s The
Bollandistshavespecialaccounts
of this holy man.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v7
, pp.
243, 244.
I0 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves,
eulogized
July 9. ]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
i79
sealy,—at the west of Swords, or to Kinsale, in the west—but rather in the
south of Ireland. If we are to understand, this latter had been the place, the
town and parish so called 11 are situated in the barony of Kinsale, in the county
of Cork, East Riding. A part of the town is in Ringcunan parish. " There
a prominent rock advances far out in the Atlantic Ocean, and it is known as
the Old Head of Kinsale. The isthmus connecting it with the mainland
had been blocked a castle x3 and its now in ruins. 1 * by strong fortifications,
De Courcey's Castle, Old Head of Kinsale, County Cork.
TheseappeartohavebeenerectedbyJohndeCourcey,15 whoinheritedthe
circumjacent country, owing to intermarriage with the family of Cogan, who are deemed to have obtained the lands by right of conquest from the Irish. 16 However, it is said to have had a more ancient repute as a royal residence of the Irish kings, and to have been known as Duncearma. 1 ? The present town of Kinsale is at the mouth of the Bandon River,18 where the sea meets it, and
x
furnishes a good harbour. It is also picturesquely situated, 9 and it is stated
pp. 190, 191.
" They are shown, on the "Ordnance
Survey Townland Maps for the County of Cork," sheets 112, 125.
13
See ibid. , sheets 97, 98, ill, 1 12, 125.
of the Barony, Parish, Town, and Old Head of Kinsale, may be there found. See ibid. , pp. 566 to 570.
1 See ibid. , p. 570.
18
20 history According Colgan,
to have had an ancient— connected with it. to adiscipleofSt. Ailbe calledagoodmasterandnamedGoban— havehadamonasterydedicatedtohimatKennsaile. Ithasbeenassumed,
13 Its dimensions with a wood engraving Charles Smith's "Ancient and Present
may be found in " The Irish Penny Maga- State of the County and City of Cork. " See
"
zine, vol. ii. , No. 2, January, nth, 1834, County Map attached, vol. i. , book i. ,
pp. 9, 10.
14 The accompanying illustration from an
approved drawing has been sketched by William F. Wakeman on the wood, en- graved by Mrs. Millard.
Parliamentary land," vol. ii. , p. 569.
chap, i. , p. 15.
19 A copperplate engraving of this town
from the Old Fort in 1750 is to be found in the work just quoted. See book ii. , chap, iii. , p. 215.
20 See "Acta Sanctorum xxvi. Hibernise,"
Martii. De S. Gobano Abbate de Airdne Dairinnsi, p. 750.
15 See "
Gazetteer of Ire- 16 A very full and an interesting account
Its position is well defined in Dr.
is said to
180 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[July 9.
that this place should be in Cork; yet, it must be a matter still left for conjecture.
There was also a St. Melteoc or Eltin" connected with the church ofCluain,
between the mountains of Crot and Mairge, and who is said to have been
buried at Kennsaile, a maritime town in southern Munster. 22 The references
to these historic statements have been misunderstood and obscured by Arch-
dall 2 3 and no less so by Dr. Charles Smith, who makes St. Multeoc or Eltin ;
the same as a supposed female saint Multosia or Multos, to whom the parish church of Kinsale is stated to have been dedicated in the fourteenth cen-
2 '*
or White Friars in that century, founded by Robert Fitz-Richard Balrain, a. d. 1334, a part of the ruins remaining on the north end of the town. 2* The
26
prior, Stephen Prene, obtained a quarter of land in Liscahan, a. d. 1350, fromthefounder. TheProtestantchurchatKinsale2? hasbeenmodernized, and it occupies the site of the fourteenth century structure. The history of this town is fraught with considerable interest.
tury.
Here, too,
it is
related,
that there had been an for Carmelites Abbey
ArticleIV. —ReputedFeastofaSt. Molruan. TheBollandists
notice a certain—or rather an uncertain—St. Molruan, Archbishop and 1
LegateinIreland,atthe9thofJuly, ontheauthorityofFatherHenryFitz- simon. A sort of Life had been given to them, but partaking of a legendary character in their estimation. He is said to have been a holy man, to have undergone persecutions and accusations, to have gone to Rome so that he might exculpate himself from some charges, to have returned again to Ireland, wherefullofyearsandofmeritshepassedtotherewardsofeternallife, on the 9th of July. The Bollandists sought eagerly for accounts of him in various Irish and Scotch Calendars, at this date, but in vain. It seems to us, he must have been confounded with St. Maelruan of Tallagh, already noticed, at the 7th of this month. Afterwards, the Bollandists notice an
9
entry of the names Germanus, Kilianus, Ribianus, Totnanus and Brocardus, as having been placed in the extended Kalendar of Father Henry Fitzsimon.
Among the foregoing, Dempster alone notes, Ribianus as a Bishop, but, the Bollandists desire to have further knowledge before including them on their listofsaints. 3 ThereisaBrocadius,nodoubt,mentionedbyColgan,*inhis Acts of St. Patrick, but the Bollandists cannot readily admit, that all the Irish Apostle's relatives had been classed among the saints.
