This reo markable
document
was almost universally accepted as genuine from the ninth to the fifteenth century" [Coleman, Donation, 1?
A-Companion-to-the-Cantos-of-Ezra-Pound-II
One plan was to go ~'to a uniform ad valo- rem duty of twenty per centum on all dutied articles.
') Those who knew could see this ploy would end in an increase in the tariff.
Benton says: "The introduction of the uni- versal ad valorem the exception.
" The trou- ble would be in hundred of customs officers trying to determine value, which would lead to legal actions: "So that this ad valorem system, besides its great expense, its chance for diversity of opinions among the ap-
praisers, and its openness to corruption, also gave rise to differences among the highest administrative and law officers of the gov- ernment, with resorts to courts of law, in nearly all of which the United States was the loser" [ibid. , 189-190].
187. Wright: Silas W. , 1795? 1847, U. S. sena- tor (1833-1844) and governor of New York (1844? 1846). Benton made a eulogy to the Senate in memory of Wright in which he
said: "His mind was clear and strong. . . . spoke to the head, not to the passions:
In 1844 he left the Senate, to stand for the governorship of New York; and never did his self-sacrificing temper undergo a stronger trial. . . . He liked the Senate: he disliked the governorship. . . . But it was said to him . . . that the State would be lost to Mr. Polk, unless Mr. Wright was associated with him in the canvass: and to this argument he yielded. He stood the canvass for the governorship- carried it-and Mr. Polk with him; and saved
176. mariners.
economic distress of the South vs. the North as partly due to the North's money, ship- ping) international trade) etc. : "continued unequal legislation in Congress; and in- creasing expenditures of the government, chiefly disbursed in the North, and defect of seamen in the South (for mariners cannot be made of slaves), all combined to retain the foreign trade" [TYV, II, 133].
177. Guinicelli: Guido G. [51: 1], a Ghibel- line poet from Bologna who was one of the most important influences on Cavalcanti and Dante. His most famous canzone ("AI Cor gentil ripara sempre Amore") has lines that Wilhelm translates: "Sun beats against the mud the livelong day; / Mud it remains; Sun does not lose its ray;" [JW,Medieval Song, 232; 51:2].
178. MrTyler: [37:39;87:13].
179. Ideogram: [M3016]: "one"; [M3097]: "man. " A rhyme with, "It may depend on one man" [86/563]. In the Shoo
: THB accounted the
. . .
though the indictment against Biddle and his
cohorts led to their arrest, they procured writs of habeas corpus and were "discharged in vacation by judges before whom they were brought. " Benton compares this action with the action involving much smaller bank crimes in London in 1855: "three of the greatest bankers in London are receiving sen- tence of transportation for fourteen years for offences, neither in money nor m-orals, the hundredth part of the ruin and crime perpetrated by our American bank-bearing the name of the United States. " Benton said, "The case presents too strong a contrast . . . to be omitted" So he doesn't: "one of them, Sir 10hn Paul, was a baronet by descent, and allied to some of the mghest nobility of England. He was first cousin to . . . Vicoun- tess Barrington, Lady Bloomfield; and, above all, the honorable Mrs. Villiers. . . . These connections. . . did not save them from a criminal trial and utter disgrace. . . . The defendants appeared in court, attended by Sir Frederick Thesiger . . . and other al- most equally eminent counsel. . . . " Benton thinks of the $30 million misappropriations
182. Vicountess
transportation: Al-
He . . .
? 532
89/600-601
89/601
533
the presidential election of that year" [ibid. , 701].
even became beggared in 1870 by an effort to build a railroad. But his wife gave him constant support. Although he was a contro- versial figure, he became a sort of folk hero by the end of his life and was known as "the Pathfinder. " He finally received a govern- ment pension just before his death. The canto line here refers to the attempt to stop Fremont's expedition because, as he said, "in addition to ordinary arms, I had taken a howitzer with me. " The plot was foiled when his wife didn't forward the dispatch [cf. 120above].
that . . .
