The
society she attracted round her must be dispersed by her
departure, so wreck ed that it would soon be impossible to
restore it.
society she attracted round her must be dispersed by her
departure, so wreck ed that it would soon be impossible to
restore it.
Madame de Stael - Corinna, or Italy
I s this courtier-lik e behaviour to be
substituted for the respect we owe the E ternal, as the
source and the recompence of a forbearing and spotless
life? The ex ternal demonstrations of I talian Catholicism
ex cuse the soul from all interior piety. The spectacle
over, the feeling ends -- the duty is done; no one remains,
as with us, long occupied by thoughts born of strict and
sincere self-ex amination. "
" Y ou are severe, my dear O swald," said Corinne;
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? CO R I N N E ; O R I TA L Y . 171
" this is not the first time I have remark ed it. I f religion
consists but in morality, how is it superior to philosophy
and reason? A nd what piety could we truly feel, if our
principal end was that of stifling all the feelings of the
heart? The S toics k new almost as much as ourselves of
austere self-denials; but something more due to Christianity
is the enthusiasm which weds it with all the affections
of the soul -- the power of loving and sympathising. I t is'
the most indulgent worship, which best favours the flight
of our spirits towards heaven. W hat means the parable of
the Prodigal S on, if not that true love of God is preferred
even above the most ex act fulfilment of duty? H e q uitted
the paternal roof; his brother remained beneath it: he had
plunged into all the pleasures of the world; his brother
had never, for an instant, brok en the regularity of domestic
life: but the wanderer returned, all tears, and his beloved
father received him with rej oicing! A h! doubtless, among
the mysteries of nature, love is all that is left us of our
heavenly heritage! O ur very virtues are often too constitu-
tional for us always to comprehend what is right, or what is
the secret impulse that directs us. I ask my God to teach
me to adore him. I feel the effect of my petition by the
tears I shed. B ut, to sustain this disposition, religious
ex ercises are more necessary than you may think ; -- a
constant intercourse with the Divinity; daily habits that
have no connection with the interests of life, but belong
solely to the invisible world. E x ternal obj ects are of
great assistance to piety. The soul would fall back upon her-
self, if music and the arts reanimated not that poetic genius,
which is also the genius of religion. The vulgarest man,
while he prays, suffers, or trusts in H eaven, would ex press
himself lik e Milton, H omer, or Tasso, if education had
clothed his thoughts in words. There are but two distinct
classes of men born -- those who feel enthusiasm, and
those who deride it; all the rest is the work of society.
O ne class have no words for their sentiments; the other
k now what they ought to say to hide the void of their
hearts: but the stream flowed from the rock at the com-
mand of H eaven; even so gush forth true talent, true
religion, true love. The pomp of our worship; those pic-
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? 172CO K I N N E ; O R I TA L Y .
tures of k neeling saints, whose look s ex press continual
prayer; those statues placed on tombs, as if to awak en
one day with the dead; our churches, with their lofty
aisles ; -- all seem intimately connected with devout ideas.
I love this splendid homage, made by man to that which
promises him neither fortune nor power; which neither
rewards nor punishes, save by the feelings, it inspires: I
grow proud of my k ind, as I recognise something so
disinterested. The magnificence of religion cannot be too
much increased. I love this prodigality of terrestrial gifts
to another world; offerings from time to eternity: sufficient
for the morrow are the cares req uired by human economy.
O h! how I love what would be useless waste, were life
nothing better than a career of toil for despicable gain! if
this earth be but our road to heaven, what can we do .
better than so elevate our souls, that they feel the I nfinite, t
the I nvisible, the E ternal, in the midst of the limits that
surround them? J esus permitted a weak , and, perhaps,
repentant woman, to steep his head in precious balms,
saying to those who bade her turn them to more profitable
use, ' W hy trouble ye the woman? the poor ye have
always with ye, but me ye have not always. ' A las! what-
ever is good or sublime on this earth, is ours but for a
while; we have it not always. A ge, infirmities, and death
soon sully the heavenly dewdrop that only rests on flowers.
Dear O swald, let us, then, blend love, religion, genius, sun-
shine, odours, music, and poetry. There is no A theism .
but cold selfish baseness. Christ has said, ' W hen two or
three are gathered together in my name, I will be amongst
them ; ' and what, O h God! is assembling in thy name, if
we do not so while enj oying the charms of nature, therein
praising and thank ing thee for our life; above all, when
some other heart, created by thy hands, responds entirely
to our own? "
S o celestial an inspiration animated the countenance of
Corinne, that O swald could scarce refrain from falling at
her feet in that august temple. H e was long silent, de-
lightedly musing over her words, and reading their mean-
ing in her look s: he could not, however, abandon a cause
no dear to him as that he had undertak en; therefore re-
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? CO H I N N E ; O B I TA L Y . 173
sumed. -- " Corinne, hear a few words more from your
friend: his heart is not seared; no, no, believe me, if I
req uire austerity of principle and action, it is because it
gives our feelings depth and duration; if I look for reason
in religion, -- that is, if I rej ect contradictory dogmas, and
human means for affecting the soul -- it is because I see
the Divinity in -reason as in enthusiasm; if I cannot allow
man to be deprived of any of his faculties, it is because
they are all scarce sufficient for his comprehension of the
truths, revealed to him as much by mental reflection as by
heartfelt instinct -- the ex istence of a God, and the im-
mortality of the soul. To these solemn thoughts, so en-
twined with virtue, what can be added, that, in fact, belongs
to them? The poetic zeal to which you lend so many
attractions, is not, I dare assert, the most salutary k ind of
devotion! Corinne, how can it prepare us for the innu-
merable sacrifices that duty ex acts? I t has no revela-
tion, save in its own impulses; while its future destiny is
seen but through clouds. N ow we, to whom Christianity
renders it clear and positive, may deem such a sensation
our reward, but cannot mak e it our sole guide. Y ou
describe the ex istence of the blest, not that of mortals; a
religious life is a combat, not a hymn. I f we were not
sent here to repress our own and others' evil inclinations,
there would, as you say, be no distinctions save between
apathetic and ardent minds. B ut man is more harsh and
rugged than you think him; rational piety and imperious
duty alone can check his proud ex cesses. W hatever you
may think of ex terior pomp, and numerous ceremonies,
dearest! the contemplation of the universe and its A uthor,
will ever be the only worship which so fills the heart, that
self-k nowledge can find in it nothing either idle or absurd.
The dogmas that wound my reason, also chill my enthu-
siasm. Doubtless, the world is in itself an incomprehensible
mystery, and he were most unwise who refused to believe
whatever he could not ex plain; but contradictions art
always the work of man. The secrets of God are beyond
our mental powers, but not opposed to them. A German
philosopher has said, ' I k now but two lovely things in the
universe -- the starry sk y above our heads, and the sense
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? 174CO R I N N E ; O B I TA L Y .
of duty within our hearts. ' I n sooth, all the wonders of
creation are included in these. F ar from a simple religion
withering the heart, I used to think , ere I k new you,
Corinne, that such alone could concentrate and perpetuate
its affections. I have witnessed the most austere purity of
conduct from a man of inex haustible tenderness. I have
seen it preserve, in age, a virgin innocence which the
storms of passion must else have blighted. R epentance is
assuredly commendable, and I , more than most men, had
need rely on its efficacy; but repeated penitence wearies
the soul; it is a sentiment that can but once regenerate us.
