No More Learning

1 |Anonymous. | 538-557 | Pl. XLIII uncertain 2. (The
| | | name on the exergue is
| | | written ROMA. )
1 |Anonymous. | 558-579 | Pl. XLIII uncertain 2. (The
| | | name on the exergue is
| | | written ROMA. )
3 |Q. FABI. LABEO | 653 | Pl. XVII Fabia 2.
1 |M. TVLLI. | 653 | Pl. XXXIX Tullia.
1 |M. SERGI. | 655 | Pl. XXXVII Sergia.
3 |L. FLAMINI. CILO | 656 | Pl. XVIII Flaminia 1.
1 |M. CIPI M. F. (incuse) | 658 | Pl. XII Cipia.
1 |P. NERVA | 659 | Pl. XXXVIII Silia.
1 |L. PHILIPPVS. | 660 | Pl. XXVI Marcia 5.
2 |M. FOVRI L. F. PHILI | 662 | Pl. XIX Furia 3.
1 |MN. AEMILIO LEP. | 663 | Pl. I Æmilia 3.
1 |CN. BLASIO CN. F. | 663 | Pl. XIV Cornelia 4.
1 |L. CAESI. | 663 | Pl. VIII Cæsia.
1 |Q. LVTATI | 664 | Pl. XXV Lutatia 2.
8 |L. MEMMI. | 664 | Pl. XXVII Memmia 1.
1 |L. VALERI FLACCI | 664 | Pl. XL Valeria 3.
1 |M. CATO | 664 | Pl. XXXV Porcia 6.
1 |A. ALBINVS S. F. | 665 | Pl. XXXV Postumia 2.
------+--------------------------+----------+----------------------------

This series ends with the social war in 665.


COINS STRUCK OUT OF ITALY.

------+--------------------------+----------+--------------------------
Number| Names or Symbols of the | Probable |
of | Magistrates inscribed | Dates | Numbers of the Plates in
each | on the Coins | A. U. C. | Cohen’s Work
------+--------------------------+----------+--------------------------
2 | CN. LEN. Q. | 678-682 | Pl. XIV Cornelia 10.
2 | LENT. CVR. X FL. | 678-682 | Pl. XIV Cornelia 11.
------+--------------------------+----------+--------------------------

These coins were struck in Spain during the war of Sertorius. No
provincial coins were struck during the interval between the two civil
wars from 682 to 704.

GAULISH COINS (FROM CAMP D, ON THE BANKS OF THE OSE).

ARVERNI.

ANEPIGRAPHIC COINS Number of each.

Electrum. Staters with the types of Vercingetorix 3
Electrum. Stater with an effigy adorned with a singular head-dress 1
Silver. Thick and ancient denarii of various types 13
Silver. A thick and ancient denarius, with a bird under the horse 1
Silver. A thick and ancient denarius, of the type, of the staters
of Vercingetorix 1


COINS WITH NAMES OF CHIEFS.

VERCINGETORIXS. This coin appears to be of copper, and yet
may be only a stater of very debased electrum 1
Æ. CVNVANOS 5
Æ. CALIIDV 7
Æ. A. behind the effigy 2
[AR]. PICTILOS 8
[AR]. EPAD. Epasnactus, before his submission 3
Æ IIPAD·℞-CICIIDV·BRI. Epasnactus 59

NOTE. --Three of these latter coins are stuck together.


AULERCI-EBUROVICES.

Æ. CAMBIL. (Camulogenus? ) 5


BITURIGES.

ANEPIGRAPHIC COINS.

Electrum. Staters with a peacock placed above the horse 2
[AR]. Head. ℞. horse and boar 1
[AR]. Head dressed with long locks of hair 1
[AR]. The same type. A branch above the horse 1
[AR]. The same type. A sword and pentagram 1


COINS WITH LEGENDS.

Electrum. ABVDOS. A stater 1
Æ. The same legend 9
Æ. The same type. OSNAII 1
Æ. The same type. ISVNIS 1
Electrum. SOLIMA. A stater 1
[AR]. The same legend 6
[AR]. DIASVLOS 7
Æ. The same type. YNO 4
[AR]. The same type. ƎIOV 1
Æ. Under the horse. ƆƐN 1
Æ. Under the horse. CAM (Cambolectres? ) 1


BUCIOS.

Æ. An unknown coin, at present unique 1


CADURCI.

Æ. Anepigraphic. Types of the coins of Lucterius 1


CARNUTES.

ANEPIGRAPHIC COINS.

Brass 7
Æ. Head. ℞. An eagle and serpent 4
Æ. Head. ℞. Eagle and young eagle 1

COINS WITH LEGENDS.

Æ. VANDIILIOS. 19
Æ. CALIAGIIS. 12
Æ. TASGIITIOS. Tasgetius 1


ÆDUI.