"Charlemagne fights the Monopolists; he de? crees a commodity denar, or a grain denar, and the significance escapes six hundred and more economists in a sequence of centuries"
205. "Perche . . . idee): I, "Why in order [do you wish to put your ideas]? " [87:4].
. . .
[Par. XX, 92; Par. XXIV, 66]. Translators
variously render it as "essence" or "quiddity. "
. . .
188. Quiditas
the word "quiditate" twice in the Commedia
: I,
"essence. "
Dante used
. . . Maria Theresia
[86:79].
189. Under head of
ton wrote about the navy's misappropriation of funds, saying that "the disorderly con~ duct of the Navy was notorious" and that its expenses in peace time (1843) were greater than they were during the war with England. Furthermore: "The honorable member
of Georgia]
[Meriwether
under the head of medicine there had been purchased out of the same funds, whiskey, coal, clothing, spirits, harness, stationery, hay, corn, oats, stoves, beef, mutton, fish, bread, charcoal . . . and purchases of all arti- cles were . . . made from particular persons, and double prices paid" [TYV, II, 484-485].
190. 8 . . . 'iOf": H, "of men he saw" rOd. I, 3]. The whole line translates: "and he saw the cities of many men, and knew their minds" [12:7].
191. Fremont . . . : John Charles F. , 1813? 1890, born in Savannah, Ga. , the son of a French refugee. Attended Charleston Col? lege, taught math to naval cadets, and in 1838 was introduced to the West as a mem~ ber of a surveying team. He eloped with Jessie Benton, daughter of THB, who be? came reconciled to him later and helped secure him command of several expeditions-Des Moines River, Rocky Mts. , Oregon, and California. In 1845 when the Mexican War was brewing, he raised the re- volt against the Mexican authorities in Cali- fornia and was court-martialed and found guilty of disobeying orders. President Polk pardoned him and in 1848 he was back on the exploration trail. He served briefly (1850? 1851) as U. S. Senator from California and was even chosen by the RepubHcans as their presidential candidate in 1856. He lost, though he was considered a national hero. From that moment his fortune declined; he
193. der Schwiegersohn: G, "the son? in? law. " After the investigation was over they started to discuss politics. It was the brother-in-law who came in on the conver- sation.
194. "Was sagt er? ": G, "What does he say? "
195. Der Jud will Geld: G, "The Jew wants money. "
210. Wd / [86:8].
have packed
Hamburg . . . :
"medicine"
: Ben?
showed . . . that
by the
192. So
Pound left Rome and traveled north? to Gais to see his daughter, Mary, who was being brought up by Mr. and Mrs. Marcher. The villagers were suspicious of an American from Italy saying he was Mary's father so they formed a committee that came to the Marcher home to ask questions. The Mar- chers were frightened of men entering with rifles [M de R. , Discretions, 190? 192].
203. Hansa: Del Mar: "far more impor? tant . . . was the Hansa established at a very
204. forged Donation . . . : The Donation o f Constantine is one of the most famous forg- eries employed in the struggles for power between the Eastern and Western empires. Written around the mid 8th century, it be~
came incorporated as a part of the Pseudo~ Isidorian Decretals and thence, in part, got into most medieval collections of canon law. The Donation purports that "Constantine the Great, reciting his baptism and the cure of his leprosy at the hands of Sylvester, Bishop of Rome 314? 336, confirmed the privilege of that pontiff as head of all the
clergy and supreme over the other four patri- archates . . . it tells how he, Constantine, re- cognized the superior dignity of the Pope by holding the bridle of his horse. . . .
This reo markable document was almost universally accepted as genuine from the ninth to the fifteenth century" [Coleman, Donation, 1? 2]. Del Mar believes the forgery was the Latin bishop's attempt to wrest authority from both Charlemagne and the basileus in
the East: the documents "purported to be a donation from Constantine I, to the Bishop of Rome, of both the spiritual and temporal dominion of the western world" [Middle Ages Revisited, 200? 201].
Geld:
After
Sept. 1943
196. "Neither . . .
"gists" under the heading "LAW" says: "The right aim of law is to prevent coercion either by force or fraud" [SP, 355].