R edemption accomplished, cannot be renewed; accustomed
to the attempt, we lose the strength of love; for it req uires
strength of mind to love God constantly. I obj ect to the
splendid forms which here act so powerfully on the fancy,
because I would have imagination modest and retiring,
lik e the heart: emotions ex torted from it, are always less
forcible than those that spring spontaneously. I n the
Cevennes, I heard a Protestant minister preach one eve
among the mountains: he addressed the tombs of the
F renchmen, banished by their brothers, and promised
their friends that they should meet them in a better world:
a virtuous life, he said, would secure that blessing, adding,
' Do good to man, that God may heal the wounds within
your breasts! ' H e wondered at the inflex ibility with
which the creature of a day dared treat his fellow worm;
and spok e of that terrible death, which all conceive, but
none can fully ex pound. I n short, he said nought that was
not touching, true, and perfectly in harmony with nature.
The distant cataract, the spark ling starlight, seemed ex -
pressing the same thoughts in other ways. There was
the magnificence of nature, the only one whose spectacles
offend not the unfortunate; and this imposing simplicity
affected the soul as it was never affected by the most
brilliant of ceremonies. "
O n E aster S unday, O swald and Corinne went to the
Place of S t. Peter' s, to see the Pope, from the highest
balcony of the church, call down H eaven' s blessing on the
earth: as he pronounced ' Urbi et orbi' -- on the city and
the world,-- the people k nelt, and our lovers felt all creeds
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? CO R I N N E ; O R I TA L Y . 175
alik e. R eligion link s men with each other, unless self-
love and fanaticism render it a cause of j ealousy and hate.
To pray together, in whatever tongue or ritual, is the
most tender brotherhood of hope and sympathy that men
can contract in this life.
CH A PTE R V I .
E aster was over, yet Corinne spok e not of accomplishing
her promise, ' by confiding her history to N evil. H urt by
this silence, he one day told her that he intended paying a visit
to their vaunted N
proposed to mak
the avowal he ex
aples. S he understood his feelings, and
e the j ourney with him; hoping to escape
pected from her, by giving him a proof of
love which ought to be so satisfactory: besides, she thought
that he would not tak e her with him, unless he designed
to become hers for life. H er anx ious look s supplicated a
favourable reply. H e could not resist, though surprised at
the simplicity with which she made this offer; yet he
hesitated for some time, till, seeing her bosom throb, and
her eyes fill, he consented, without considering the import-
ance of such a resolution. Corinne was overwhelmed with
j oy: at that moment she implicitly relied on his fidelity.
The day was fix ed, and the sweet perspective of travelling
together banished every other idea. N ot an arrangement
they made for this purpose but was a source of pleasure.
H appy mood! in which every detail of life derives a charm
from some fond hope. Too soon comes the time when each
hour fatigues; when each morning costs us an effort, to
support our wak ing, and drag on the day to its close. A s
N evil left Corinne, in order to prepare every thing for their
departure, the Count d' E rfeuil called on her, and learnt
herplan. " Y oucannotthink ofit! " hesaid:" mak ea
tour with a man who has not even promised to be your
husband! what will become of you if he turns deserter? "
-- " I should become," replied she, " but what I
any situation, if he ceased to love me,-- the most unhappy
must be, in
person in the world. " -- " Y es; but if you had done nothing
to compromise your name, you would still remain yourself. "
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? 176 CO R I N N E ; O R I TA L Y .
" Myself! " she repeated, " when the best feelings of my
soul were blighted, and my heart brok en ? " -- " The public
would not guess that; and with a little caution you might
preserve its opinion. " -- " A nd why humour that opinion,
unless it were to gain one merit the more in the eyes of
love? " -- " W e may cease to love," answered the Count, \
" butwedonotceasetoliveinneedofsociety. " -- " I fI
could think ," she ex claimed, " that the day would come
when O swald' s affections were no longer mine all, I should
have ceased to love already. W hat is love, if it can calculate
and provide against its own decay? N o; lik e devotion, it
dissipates all other interests, and delights in an entire \
sacrifice of self. " -- " A nd can a person of your mind turn
her brain with such nonsense? " ask ed d' E rfeuil: " it is >
certainly to the advantage of us men, that women think as \
you do; but you must not lose your superiority; it ought to
be in some way useful. " -- " Useful! " cried Corinne; " O h!
I shall owe it enough, if it teaches me the better to appre-
ciate the tender generosity of N evil. " -- " N evil is lik e other
men," rej oined the Count; " he will return to his country,
resume his career there, and be reasonable at last; you will
ex pose your reputation most imprudently by going to N aples
with him. " -- " I k now not his intentions," she answered;
" and, perhaps, it would have been better to have reflected
ere I loved him; but now -- what matters one sacrifice
more? Does not my life depend on his love? I ndeed, I
feel some solace in leaving myself without one resource; there
never is any for wounded hearts, but the world may some-
times think that such remains; and I love to k now that
even in this respect my misfortune would be complete, if
N evilabandonedme. " -- " A nddoeshek nowhowfaryou
commit yourself for his sak e? " -- " N o; I have tak en great
pains, as he is but imperfectly acq uainted with the customs
of this country, to ex aggerate the liberty it permits. Give
me your word that you will say nothing to him on this
head. I wish him to be ever free; he cannot constitute
my felicity by giving up any portion of his own. H is love
is the flower of my life; and neither his delicacy nor his
goodness could reanimate it, if once faded. I conj ure you,
then, dear Count, leave me to my fate. N othing that you
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? CO R I N N E ; O R I TA L Y . 177
k now of the heart' s affections can suit my case: all you say
is right, and very applicable to ordinary persons and situa-
tions; but you innocently do me great wrong in j udging
ine by the common herd, for whom there are so many
max ims ready made. I enj oy, I suffer, in my own,way;
and it is of me alone that those should think who seek to
influence my welfare. " The self-love of d' E rfeuil was a
little stung by the futility of his advice; and, by the mark
of preference shown to N evil, he k new that he himself
was not dear to Corinne, and that O swald was; yet that all
this should be so publicly evinced was somewhat disagreeable
to him. The success of any man, with any woman, is apt
to displease even his best friends. " I see I can do nothing
here," he added;
will remember me;
you and N evil I
" but, when my words are fulfilled, you
meantime I shall leave R ome* without
should be ennuied to death. I
shall surely
have tak
see you both again in I taly or S cotland; for I
en a
he
fancy to travel, while waiting for better things. F orgive my
counsel, charming Corinne, and ever depend on my devotion
to you. " S he thank ed and parted from him with regret. S
had k
link
d' E
nown him at the same time with O swald; that was a
she lik ed not to see brok en; but she acted as she had told
rfeuil she should do. S ome anx iety still troubled
O swald' s j oy: he would fain have obtained her secret, that
he might be certain they were not to be separated by any
invincible obstacle; but she declared she would ex plain
nothing till they were at N aples; and threw a veil over
what might be said of the step she was tak ing. O swald
lent himself to this illusion: love, in a weak , uncertain cha-
racter, deceives by halves, reason remains half clear, and
present emotions decide which of the two halves shall be-
come the whole. ' The mind of N evil was singularly ex -
pansive and penetrating; yet he could only j udge himself
correctly in the past; his ex isting situation appeared to
him ever in confusion. S usceptible alik e of rashness and
remorse, of passion and timidity, lie was incapable of
understanding his' own state, until events had decided the
combat. W hen the friends of Corinne were apprised of
her plan they were greatly distressed, especially Prince
Castel F orte, who resolved to follow her as soon as possible.
N
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? 178 corik ne; or italy.
H e had not the vanity to oppose her accepted lover, but he
could not support the frightful void left by the absence of
his fair friend; he had no acq uaintance whom he was not
wont to meet at her house; he visited no other.
