Grandson of the preceding, and son of the
account he is vehemently attacked by Cicero.
account he is vehemently attacked by Cicero.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
The interpre-
the agitation of the Licinian laws. (Liv. vi. 32, 36; tation of the inscription on the obverse, 1111. VIR.
Diod. xv. 61, 77. )
PRI. FL. , is not certain. We know that Julius
9. L. VETURIUS L. f. Sp. n. Crassus CICURINUS, Caesar increased the number of the superintendents
consular tribune two years successively, B. c. 368, of the mint from three to four, and it has therefore
367, in the latter of which years the Licinian laws been supposed that this Flanıinius Chilo was one
were carried. (Liv. vi. 38, 42. )
of the first four superintendents appointed by Cae-
CIDA'RIA (Kıõapía), a surname of the Eleusi sar, and that the above letters refer to this, being
nian Demeter at Pheneus, in Arcadia, derived equivalent to III l'ir primus fundue monetae. (ic-
either from an Arcadian dance called kíðapıs, or khel, v. pp. 212, 213. )
from a royal head-dress of the same name. (Paus.
viii. 15. § 1. )
[L. S. )
CILIX (King), a son of Agenor and Telephassa.
He and his brothers Cadmus and Phoenix were
sent out by their father in search of Europa, who
had been carried off by Zeus. Cilix settled in the
FLAMINS
country which derived from him the name of Cili-
ZHILO
cia. He is called the father of Thasus and Thebe.
(Herod. vii 91; Apollod. i. 1. $ 1; Hygin. Fab.
178; Diod. v. 49. )
[L. S. ] CILO, JU’NIUS, procurator of Pontus in the
CILLA (Kína), a daughter of Laomedon and reign of Claudius, brought the Bosporan Mithri-
Placia or Leucippe, and a sister of Priam. At the dates to Rome in A. D. 50, and received after-
time when Hecabe was pregnant with Paris, the wards the consular insignia. (Tac. Ann. xii. 21. )
Beer Aesacus declared that mother and child must | Dion Cassius speaks (1x. 33) of him as governor of
be put to death in order to avert a great calamity; Bithynia, and relates an amusing tale respecting
but Priam, who referred this prophetic declaration him. The Bithynians came before Claudius to
to Cilla and her son Menippus by Thymoetus, complain of Cilo haring taken bribes, but as the
made them suffer instead of Hecabe and Paris. emperor could not hear them on account of the
(Apollod. iii. 12. $ 8; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 224. )[L. S. ) noise, he asked those standing by his side what
CILLAS or CILLUS (Kimas or Kiados), the they said. Narcissus thereupon told him that they
charioteer of Pelops, whose real name, according to were returning thanks to Cilo, upon which Clau-
a Troezenian tradition, was Sphaerus. His tomb dius appoirted him to the government of the pro-
was shewn near the town of Cilla in the neigh. vince for two years longer.
bourhood of the temple of Apollo. (Paus. v. 10. CILO, or CHILO, P. MA'GIUS, murdered at
8 2 ; Strab. xiii. p. 613. )
[L. S. ) Peiraeeus, in B. C. 45, M. Claudius Marcellus, who
CI'LNII, a powerful family in the Etruscan had been consul in 51, and killed himself imme-
town of Arretium, who seem to have been usually diately afterwards. Cílo was a friend and client of
firm supporters of the Roman interests. They were Marcellus and a rumour was circulated at the time
driven out of their native town in B. C. 301, byl by Caesar's enemies, that the dictator had instigated
the party opposed to them, but were restored bj l him to commit the murder. Brutus wrote to Cicero
SI VIX
assesso
## p. 749 (#769) ############################################
CIMBER.
749
CIMON.
3
Cypselus T
T Stesagoras I.
to defend Caesar from this charge. The real motive CIMBER, P. GABI'NIUS, one of the Catili.
for the crime seems to have been, that Marcellus narian conspirators, B. C. 63. (Cic. in Cat. iii. 3,
refused to advance Cilo a sum of money to relieve 5, 6, iv. 6. )
him from his embarrassments. (Cic. ad Atl. xii. 10, CIMBER, L. TI'LLIUS (not Tullius), one of
ad Fam. iv. 12. ) Valerius Maximus (ix. ll. $ 4) the murderers of Caesar, B. C. 44. When Caesar
says, that Cilo had served under Pompey, and first became supreme, Cimber was one of his
that he was indignant at Marcellus preferring an- warmest supporters (Cic. Philipp. ii. ll; Senec.
other friend to hiin. Livy (Epit. 115) calls him de Ira, iii. 30); and we find Cicero making use of
Cn. Magius.