•Article V. —St. Condmac or Connmach, of Ath-Blair, or Atha-
21 His feast has been assigned to Decern- ber nth.
"See ibid. , x. Martii. De S. Sedonio
Episcopo S. Senani Discipulo, p. 573, and
Dublin Penny Journal," vol. ii. , No. 90, pp.
tomus ii. , July ix. saints, p. 668.
n. 4.
23" 2"
Bcllandm alicubi legit pro Germano et Bibiano, Rimanus et Mul- tonus;" yet, however their names be changed, none of these belong to the pre- sent day. About Germanus they treated at the 3rd of July, and about Kilianus and
Totnanus on their proper day, the 8th of "Monasticon Hibernicum," p. 74, and July.
See Monasticon Hibernicum," p. 74. 2* See " Ancient and present State of the County and City of Cork," vol. i. , book ii. ,
chap, iii. , p. 219.
2s See ibid.
86 According to Sir James Ware's Manu-
They state
scripts, vol. 34, p. 108. See Archdall's
n.
7 There is a woodcut representing this
withsomehistoricnotices,in"The
3 See "ActaSanctorum,"tomus ii. Julii ix.
Among the pretermitted saints, pp. 668, 669,
4 See "Trias Thaumaturga," Colgan's
(p). 2
building,
297, 298. " Article iv. — See
Acta Sanctorum," Among the pretermitted
July io]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 181
1
silain. In the Martyrology of Tallagh, at the 9th of July, a festival is
recorded in honour of Condmac, of Atha silain. The place of this saint is
denominated in the later Calendar. The of Martyrology Donegal,
differently
at the'same date, enters the name as Connmach, of Ath Blair. We have not been able to identify his place under either denomination.
Article VI. —Reputed Feast of St. Germanus, Bishop, and of
others. The various
1 and Fitz- Henry
theMartyrologyofUsuard; yet,theyknownotwhothatsaintcanbe,ifnot the Germanus, whose commemoration has been already treated of, at the 3rd day of July/ Jocelyn has some account of him, in his Acts of St. Patrick,* and as stated, we have recorded whatever can be known about him. 6
Cent! ) JBap of 3ulp*
ARTICLE I. —ST. ETTO, HETTO, OR ETHON, BISHOP AND CONFESSOR. [SEVENTH CENTURY. ]
2 enter St.
The Bollandists
compilations Germanus, Bishop,
Floratius, Molanus,
of
at the
of
notice him, at this same date, but only the authority of Greven's additions to
simon,
9th
July. 3
Quinta Appendix iv. , p. 230.
ad Acta S.
Patricii, cap.
* See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , Julii ix. Among the pretermitted saints, pp. 667, 668.
s See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. xcii.
6
In the present volume, at July the 3rd, Art. i.
the Church of Christ had been founded, and when Christians wereredeemed his blood thenherillustriouschil-
AFTER
dren, whether as Martyrs, Apostles, Doctors, Virgins or Confessors, began to exhibit those virtues and labours, which served to extend her sway over the heartsofmen. Severalholymissionariesbandedtogetherforthispurpose, and left the shores of Ireland for more distant countries. Among those was Etto, and he became a saint illustrious for his apostolic zeal and miracles.
The particulars of his Acts are only to be gleaned from popular tradition, nor do we know that any very ancient written accounts regarding him are to be found. No doubt, there are several inaccuracies that have been incor- porated with the more authentic accounts, yet even for those incorrect state- ments, reasons may be assigned, and allowances must be made.
A Life of this saint has come down to us, but it does not appear to be a very ancient one. The date of its composition is uncertain, and it is supposed
to have been the
composition
of a monk at Liesse. 1 It has a of the Prologue
Article v. — Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxix.
2
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
190, 191. — Article vi.
Iberniae.
In Vita S.
Eloquii.
3 See "Catalogus aliquorum Sanctorum
through precious ;
Article 1. — In the Latin language, this town is written Lsetiae or Letia, in Han- 3 See O'Sullevan Beare's "Historice nonia or Nerviorum. It is generally known Catholicse Iberniae Compendium," tomus i. , at present among the French-speaking lib. iv. , cap. xii. , p. 54. people as Liessies or Liessy, in the diocese
8
182
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[July i o
Author, and then follows a narrative of public events, connected with the period of Etto's arrival on the Continent, as also the subsequent traditional accounts,regardinghismissionandcareer. HisofficesandtheMartyrologies hardly serve to throw any additional lights on his history. In French, this saint is called Z€ ; but, in the ancient Lives, his name is written Etto or Ethon. Sometimes, too, he is named Hetto. 3 It was Colgan's purpose to have published his biography, at the ioth of July. 3 In the " Natales Sanc- torum Belgii,"* there are some notices of St. Etto, as also in Miraeus.