The
society she attracted round her must be dispersed by her
departure, so wreck ed that it would soon be impossible to
restore it. H e was little accustomed to live among his
family; though ex tremely intelligent, study fatigued him;
the day would have been too heavy but for his morn and
evening visit to Corinne. S he was going; he could but
guess why; yet secretly promised himself to rej oin her, not
lik e an ex acting lover, but as one ever ready to console her,
if unhappy, and who might have been but too sure that
such a time would come. Corinne felt some melancholy in
loosening all the ties of habit; the life she had led in R ome
was agreeable to her; she was the centre round which\
circled all its celebrated artists and men of letters -- perfect
freedom had lent charms to her ex istence: what was she
to be now? if destined to be O swald' s wife, he would tak e
her to E ngland: how should she be received there? how
restrain herself to a career so different from that of her last
six years? These thoughts did but pass over her mind;
love for O swald effaced their light track . S he saw him,
heard him, and counted the hours but by his presence or
absence. W ho can refuse the happiness that seek s them?
Corinne, of all women, was the least forethoughted; nor
hope nor fear was made for her; her faith in the future
was indistinct, and in this respect her fancy did her as
little good as harm. The morning of her departure Castel
F orte came to her, with tears in his eyes. " W ill you
returnnomoretoR ome? " heask ed. -- " MyGod,yes! " she
cried; " weshallbeback inamonth. " -- " B ut,ifyouwed
L ordN evil,youwillleaveI taly. " -- " L eaveI taly! " she
sighed " Y es; the country where we speak your language,
and understand you so well; where you are so vividly
admired, and for friends, Corinne,-- where will you be
beloved as you are here? where find the arts, the thoughts
that please you? Can a single attachment constitute your
life? Do not language, customs, and manners, compose
that love of country which inflicts such terrible grief on the
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? CO R I N N E ; O R I TA L Y . 179
ex ile? " -- " W hatsayyou? " criedCorinne:" haveI not
ex perienced it? " Did not that very grief decide ray fate? "
S he look ed sadly on the statues that deck ed her room; then
on the Tiber, rolling beneath her windows;
whose smile seemed inviting her to stay;
ment O swald crossed the bridge of S t. A
and the sk y
but at that mo-
ngelo on horse-
back . " H ere he is ! " cried Corinne: she had scarcely said
the words ere he was beside her. S he ran before him, and
both, impatient to set forth, took their places in the carriage;
yet Corinne paid a k ind adieu to Castel F orte; but it was
lost among the shouts of postilions, the neighing of horses,
and all the bustle of departure -- sometimes sad -- some-
times intox icating,-- j ust as fear or hope may be inspired by
the new chances of coming destiny.
BOOKXL
N A PL E S ,A N DTH E H E R MI TA GE O PS T. S A L V A DO R .
CH A PTE R I .
O swald was proud of bearing off his conq uest; though
usually disturbed in his enj oyments by reflections and
regrets, he felt less so now: not that he was decided, but
that he did not trouble himself to be so; he yielded to the
course of events, hoping to be borne towards the haven of
his wishes. They crossed the Campagna d' A lbano, where
still is shown the supposed tomb of the H oratii and
Curatii. (7) They passed near the L ak e of N emi, and the
sacred woods that surround it, where it is said H ippolitus
was restored to life by Diana, who permitted no horses ever to
enter it more, in remembrance of her young favourite' s
misfortune. Thus, in I taly, almost at every step, history
and poetry add to the graces of nature, sweeten the memory
of the past, and seem to preserve it in eternal youth.
O swald and Corinne nex t traversed the Pontine marshes
n2
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? 180 corinne; or italy.
fertile and pestilent at once, unenlivened by a single ha-
bitation. S q ualid-look ing men put to the horses, advising
you to k eep awak e while passing through this air, as sleep
is ever the herald of death. . B uffaloes, of the most stupid
ferocity, draw the plough, which imprudent cultivators some-
times employ upon this fatal land; and the most brilliant
sunshine lights up the whole. Unwholesome swamps in
the north are indicated by their frightful aspects; but in
the most dangerous countries of the south nature deceives
the traveller by her serenest welcome. I f it be true that
slumber is so perilous on these fens, the drowsiness their
heat produces adds still more to our sense of the perfidy
around us. N evil watched constantly over Corinne. W hen
she languidly closed her eyes, or leaned her head on the
shoulder of Theresina, he awak ened her with inex pressible
terror; and, silent as he was by nature, now found inex -
haustible topics for conversation, ever new, to prevent her
submitting for an instant to this murderous sleep. May we
not forgive the heart of woman for the despairing regret
with which it clings to the days when she was beloved?
when her ex istence was so essential to that of another, that
its every instant was protected by his arm? W hat isolation
must succeed that delicious time! H appy they whom the
sacred link of marriage gently leads from love to friendship,
without one cruel moment having torn their hearts.
A t last our voyagers arrived at Terracina, on the coast
bordering the k ingdom of N aples. There the scuth, indeed
begins, and receives the stranger in its full magnificence.
The Campagna F elice seems separated from the rest of
E urope, not only by the sea, but by the destructive land
which must be crossed to reach it. I t is as if nature
wished to k eep her loveliest secret, and therefore rendered
the roads to it so hazardous. N ot far from Terracina
is the promontory chosen by poets as the abode of Circea,
behind rises Mount A nx ur, where Theodoric, k ing of the
Goths, built one of his strongest castles. There are few
traces of these invading barbarians left, and those, being
mere work s of destruction, are confounded with the work s
of time. The northern nations have not given I taly that
warlik e aspect which Germany retains. I t seems as if the
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? CO R I N N E ; O R I TA L Y . 181
soft earth of A usonia could not k eep the fortifications and
citadels that bristle through northern snows. R arely is a
Gothic edifice or feudal castle to be found here. The
antiq ue R omans still reign over the memory even of their
conq uerors. The whole of the mountain above Terracina
is covered with orange and lemon trees, that delicately em-
balm the air. N othing in our own climes resembles the
effect of this perfume: it is lik e that of some ex q uisite
melody, ex citing and inebriating talent into poetry. The
aloes and large-leaved cactus that abound here remind one
of A frica' s gigantic vegetation, almost fearfully; they seem
belonging to a realm of tyranny and violence. E very thing
is strange as another world, k nown but by the songs of
antiq ue bards, who, in all their lays, evinced more ima-
gination than truth. A s they entered Terracina, the
children threw into Corinne' s carriage immense heaps of
flowers, gathered by the wayside, or on the hills, and
strewn at random, so confident are they in the prodigality
of nature. The waggons that bring the harvest from the
fields are daily garlanded with roses: one sees and hears,
beside these smiling pictures, the waves that rage unlashed
by storms against the rock s, eternal barriers that chafe the
ocean'
" E
I I
" A
s pride.
non udite ancor come risuona
roco ed alto fremito lnarino ? ' *
nd hear you not still how resounds
The hoarse and deep roar of the sea? "
This endless motion, this aimless strength, renewed eternally,
whose cause and termination are alik e unk nown to us, draws
us to the shore whence so grand a spectacle may be seen,
till we feel a fearful desire to rush into its waves, and stun
our thoughts amid their tumultuous voices.