his influence with the Dictator in behalf of a
CILO SEPTIMIANUS, L. FA'BIUS, to friend (Ad Fam. vi. 12). He was rewarded
whom an inscription quoted by Tillemont after with the province of Bithynia. But for some
Onuphrius Panvinius gives the names Catinius reason (Seneca says from disappointed hopes) he
Acilianus Lepidus Fulginianus, was consul in A. D. joined the conspirators. On the fatal day, Cimber
193 and 204, and was the chosen friend of Sep-
was foremost in the ranks, under pretence of pre-
timius Severus, by whom he was appointed praesenting a petition to Caesar praying for his brother's
fect of the city and tutor to his two sons. Having recall from exile. Caesar motioned him away;
endeavoured to mediate between the brothers, he and Cimber then, seizing the Dictator's gown with
incurred the hatred of the elder, who after the both hands drew it over his neck, so as to pull
murder of Geta gave orders that the man who had him forward. After the assassination, Cimber
ever acted towards him the part of a father, and went to his province and raised a fleet, with which
whom he had often addressed by that title, should (if we may believe the author of the Pseudo-Bru-
be included in the massacre which followed. The tus Epistles to Cicero, i. 6) he defeated Dolabella.
soldiers hastened to the mansion of Cilo, and after When Cassius and Brutus marched into Macedo
plundering it of all the costly furniture and other nia, Cimber co-operated with the fleet, and appears
precious effects, dragged him from the bath, com- to have done good service. (Appian, B. C. iv. 102,
pelled him to walk through the streets in his 105. ) He was a bold active man, but addicted to
wooden slippers and a single scanty garment, wine and riotous living, so that he asked jokingly,
buffeting him as they hurried along with the in- Ego quemquam ferum, qui vinum ferre non possum?
tention of putting him to death when they should (Senec. Epist
. 83. 11. )
(H. G. L. ]
have reached the palace. This gratuitous cruelty CIMON (Kiuwv). 1. Nicknamed from his sil-
proved his salvation. For the populace, beholding liness Koáreuos (Plut. Cim. 4), will be best de-
one whom they had been wont to honour treated scribed by the following table.
with such indignity, began to murmur, and were
the same wife
joined by the city-guards. A tumult was immi-
nent, when Caracalla canie forth to meet the mob,
Miltiades I.
Cimon I.
and partly through fear, partly perhaps touched (Herod. vi. 35. )
for a moment with compunction, threw his own
cloak over the shoulders of his former preceptor,
once more addressed him as father and master,
Stesagoras II.
Miltiades II.
gave orders that the tribune and his attendants
(Her. vi. 38. ) (The victor at Marathon. )
who had been sent to perpetrate the crime should
Married Hegesiprle, the
themselves be put to death, not, says Dion, because
daughter of Olorus, a
they bad wished to slay their victim, but because
Thracian king.
they had failed to do so, and continued to treat
him with the outward semblance at least of re-
spect. The only other anecdote preserved with
regard to Cilo is, that he saved the life of Macrinus
Cimon II.
Elpinice.
at the time when the latter was upon the point of He was banished by Peisistratus from Athens,
sharing the fate of Plautianus (PLAUTIANUS), and during his banishment won two Olympic
whose agent he was, and thus the destruction of victories with his four-horse chariot. He allowed
Caracalla was indirectly hastened by the friend Peisistratus to be proclaimed victor at the second,
and benefactor whom he had sought to destroy. and was in consequence suffered to return to
(Dion Cass. lxxvii. 4, lxxviii. 11; Spartian. Cara- Athens. But when after the death of Peisistratus
aull. 4; Aurel. Vict. Epit. 20. ) [W. R. ] he gained another Olympic victory with the same
CIMBER, C. A'NNIUS, the son of Lysidicus, horses, he was secretly murdered by order of the
had obtained the praetorship from Caesar, and was
sons of the tyrant. (Herod. vi. 103. )
one of Antony's supporters in B. C. 43, on which 2.
Grandson of the preceding, and son of the
account he is vehemently attacked by Cicero. He great Miltiades, is mentioned in Herodotus as pay-
was charged with baving killed his brother, whence ing his father's fine and capturing Eïon. (vi. 136,
Cicero calls him ironically Philadelphus, and per- vii. 107. ) This latter event, the baitle of Eury-
petrates the pun Nisi forie jure Germanum Cimber medon, the expedition in aid of Spartim and his
occidit, that is, “ unless perchance he has a right death in Cyprus, are the only occasions in which
to kill his own countryman,” as Cimber is the he is expressly named by his relation, Thucydides ;
name of a German people, and Germanus signifies whose summary, moreover, of the history of this
in Latin both a German and a brother. (Cic. period leaves us by its briefness necessarily depen-
Phil. xiii. 12, xi. 6; Quintil. viii. 3. & 27; comp. dent for much on the additional authorities, which
Cic. ad Att. xv. 13; Suet. Aug. 86. ) Cimber form the somewhat heterogeneous basis of Plu-
was an orator, a poet, and an historian, but his tarch's biography. We find here the valuable con-
merits were of a low order, and he is ridiculed by temporary recollections of Ion of Chios (cc. 5. 9),
Virgil in an epigram preserved by Quintilian (1. c. ). and the almost worthless contemporary gossip and
(Huschke, De C. Annio Cimbro, Rostoch. 1824. ) scandal of the Thasian Stesimbrotus: some little
## p. 750 (#770) ############################################
750
CIMON.