s The Bollandistshavespecialaccounts of this holy man. 6 Acommentary7 pre- cedes his Acts. These follow, with the author's prologue, in two chapters and seventeen paragraphs. His Acts have been published from a Manu-
8 to the
script, belonging Abbey
of Marchiennes. This has been collated with
two other Codices ; one of these having been in the hands of D. Prued-
homme, a Canon of Cambrai, and another belonged to the collection at
Alnensis. In the " Acta Sanctorum Belgii,"? Etto is particularly commemo-
rated. Some notices of him are to be met with, in the work of Bishop
Challoner. 10 The Petits Bollandistes also have an account of St. Etton or
Z£, at this date. " There is a notice of St. Etto, likewise, in Rev. S. Baring-
" 12 Gould's Lives of the Saints. ''
St. Etto was a native of Ireland ;*3 but, regarding his family descent, and earlier years, we have no account. He was probably born in the early part oftheseventhcentury. TherehewasinstructedinaknowledgeoftheScrip- tures, and trained in the principles of virtue. ** This holy person is said to have been in Britain, to confer with many saints, that then flourished in these Islands ; but, whether he joined St. Fursey I5 there or in Ireland is not known. 16 As we have seen, in the Life of St. 1 ? that a certain
Count named
Madelgarius,
18 surnamed Vincent, and who had to gone
of Cambrai. Here there was a celebrated Abbey of Benedictines. It is situated on the River Helpra, not far distant from Avesnes.
I3 See Bishop Challoner's " Britannia Sancta," part ii. , p. 31.
See Hadrianus Valesius, Notitia Gallia- rum," p. 260.
As by Mirseus, and byBaldericus, Bishop of Toumay and Namur.
3 This we find, from the posthumous list
of his Manuscripts.
4 In two paragraphs, at the loth of July,
pp. 147, ! 48.
s See "Fasti Belgici et Burgundici," pp.
to
391 394.
6 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Julii x. De S. Ettone Ep. et Conf. Leetiis in
Belgio, pp. 48 to 62.
? In five sections, and forty-three para-
graphs.
8 This had been sent to the Bollandists in
1636, by D. Christian le Roy. It has been composed in a diffuse and careless historic fashion.
9 See vol. iii. , at the loth of July. At Lrctiis, in Hannonia. There is a Historico- critical commentary, by Cornelius Smet, in three sections, pp. 666 to 682.
des Saints," tome viii. , x Jour de Juillet, p. 238.
IS See his Life, in the First Volume of this work, at the 16th of January, Art. i.
l6 Mabillon merely alludes to him in a
passing manner, and adds: " De beato
10
See "Britannia Sancta," part ii. , pp.
tomus i. , lib. xiv. , sect, iv. , pp. 411, 412.
' 7 See the First Volume of this work, at
January 16th, Art. i. , chap. v.
l8
According to the Acts of our saint, Madelgarius was born in Hibernia of noble parents, and he came to Fiance, where he married Waldetrude, daughter of the noble Walbert, and for a long time he served in the wars of King Dagobert. He had been urged by the pious Waldetrude, to separate from her, and to lead a religious life, which she most earnestly desired for herself. He affected to yield to her wishes, but leaving her, he returned to Ireland, where he in- tended to take another wife. Learning this purpose, Waldetrude followed her husband to Ireland, with some companions, where she exhorted him in such moving words, that he firmly resolved on returning with her to Prance, where both of them afterwards
31, 32.
11 See "Vies des Saints," tome viii. ,
xe Jour de Juillet, pp. 238, 239.
12 See vol. vii. , July ioth, p. 261.
already Fursey,
I4 See Les Petits Bollandistes, "Vies "e
Etton—e nudum fere noraen nobis relictum "
est. " Annales Ordinis S. Benedicti,"
I
July io. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 183
1
Ireland, ? waited upon that celebrated missionary in England, and succeeded
in persuading him to visit Gaul, where he afterwards founded the monastery
of Lagny. At this period, that country was just beginning to recover from the devastations of the Huns and Vandals, with other barbarous invaders. 20 With his brothers Foillan 2I and as also with a3 2*
includuntur. "
20
Ultan," Mimbolus, Eloquius, 2s262? and28 3?
Bertuin, Fredegandus, Adalgisus Gobban, disciples ofSt. Fursey,
Etto was one of those apostolic preachers, who, in the seventh century, went
forth to the on the Continent. 2* are said to have accom- spread Gospel They
panied Madelgarius 3I and his wife St. Waldetrude, 32 when these returned to
France. ThegreatdesireoftheholymissionarieswastovisitRome,inthe
first instance ; most probably to receive the necessary jurisdiction and
approval, for the tasks which they had proposed to accomplish. About the
middle of the seventh century, they arrived in France, and Etto thence made
a pilgrimage to Rome, but whether in company with St. Fursey or not seems
to be uncertain. While he was visiting the tombs of the Apostles, it is said,
that he received episcopal consecration. 33 By Molanus, he is styled
"3
Hiberniensis Episcopus. " * Afterwards, he returned to France. With St.