Towards evening all is calm. Corinne and N eville wan-
dered slowly forth: they stepped on flowers, and scattered
their sweets as they pressed them. The nightingale rests
on the rose-bushes, and blends the purest music with the
richest scents. A ll nature' s charms seem mutually at-
tracted; but the most entrancing and inex pressible of all is
the mildness of the air. I n contemplating a fine northern
n3
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? 182CO R I N N E J O R I TA L Y .
view, the climate always q ualifies our pleasure. L ik e false
notes in a concert, the petty sensations of cold and damp
distract attention; but in approaching N aples you breathe
so freely, feel such perfect ease ; , with such bounteous friend-
ship does nature welcome you, that nothing impairs your
delight. Man' s every relation, in our lands, is with society:
in warm climates his affections overflow among ex terior
obj ects. I t is not that the south has not its melancholy--
in what scenes can human destiny fail to awak en it? but
here it is unmix ed with discontent or anx iety. E lsewhere
life, such as it is, suffices not the faculties of man: here those
faculties suffice not for a life whose superabundance of
sensations induce a pensive indolence, for which those who
feel it can scarce account.
During the night the fire-flies fill the air: one might
suppose that the burning earth thus let her flames escape
in light: these insects wanton through the trees, sometimes
pitching on their leaves; and as the wind waves them, the
uncertain gleam of these little stars is varied in a thousand
ways. The sand also contains a number of small ferru-
ginous stones, that shine through it, as if earth cherished
in her breast the last rays of the vivifying sun. E very
where is united a life and a repose that satisfy at once all
the wishes of ex istence.
Corinne yielded to the charm of such a night with heart-
felt j oy. O swald could not conceal his emotion. O ften he
pressed her hand to his heart, then withdrew, returned, re-'
tired again, in respect for her who ought to be the companion
of his life. S he thought not of her danger: such was her
esteem for him, that, had he demanded the gift of her entire
being, she would not have doubted that such prayer was
but a solemn vow to mak e her his wife; she was glad, how-
ever, that he triumphed over himself, and honoured her by
the sacrifice: her soul was so replete with love and hap-
piness, that she could not form another wish. O swald was
far from this calm: fired by her beauty, he once embraced
her k nees with violence, and seemed to have lost all empire
over his passion; but Corinne look ed on him with so sweet
a fear, as if confessing his power, in entreating him not to
abuse it, that this humble defence ex torted more reverence
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? CO R I N N E ,O R I TA L Y . 183
than any other could have done. They saw reflected in the
wave a torch which some unk nown hand bore along the
beach, to a rendezvous at a neighbouring house. " H e
goes to his love," said O swald; " and for me the happiness
of this day will soon be over. " Corinne' s eyes, then raised
to heaven, were rilled with tears. O swald, fearing he had
offended her, fell at her feet, begging her to pardon the love
which hurried him away. S he gave him her hand, pro-
posing their return together. " O swald," she said, " you
will, I am assured, respect her you love; you k now that
the simplest req uest of yours would be resistless: it is you,
then, who must answer for me; you, who would refuse me
for your wife, if you had rendered me unworthy to be so. "
-- ' ' W ell," saidO swald," sinceyouk nowthecruel
potency of your will over my heart, whence, whence this
sadness? " -- " A las," she replied, " I had told myself that
my last moments passed with you were the happiest of my
life; and, as I look ed gratefully to heaven, I k now not by
what chance a childish superstition came back upon my
mind. The moon was hid by a cloud of fatal aspect. I
have always found the sk y either paternal or angry; and I
tell you, O swald, that to-night it condemns our love. " --
" Dearest," cried he, " the only auguries are good or evil
actions; and have I not this evening immolated my most
ardent desires to virtue ? " -- " I t is well," added Corinne:
" if you are not involved in this presage, it may be that the
stormy heaven menaces but myself. "
CH A PTE R I I .
They arrived atN aples by day, amid its immense population
of animated idlers. They first crossed the S trada del Toledo,
and saw the L azzaroni lying on the pavement, or crouching in
the wick er work s that serve them for dwellings night and
day; this savage state, blending with civilisation, has a very
orginal air. There are many among these men who k now
not even their own names; who come to confession anony-
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? 184? CO R I X N E ; O R I TA L Y .
mously, because they cannot tell what to call the offenders.
There is a subterranean grotto, where thousands of L azzaroni
pass their lives, merely going at noon to look on the sun,
and sleeping during the rest of the day, while their wives
spin. I n climates where food and raiment are so cheap,
it req uires a very active government to spread sufficient
national emulation: material subsistence is so easy there,
that they dispense with the industry req uisite elsewhere for
our daily bread. I dleness and ignorance, combined with
the volcanic air they imbibe, must produce ferocity when
the passions are ex cited; yet these people are no worse
than others: they have imagination which might prove the
parent of disinterested actions, and lead to good results, did
their political and religious institutions set them good
ex amples.
The Calabrese march towards the fields they cultivate
with a musician at their head, to whose tunes they occa-
sionally dance, by way of variety. E very year is held near
N aples a fete to our L ady of the Grotto, at which the girls
dance to the sound of tambourines and castanets; and
they often mak e it a clause in their marriage contracts,
that their husbands shall tak e them annually to this fete.
There was an actor of eighty, who for six ty years diverted
the N eapolitans, in their national part of Polichinello.
W hat immortality does the soul deserve which has thus
long employed the body? The people of N aples k now no
good but pleasure; yet even such taste is preferable to bar-
ren selfishness. I t is true that they love money inordinately:
if you ask your way in the streets the man addressed holds
out his hand as soon as he has pointed: they are often too
lazy for words; but their love of gold is not that of the
miser; they spend as they receive it. I f coin were intro-
duced among savages, they would demand it in the same
way. W hat the N eapolitans want most is a sense of dignity.
They perform generous and benevolent actions rather from
impulse than principle. Their theories are worth nothing;
and public opinion has no influence over them; but, if any
here escape this moral anarchy, their conduct is more
admirable than might be found elsewhere, since nothing in
their ex terior circumstances is favourable to virtue. N or
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? CO R I N N E ; O R I TA L Y . 185
laws nor manners are there to reward or punish. The
good are the more heroic, as they are not the more sought or
better considered for their pains. W ith some honourable
ex ceptions, the highest class is very lik e the lowest; the
mind is as little cultivated in the one as in the other.
Dress mak es the only difference. B ut, in the midst of all this,
there is at bottom a natural cleverness and aptitude, which
shows us what such a nation might become, if the govern.
ment devoted its powers to their mental and moral im.
provement. A s there is little education, one finds more
originality of character than of wit; but the distinguished
men of this country, such as the A bbe Galiani, and
Caraccioli, possessed, it is said, both pleasantry and reflec-
tion,-- rare union, without which either pedantry or frivolity
must prevent men from k nowing the true value of things.