CIMON.
also from the poets of the time, Crtinus, Melan- | be doubtful. (Comp. Plut. Arist. 25, Then. 24. )
thius, and Archelaus. He seems to have followed The year B. G 466 (according to Clinton ; Krüger
Thucydides, though not very strictly, as a guide in and others persist in placing it earlier) saw the
general, while he filled up the details from the completion of his glory. In the command of the
later historians, perhaps from Theopompus more allied forces on the Asiatic coast he met a Persian
than from Ephorus, whose account, as followed feet of 350 ships, attacked them, captured 200,
probably hy Diodorus (xi. 60), differs materially. and following the fugitives to the shore, by the
He appears to have also used Callisthenes, Cratinus, river Eurymedon, in a second and obstinate en-
Phanodemus, Diodorus Periegetes, Gorgias, and gagement on the same day, routed the land arma-
Nausicrates ; Aristotle, Eupolis, Aristophanes, and ment; indeed, according to Plutarch, he crowned
Critias.
his victory before night by the defcat of a rein-
On the death of Miltiades, probably in B. c. forcement of 80 Phoenician ships. (Plu:. Cim. 12;
489, Cimon, we are told by Diodorus (Excerpta. Thuc. i. 100 ; Diod. xi. 60, with Wesseling's note. )
p. 255), in order to obtain the corpse for burial, His next achievement was the cxpulsion of the
took his father's place in prison till his fine of Persians from the Chersonese, and the subjection
50 talents should be paid. (Miltiades. ] It ap of the territory to Athenis, accompanied perhaps
pears, however, certnin (see Dem. c. Androt. p. with the recovery of his own patrimony. The
603) that the arruía, if not the imprisonment, effect of these victories was doubtless very great;
of the public debtor was legally inherited by they crushed perhaps a last aggressive movement,
the son, and Cornelius Nepos, whose life comes and fixed Persia finally in a defensive position.
in many parts from Theopompus, states the con- In later times it was believed, though on evidence,
finement to have been compulsory. The fine as was shewn by Callisthenes, quite insufficient,
was eventually paid by Callias on his marriage that they had been succeeded by a treaty (the
with Elpinice, Cimon's sister. (Callias, No. 2, famous peace of Cimon) negotiated through Callias,
p. 567, b. ) A more difficult point is the previous and containing in its alleged conditions the most
connexion and even marriage of Cimon with this humiliating concessions. They placed Cimon at
sister or half-sister, which was recorded by nume- the height of his power and glory, the chief of that
rous writers, but after all was very probably the empire which his character had gained for Athens,
scandal of Stesimbrotus and the comedians. (Eupo and which his policy towards the allies was ren-
lis, ap. Plut. Cim. 15, comp. 4; Nepos, Cim. 1; dering daily firmer and completer. Themistocles,
Athen. xiii. p. 589. ) Nor, again, can we very a banished man, may perhaps hare witnessed his
much rely on the statement which Plutarch in- Asiatic triumphs in sorrow; the death of Aristeides
troduces at this time, that he and Themistocles had left him sole possessor of the influence they
vied with each other at the Olympian games in had hitherto jointly exercised : nor had time yet
the splendour of their equipments and banquets. matured the opposition of Pericles. (Plut. Cin. 13,
(Plut. Themist. 5. ) It is more credible that his 14. ) Still the loss of the old friend and the ra-
first occasion of attracting notice and admiration pidly increasing influence of the new opponent
was the forwardness with which, when the city rendered his position precarious.
in B. C. 480 was to be deserted, he led up to The chronology of the events that follow is
the citadel a company of young men to offer henceforth in most points disputed ; according
to the goddess their now unserviceable bridles. to Clinton's view, which cannot hastily be de
(Plut. Cim. 5. ) After the battle of Plataea, serted, the revolt of Thasos took place in 465;
Aristeides brought him forward. They were in 463 Cimon reduced it; in the year interven-
placed together in 477 at the head of the Athenian ing occurred the earthquake and insurrection at
contingent to the Greek armament, under the Sparta, and in consequence, upon Cimon's urgent
supreme command of Pausanias. Cimon shared appeal, one if not two (Plut. Cim. 16; comp.