ANEPIGRAPHIC COINS.

[AR]. Old denarii. 27


COINS WITH LEGENDS.

[AR]. ΚΑΔ--ΕΔΟV. (Celts-Ædui). 2
[AR]. ANORBO-DVBNOREX. (Dumnorix). 14
[AR]. DVBNOREX-DVBNO-COV. (Dumnorix). 4
[AR]. DVBNOREX-DVBNO-COV. (Dumnorix. ) The
chief holds in his hand a man’s head cut off. 1
[AR]. LITA. Litavicus. 12


HELVII?

[AR]. EPOMIID. A lion. ℞. Two heads embracing. 4


LEMOVICES.

[AR]. A human head above the horse. 5


LEUCI.

Brass, with the boar. 1


LEAGUE AGAINST THE GERMANS.

[AR]. Quinarii with the horseman.
2


MANDUBII (OR LINGONES)?

Brass. 32


MASSALIETES.

[AR]. Oboli with the wheel. 2


PETROCORII.

[AR]. With the boar lying down 4


PICTONES.

Electrum. A stater with the hand. 1
Æ. Anepigraphic. 1


COINS WITH NAMES OF CHIEFS.

[AR]. VIIROTAL. A warrior standing. 10
[AR]. VIIROTAL. A lion. 1


REMI.

Æ. With three heads joined together. 2


SANTONES.

Electrum. A stater. Under the horse SA. 1


SENONES.

Brass, anepigraphic. Animals facing each other. 1
Æ. YLLYCCI 6


SEQUANI.

Brass, anepigraphic. 12
[AR]. SEQVANOIOTVOS. 16
[AR]. TOGIRIX. 72
[AR]. Q·DOCI SAM·F. 18


SUESSIONES.

Æ. Divitiacus. ΔEIOVICIA-COS. 1


TREVIRI.

[AR]. Anepigraphic 1

TRICASSES (OR LINGONES)?

Brass 2


VELIOCASSES.

Æ. A figure kneeling 1


VOLCÆ-ARECOMICI.

[AR]. 1


VOLCÆ-TECTOSAGES.

[AR]. 3


VOLCÆ-TECTOSAGES.

EMIGRANTS FROM GERMANY.

[AR]. 1


UNCERTAIN FROM THE SOUTH.

Æ. A horse drinking in a vase 3


UNDETERMINABLE.

[AR]. 1
Æ. and brass 14




APPENDIX D.

NOTICE ON CÆSAR’S LIEUTENANTS.


In his campaign against Ariovistus, Cæsar had six legions; he put at the
head of each either one of his lieutenants or his quæstor. (_De Bello
Gallico_, I. 52. ) His principal officers, then, were at that period six
in number, namely, T. Labienus, bearing the title of _legatus pro
prœtore_ (I. 21), Publius Crassus, L. Arunculeius Cotta, Q. Titurius
Sabinus, Q. Pedius, and C. Salpicius Galba.


1. T. ATTIUS LABIENUS.

T. Attius Labienus had been tribune of the people in 691, and had, in
this quality, been the accuser of C. Rabirius. He served Cæsar with zeal
during eight years in Gaul. Although he had been loaded with his
favours, and had, thanks to him, amassed a great fortune (Cicero,
_Epist. ad Atticum_, VII. 7. --Cæsar, _De Bello Civili_, I. 15), he
deserted his cause as soon as the civil war broke out, and in 706 became
Pompey’s lieutenant in Greece. After the battle of Pharsalia, he went,
with Afranius, to rejoin Cato at Corcyra, and passed afterwards into
Africa. When Scipio was vanquished, Labienus repaired to Spain, to Cn.
Pompey. He was slain at the battle of Munda. Cæsar caused a public
funeral to be given to the man who had repaid his benefits by so much
ingratitude. (Florus, IV. 2. --Appian, _Civil Wars_, II. 105. --Dio
Cassius, XLIII. 30, 38. )


2. PUBLIUS LICINIUS CRASSUS.

Publius Licinius Crassus Dives, youngest son of the celebrated triumvir,
started with Cæsar for the war in Gaul, made the conquest of Aquitaine,
and was employed to conduct to Rome the soldiers who were to vote in
favour of Pompey and Crassus. He quitted Cæsar’s army in 698, or at the
beginning of 699. Taken by his father into Syria, he perished, in 701,
in the war against the Parthians, still very young; for Cicero, attached
to him by an intimate friendship (_Epist. Familiar. _, V. 8), speaks of
him as _adolescens_ in a letter to Quintus (II. 9), written in May, 699.
He was, nevertheless, already augur, and the great orator succeeded him
in that dignity. (Cicero, _Epist. Familiar. _, XV. 4. --Plutarch,
_Cicero_, 47. )


3. L. ARUNCULEIUS COTTA.

The biography of Arunculeius Cotta, before his arrival in Gaul, is not
known. His name leads us to suppose that he was descended from a family
of clients or freedmen of the _gens Aurelia_, in which the name of
_Cotta_ was hereditary. The mother of Cæsar was an Aurelia.