I n some respects the N eapolitans are q uite uncivilised; but
their vulgarity is not lik e that of others; their very gross-
ness strik es the imagination. W e feel that the A frican
shore is near us. There is something N umidian in the
wild cries we hear from all sides. The brown faces, and
dresses of red or purple stuff, whose strong colours catch
the eye, those ragged cloak s, draped so artistically, give
something picturesq ue to the populace, in whom, elsewhere,
we can but mark the steps of civilisation. A certain taste for
ornament is here found, contrasted with a total want of all
that is useful. The shops are deck
some of them have a holyday look
private plenty nor public felicity;
ed with fruit and flowers;
, that belongs neither to
but solely to vivacious
fancy, which fain would feast the eye at any rate. The
mild clime permits all k inds of labourers to work in the
streets. Tailors there- mak e clothes, and cook s pastry, --
these household task s performed out of doors much augment
the action of the scene. S ongs, dances, and noisy sports
accompany this spectacle. There never was a country in
which the difference between amusement and happiness
might be more clearly felt; yet leave the interior for the
q uays, look on the sea, and V esuvius, and you forget all that
you k now of the natives. O swald and Corinne reached
N aples while the eruption still lasted. B y day it sent forth but
a black smok e, which might be confounded with the clouds;
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substituted for the respect we owe the E ternal, as the
source and the recompence of a forbearing and spotless
life? The ex ternal demonstrations of I talian Catholicism
ex cuse the soul from all interior piety. The spectacle
over, the feeling ends -- the duty is done; no one remains,
as with us, long occupied by thoughts born of strict and
sincere self-ex amination. "
" Y ou are severe, my dear O swald," said Corinne;
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? CO R I N N E ; O R I TA L Y . 171
" this is not the first time I have remark ed it. I f religion
consists but in morality, how is it superior to philosophy
and reason? A nd what piety could we truly feel, if our
principal end was that of stifling all the feelings of the
heart? The S toics k new almost as much as ourselves of
austere self-denials; but something more due to Christianity
is the enthusiasm which weds it with all the affections
of the soul -- the power of loving and sympathising. I t is'
the most indulgent worship, which best favours the flight
of our spirits towards heaven. W hat means the parable of
the Prodigal S on, if not that true love of God is preferred
even above the most ex act fulfilment of duty? H e q uitted
the paternal roof; his brother remained beneath it: he had
plunged into all the pleasures of the world; his brother
had never, for an instant, brok en the regularity of domestic
life: but the wanderer returned, all tears, and his beloved
father received him with rej oicing! A h! doubtless, among
the mysteries of nature, love is all that is left us of our
heavenly heritage! O ur very virtues are often too constitu-
tional for us always to comprehend what is right, or what is
the secret impulse that directs us. I ask my God to teach
me to adore him. I feel the effect of my petition by the
tears I shed. B ut, to sustain this disposition, religious
ex ercises are more necessary than you may think ; -- a
constant intercourse with the Divinity; daily habits that
have no connection with the interests of life, but belong
solely to the invisible world. E x ternal obj ects are of
great assistance to piety. The soul would fall back upon her-
self, if music and the arts reanimated not that poetic genius,
which is also the genius of religion. The vulgarest man,
while he prays, suffers, or trusts in H eaven, would ex press
himself lik e Milton, H omer, or Tasso, if education had
clothed his thoughts in words. There are but two distinct
classes of men born -- those who feel enthusiasm, and
those who deride it; all the rest is the work of society.
O ne class have no words for their sentiments; the other
k now what they ought to say to hide the void of their
hearts: but the stream flowed from the rock at the com-
mand of H eaven; even so gush forth true talent, true
religion, true love. The pomp of our worship; those pic-
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? 172CO K I N N E ; O R I TA L Y .
tures of k neeling saints, whose look s ex press continual
prayer; those statues placed on tombs, as if to awak en
one day with the dead; our churches, with their lofty
aisles ; -- all seem intimately connected with devout ideas.
I love this splendid homage, made by man to that which
promises him neither fortune nor power; which neither
rewards nor punishes, save by the feelings, it inspires: I
grow proud of my k ind, as I recognise something so
disinterested. The magnificence of religion cannot be too
much increased. I love this prodigality of terrestrial gifts
to another world; offerings from time to eternity: sufficient
for the morrow are the cares req uired by human economy.
O h! how I love what would be useless waste, were life
nothing better than a career of toil for despicable gain! if
this earth be but our road to heaven, what can we do .
better than so elevate our souls, that they feel the I nfinite, t
the I nvisible, the E ternal, in the midst of the limits that
surround them? J esus permitted a weak , and, perhaps,
repentant woman, to steep his head in precious balms,
saying to those who bade her turn them to more profitable
use, ' W hy trouble ye the woman? the poor ye have
always with ye, but me ye have not always. ' A las! what-
ever is good or sublime on this earth, is ours but for a
while; we have it not always. A ge, infirmities, and death
soon sully the heavenly dewdrop that only rests on flowers.
Dear O swald, let us, then, blend love, religion, genius, sun-
shine, odours, music, and poetry. There is no A theism .
but cold selfish baseness. Christ has said, ' W hen two or
three are gathered together in my name, I will be amongst
them ; ' and what, O h God! is assembling in thy name, if
we do not so while enj oying the charms of nature, therein
praising and thank ing thee for our life; above all, when
some other heart, created by thy hands, responds entirely
to our own? "
S o celestial an inspiration animated the countenance of
Corinne, that O swald could scarce refrain from falling at
her feet in that august temple. H e was long silent, de-
lightedly musing over her words, and reading their mean-
ing in her look s: he could not, however, abandon a cause
no dear to him as that he had undertak en; therefore re-
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? CO H I N N E ; O B I TA L Y . 173
sumed. -- " Corinne, hear a few words more from your
friend: his heart is not seared; no, no, believe me, if I
req uire austerity of principle and action, it is because it
gives our feelings depth and duration; if I look for reason
in religion, -- that is, if I rej ect contradictory dogmas, and
human means for affecting the soul -- it is because I see
the Divinity in -reason as in enthusiasm; if I cannot allow
man to be deprived of any of his faculties, it is because
they are all scarce sufficient for his comprehension of the
truths, revealed to him as much by mental reflection as by
heartfelt instinct -- the ex istence of a God, and the im-
mortality of the soul. To these solemn thoughts, so en-
twined with virtue, what can be added, that, in fact, belongs
to them? The poetic zeal to which you lend so many
attractions, is not, I dare assert, the most salutary k ind of
devotion! Corinne, how can it prepare us for the innu-
merable sacrifices that duty ex acts? I t has no revela-
tion, save in its own impulses; while its future destiny is
seen but through clouds. N ow we, to whom Christianity
renders it clear and positive, may deem such a sensation
our reward, but cannot mak e it our sole guide. Y ou
describe the ex istence of the blest, not that of mortals; a
religious life is a combat, not a hymn. I f we were not
sent here to repress our own and others' evil inclinations,
there would, as you say, be no distinctions save between
apathetic and ardent minds. B ut man is more harsh and
rugged than you think him; rational piety and imperious
duty alone can check his proud ex cesses. W hatever you
may think of ex terior pomp, and numerous ceremonies,
dearest! the contemplation of the universe and its A uthor,
will ever be the only worship which so fills the heart, that
self-k nowledge can find in it nothing either idle or absurd.
The dogmas that wound my reason, also chill my enthu-
siasm. Doubtless, the world is in itself an incomprehensible
mystery, and he were most unwise who refused to believe
whatever he could not ex plain; but contradictions art
always the work of man. The secrets of God are beyond
our mental powers, but not opposed to them. A German
philosopher has said, ' I k now but two lovely things in the
universe -- the starry sk y above our heads, and the sense
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? 174CO R I N N E ; O B I TA L Y .
of duty within our hearts. ' I n sooth, all the wonders of
creation are included in these. F ar from a simple religion
withering the heart, I used to think , ere I k new you,
Corinne, that such alone could concentrate and perpetuate
its affections. I have witnessed the most austere purity of
conduct from a man of inex haustible tenderness. I have
seen it preserve, in age, a virgin innocence which the
storms of passion must else have blighted. R epentance is
assuredly commendable, and I , more than most men, had
need rely on its efficacy; but repeated penitence wearies
the soul; it is a sentiment that can but once regenerate us.