Fursey, it is stated, that Etto lived for a time at Lagny,35 and that he carried the word of God afterwards into the Low Countries. He passed into those parts with six other companions, and in the company of St. Waldetrude. Among the holy men, who went to preach in the Low Countries with St. Etto, or about the same time, was St. Bertuin, a Bishop. He built an oratory, at Maloigne,36 upon the Sambre. After his return from Rome, Etto chose for his abode a solitary place, near the little river Corbriol. Like many of the primitive saints, he had a Divine inspiration, that he was destined to evange- lizethepeople,inthatpartofthedioceseofCambrai. St. Ettosettledona little stream at Thierache, near the town of Avesnes. There he cleared away the brambles, and built a cell for his occupation.
At first, he experienced some difficulties and opposition, owing to a man named Jovinus, who laid claim to the land, he being unwilling that a stranger
entered the religious state.
x» The writer of St. Etto's Life thus de-
a6 On the 17th of July, his festival occurs s ? See his Life, at the 2nd of June,
28 His feast is not correctly known.
29 See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber-
niae," xvi. Januarii, Appendix ad Acta S. Fursaei, cap. vi. , p. 96.
scribes it positions and states
:
" Est autem
Hyberniaproxima Britannia? Insula, spatio terrarum angustior, sed situ fcecundior. Hsec
ab Africo in Boream porrigitur, cujus partes
3° We are not to take in a too literal sense the statement of some writers that all the At a. d. 407, Miraeus writes, "in- foregoing were brothers of St. Fursey, ex- numerabiles et ferocissimae nationes univer- cept in a religious sense. Even the writer
sas Gallias occuparunt. Quidquid inter of our saint's Acts, alluding to persons "
priores ab Hibernia et Cantabrico oceano
Alpes et Pireneum est, quod Oceano et named in the text, observes, licet de omni-
Rhodano includitur, Quadus, Vandalus, Sarmata, Alani, Gepides, Heruli, Saxones, Burgundiones, Alemanni et hostes Pannonii vastarunt. "—"Rerum Belgicarum Chroni- con, ab Julii Caesaris in Galliam Adventu,
usque ad vulgarem Christi Annum 1636," &c. Antverpiae, 1636, fol.
bus non simus certi, utrum fuerunt carnali nativitate germani," &c.
21 His feast occurs, at the 31st of Octo- Saints," tome viii. , xe Jour de Juillet,
ber.
22 At the 1st of May, his feast is com-
memorated.
33 His festival is held, on the 18th of
November.
3* His Acts are at the 3rd of December. 25 His feast is on the nth of Novem-
ber.
p. 238.
34 See "Natales Sanctorum Belgii," at
x.
35 See Rev. Dr. Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical
History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xvi. , sect. x. , p. 462, and n. 98, p. 464.
3* Also called Maconia, in the territory of Liege.
3I See further notices of him, at July 14th
—his feast-day—
32 See her Life, in the Fourth Volume of
in the volume, present
this work, at the 9th of April, Art. i.
Julii
33 See Les Petits Bollandistes,
"
Vies des
i84 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July io.
should take possession of it. Jovinus railed at the holy man, nor would he enter upon any terms of compromise, until convinced by a miracle, that he shouldyield,andmakeanhumbleapologytoEtto. Thereoursainterected a church, under the patronage of St. Peter, chief of the Apostles. He used to visit the Abbey of Hautmont, where under St. Ansbert,3? Madelgarius lived j andtherehenietSt. Amandus,38St. Wasno,andSt. Humbert. 39 There,too,
1
met him ; as also St. and St. Gertrude/s Besides these, St. Foillan and St. Ultan came to meet him from the monastery of Fosse,*6 as likewise many other celebrated fathers of the Church, who were living in
France during his time.
Throughout all that region, St. Etto zealously laboured to spread the Gospel seed. As a light placed on a pedestal cannot be hidden, so did the- fame of his virtues spread on all sides. To the place of his abode came numerous visitors, to ask his counsel in spiritual affairs, as also to obtain the succours of religion. But, Etto was exceedingly humble in his own estima- tion, nor could he bear that others should think highly concerning him. One of the miracles recorded of our saint is that one day, and while walking in a
field, he saw a mute cow-herd sleeping. Touching him gently with a staff, 4 ? the man arose, and immediately found the use of speech. Fiscau or Fescau,48
afterwards a priory, and depending on the Abbey of Liessy, near Avesnes, in Hainault, was the place noted in connexion with St. Etto's demise. Here he
lived for a considerable time, constantly engaged in prayer, and crucified to the world. Daily did he offer the Holy Victim in Sacrifice to the Lord. He became a father of the poor, a protector of the widow, an aid of the orphan, a consoler of those in sorrow and tribulation, aransomer of captives, and an intercessor for all who were reduced in circumstances. Finding his last days on earth about to close, St. Etto called his disciples to him, and then gave them special instructions, to observe the precepts of charity and peace towards one another, as also to fulfil with great care the duties of a Christian and a religious life. Receiving from him an intimation, that he
St. Ursmar <° and his assistant bishop Erminus -*
2 St. St.
Wasnulph,* Gissen/3 Aldegunde,^
37 This holy bishop has a festival at the
9th of February.
38 His feast occurs at the 6th of February.
From him the town of St. Amand in Flan- ders has been Darned.