the glory of transferring that supremacy to Athens, Aristoph. Lysistr. 1137) expeditions were sent
and in the first employment of it reduced the Per- from Athens, under his command, to assist the
sian garrison at Eion, and opened the important Spartans. In these occurrences were found the
district in the neighbourhood for Athenian coloni- means for his humiliation. During the siege of
zation. (Plut. Cim. 6; Herod. vii. 107; Thuc. i. 98; | Thasos, the Athenian colonists on the Strymon
Nepos, Cim. 2; Schol. ad Aesch. de Fals. Leg. p. were cut off by the Thracians, and Cimon seems
755, &c. , ed. Reiske; Clinton, F. H. ii. App. ix. ) to have been expected, after his victory there, to
In honour of this conquest he received from his coun- retrieve this disaster : and, neglecting to do so, he
trymen the distinction, at that time unprecedented, was on his return brought to trial; but the accu-
of having three busts of Hermes erected, inscribed sation of having taken bribes from Alexander of
with triumphal verses, but without mention of the Macedon, was, by Pericles at any rate, not strongly
names of the generals. (Plut. Cim. 6 ; Aesch. c. urged, and the result was an acquittal. The ter-
Ciesip! . p. 573, ed. Reiske. )
p
In 476, apparently mination of his Lacedaemonian policy in the jea-
under his conduct, the piratical Dolopians were lous and insulting dismissal of their Athenian
expelled from Scyros, and a colony planted in their auxiliaries by the Spartans, and the consequent
room ; and the remains of Theseus discovered rupture between the two states was a more serious
there, were thence transported, probably after some blow to his popularity. And the victory of his
years' interval (B. C. 468) with great pomp to opponents was decided when Ephialtes and Peri-
Athens. (Plut. Cim. 8 ; Paus. i. 17. $ 6, iii. 3. $ 6. ) cles, after a serere struggle, carried their measure
The reduction of Carystus and Naxos was, for reducing the authority of the aristocratic Areio-
most likely, effected under bis command (Thuc. i. pagus. Upon this it would seem his ostracism
98); and at this period he was doubtless in war ensued. Soon after its commencement (B. C. 457)
and politics his country's chief citizen. His co- a Lacedaemonian army, probably to meet the views
adjutor at home would be Aristeides ; how far he of a violent section of the defeated party in Athens,
contributed to the banishment of Themistocles may | posted itself at Tanagra. The Athenians advanced
## p. 751 (#771) ############################################
CIMON.
751
CINADON.
a
to meet it : Cimon requested permission to fight | edited in an useful form by Arnold Ekker, Utrecht,
in his place; the generals in suspicion refused : he 1843, in which references will be found to other
departed, begging his own friends to vindicate his illustrative works. )
(A. H. C. ]
character : they, in number a hundred, placed in the CIMON. 1. Or Cleonac, a painter of great
ensuing battle his panoply among them, and fell renown, praised by Pliny (11. N. xxxv. 3+) and
around it to the last man. Before five years of Aclian. (V. II. viii. 8. ) It is difficult to ascer-
his exile were fully out, B. C. 453 or 454, he was tain, from Pliny's obscure words, wherein the
recalled on the motion of Pericles himself; late peculiar merits of Cimon consisted: it is certain,
reverses having inclined the people to tranquillity however, that he was not satisfied with drawing
in Greece, and the democratic leaders perhaps simply the outlines of his figures, such as we sce
being ready, in fear of more unscrupulous oppo- in the oldest painted vases, but that he also repre-
nents, to make concessions to those of them who sented limbs, veins, and the folds of garments.
were patriotic and temperate. He was probably He invented the Catugrapha, that is, not the pro-
employed in effecting the five years' truce with file, according to the common interpretation (Cay-
Sparta which commenced in 450. In the next lus, Mém. de l'Acad. vol. xxv. p. 265), but the
year he sailed out with 200 ships to Cyprus, with various positions of figures, as they appear when
the view of retrieving the late mishaps in Egypt. looking upwards, downwards, and side ways; and
Here, while besieging Citium, illness or the effects he must therefore be considered as the first painter
of a wound carried him off. His forces, while sail of perspective. It would appear from an epigram
ing away with his remains, as if animated by his of Simonides (Anthol. Palat. ix. 758), that he wae
spirit, fell in with and defeated a fleet of Phoeni- a contemporary of Dionysius, and belonged there
cian and Cilician galleys, and added to their naval fore to the 80th Olympiad; but as he was cer-
victory a second over forces on shore. (Plut. Cim. tainly more ancient, Kiuw should in that passage
14–19; Thuc. i. 112; Diod. xi. 64, 86, xii. 3, 4; be changed into Mixwv. (Böttiger, Archäolog. d.
the agitation of the Licinian laws. (Liv. vi. 32, 36; tation of the inscription on the obverse, 1111. VIR.