R edemption accomplished, cannot be renewed; accustomed
to the attempt, we lose the strength of love; for it req uires
strength of mind to love God constantly. I obj ect to the
splendid forms which here act so powerfully on the fancy,
because I would have imagination modest and retiring,
lik e the heart: emotions ex torted from it, are always less
forcible than those that spring spontaneously. I n the
Cevennes, I heard a Protestant minister preach one eve
among the mountains: he addressed the tombs of the
F renchmen, banished by their brothers, and promised
their friends that they should meet them in a better world:
a virtuous life, he said, would secure that blessing, adding,
' Do good to man, that God may heal the wounds within
your breasts! ' H e wondered at the inflex ibility with
which the creature of a day dared treat his fellow worm;
and spok e of that terrible death, which all conceive, but
none can fully ex pound. I n short, he said nought that was
not touching, true, and perfectly in harmony with nature.
The distant cataract, the spark ling starlight, seemed ex -
pressing the same thoughts in other ways. There was
the magnificence of nature, the only one whose spectacles
offend not the unfortunate; and this imposing simplicity
affected the soul as it was never affected by the most
brilliant of ceremonies. "
O n E aster S unday, O swald and Corinne went to the
Place of S t. Peter' s, to see the Pope, from the highest
balcony of the church, call down H eaven' s blessing on the
earth: as he pronounced ' Urbi et orbi' -- on the city and
the world,-- the people k nelt, and our lovers felt all creeds
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? CO R I N N E ; O R I TA L Y . 175
alik e. R eligion link s men with each other, unless self-
love and fanaticism render it a cause of j ealousy and hate.
To pray together, in whatever tongue or ritual, is the
most tender brotherhood of hope and sympathy that men
can contract in this life.
CH A PTE R V I .
E aster was over, yet Corinne spok e not of accomplishing
her promise, ' by confiding her history to N evil. H urt by
this silence, he one day told her that he intended paying a visit
to their vaunted N
proposed to mak
the avowal he ex
aples. S he understood his feelings, and
e the j ourney with him; hoping to escape
pected from her, by giving him a proof of
love which ought to be so satisfactory: besides, she thought
that he would not tak e her with him, unless he designed
to become hers for life. H er anx ious look s supplicated a
favourable reply. H e could not resist, though surprised at
the simplicity with which she made this offer; yet he
hesitated for some time, till, seeing her bosom throb, and
her eyes fill, he consented, without considering the import-
ance of such a resolution. Corinne was overwhelmed with
j oy: at that moment she implicitly relied on his fidelity.
The day was fix ed, and the sweet perspective of travelling
together banished every other idea. N ot an arrangement
they made for this purpose but was a source of pleasure.
H appy mood! in which every detail of life derives a charm
from some fond hope. Too soon comes the time when each
hour fatigues; when each morning costs us an effort, to
support our wak ing, and drag on the day to its close. A s
N evil left Corinne, in order to prepare every thing for their
departure, the Count d' E rfeuil called on her, and learnt
herplan. " Y oucannotthink ofit! " hesaid:" mak ea
tour with a man who has not even promised to be your
husband! what will become of you if he turns deserter? "
-- " I should become," replied she, " but what I
any situation, if he ceased to love me,-- the most unhappy
must be, in
person in the world. " -- " Y es; but if you had done nothing
to compromise your name, you would still remain yourself. "
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? 176 CO R I N N E ; O R I TA L Y .
" Myself! " she repeated, " when the best feelings of my
soul were blighted, and my heart brok en ? " -- " The public
would not guess that; and with a little caution you might
preserve its opinion. " -- " A nd why humour that opinion,
unless it were to gain one merit the more in the eyes of
love? " -- " W e may cease to love," answered the Count, \
" butwedonotceasetoliveinneedofsociety. " -- " I fI
could think ," she ex claimed, " that the day would come
when O swald' s affections were no longer mine all, I should
have ceased to love already. W hat is love, if it can calculate
and provide against its own decay? N o; lik e devotion, it
dissipates all other interests, and delights in an entire \
sacrifice of self. " -- " A nd can a person of your mind turn
her brain with such nonsense? " ask ed d' E rfeuil: " it is >
certainly to the advantage of us men, that women think as \
you do; but you must not lose your superiority; it ought to
be in some way useful. " -- " Useful! " cried Corinne; " O h!
I shall owe it enough, if it teaches me the better to appre-
ciate the tender generosity of N evil. " -- " N evil is lik e other
men," rej oined the Count; " he will return to his country,
resume his career there, and be reasonable at last; you will
ex pose your reputation most imprudently by going to N aples
with him. " -- " I k now not his intentions," she answered;
" and, perhaps, it would have been better to have reflected
ere I loved him; but now -- what matters one sacrifice
more? Does not my life depend on his love? I ndeed, I
feel some solace in leaving myself without one resource; there
never is any for wounded hearts, but the world may some-
times think that such remains; and I love to k now that
even in this respect my misfortune would be complete, if
N evilabandonedme. " -- " A nddoeshek nowhowfaryou
commit yourself for his sak e? " -- " N o; I have tak en great
pains, as he is but imperfectly acq uainted with the customs
of this country, to ex aggerate the liberty it permits. Give
me your word that you will say nothing to him on this
head. I wish him to be ever free; he cannot constitute
my felicity by giving up any portion of his own. H is love
is the flower of my life; and neither his delicacy nor his
goodness could reanimate it, if once faded. I conj ure you,
then, dear Count, leave me to my fate. N othing that you
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? CO R I N N E ; O R I TA L Y . 177
k now of the heart' s affections can suit my case: all you say
is right, and very applicable to ordinary persons and situa-
tions; but you innocently do me great wrong in j udging
ine by the common herd, for whom there are so many
max ims ready made. I enj oy, I suffer, in my own,way;
and it is of me alone that those should think who seek to
influence my welfare. " The self-love of d' E rfeuil was a
little stung by the futility of his advice; and, by the mark
of preference shown to N evil, he k new that he himself
was not dear to Corinne, and that O swald was; yet that all
this should be so publicly evinced was somewhat disagreeable
to him. The success of any man, with any woman, is apt
to displease even his best friends. " I see I can do nothing
here," he added;
will remember me;
you and N evil I
" but, when my words are fulfilled, you
meantime I shall leave R ome* without
should be ennuied to death. I
shall surely
have tak
see you both again in I taly or S cotland; for I
en a
he
fancy to travel, while waiting for better things. F orgive my
counsel, charming Corinne, and ever depend on my devotion
to you. " S he thank ed and parted from him with regret. S
had k
link
d' E
nown him at the same time with O swald; that was a
she lik ed not to see brok en; but she acted as she had told
rfeuil she should do. S ome anx iety still troubled
O swald' s j oy: he would fain have obtained her secret, that
he might be certain they were not to be separated by any
invincible obstacle; but she declared she would ex plain
nothing till they were at N aples; and threw a veil over
what might be said of the step she was tak ing. O swald
lent himself to this illusion: love, in a weak , uncertain cha-
racter, deceives by halves, reason remains half clear, and
present emotions decide which of the two halves shall be-
come the whole. ' The mind of N evil was singularly ex -
pansive and penetrating; yet he could only j udge himself
correctly in the past; his ex isting situation appeared to
him ever in confusion. S usceptible alik e of rashness and
remorse, of passion and timidity, lie was incapable of
understanding his' own state, until events had decided the
combat. W hen the friends of Corinne were apprised of
her plan they were greatly distressed, especially Prince
Castel F orte, who resolved to follow her as soon as possible.
N
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? 178 corik ne; or italy.
H e had not the vanity to oppose her accepted lover, but he
could not support the frightful void left by the absence of
his fair friend; he had no acq uaintance whom he was not
wont to meet at her house; he visited no other.