39 See Rev.
I0 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves,
eulogized
July 9. ]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
i79
sealy,—at the west of Swords, or to Kinsale, in the west—but rather in the
south of Ireland. If we are to understand, this latter had been the place, the
town and parish so called 11 are situated in the barony of Kinsale, in the county
of Cork, East Riding. A part of the town is in Ringcunan parish. " There
a prominent rock advances far out in the Atlantic Ocean, and it is known as
the Old Head of Kinsale. The isthmus connecting it with the mainland
had been blocked a castle x3 and its now in ruins. 1 * by strong fortifications,
De Courcey's Castle, Old Head of Kinsale, County Cork.
TheseappeartohavebeenerectedbyJohndeCourcey,15 whoinheritedthe
circumjacent country, owing to intermarriage with the family of Cogan, who are deemed to have obtained the lands by right of conquest from the Irish. 16 However, it is said to have had a more ancient repute as a royal residence of the Irish kings, and to have been known as Duncearma. 1 ? The present town of Kinsale is at the mouth of the Bandon River,18 where the sea meets it, and
x
furnishes a good harbour. It is also picturesquely situated, 9 and it is stated
pp. 190, 191.
" They are shown, on the "Ordnance
Survey Townland Maps for the County of Cork," sheets 112, 125.
13
See ibid. , sheets 97, 98, ill, 1 12, 125.
of the Barony, Parish, Town, and Old Head of Kinsale, may be there found. See ibid. , pp. 566 to 570.
1 See ibid. , p. 570.
18
20 history According Colgan,
to have had an ancient— connected with it. to adiscipleofSt. Ailbe calledagoodmasterandnamedGoban— havehadamonasterydedicatedtohimatKennsaile. Ithasbeenassumed,
13 Its dimensions with a wood engraving Charles Smith's "Ancient and Present
may be found in " The Irish Penny Maga- State of the County and City of Cork. " See
"
zine, vol. ii. , No. 2, January, nth, 1834, County Map attached, vol. i. , book i. ,
pp. 9, 10.
14 The accompanying illustration from an
approved drawing has been sketched by William F. Wakeman on the wood, en- graved by Mrs. Millard.
Parliamentary land," vol. ii. , p. 569.
chap, i. , p. 15.
19 A copperplate engraving of this town
from the Old Fort in 1750 is to be found in the work just quoted. See book ii. , chap, iii. , p. 215.
20 See "Acta Sanctorum xxvi. Hibernise,"
Martii. De S. Gobano Abbate de Airdne Dairinnsi, p. 750.
15 See "
Gazetteer of Ire- 16 A very full and an interesting account
Its position is well defined in Dr.
is said to
180 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[July 9.
that this place should be in Cork; yet, it must be a matter still left for conjecture.
There was also a St. Melteoc or Eltin" connected with the church ofCluain,
between the mountains of Crot and Mairge, and who is said to have been
buried at Kennsaile, a maritime town in southern Munster. 22 The references
to these historic statements have been misunderstood and obscured by Arch-
dall 2 3 and no less so by Dr. Charles Smith, who makes St. Multeoc or Eltin ;
the same as a supposed female saint Multosia or Multos, to whom the parish church of Kinsale is stated to have been dedicated in the fourteenth cen-
2 '*
or White Friars in that century, founded by Robert Fitz-Richard Balrain, a. d. 1334, a part of the ruins remaining on the north end of the town. 2* The
26
prior, Stephen Prene, obtained a quarter of land in Liscahan, a. d. 1350, fromthefounder. TheProtestantchurchatKinsale2? hasbeenmodernized, and it occupies the site of the fourteenth century structure. The history of this town is fraught with considerable interest.
tury.
Here, too,
it is
related,
that there had been an for Carmelites Abbey
ArticleIV. —ReputedFeastofaSt. Molruan. TheBollandists
notice a certain—or rather an uncertain—St. Molruan, Archbishop and 1
LegateinIreland,atthe9thofJuly, ontheauthorityofFatherHenryFitz- simon. A sort of Life had been given to them, but partaking of a legendary character in their estimation. He is said to have been a holy man, to have undergone persecutions and accusations, to have gone to Rome so that he might exculpate himself from some charges, to have returned again to Ireland, wherefullofyearsandofmeritshepassedtotherewardsofeternallife, on the 9th of July. The Bollandists sought eagerly for accounts of him in various Irish and Scotch Calendars, at this date, but in vain. It seems to us, he must have been confounded with St. Maelruan of Tallagh, already noticed, at the 7th of this month. Afterwards, the Bollandists notice an
9
entry of the names Germanus, Kilianus, Ribianus, Totnanus and Brocardus, as having been placed in the extended Kalendar of Father Henry Fitzsimon.
Among the foregoing, Dempster alone notes, Ribianus as a Bishop, but, the Bollandists desire to have further knowledge before including them on their listofsaints. 3 ThereisaBrocadius,nodoubt,mentionedbyColgan,*inhis Acts of St. Patrick, but the Bollandists cannot readily admit, that all the Irish Apostle's relatives had been classed among the saints.