Diod. xv. 61, 77. )
PRI. FL. , is not certain. We know that Julius
9. L. VETURIUS L. f. Sp. n. Crassus CICURINUS, Caesar increased the number of the superintendents
consular tribune two years successively, B. c. 368, of the mint from three to four, and it has therefore
367, in the latter of which years the Licinian laws been supposed that this Flanıinius Chilo was one
were carried. (Liv. vi. 38, 42. )
of the first four superintendents appointed by Cae-
CIDA'RIA (Kıõapía), a surname of the Eleusi sar, and that the above letters refer to this, being
nian Demeter at Pheneus, in Arcadia, derived equivalent to III l'ir primus fundue monetae. (ic-
either from an Arcadian dance called kíðapıs, or khel, v. pp. 212, 213. )
from a royal head-dress of the same name. (Paus.
viii. 15. § 1. )
[L. S. )
CILIX (King), a son of Agenor and Telephassa.
He and his brothers Cadmus and Phoenix were
sent out by their father in search of Europa, who
had been carried off by Zeus. Cilix settled in the
FLAMINS
country which derived from him the name of Cili-
ZHILO
cia. He is called the father of Thasus and Thebe.
(Herod. vii 91; Apollod. i. 1. $ 1; Hygin. Fab.
178; Diod. v. 49. )
[L. S. ] CILO, JU’NIUS, procurator of Pontus in the
CILLA (Kína), a daughter of Laomedon and reign of Claudius, brought the Bosporan Mithri-
Placia or Leucippe, and a sister of Priam. At the dates to Rome in A. D. 50, and received after-
time when Hecabe was pregnant with Paris, the wards the consular insignia. (Tac. Ann. xii. 21. )
Beer Aesacus declared that mother and child must | Dion Cassius speaks (1x. 33) of him as governor of
be put to death in order to avert a great calamity; Bithynia, and relates an amusing tale respecting
but Priam, who referred this prophetic declaration him. The Bithynians came before Claudius to
to Cilla and her son Menippus by Thymoetus, complain of Cilo haring taken bribes, but as the
made them suffer instead of Hecabe and Paris. emperor could not hear them on account of the
(Apollod. iii. 12. $ 8; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 224. )[L. S. ) noise, he asked those standing by his side what
CILLAS or CILLUS (Kimas or Kiados), the they said. Narcissus thereupon told him that they
charioteer of Pelops, whose real name, according to were returning thanks to Cilo, upon which Clau-
a Troezenian tradition, was Sphaerus. His tomb dius appoirted him to the government of the pro-
was shewn near the town of Cilla in the neigh. vince for two years longer.
bourhood of the temple of Apollo. (Paus. v. 10. CILO, or CHILO, P. MA'GIUS, murdered at
8 2 ; Strab. xiii. p. 613. )
[L. S. ) Peiraeeus, in B. C. 45, M. Claudius Marcellus, who
CI'LNII, a powerful family in the Etruscan had been consul in 51, and killed himself imme-
town of Arretium, who seem to have been usually diately afterwards. Cílo was a friend and client of
firm supporters of the Roman interests. They were Marcellus and a rumour was circulated at the time
driven out of their native town in B. C. 301, byl by Caesar's enemies, that the dictator had instigated
the party opposed to them, but were restored bj l him to commit the murder. Brutus wrote to Cicero
SI VIX
assesso
## p. 749 (#769) ############################################
CIMBER.
749
CIMON.
3
Cypselus T
T Stesagoras I.
to defend Caesar from this charge. The real motive CIMBER, P. GABI'NIUS, one of the Catili.
for the crime seems to have been, that Marcellus narian conspirators, B. C. 63. (Cic. in Cat. iii. 3,
refused to advance Cilo a sum of money to relieve 5, 6, iv. 6. )
him from his embarrassments. (Cic. ad Atl. xii. 10, CIMBER, L. TI'LLIUS (not Tullius), one of
ad Fam. iv. 12. ) Valerius Maximus (ix. ll. $ 4) the murderers of Caesar, B. C. 44. When Caesar
says, that Cilo had served under Pompey, and first became supreme, Cimber was one of his
that he was indignant at Marcellus preferring an- warmest supporters (Cic. Philipp. ii. ll; Senec.
other friend to hiin. Livy (Epit. 115) calls him de Ira, iii. 30); and we find Cicero making use of
Cn. Magius.