The
society she attracted round her must be dispersed by her
departure, so wreck ed that it would soon be impossible to
restore it. H e was little accustomed to live among his
family; though ex tremely intelligent, study fatigued him;
the day would have been too heavy but for his morn and
evening visit to Corinne. S he was going; he could but
guess why; yet secretly promised himself to rej oin her, not
lik e an ex acting lover, but as one ever ready to console her,
if unhappy, and who might have been but too sure that
such a time would come. Corinne felt some melancholy in
loosening all the ties of habit; the life she had led in R ome
was agreeable to her; she was the centre round which\
circled all its celebrated artists and men of letters -- perfect
freedom had lent charms to her ex istence: what was she
to be now? if destined to be O swald' s wife, he would tak e
her to E ngland: how should she be received there? how
restrain herself to a career so different from that of her last
six years? These thoughts did but pass over her mind;
love for O swald effaced their light track . S he saw him,
heard him, and counted the hours but by his presence or
absence. W ho can refuse the happiness that seek s them?
Corinne, of all women, was the least forethoughted; nor
hope nor fear was made for her; her faith in the future
was indistinct, and in this respect her fancy did her as
little good as harm. The morning of her departure Castel
F orte came to her, with tears in his eyes. " W ill you
returnnomoretoR ome? " heask ed. -- " MyGod,yes! " she
cried; " weshallbeback inamonth. " -- " B ut,ifyouwed
L ordN evil,youwillleaveI taly. " -- " L eaveI taly! " she
sighed " Y es; the country where we speak your language,
and understand you so well; where you are so vividly
admired, and for friends, Corinne,-- where will you be
beloved as you are here? where find the arts, the thoughts
that please you? Can a single attachment constitute your
life? Do not language, customs, and manners, compose
that love of country which inflicts such terrible grief on the
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? CO R I N N E ; O R I TA L Y . 179
ex ile? " -- " W hatsayyou? " criedCorinne:" haveI not
ex perienced it? " Did not that very grief decide ray fate? "
S he look ed sadly on the statues that deck ed her room; then
on the Tiber, rolling beneath her windows;
whose smile seemed inviting her to stay;
ment O swald crossed the bridge of S t. A
and the sk y
but at that mo-
ngelo on horse-
back . " H ere he is ! " cried Corinne: she had scarcely said
the words ere he was beside her. S he ran before him, and
both, impatient to set forth, took their places in the carriage;
yet Corinne paid a k ind adieu to Castel F orte; but it was
lost among the shouts of postilions, the neighing of horses,
and all the bustle of departure -- sometimes sad -- some-
times intox icating,-- j ust as fear or hope may be inspired by
the new chances of coming destiny.
BOOKXL
N A PL E S ,A N DTH E H E R MI TA GE O PS T. S A L V A DO R .
CH A PTE R I .
O swald was proud of bearing off his conq uest; though
usually disturbed in his enj oyments by reflections and
regrets, he felt less so now: not that he was decided, but
that he did not trouble himself to be so; he yielded to the
course of events, hoping to be borne towards the haven of
his wishes. They crossed the Campagna d' A lbano, where
still is shown the supposed tomb of the H oratii and
Curatii. (7) They passed near the L ak e of N emi, and the
sacred woods that surround it, where it is said H ippolitus
was restored to life by Diana, who permitted no horses ever to
enter it more, in remembrance of her young favourite' s
misfortune. Thus, in I taly, almost at every step, history
and poetry add to the graces of nature, sweeten the memory
of the past, and seem to preserve it in eternal youth.
O swald and Corinne nex t traversed the Pontine marshes
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? 180 corinne; or italy.
fertile and pestilent at once, unenlivened by a single ha-
bitation. S q ualid-look ing men put to the horses, advising
you to k eep awak e while passing through this air, as sleep
is ever the herald of death. . B uffaloes, of the most stupid
ferocity, draw the plough, which imprudent cultivators some-
times employ upon this fatal land; and the most brilliant
sunshine lights up the whole. Unwholesome swamps in
the north are indicated by their frightful aspects; but in
the most dangerous countries of the south nature deceives
the traveller by her serenest welcome. I f it be true that
slumber is so perilous on these fens, the drowsiness their
heat produces adds still more to our sense of the perfidy
around us. N evil watched constantly over Corinne. W hen
she languidly closed her eyes, or leaned her head on the
shoulder of Theresina, he awak ened her with inex pressible
terror; and, silent as he was by nature, now found inex -
haustible topics for conversation, ever new, to prevent her
submitting for an instant to this murderous sleep. May we
not forgive the heart of woman for the despairing regret
with which it clings to the days when she was beloved?
when her ex istence was so essential to that of another, that
its every instant was protected by his arm? W hat isolation
must succeed that delicious time! H appy they whom the
sacred link of marriage gently leads from love to friendship,
without one cruel moment having torn their hearts.
A t last our voyagers arrived at Terracina, on the coast
bordering the k ingdom of N aples. There the scuth, indeed
begins, and receives the stranger in its full magnificence.
The Campagna F elice seems separated from the rest of
E urope, not only by the sea, but by the destructive land
which must be crossed to reach it. I t is as if nature
wished to k eep her loveliest secret, and therefore rendered
the roads to it so hazardous. N ot far from Terracina
is the promontory chosen by poets as the abode of Circea,
behind rises Mount A nx ur, where Theodoric, k ing of the
Goths, built one of his strongest castles. There are few
traces of these invading barbarians left, and those, being
mere work s of destruction, are confounded with the work s
of time. The northern nations have not given I taly that
warlik e aspect which Germany retains. I t seems as if the
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? CO R I N N E ; O R I TA L Y . 181
soft earth of A usonia could not k eep the fortifications and
citadels that bristle through northern snows. R arely is a
Gothic edifice or feudal castle to be found here. The
antiq ue R omans still reign over the memory even of their
conq uerors. The whole of the mountain above Terracina
is covered with orange and lemon trees, that delicately em-
balm the air. N othing in our own climes resembles the
effect of this perfume: it is lik e that of some ex q uisite
melody, ex citing and inebriating talent into poetry. The
aloes and large-leaved cactus that abound here remind one
of A frica' s gigantic vegetation, almost fearfully; they seem
belonging to a realm of tyranny and violence. E very thing
is strange as another world, k nown but by the songs of
antiq ue bards, who, in all their lays, evinced more ima-
gination than truth. A s they entered Terracina, the
children threw into Corinne' s carriage immense heaps of
flowers, gathered by the wayside, or on the hills, and
strewn at random, so confident are they in the prodigality
of nature. The waggons that bring the harvest from the
fields are daily garlanded with roses: one sees and hears,
beside these smiling pictures, the waves that rage unlashed
by storms against the rock s, eternal barriers that chafe the
ocean'
" E
I I
" A
s pride.
non udite ancor come risuona
roco ed alto fremito lnarino ? ' *
nd hear you not still how resounds
The hoarse and deep roar of the sea? "
This endless motion, this aimless strength, renewed eternally,
whose cause and termination are alik e unk nown to us, draws
us to the shore whence so grand a spectacle may be seen,
till we feel a fearful desire to rush into its waves, and stun
our thoughts amid their tumultuous voices.