4. QUINTUS TITURIUS SABINUS.

The antecedents of Quintus Titurius Sabinus are no more known than those
of Arunculeius Cotta, whose melancholy fate he shared. His name shows
that he descended from the family of Sabine origin of the Titurii, which
had given different magistrates to the Republic. The name of Titurius is
found on several consular medals; it is also found in some inscriptions
posterior to the time of Cæsar.


5. Q. PEDIUS.

Q. Pedius was the son of a sister of Cæsar. (Suetonius, _Cæsar_, 83. )
Elected ædile in the year 700 (Cicero, _Orat. pro. Plancio_, 7), he must
have quitted the army of Gaul at the latest in 699. When the civil war
broke out, he remained one of the firmest adherents of his uncle, whose
interests he sustained, in 705, at Capua. (Cicero, _Epist. ad Atticum_,
IX. 14. ) He was prætor when he was besieged in Cosa, by Milo, a partisan
of Pompey. He was sent into Spain with Q. Fabius. (Cæsar, _De Bello
Civili_, III. 22; _De Bello Hispan. _, 2. --Dio Cassius, XLIII. 31. ) Made
by Cæsar’s will the heir of one-eighth of his wealth, he gave up what
was left to him to Octavius. (Suetonius, _Cæsar_, 83. --Appian, _Civil
Wars_, III. 94. ) It was at the motion of Q. Pedius, then consul, that
the law was passed which has received its name from him, and which was
directed against the murderers of the Dictator. (Velleius Paterculus,
II. 65. --Suetonius, _Nero_, 3. ) Q. Pedius remained faithful to Octavius,
yet he proposed the retractation of the declaration of war launched
against Antony and Lepidus. He was admitted to the secret of the
triumvirate, which was on the point of being concluded, and died
suddenly before the end of the year 711. (Dio Cassius, XLVI. 52--Appian,
_Civil Wars_, IV. 6. )


6. SERVIUS SULPICIUS GALBA.

Servius Sulpicius Galba, whom the Emperor Galba reckoned among his
ancestors, was of the illustrious family of the Sulpicii; he descended
from Sulpicius Galba, consul in 610, who had left the reputation of a
great orator. S. Sulpicius Galba, Cæsar’s lieutenant in Gaul, had
already served in the war in that country under C. Pomptinus, in 693
(Dio Cassius, XXXVII. 48), which explains the choice made of him by the
future Dictator. He must have quitted Cæsar’s army at latest in 699, for
he was, at his recommendation, elected prætor in 700. (Dio Cassins,
XXXIX. 65. ) He solicited the consulship in vain in 705. Pressed by the
creditors of Pompey, for whom he had made himself surety, he was
relieved from his difficulties by Cæsar, who paid his debts. (Valerius
Maximus, V. 2, §11. ) Finding himself finally deceived in his hope of
arriving at the consulship, S. Galba joined the conspiracy against his
old chief. (Suetonius, _Galba_, 3. --Appian, _Civil Wars_, II. 113. ) He
served in the war against Antony, under the Consul Hirtius. We have a
letter from him to Cicero, written from the camp of Modena. (Cicero,
_Epist. Familiar_. , X. 30. ) Prosecuted, in virtue of the law Pedia, as a
murderer of Cæsar, (Suetonius, _Galba_, 3), he was condemned, and died
probably in exile.

The Senate granted Cæsar, in 608, ten lieutenants: Labienus, Arunculeius
Cotta, Titurias Sabinus, already in Gaul, Decimus Brutus, P. Sulpicius
Rufus, Munatius Plancus, M. Crassus, C. Fabius, L. Roscius, and T.
Sextius. As to Sulpicius Galba, P. Crassus, and Q. Pedius, they had
returned to Italy.


7. DECIMUS JUNIUS BRUTUS.

Decimus Junius Brutus, belonging to the family of the _Junii_, was son
of Decimus Junius Brutus, elected consul in the year 677, and of
Sempronia, who performed so celebrated a part in Catiline’s conspiracy.
He was adopted by A. Postumius Albinus, consul in 655, and took, for
this reason, the surname of Albinus, by which we find him sometimes
designated. When Cæsar took him into Gaul, he was still very young; the
“Commentaries” apply to him the epithet _adolescens_. He must have
returned to Rome in January, 704, since a letter of Cicero mentions his
presence there at that period. (_Epist. Familiar. _, VIII.