197. lI. efW1) . . . jury: H, "Athena" [87 :40j.
198. Ideogram: Tuan [M6541], "principles; doctrines. " The four basic cornerstones of Confucianism: "love, duty, propriety, wis- dom" [85:33].
199. Ideogram: Chen [M346], "upright. "
200. ataraxia: L, "undisturbed in mind or by passion. "
201. From Charlemagne's . . . : Said Pound:
211. young Windsor: [86:47].
212. Image (Selwyn): A well? known literary figure in Pound's early years in London who talked to him about Paris, "Old Verlaine," stained glass, and presumably Ruskin. In a letter home, 21 Feb. 1909, he said, "I think the Shakespears and Selwyn Image are about the most worth while out of the lot I have come across" [NS, Life, 94].
? 213. Ruskin: John R. , 1819? 1900, whose writings, such as The Political Economy of Art (1857), would be certain to interest Pound [see Robert Faulkner Casillo, "The Para11el Design in John Ruskin and Ezra Pound," Ph. D. dissertation, Johns Hopkins,
1978, University Microfilms International 78? 6240].
214. Tasso: Torquato T. , 1544? 1595, Italian poet, author of Jerusalem Delivered (1575).
fraud:
One of
Pound's
[GK,47].
. . . was Austria. . . .
we11? founded
tion,23].
specie
[Money and
. . .
sively used in
Besides furthering trade relations, the advan- tages of the coin itself were very helpful for its distribution. . . . The picture of the Em? press . . . was artistically valuable . . . . Until recently, Austria provided parts of Africa with newly minted Maria Theresia thalers, and only last year [1935] . . . they were in circulation in Abyssinia" (Maria Theresia,
347? 348; cf. 226 below].
207. The Emperor's furrow: [53:122; 86:78].
208. Antoninus: [46:42; 78:56; GK, 40-41].
209. Rock Drill: Pound took the name from a review by Wyndham Lewis entitled "The Rock. Drill," which Lewis quite likely de? rived from an Epstein sculpture [Korg, Pai, 4? 2 & 3, 301? 313].
202. Venice
tory of Venice commences with the reo- pening of the Suez route to India" After that its commerce developed because of
: Del Mar
his?
Civiliza?
said: "The
pagan Goths. . . . The
early epoch
Christian Hansa was the earliest trade cor- poration" [Del Mar, HMS, 264? 265]. The point common to all three names is that the power to issue legal tender or specie should belong to the state: "Gold was under the Pontifex" [cf. 79 above and 231 below].
206. Thalers
says: "The coin which was known as the
Belgium:
Morris
[sic] thaler trading outside
exten?
? 534
89/601-602
89/602
535
A blow on the head inflicted by an angry courtier rendered him recurrently insane and he was hospitalized for the rest of his life.
215. Kidd: Prob. Thomas Kyd, 1558? 1594, English dramatist. For alleged unorthodox religious views, he was arrested and tortured.
216. Raleigh: Sir Walter R. , 15527? 1618, English soldier, explorer, courtier, and man of letters. In and out of favor with Queen Elizabeth, he was imprisoned in the Tower in 1592. With the accession of James I, he Was persona non grata for years. Convicted of treason and sentenced to death, he was reprieved to spend over 10 years in the Tower. He was released in 1616 to make another voyage to the Oronoco in search of gold with specific instructions not to aid the cause of Savoy against Spain. But he cap- tured a Spanish town, and on his return was executed at the demand of the Spanish am? bassador who had great influence because the question of marriage between the In- fanta of Spain and James's son Charles was being explored.
217. My father . . . window: Elizabeth Ben? ton Fremont wrote: "From the balcony of our Paris house we witnessed the triumphant entry of . . . Napoleon III, as the Emperor of the French" Napoleon III had ordered that no guard should surround him on his entry, saying "If I die at the hands of an assassin, I die alone! " The problem for the police was a difficult one, but they obtained the names of all people expected to be on the route. General Fremont gave his list of names, but was surprised when uninvited guests showed up. He gave those names to the police at the last minute: "detectives were sent to guard the unbidden guests . . . and thus a delicate sHuation was safely mastered. " Said the General: "If there is to be any shooting it must not be done from my home" [Fre? mont,Recoliections 54. 56].