Towards evening all is calm. Corinne and N eville wan-
dered slowly forth: they stepped on flowers, and scattered
their sweets as they pressed them. The nightingale rests
on the rose-bushes, and blends the purest music with the
richest scents. A ll nature' s charms seem mutually at-
tracted; but the most entrancing and inex pressible of all is
the mildness of the air. I n contemplating a fine northern
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? 182CO R I N N E J O R I TA L Y .
view, the climate always q ualifies our pleasure. L ik e false
notes in a concert, the petty sensations of cold and damp
distract attention; but in approaching N aples you breathe
so freely, feel such perfect ease ; , with such bounteous friend-
ship does nature welcome you, that nothing impairs your
delight. Man' s every relation, in our lands, is with society:
in warm climates his affections overflow among ex terior
obj ects. I t is not that the south has not its melancholy--
in what scenes can human destiny fail to awak en it? but
here it is unmix ed with discontent or anx iety. E lsewhere
life, such as it is, suffices not the faculties of man: here those
faculties suffice not for a life whose superabundance of
sensations induce a pensive indolence, for which those who
feel it can scarce account.
During the night the fire-flies fill the air: one might
suppose that the burning earth thus let her flames escape
in light: these insects wanton through the trees, sometimes
pitching on their leaves; and as the wind waves them, the
uncertain gleam of these little stars is varied in a thousand
ways. The sand also contains a number of small ferru-
ginous stones, that shine through it, as if earth cherished
in her breast the last rays of the vivifying sun. E very
where is united a life and a repose that satisfy at once all
the wishes of ex istence.
Corinne yielded to the charm of such a night with heart-
felt j oy. O swald could not conceal his emotion. O ften he
pressed her hand to his heart, then withdrew, returned, re-'
tired again, in respect for her who ought to be the companion
of his life. S he thought not of her danger: such was her
esteem for him, that, had he demanded the gift of her entire
being, she would not have doubted that such prayer was
but a solemn vow to mak e her his wife; she was glad, how-
ever, that he triumphed over himself, and honoured her by
the sacrifice: her soul was so replete with love and hap-
piness, that she could not form another wish. O swald was
far from this calm: fired by her beauty, he once embraced
her k nees with violence, and seemed to have lost all empire
over his passion; but Corinne look ed on him with so sweet
a fear, as if confessing his power, in entreating him not to
abuse it, that this humble defence ex torted more reverence
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? CO R I N N E ,O R I TA L Y . 183
than any other could have done. They saw reflected in the
wave a torch which some unk nown hand bore along the
beach, to a rendezvous at a neighbouring house. " H e
goes to his love," said O swald; " and for me the happiness
of this day will soon be over. " Corinne' s eyes, then raised
to heaven, were rilled with tears. O swald, fearing he had
offended her, fell at her feet, begging her to pardon the love
which hurried him away. S he gave him her hand, pro-
posing their return together. " O swald," she said, " you
will, I am assured, respect her you love; you k now that
the simplest req uest of yours would be resistless: it is you,
then, who must answer for me; you, who would refuse me
for your wife, if you had rendered me unworthy to be so. "
-- ' ' W ell," saidO swald," sinceyouk nowthecruel
potency of your will over my heart, whence, whence this
sadness? " -- " A las," she replied, " I had told myself that
my last moments passed with you were the happiest of my
life; and, as I look ed gratefully to heaven, I k now not by
what chance a childish superstition came back upon my
mind. The moon was hid by a cloud of fatal aspect. I
have always found the sk y either paternal or angry; and I
tell you, O swald, that to-night it condemns our love. " --
" Dearest," cried he, " the only auguries are good or evil
actions; and have I not this evening immolated my most
ardent desires to virtue ? " -- " I t is well," added Corinne:
" if you are not involved in this presage, it may be that the
stormy heaven menaces but myself. "
CH A PTE R I I .
They arrived atN aples by day, amid its immense population
of animated idlers. They first crossed the S trada del Toledo,
and saw the L azzaroni lying on the pavement, or crouching in
the wick er work s that serve them for dwellings night and
day; this savage state, blending with civilisation, has a very
orginal air. There are many among these men who k now
not even their own names; who come to confession anony-
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? 184? CO R I X N E ; O R I TA L Y .
mously, because they cannot tell what to call the offenders.
There is a subterranean grotto, where thousands of L azzaroni
pass their lives, merely going at noon to look on the sun,
and sleeping during the rest of the day, while their wives
spin. I n climates where food and raiment are so cheap,
it req uires a very active government to spread sufficient
national emulation: material subsistence is so easy there,
that they dispense with the industry req uisite elsewhere for
our daily bread. I dleness and ignorance, combined with
the volcanic air they imbibe, must produce ferocity when
the passions are ex cited; yet these people are no worse
than others: they have imagination which might prove the
parent of disinterested actions, and lead to good results, did
their political and religious institutions set them good
ex amples.
The Calabrese march towards the fields they cultivate
with a musician at their head, to whose tunes they occa-
sionally dance, by way of variety. E very year is held near
N aples a fete to our L ady of the Grotto, at which the girls
dance to the sound of tambourines and castanets; and
they often mak e it a clause in their marriage contracts,
that their husbands shall tak e them annually to this fete.
There was an actor of eighty, who for six ty years diverted
the N eapolitans, in their national part of Polichinello.
W hat immortality does the soul deserve which has thus
long employed the body? The people of N aples k now no
good but pleasure; yet even such taste is preferable to bar-
ren selfishness. I t is true that they love money inordinately:
if you ask your way in the streets the man addressed holds
out his hand as soon as he has pointed: they are often too
lazy for words; but their love of gold is not that of the
miser; they spend as they receive it. I f coin were intro-
duced among savages, they would demand it in the same
way. W hat the N eapolitans want most is a sense of dignity.
They perform generous and benevolent actions rather from
impulse than principle. Their theories are worth nothing;
and public opinion has no influence over them; but, if any
here escape this moral anarchy, their conduct is more
admirable than might be found elsewhere, since nothing in
their ex terior circumstances is favourable to virtue. N or
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? CO R I N N E ; O R I TA L Y . 185
laws nor manners are there to reward or punish. The
good are the more heroic, as they are not the more sought or
better considered for their pains. W ith some honourable
ex ceptions, the highest class is very lik e the lowest; the
mind is as little cultivated in the one as in the other.
Dress mak es the only difference. B ut, in the midst of all this,
there is at bottom a natural cleverness and aptitude, which
shows us what such a nation might become, if the govern.
ment devoted its powers to their mental and moral im.
provement. A s there is little education, one finds more
originality of character than of wit; but the distinguished
men of this country, such as the A bbe Galiani, and
Caraccioli, possessed, it is said, both pleasantry and reflec-
tion,-- rare union, without which either pedantry or frivolity
must prevent men from k nowing the true value of things.
I n some respects the N eapolitans are q uite uncivilised; but
their vulgarity is not lik e that of others; their very gross-
ness strik es the imagination. W e feel that the A frican
shore is near us. There is something N umidian in the
wild cries we hear from all sides. The brown faces, and
dresses of red or purple stuff, whose strong colours catch
the eye, those ragged cloak s, draped so artistically, give
something picturesq ue to the populace, in whom, elsewhere,
we can but mark the steps of civilisation. A certain taste for
ornament is here found, contrasted with a total want of all
that is useful. The shops are deck
some of them have a holyday look
private plenty nor public felicity;
ed with fruit and flowers;
, that belongs neither to
but solely to vivacious
fancy, which fain would feast the eye at any rate. The
mild clime permits all k inds of labourers to work in the
streets. Tailors there- mak e clothes, and cook s pastry, --
these household task s performed out of doors much augment
the action of the scene. S ongs, dances, and noisy sports
accompany this spectacle. There never was a country in
which the difference between amusement and happiness
might be more clearly felt; yet leave the interior for the
q uays, look on the sea, and V esuvius, and you forget all that
you k now of the natives. O swald and Corinne reached
N aples while the eruption still lasted. B y day it sent forth but
a black smok e, which might be confounded with the clouds;
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