kevoca,
Virgin, as contained in the Breviary of Aberdeen,^ supplies us with little that
can be relied upon, as furnishing historical facts. In general terms, it details,
thatshesprungfromanobleraceoftheScoti. Herpurity,piety,amiability,
as also the miracles which she wrought, are chiefly the subjects for eulogy.
Though beautiful in face and figure, she declined proposals of marriage from
nobles, and she affirmed, that her only spouse was Jesus Christ, and he cruci-
fied. It is stated, that she suffered persecution and exile, because she would
not sacrifice to idols. Prayer, watching, alms-giving, and austerities, were
practised, and she willingly embraced poverty, as the chief means for avoid-
ing all secular attachment. Neither threats, exile, nor poverty, could divert
her from this determination. She is said to have attained a holy old age,
and to have beheld the Angels then inviting her to partake of a heavenly in-
heritance. In Kyle, a church was built, and there, too, it is stated, she died, and
was held in great honour. * The name of this saint is still preserved, in the
parishofSt. QuivoxorSt. Evox,intheimmediatevicinityofAyr. s Thereisa
Kevock burn, in the parish of Eaglesham. ^ Her chief church is said to have
beenneartoGlasgow. ? AccordingtoCamerariusandDempster,thissaintis
thought to have departed, in the year 1007, and during the reign of Malcolm II.
over Scotland. ^ The Scotch, as we are told, were accustomed to invoke St.
Kennocha, in an ancient form of prayer. 9 Again, the Scottish Kalendar of
Arbuthnott has a feast of St. Kevoca, a Virgin, with nine Lessons, at the iii.
IdesofMarch,orthe13thofthismonth;'° aslikewisethatKalendar,inthe
Breviary of Aberdeen, where she is noted as Virgin and not Martyr. " In
the Martyrology of Aberdeen, at the 13th of March, we read, S. Kennoche
virg. in Scotland vnder King Malcoline 2. ^^ At the 13th of March, in his
"
Menologium Scoticum," Dempster introduces, in Scotia, Kenneir, a holy virgin. '3 Camerarius,'* Laherius,'s Hermann Greuen,'^ Ferrarius,'? and Arturus,'^ also, notice her,'9 However, according to the Rev. Dr. Reeves,^° the St. Kevoca of Scottish Hagiology is simply the same as Caemhog, pro- nounced, Keevbg, and more generally called Mo-Chaemhog, with the familiar
= See Rev. Alban Butler's *' Lives of the
Fathers, Martyrs and other principal Saints," vol. iii. , March xiii.
3 Pars Hyemalis, fol. Ixviii.
* See Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of
Scottish Saints," pp. 374, 375. There, too, it is stated, she was buried. See Bishop
nius evadere corruptionem. Per Dominum," &c.
'° See Bishop Forbes' '* Kalendars of Scottish Saints," p. 98.
" See «^/^/. , p. 114.
^=
See ibid. , p. 147.
'3 gee /i5/^. , p. 194. In his " Historia Ec-
Saints," vol. iii. ,
""
Challenor's Britannia Sancta," part i. , pp.
173, 174.
5 See Rev. Alban Butler's "Lives of
the Fathers, Martyrs and other principal
clesiastica Gentis Scotoruni, tomus ii. , lib.
X. , num. 758, p. 412, Dempster has an ac- count of a St.