218. My grandfather . . . : Elizabeth B. Fre? mont (Benton's granddaughter) makes no mention of Morse or his telegraph, but Ben? ton says: "Dr. Franklin first broached the idea of using electricity for communicating
intelligence: Professor Morse gave practical application to his idea. " And Jessie Fre? mont, Benton's daughter, wrote: "living close by were the Ellsworths, who were 'friends indeed' to Mr. Morse in the hard days when he could not get his idea of the electric telegraph launched. He was laughed at in Congress; his money gave out; his health was going, he was so worn out that his dead? white face and brilliant hollow eyes startled one. . . these ladies went among their friends whose husbands were in Con- gress and made them understand . . . and now it girdles the earth" [Jessie Fremont,
Senator Lloyd of Mass. stood ready to duel to the death. Said MVB, "The Senate at this
trol was lost. Said Del Mar: "In 1268, owing to the severity of the taxes . . . particularly the corn duties, a bread riot occurred in Venice, and though the republic was in great financial distress, the obnoxious imposts
Souvenirs, 61; 34:88].
219. "Pige? moi . . . carthaginois:
223. "on above ] .
borrowed
capital . . .
: [cf. 63
F, "Just look at the character, said old Gustav, who will paint you a Carthaginian easy chair. " "Old Gustav" is Flaubert, author of Sal-
224. Judge Marshall: [37:67].
ammbb, a roman de Carthage.
220. Henry J. had Coburn: Said Coburn: "it was my unique privilege in 1906? 1907 to provide the fron. tispieces for each of the twenty-four volumes of the collected edition of Henry James' works" [Alvin Langdon Co? burn: Photographer, 52].
221. I need add nothing . . . : Said MVB: "I entered the Senate . . . at the commence- ment of Mr. Monroe's second Presidential Term [1821]. John Gaillard, of South Caro? lina, was then, as he had been for many years, President pro tern of that body. I need add nothing to the eloquent description given of his character by Col. Benton . . . except the expression of my full concur- rence in what has been so well said" [MVB, Auto,115].
. . .
praisers, and its openness to corruption, also gave rise to differences among the highest administrative and law officers of the gov- ernment, with resorts to courts of law, in nearly all of which the United States was the loser" [ibid. , 189-190].
187. Wright: Silas W. , 1795? 1847, U. S. sena- tor (1833-1844) and governor of New York (1844? 1846). Benton made a eulogy to the Senate in memory of Wright in which he
said: "His mind was clear and strong. . . . spoke to the head, not to the passions:
In 1844 he left the Senate, to stand for the governorship of New York; and never did his self-sacrificing temper undergo a stronger trial. . . . He liked the Senate: he disliked the governorship. . . . But it was said to him . . . that the State would be lost to Mr. Polk, unless Mr. Wright was associated with him in the canvass: and to this argument he yielded. He stood the canvass for the governorship- carried it-and Mr. Polk with him; and saved
176. mariners.
economic distress of the South vs. the North as partly due to the North's money, ship- ping) international trade) etc. : "continued unequal legislation in Congress; and in- creasing expenditures of the government, chiefly disbursed in the North, and defect of seamen in the South (for mariners cannot be made of slaves), all combined to retain the foreign trade" [TYV, II, 133].
177. Guinicelli: Guido G. [51: 1], a Ghibel- line poet from Bologna who was one of the most important influences on Cavalcanti and Dante. His most famous canzone ("AI Cor gentil ripara sempre Amore") has lines that Wilhelm translates: "Sun beats against the mud the livelong day; / Mud it remains; Sun does not lose its ray;" [JW,Medieval Song, 232; 51:2].