his influence with the Dictator in behalf of a
CILO SEPTIMIANUS, L. FA'BIUS, to friend (Ad Fam. vi. 12). He was rewarded
whom an inscription quoted by Tillemont after with the province of Bithynia. But for some
Onuphrius Panvinius gives the names Catinius reason (Seneca says from disappointed hopes) he
Acilianus Lepidus Fulginianus, was consul in A. D. joined the conspirators. On the fatal day, Cimber
193 and 204, and was the chosen friend of Sep-
was foremost in the ranks, under pretence of pre-
timius Severus, by whom he was appointed praesenting a petition to Caesar praying for his brother's
fect of the city and tutor to his two sons. Having recall from exile. Caesar motioned him away;
endeavoured to mediate between the brothers, he and Cimber then, seizing the Dictator's gown with
incurred the hatred of the elder, who after the both hands drew it over his neck, so as to pull
murder of Geta gave orders that the man who had him forward. After the assassination, Cimber
ever acted towards him the part of a father, and went to his province and raised a fleet, with which
whom he had often addressed by that title, should (if we may believe the author of the Pseudo-Bru-
be included in the massacre which followed. The tus Epistles to Cicero, i. 6) he defeated Dolabella.
soldiers hastened to the mansion of Cilo, and after When Cassius and Brutus marched into Macedo
plundering it of all the costly furniture and other nia, Cimber co-operated with the fleet, and appears
precious effects, dragged him from the bath, com- to have done good service. (Appian, B. C. iv. 102,
pelled him to walk through the streets in his 105. ) He was a bold active man, but addicted to
wooden slippers and a single scanty garment, wine and riotous living, so that he asked jokingly,
buffeting him as they hurried along with the in- Ego quemquam ferum, qui vinum ferre non possum?
tention of putting him to death when they should (Senec. Epist
. 83. 11. )
(H. G. L. ]
have reached the palace. This gratuitous cruelty CIMON (Kiuwv). 1. Nicknamed from his sil-
proved his salvation. For the populace, beholding liness Koáreuos (Plut. Cim. 4), will be best de-
one whom they had been wont to honour treated scribed by the following table.
with such indignity, began to murmur, and were
the same wife
joined by the city-guards. A tumult was immi-
nent, when Caracalla canie forth to meet the mob,
Miltiades I.
Cimon I.
and partly through fear, partly perhaps touched (Herod. vi. 35. )
for a moment with compunction, threw his own
cloak over the shoulders of his former preceptor,
once more addressed him as father and master,
Stesagoras II.
Miltiades II.
gave orders that the tribune and his attendants
(Her. vi. 38. ) (The victor at Marathon. )
who had been sent to perpetrate the crime should
Married Hegesiprle, the
themselves be put to death, not, says Dion, because
daughter of Olorus, a
they bad wished to slay their victim, but because
Thracian king.
they had failed to do so, and continued to treat
him with the outward semblance at least of re-
spect. The only other anecdote preserved with
regard to Cilo is, that he saved the life of Macrinus
Cimon II.
Elpinice.
at the time when the latter was upon the point of He was banished by Peisistratus from Athens,
sharing the fate of Plautianus (PLAUTIANUS), and during his banishment won two Olympic
whose agent he was, and thus the destruction of victories with his four-horse chariot. He allowed
Caracalla was indirectly hastened by the friend Peisistratus to be proclaimed victor at the second,
and benefactor whom he had sought to destroy. and was in consequence suffered to return to
(Dion Cass. lxxvii. 4, lxxviii. 11; Spartian. Cara- Athens. But when after the death of Peisistratus
aull. 4; Aurel. Vict. Epit. 20. ) [W. R. ] he gained another Olympic victory with the same
CIMBER, C. A'NNIUS, the son of Lysidicus, horses, he was secretly murdered by order of the
had obtained the praetorship from Caesar, and was
sons of the tyrant. (Herod. vi. 103. )
one of Antony's supporters in B. C. 43, on which 2.
Grandson of the preceding, and son of the
account he is vehemently attacked by Cicero. He great Miltiades, is mentioned in Herodotus as pay-
was charged with baving killed his brother, whence ing his father's fine and capturing Eïon. (vi. 136,
Cicero calls him ironically Philadelphus, and per- vii. 107. ) This latter event, the baitle of Eury-
petrates the pun Nisi forie jure Germanum Cimber medon, the expedition in aid of Spartim and his
occidit, that is, “ unless perchance he has a right death in Cyprus, are the only occasions in which
to kill his own countryman,” as Cimber is the he is expressly named by his relation, Thucydides ;
name of a German people, and Germanus signifies whose summary, moreover, of the history of this
in Latin both a German and a brother. (Cic. period leaves us by its briefness necessarily depen-
Phil. xiii. 12, xi. 6; Quintil. viii. 3. & 27; comp. dent for much on the additional authorities, which
Cic. ad Att. xv. 13; Suet. Aug. 86. ) Cimber form the somewhat heterogeneous basis of Plu-
was an orator, a poet, and an historian, but his tarch's biography. We find here the valuable con-
merits were of a low order, and he is ridiculed by temporary recollections of Ion of Chios (cc. 5. 9),
Virgil in an epigram preserved by Quintilian (1. c. ). and the almost worthless contemporary gossip and
(Huschke, De C. Annio Cimbro, Rostoch. 1824. ) scandal of the Thasian Stesimbrotus: some little
## p. 750 (#770) ############################################
750
CIMON.