•Article V. —St. Condmac or Connmach, of Ath-Blair, or Atha-
21 His feast has been assigned to Decern- ber nth.
"See ibid. , x. Martii. De S. Sedonio
Episcopo S. Senani Discipulo, p. 573, and
Dublin Penny Journal," vol. ii. , No. 90, pp.
tomus ii. , July ix. saints, p. 668.
n. 4.
23" 2"
Bcllandm alicubi legit pro Germano et Bibiano, Rimanus et Mul- tonus;" yet, however their names be changed, none of these belong to the pre- sent day. About Germanus they treated at the 3rd of July, and about Kilianus and
Totnanus on their proper day, the 8th of "Monasticon Hibernicum," p. 74, and July.
See Monasticon Hibernicum," p. 74. 2* See " Ancient and present State of the County and City of Cork," vol. i. , book ii. ,
chap, iii. , p. 219.
2s See ibid.
86 According to Sir James Ware's Manu-
They state
scripts, vol. 34, p. 108. See Archdall's
n.
7 There is a woodcut representing this
withsomehistoricnotices,in"The
3 See "ActaSanctorum,"tomus ii. Julii ix.
Among the pretermitted saints, pp. 668, 669,
4 See "Trias Thaumaturga," Colgan's
(p). 2
building,
297, 298. " Article iv. — See
Acta Sanctorum," Among the pretermitted
July io]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 181
1
silain. In the Martyrology of Tallagh, at the 9th of July, a festival is
recorded in honour of Condmac, of Atha silain. The place of this saint is
denominated in the later Calendar. The of Martyrology Donegal,
differently
at the'same date, enters the name as Connmach, of Ath Blair. We have not been able to identify his place under either denomination.
Article VI. —Reputed Feast of St. Germanus, Bishop, and of
others. The various
1 and Fitz- Henry
theMartyrologyofUsuard; yet,theyknownotwhothatsaintcanbe,ifnot the Germanus, whose commemoration has been already treated of, at the 3rd day of July/ Jocelyn has some account of him, in his Acts of St. Patrick,* and as stated, we have recorded whatever can be known about him. 6
Cent! ) JBap of 3ulp*
ARTICLE I. —ST. ETTO, HETTO, OR ETHON, BISHOP AND CONFESSOR. [SEVENTH CENTURY. ]
2 enter St.
The Bollandists
compilations Germanus, Bishop,
Floratius, Molanus,
of
at the
of
notice him, at this same date, but only the authority of Greven's additions to
simon,
9th
July. 3
Quinta Appendix iv. , p. 230.
ad Acta S.
Patricii, cap.
* See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , Julii ix. Among the pretermitted saints, pp. 667, 668.
s See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. xcii.
6
In the present volume, at July the 3rd, Art. i.
the Church of Christ had been founded, and when Christians wereredeemed his blood thenherillustriouschil-
AFTER
dren, whether as Martyrs, Apostles, Doctors, Virgins or Confessors, began to exhibit those virtues and labours, which served to extend her sway over the heartsofmen. Severalholymissionariesbandedtogetherforthispurpose, and left the shores of Ireland for more distant countries. Among those was Etto, and he became a saint illustrious for his apostolic zeal and miracles.
The particulars of his Acts are only to be gleaned from popular tradition, nor do we know that any very ancient written accounts regarding him are to be found. No doubt, there are several inaccuracies that have been incor- porated with the more authentic accounts, yet even for those incorrect state- ments, reasons may be assigned, and allowances must be made.
A Life of this saint has come down to us, but it does not appear to be a very ancient one. The date of its composition is uncertain, and it is supposed
to have been the
composition
of a monk at Liesse. 1 It has a of the Prologue
Article v. — Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxix.
2
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
190, 191. — Article vi.
Iberniae.
In Vita S.
Eloquii.
3 See "Catalogus aliquorum Sanctorum
through precious ;
Article 1. — In the Latin language, this town is written Lsetiae or Letia, in Han- 3 See O'Sullevan Beare's "Historice nonia or Nerviorum. It is generally known Catholicse Iberniae Compendium," tomus i. , at present among the French-speaking lib. iv. , cap. xii. , p. 54. people as Liessies or Liessy, in the diocese
8
182
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[July i o
Author, and then follows a narrative of public events, connected with the period of Etto's arrival on the Continent, as also the subsequent traditional accounts,regardinghismissionandcareer. HisofficesandtheMartyrologies hardly serve to throw any additional lights on his history. In French, this saint is called Z€ ; but, in the ancient Lives, his name is written Etto or Ethon. Sometimes, too, he is named Hetto. 3 It was Colgan's purpose to have published his biography, at the ioth of July. 3 In the " Natales Sanc- torum Belgii,"* there are some notices of St. Etto, as also in Miraeus.