178. MrTyler: [37:39;87:13].
179. Ideogram: [M3016]: "one"; [M3097]: "man. " A rhyme with, "It may depend on one man" [86/563]. In the Shoo
: THB accounted the
. . .
though the indictment against Biddle and his
cohorts led to their arrest, they procured writs of habeas corpus and were "discharged in vacation by judges before whom they were brought. " Benton compares this action with the action involving much smaller bank crimes in London in 1855: "three of the greatest bankers in London are receiving sen- tence of transportation for fourteen years for offences, neither in money nor m-orals, the hundredth part of the ruin and crime perpetrated by our American bank-bearing the name of the United States. " Benton said, "The case presents too strong a contrast . . . to be omitted" So he doesn't: "one of them, Sir 10hn Paul, was a baronet by descent, and allied to some of the mghest nobility of England. He was first cousin to . . . Vicoun- tess Barrington, Lady Bloomfield; and, above all, the honorable Mrs. Villiers. . . . These connections. . . did not save them from a criminal trial and utter disgrace. . . . The defendants appeared in court, attended by Sir Frederick Thesiger . . . and other al- most equally eminent counsel. . . . " Benton thinks of the $30 million misappropriations
182. Vicountess
transportation: Al-
He . . .
? 532
89/600-601
89/601
533
the presidential election of that year" [ibid. , 701].
even became beggared in 1870 by an effort to build a railroad. But his wife gave him constant support. Although he was a contro- versial figure, he became a sort of folk hero by the end of his life and was known as "the Pathfinder. " He finally received a govern- ment pension just before his death. The canto line here refers to the attempt to stop Fremont's expedition because, as he said, "in addition to ordinary arms, I had taken a howitzer with me. " The plot was foiled when his wife didn't forward the dispatch [cf. 120above].
that . . .
"Charlemagne fights the Monopolists; he de? crees a commodity denar, or a grain denar, and the significance escapes six hundred and more economists in a sequence of centuries"
205. "Perche . . . idee): I, "Why in order [do you wish to put your ideas]? " [87:4].
. . .
[Par. XX, 92; Par. XXIV, 66]. Translators
variously render it as "essence" or "quiddity. "
. . .
188. Quiditas
the word "quiditate" twice in the Commedia
: I,
"essence. "
Dante used
. . . Maria Theresia
[86:79].
189. Under head of
ton wrote about the navy's misappropriation of funds, saying that "the disorderly con~ duct of the Navy was notorious" and that its expenses in peace time (1843) were greater than they were during the war with England. Furthermore: "The honorable member
of Georgia]
[Meriwether
under the head of medicine there had been purchased out of the same funds, whiskey, coal, clothing, spirits, harness, stationery, hay, corn, oats, stoves, beef, mutton, fish, bread, charcoal . . . and purchases of all arti- cles were . . . made from particular persons, and double prices paid" [TYV, II, 484-485].
190. 8 . . . 'iOf": H, "of men he saw" rOd. I, 3]. The whole line translates: "and he saw the cities of many men, and knew their minds" [12:7].
191. Fremont . . . : John Charles F. , 1813? 1890, born in Savannah, Ga. , the son of a French refugee. Attended Charleston Col? lege, taught math to naval cadets, and in 1838 was introduced to the West as a mem~ ber of a surveying team. He eloped with Jessie Benton, daughter of THB, who be? came reconciled to him later and helped secure him command of several expeditions-Des Moines River, Rocky Mts. , Oregon, and California. In 1845 when the Mexican War was brewing, he raised the re- volt against the Mexican authorities in Cali- fornia and was court-martialed and found guilty of disobeying orders. President Polk pardoned him and in 1848 he was back on the exploration trail. He served briefly (1850? 1851) as U. S. Senator from California and was even chosen by the RepubHcans as their presidential candidate in 1856. He lost, though he was considered a national hero. From that moment his fortune declined; he
193. der Schwiegersohn: G, "the son? in? law. " After the investigation was over they started to discuss politics. It was the brother-in-law who came in on the conver- sation.