CIMON.
also from the poets of the time, Crtinus, Melan- | be doubtful. (Comp. Plut. Arist. 25, Then. 24. )
thius, and Archelaus. He seems to have followed The year B. G 466 (according to Clinton ; Krüger
Thucydides, though not very strictly, as a guide in and others persist in placing it earlier) saw the
general, while he filled up the details from the completion of his glory. In the command of the
later historians, perhaps from Theopompus more allied forces on the Asiatic coast he met a Persian
than from Ephorus, whose account, as followed feet of 350 ships, attacked them, captured 200,
probably hy Diodorus (xi. 60), differs materially. and following the fugitives to the shore, by the
He appears to have also used Callisthenes, Cratinus, river Eurymedon, in a second and obstinate en-
Phanodemus, Diodorus Periegetes, Gorgias, and gagement on the same day, routed the land arma-
Nausicrates ; Aristotle, Eupolis, Aristophanes, and ment; indeed, according to Plutarch, he crowned
Critias.
his victory before night by the defcat of a rein-
On the death of Miltiades, probably in B. c. forcement of 80 Phoenician ships. (Plu:. Cim. 12;
489, Cimon, we are told by Diodorus (Excerpta. Thuc. i. 100 ; Diod. xi. 60, with Wesseling's note. )
p. 255), in order to obtain the corpse for burial, His next achievement was the cxpulsion of the
took his father's place in prison till his fine of Persians from the Chersonese, and the subjection
50 talents should be paid. (Miltiades. ] It ap of the territory to Athenis, accompanied perhaps
pears, however, certnin (see Dem. c. Androt. p. with the recovery of his own patrimony. The
603) that the arruía, if not the imprisonment, effect of these victories was doubtless very great;
of the public debtor was legally inherited by they crushed perhaps a last aggressive movement,
the son, and Cornelius Nepos, whose life comes and fixed Persia finally in a defensive position.
in many parts from Theopompus, states the con- In later times it was believed, though on evidence,
finement to have been compulsory. The fine as was shewn by Callisthenes, quite insufficient,
was eventually paid by Callias on his marriage that they had been succeeded by a treaty (the
with Elpinice, Cimon's sister. (Callias, No. 2, famous peace of Cimon) negotiated through Callias,
p. 567, b. ) A more difficult point is the previous and containing in its alleged conditions the most
connexion and even marriage of Cimon with this humiliating concessions. They placed Cimon at
sister or half-sister, which was recorded by nume- the height of his power and glory, the chief of that
rous writers, but after all was very probably the empire which his character had gained for Athens,
scandal of Stesimbrotus and the comedians. (Eupo and which his policy towards the allies was ren-
lis, ap. Plut. Cim. 15, comp. 4; Nepos, Cim. 1; dering daily firmer and completer. Themistocles,
Athen. xiii. p. 589. ) Nor, again, can we very a banished man, may perhaps hare witnessed his
much rely on the statement which Plutarch in- Asiatic triumphs in sorrow; the death of Aristeides
troduces at this time, that he and Themistocles had left him sole possessor of the influence they
vied with each other at the Olympian games in had hitherto jointly exercised : nor had time yet
the splendour of their equipments and banquets. matured the opposition of Pericles. (Plut. Cin. 13,
(Plut. Themist. 5. ) It is more credible that his 14. ) Still the loss of the old friend and the ra-
first occasion of attracting notice and admiration pidly increasing influence of the new opponent
was the forwardness with which, when the city rendered his position precarious.
in B. C. 480 was to be deserted, he led up to The chronology of the events that follow is
the citadel a company of young men to offer henceforth in most points disputed ; according
to the goddess their now unserviceable bridles. to Clinton's view, which cannot hastily be de
(Plut. Cim. 5. ) After the battle of Plataea, serted, the revolt of Thasos took place in 465;
Aristeides brought him forward. They were in 463 Cimon reduced it; in the year interven-
placed together in 477 at the head of the Athenian ing occurred the earthquake and insurrection at
contingent to the Greek armament, under the Sparta, and in consequence, upon Cimon's urgent
supreme command of Pausanias. Cimon shared appeal, one if not two (Plut. Cim. 16; comp.