s The Bollandistshavespecialaccounts of this holy man. 6 Acommentary7 pre- cedes his Acts. These follow, with the author's prologue, in two chapters and seventeen paragraphs. His Acts have been published from a Manu-
8 to the
script, belonging Abbey
of Marchiennes. This has been collated with
two other Codices ; one of these having been in the hands of D. Prued-
homme, a Canon of Cambrai, and another belonged to the collection at
Alnensis. In the " Acta Sanctorum Belgii,"? Etto is particularly commemo-
rated. Some notices of him are to be met with, in the work of Bishop
Challoner. 10 The Petits Bollandistes also have an account of St. Etton or
Z£, at this date. " There is a notice of St. Etto, likewise, in Rev. S. Baring-
" 12 Gould's Lives of the Saints. ''
St. Etto was a native of Ireland ;*3 but, regarding his family descent, and earlier years, we have no account. He was probably born in the early part oftheseventhcentury. TherehewasinstructedinaknowledgeoftheScrip- tures, and trained in the principles of virtue. ** This holy person is said to have been in Britain, to confer with many saints, that then flourished in these Islands ; but, whether he joined St. Fursey I5 there or in Ireland is not known. 16 As we have seen, in the Life of St. 1 ? that a certain
Count named
Madelgarius,
18 surnamed Vincent, and who had to gone
of Cambrai. Here there was a celebrated Abbey of Benedictines. It is situated on the River Helpra, not far distant from Avesnes.
I3 See Bishop Challoner's " Britannia Sancta," part ii. , p. 31.
See Hadrianus Valesius, Notitia Gallia- rum," p. 260.
As by Mirseus, and byBaldericus, Bishop of Toumay and Namur.
3 This we find, from the posthumous list
of his Manuscripts.
4 In two paragraphs, at the loth of July,
pp. 147, ! 48.
s See "Fasti Belgici et Burgundici," pp.
to
391 394.
6 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Julii x. De S. Ettone Ep. et Conf. Leetiis in
Belgio, pp. 48 to 62.
? In five sections, and forty-three para-
graphs.
8 This had been sent to the Bollandists in
1636, by D. Christian le Roy. It has been composed in a diffuse and careless historic fashion.
9 See vol. iii. , at the loth of July. At Lrctiis, in Hannonia. There is a Historico- critical commentary, by Cornelius Smet, in three sections, pp. 666 to 682.
des Saints," tome viii. , x Jour de Juillet, p. 238.
IS See his Life, in the First Volume of this work, at the 16th of January, Art. i.
l6 Mabillon merely alludes to him in a
passing manner, and adds: " De beato
10
See "Britannia Sancta," part ii. , pp.
tomus i. , lib. xiv. , sect, iv. , pp. 411, 412.
' 7 See the First Volume of this work, at
January 16th, Art. i. , chap. v.
l8
According to the Acts of our saint, Madelgarius was born in Hibernia of noble parents, and he came to Fiance, where he married Waldetrude, daughter of the noble Walbert, and for a long time he served in the wars of King Dagobert. He had been urged by the pious Waldetrude, to separate from her, and to lead a religious life, which she most earnestly desired for herself. He affected to yield to her wishes, but leaving her, he returned to Ireland, where he in- tended to take another wife. Learning this purpose, Waldetrude followed her husband to Ireland, with some companions, where she exhorted him in such moving words, that he firmly resolved on returning with her to Prance, where both of them afterwards
31, 32.
11 See "Vies des Saints," tome viii. ,
xe Jour de Juillet, pp. 238, 239.
12 See vol. vii. , July ioth, p. 261.
already Fursey,
I4 See Les Petits Bollandistes, "Vies "e
Etton—e nudum fere noraen nobis relictum "
est. " Annales Ordinis S. Benedicti,"
I
July io. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 183
1
Ireland, ? waited upon that celebrated missionary in England, and succeeded
in persuading him to visit Gaul, where he afterwards founded the monastery
of Lagny. At this period, that country was just beginning to recover from the devastations of the Huns and Vandals, with other barbarous invaders. 20 With his brothers Foillan 2I and as also with a3 2*
includuntur. "
20
Ultan," Mimbolus, Eloquius, 2s262? and28 3?
Bertuin, Fredegandus, Adalgisus Gobban, disciples ofSt. Fursey,
Etto was one of those apostolic preachers, who, in the seventh century, went
forth to the on the Continent. 2* are said to have accom- spread Gospel They
panied Madelgarius 3I and his wife St. Waldetrude, 32 when these returned to
France. ThegreatdesireoftheholymissionarieswastovisitRome,inthe
first instance ; most probably to receive the necessary jurisdiction and
approval, for the tasks which they had proposed to accomplish. About the
middle of the seventh century, they arrived in France, and Etto thence made
a pilgrimage to Rome, but whether in company with St. Fursey or not seems
to be uncertain. While he was visiting the tombs of the Apostles, it is said,
that he received episcopal consecration. 33 By Molanus, he is styled
"3
Hiberniensis Episcopus. " * Afterwards, he returned to France. With St.