194. "Was sagt er? ": G, "What does he say? "
195. Der Jud will Geld: G, "The Jew wants money. "
210. Wd / [86:8].
have packed
Hamburg . . . :
"medicine"
: Ben?
showed . . . that
by the
192. So
Pound left Rome and traveled north? to Gais to see his daughter, Mary, who was being brought up by Mr. and Mrs. Marcher. The villagers were suspicious of an American from Italy saying he was Mary's father so they formed a committee that came to the Marcher home to ask questions. The Mar- chers were frightened of men entering with rifles [M de R. , Discretions, 190? 192].
203. Hansa: Del Mar: "far more impor? tant . . . was the Hansa established at a very
204. forged Donation . . . : The Donation o f Constantine is one of the most famous forg- eries employed in the struggles for power between the Eastern and Western empires. Written around the mid 8th century, it be~
came incorporated as a part of the Pseudo~ Isidorian Decretals and thence, in part, got into most medieval collections of canon law. The Donation purports that "Constantine the Great, reciting his baptism and the cure of his leprosy at the hands of Sylvester, Bishop of Rome 314? 336, confirmed the privilege of that pontiff as head of all the
clergy and supreme over the other four patri- archates . . . it tells how he, Constantine, re- cognized the superior dignity of the Pope by holding the bridle of his horse. . . .
This reo markable document was almost universally accepted as genuine from the ninth to the fifteenth century" [Coleman, Donation, 1? 2]. Del Mar believes the forgery was the Latin bishop's attempt to wrest authority from both Charlemagne and the basileus in
the East: the documents "purported to be a donation from Constantine I, to the Bishop of Rome, of both the spiritual and temporal dominion of the western world" [Middle Ages Revisited, 200? 201].
Geld:
After
Sept. 1943
196. "Neither . . .
"gists" under the heading "LAW" says: "The right aim of law is to prevent coercion either by force or fraud" [SP, 355].
197. lI. efW1) . . . jury: H, "Athena" [87 :40j.
198. Ideogram: Tuan [M6541], "principles; doctrines. " The four basic cornerstones of Confucianism: "love, duty, propriety, wis- dom" [85:33].
199. Ideogram: Chen [M346], "upright. "
200. ataraxia: L, "undisturbed in mind or by passion. "
201. From Charlemagne's . . . : Said Pound:
211. young Windsor: [86:47].
212. Image (Selwyn): A well? known literary figure in Pound's early years in London who talked to him about Paris, "Old Verlaine," stained glass, and presumably Ruskin. In a letter home, 21 Feb. 1909, he said, "I think the Shakespears and Selwyn Image are about the most worth while out of the lot I have come across" [NS, Life, 94].
? 213. Ruskin: John R. , 1819? 1900, whose writings, such as The Political Economy of Art (1857), would be certain to interest Pound [see Robert Faulkner Casillo, "The Para11el Design in John Ruskin and Ezra Pound," Ph. D. dissertation, Johns Hopkins,
1978, University Microfilms International 78? 6240].
214. Tasso: Torquato T. , 1544? 1595, Italian poet, author of Jerusalem Delivered (1575).
fraud:
One of
Pound's
[GK,47].
. . . was Austria. . . .
we11? founded
tion,23].
specie
[Money and
. . .
sively used in
Besides furthering trade relations, the advan- tages of the coin itself were very helpful for its distribution. . . . The picture of the Em? press . . . was artistically valuable . . . . Until recently, Austria provided parts of Africa with newly minted Maria Theresia thalers, and only last year [1935] . . . they were in circulation in Abyssinia" (Maria Theresia,
347? 348; cf. 226 below].
207. The Emperor's furrow: [53:122; 86:78].
208. Antoninus: [46:42; 78:56; GK, 40-41].
209. Rock Drill: Pound took the name from a review by Wyndham Lewis entitled "The Rock. Drill," which Lewis quite likely de? rived from an Epstein sculpture [Korg, Pai, 4? 2 & 3, 301? 313].
202. Venice
tory of Venice commences with the reo- pening of the Suez route to India" After that its commerce developed because of
: Del Mar
his?