the glory of transferring that supremacy to Athens, Aristoph. Lysistr. 1137) expeditions were sent
and in the first employment of it reduced the Per- from Athens, under his command, to assist the
sian garrison at Eion, and opened the important Spartans. In these occurrences were found the
district in the neighbourhood for Athenian coloni- means for his humiliation. During the siege of
zation. (Plut. Cim. 6; Herod. vii. 107; Thuc. i. 98; | Thasos, the Athenian colonists on the Strymon
Nepos, Cim. 2; Schol. ad Aesch. de Fals. Leg. p. were cut off by the Thracians, and Cimon seems
755, &c. , ed. Reiske; Clinton, F. H. ii. App. ix. ) to have been expected, after his victory there, to
In honour of this conquest he received from his coun- retrieve this disaster : and, neglecting to do so, he
trymen the distinction, at that time unprecedented, was on his return brought to trial; but the accu-
of having three busts of Hermes erected, inscribed sation of having taken bribes from Alexander of
with triumphal verses, but without mention of the Macedon, was, by Pericles at any rate, not strongly
names of the generals. (Plut. Cim. 6 ; Aesch. c. urged, and the result was an acquittal. The ter-
Ciesip! . p. 573, ed. Reiske. )
p
In 476, apparently mination of his Lacedaemonian policy in the jea-
under his conduct, the piratical Dolopians were lous and insulting dismissal of their Athenian
expelled from Scyros, and a colony planted in their auxiliaries by the Spartans, and the consequent
room ; and the remains of Theseus discovered rupture between the two states was a more serious
there, were thence transported, probably after some blow to his popularity. And the victory of his
years' interval (B. C. 468) with great pomp to opponents was decided when Ephialtes and Peri-
Athens. (Plut. Cim. 8 ; Paus. i. 17. $ 6, iii. 3. $ 6. ) cles, after a serere struggle, carried their measure
The reduction of Carystus and Naxos was, for reducing the authority of the aristocratic Areio-
most likely, effected under bis command (Thuc. i. pagus. Upon this it would seem his ostracism
98); and at this period he was doubtless in war ensued. Soon after its commencement (B. C. 457)
and politics his country's chief citizen. His co- a Lacedaemonian army, probably to meet the views
adjutor at home would be Aristeides ; how far he of a violent section of the defeated party in Athens,
contributed to the banishment of Themistocles may | posted itself at Tanagra. The Athenians advanced
## p. 751 (#771) ############################################
CIMON.
751
CINADON.
a
to meet it : Cimon requested permission to fight | edited in an useful form by Arnold Ekker, Utrecht,
in his place; the generals in suspicion refused : he 1843, in which references will be found to other
departed, begging his own friends to vindicate his illustrative works. )
(A. H. C. ]
character : they, in number a hundred, placed in the CIMON. 1. Or Cleonac, a painter of great
ensuing battle his panoply among them, and fell renown, praised by Pliny (11. N. xxxv. 3+) and
around it to the last man. Before five years of Aclian. (V. II. viii. 8. ) It is difficult to ascer-
his exile were fully out, B. C. 453 or 454, he was tain, from Pliny's obscure words, wherein the
recalled on the motion of Pericles himself; late peculiar merits of Cimon consisted: it is certain,
reverses having inclined the people to tranquillity however, that he was not satisfied with drawing
in Greece, and the democratic leaders perhaps simply the outlines of his figures, such as we sce
being ready, in fear of more unscrupulous oppo- in the oldest painted vases, but that he also repre-
nents, to make concessions to those of them who sented limbs, veins, and the folds of garments.
were patriotic and temperate. He was probably He invented the Catugrapha, that is, not the pro-
employed in effecting the five years' truce with file, according to the common interpretation (Cay-
Sparta which commenced in 450. In the next lus, Mém. de l'Acad. vol. xxv. p. 265), but the
year he sailed out with 200 ships to Cyprus, with various positions of figures, as they appear when
the view of retrieving the late mishaps in Egypt. looking upwards, downwards, and side ways; and
Here, while besieging Citium, illness or the effects he must therefore be considered as the first painter
of a wound carried him off. His forces, while sail of perspective. It would appear from an epigram
ing away with his remains, as if animated by his of Simonides (Anthol. Palat. ix. 758), that he wae
spirit, fell in with and defeated a fleet of Phoeni- a contemporary of Dionysius, and belonged there
cian and Cilician galleys, and added to their naval fore to the 80th Olympiad; but as he was cer-
victory a second over forces on shore. (Plut. Cim. tainly more ancient, Kiuw should in that passage
14–19; Thuc. i. 112; Diod. xi. 64, 86, xii. 3, 4; be changed into Mixwv. (Böttiger, Archäolog. d.