Fursey, it is stated, that Etto lived for a time at Lagny,35 and that he carried the word of God afterwards into the Low Countries. He passed into those parts with six other companions, and in the company of St. Waldetrude. Among the holy men, who went to preach in the Low Countries with St. Etto, or about the same time, was St. Bertuin, a Bishop. He built an oratory, at Maloigne,36 upon the Sambre. After his return from Rome, Etto chose for his abode a solitary place, near the little river Corbriol. Like many of the primitive saints, he had a Divine inspiration, that he was destined to evange- lizethepeople,inthatpartofthedioceseofCambrai. St. Ettosettledona little stream at Thierache, near the town of Avesnes. There he cleared away the brambles, and built a cell for his occupation.
At first, he experienced some difficulties and opposition, owing to a man named Jovinus, who laid claim to the land, he being unwilling that a stranger
entered the religious state.
x» The writer of St. Etto's Life thus de-
a6 On the 17th of July, his festival occurs s ? See his Life, at the 2nd of June,
28 His feast is not correctly known.
29 See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber-
niae," xvi. Januarii, Appendix ad Acta S. Fursaei, cap. vi. , p. 96.
scribes it positions and states
:
" Est autem
Hyberniaproxima Britannia? Insula, spatio terrarum angustior, sed situ fcecundior. Hsec
ab Africo in Boream porrigitur, cujus partes
3° We are not to take in a too literal sense the statement of some writers that all the At a. d. 407, Miraeus writes, "in- foregoing were brothers of St. Fursey, ex- numerabiles et ferocissimae nationes univer- cept in a religious sense. Even the writer
sas Gallias occuparunt. Quidquid inter of our saint's Acts, alluding to persons "
priores ab Hibernia et Cantabrico oceano
Alpes et Pireneum est, quod Oceano et named in the text, observes, licet de omni-
Rhodano includitur, Quadus, Vandalus, Sarmata, Alani, Gepides, Heruli, Saxones, Burgundiones, Alemanni et hostes Pannonii vastarunt. "—"Rerum Belgicarum Chroni- con, ab Julii Caesaris in Galliam Adventu,
usque ad vulgarem Christi Annum 1636," &c. Antverpiae, 1636, fol.
bus non simus certi, utrum fuerunt carnali nativitate germani," &c.
21 His feast occurs, at the 31st of Octo- Saints," tome viii. , xe Jour de Juillet,
ber.
22 At the 1st of May, his feast is com-
memorated.
33 His festival is held, on the 18th of
November.
3* His Acts are at the 3rd of December. 25 His feast is on the nth of Novem-
ber.
p. 238.
34 See "Natales Sanctorum Belgii," at
x.
35 See Rev. Dr. Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical
History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xvi. , sect. x. , p. 462, and n. 98, p. 464.
3* Also called Maconia, in the territory of Liege.
3I See further notices of him, at July 14th
—his feast-day—
32 See her Life, in the Fourth Volume of
in the volume, present
this work, at the 9th of April, Art. i.
Julii
33 See Les Petits Bollandistes,
"
Vies des
i84 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July io.
should take possession of it. Jovinus railed at the holy man, nor would he enter upon any terms of compromise, until convinced by a miracle, that he shouldyield,andmakeanhumbleapologytoEtto. Thereoursainterected a church, under the patronage of St. Peter, chief of the Apostles. He used to visit the Abbey of Hautmont, where under St. Ansbert,3? Madelgarius lived j andtherehenietSt. Amandus,38St. Wasno,andSt. Humbert. 39 There,too,
1
met him ; as also St. and St. Gertrude/s Besides these, St. Foillan and St. Ultan came to meet him from the monastery of Fosse,*6 as likewise many other celebrated fathers of the Church, who were living in
France during his time.
Throughout all that region, St. Etto zealously laboured to spread the Gospel seed. As a light placed on a pedestal cannot be hidden, so did the- fame of his virtues spread on all sides. To the place of his abode came numerous visitors, to ask his counsel in spiritual affairs, as also to obtain the succours of religion. But, Etto was exceedingly humble in his own estima- tion, nor could he bear that others should think highly concerning him. One of the miracles recorded of our saint is that one day, and while walking in a
field, he saw a mute cow-herd sleeping. Touching him gently with a staff, 4 ? the man arose, and immediately found the use of speech. Fiscau or Fescau,48
afterwards a priory, and depending on the Abbey of Liessy, near Avesnes, in Hainault, was the place noted in connexion with St. Etto's demise. Here he
lived for a considerable time, constantly engaged in prayer, and crucified to the world. Daily did he offer the Holy Victim in Sacrifice to the Lord. He became a father of the poor, a protector of the widow, an aid of the orphan, a consoler of those in sorrow and tribulation, aransomer of captives, and an intercessor for all who were reduced in circumstances. Finding his last days on earth about to close, St. Etto called his disciples to him, and then gave them special instructions, to observe the precepts of charity and peace towards one another, as also to fulfil with great care the duties of a Christian and a religious life. Receiving from him an intimation, that he
St. Ursmar <° and his assistant bishop Erminus -*
2 St. St.
Wasnulph,* Gissen/3 Aldegunde,^
37 This holy bishop has a festival at the
9th of February.
38 His feast occurs at the 6th of February.
From him the town of St. Amand in Flan- ders has been Darned.
39 See Rev.