Civiliza?
said: "The
pagan Goths. . . . The
early epoch
Christian Hansa was the earliest trade cor- poration" [Del Mar, HMS, 264? 265]. The point common to all three names is that the power to issue legal tender or specie should belong to the state: "Gold was under the Pontifex" [cf. 79 above and 231 below].
206. Thalers
says: "The coin which was known as the
Belgium:
Morris
[sic] thaler trading outside
exten?
? 534
89/601-602
89/602
535
A blow on the head inflicted by an angry courtier rendered him recurrently insane and he was hospitalized for the rest of his life.
215. Kidd: Prob. Thomas Kyd, 1558? 1594, English dramatist. For alleged unorthodox religious views, he was arrested and tortured.
216. Raleigh: Sir Walter R. , 15527? 1618, English soldier, explorer, courtier, and man of letters. In and out of favor with Queen Elizabeth, he was imprisoned in the Tower in 1592. With the accession of James I, he Was persona non grata for years. Convicted of treason and sentenced to death, he was reprieved to spend over 10 years in the Tower. He was released in 1616 to make another voyage to the Oronoco in search of gold with specific instructions not to aid the cause of Savoy against Spain. But he cap- tured a Spanish town, and on his return was executed at the demand of the Spanish am? bassador who had great influence because the question of marriage between the In- fanta of Spain and James's son Charles was being explored.
217. My father . . . window: Elizabeth Ben? ton Fremont wrote: "From the balcony of our Paris house we witnessed the triumphant entry of . . . Napoleon III, as the Emperor of the French" Napoleon III had ordered that no guard should surround him on his entry, saying "If I die at the hands of an assassin, I die alone! " The problem for the police was a difficult one, but they obtained the names of all people expected to be on the route. General Fremont gave his list of names, but was surprised when uninvited guests showed up. He gave those names to the police at the last minute: "detectives were sent to guard the unbidden guests . . . and thus a delicate sHuation was safely mastered. " Said the General: "If there is to be any shooting it must not be done from my home" [Fre? mont,Recoliections 54. 56].
218. My grandfather . . . : Elizabeth B. Fre? mont (Benton's granddaughter) makes no mention of Morse or his telegraph, but Ben? ton says: "Dr. Franklin first broached the idea of using electricity for communicating
intelligence: Professor Morse gave practical application to his idea. " And Jessie Fre? mont, Benton's daughter, wrote: "living close by were the Ellsworths, who were 'friends indeed' to Mr. Morse in the hard days when he could not get his idea of the electric telegraph launched. He was laughed at in Congress; his money gave out; his health was going, he was so worn out that his dead? white face and brilliant hollow eyes startled one. . . these ladies went among their friends whose husbands were in Con- gress and made them understand . . . and now it girdles the earth" [Jessie Fremont,
Senator Lloyd of Mass. stood ready to duel to the death. Said MVB, "The Senate at this
trol was lost. Said Del Mar: "In 1268, owing to the severity of the taxes . . . particularly the corn duties, a bread riot occurred in Venice, and though the republic was in great financial distress, the obnoxious imposts
Souvenirs, 61; 34:88].
219. "Pige? moi . . . carthaginois:
223. "on above ] .
borrowed
capital . . .
: [cf. 63
F, "Just look at the character, said old Gustav, who will paint you a Carthaginian easy chair. " "Old Gustav" is Flaubert, author of Sal-
224. Judge Marshall: [37:67].
ammbb, a roman de Carthage.
220. Henry J. had Coburn: Said Coburn: "it was my unique privilege in 1906? 1907 to provide the fron. tispieces for each of the twenty-four volumes of the collected edition of Henry James' works" [Alvin Langdon Co? burn: Photographer, 52].
221. I need add nothing . . . : Said MVB: "I entered the Senate . . . at the commence- ment of Mr. Monroe's second Presidential Term [1821]. John Gaillard, of South Caro? lina, was then, as he had been for many years, President pro tern of that body. I need add nothing to the eloquent description given of his character by Col. Benton . . . except the expression of my full concur- rence in what has been so well said" [MVB, Auto,115].
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