, 785,
Στέντορα
χαλκεόφωνον, ὃς τόσον
αὐδήσασχ' ὅσον ἄλλοι πεντήκοντα.
αὐδήσασχ' ὅσον ἄλλοι πεντήκοντα.
Satires
, 12, 13, 44; ii.
, 23.
Liv.
, v.
, 15.
Macrob.
, Saturn.
, iii.
,
7; v. , 19. Serv. ad Virg. , Æn. , i. , 42; iii. , 537; viii. , 398. Plin. ,
ii. , 85. Festus, _s. v. _ Rituales.
[843] _Sanctum. _ Cf. iii. , 137; viii. , 24.
[844] _Bimembri_, or "with double limbs. " All these prodigies are
common enough in Livy.
[845] _Miranti_ is quite Juvenalian, and better than the common reading
"Mirandis," or the suggestion "liranti. "
[846] _Mulæ. _ Cf. Cic. , de Div. , ii. , 28, "Si quod rarò fit, id
portentum putandum est sapientem esse portentum est; sæpius enim _mulam
peperisse_ arbitror, quam sapientem fuisse. "
[847] _Lapides. _ Cf. Liv. , xxxix. , 37. This prodigy was one of the
causes of consulting the sacred books, which led to the introduction
of the worship of Bona Dea to Rome. Cf. ad ix. , 37. Liv. , xxii. , 1,
"Præneste ardentes lapides cœlo cecidisse. "
[848] _Apium. _ Cf. Liv. , xxiv. , 10. Tac. , Ann. , xii. , 64, "Fastigio
Capitolii examen apium insedit: biformes hominem partus. " Plin. , xi. ,
17.
[849] _Gurgitibus. _ Liv. , xix. , 44, "Flumen Amiterni cruentum
fluxisse. " Virg. , Georg. , i. , 485, "Aut puteis manare cruor cessavit. "
[850] _Arcana. _ "Fidei alterius tacitè commissa sine ullis testibus. "
Lubin. Another interpretation is, "that, having lost it, he held his
tongue, and complained to no one. "
[851] _Superos. _
"Those conscious powers we can with ease contemn,
If, hid from men, we trust our crimes with them. " Dryden.
[852] _Cirrhæi_, from Cirrha in Phocis, near the foot of Mount
Parnassus, the port of Delphi. Cf. vii. , 64, "Dominis Cirrhæ Nysæque
feruntur Pectora. "
[853] _Spicula_; probably from Tibull. , I. , iv. , 21.
"Nec jurare time. Veneris perjuria venti
Irrita per terras et freta summa ferunt.
Perque suas impune sinit Dictynna sagittas
Affirmes, crines perque Minerva suos. "
[854] _Phario. _ The vinegar of Egypt was more celebrated than its wine.
Cf. Mart. , xiii. , Ep. 122. Ath. , ii. , 26.
[855] _Fortunæ. _ See this idea beautifully carried out in Claudian's
invective against Rufinus, lib. i. , 1-24. Such was Horace's religion.
"Credat Judæus Apella, Non ego: namque deos didici securum agere ævum;
nec si quid miri faciat Natura deos id tristes ex alto cœli demittere
tecto. " I. , Sat. v. , 100. Not so Cicero. "Intelligamus _nihil_ horum
_esse fortuitum_. " De Nat. Deor. , ii. , 128.
[856] _Tangunt. _ Cf. xiv. , 218, "Vendet perjuria summâ exiguâ et
Cereris tangens aramq. pedemq. "
[857] _Isis. _ Cf. vi. , 526. Lucan. , viii. , 831, "Nos in templa tuam
Romana accepimus Isim Semideosque canes, et sistra jubentia luctus et
quem tu plangens hominem testaris Osirin. " Blindness, the most common
of Egyptian diseases, was supposed to be the peculiar infliction of
Isis. Cf. Ovid, ex Pont. , i. , 51, "Vidi ego linigeræ numen violasse
fatentem Isidis Isiacos ante sedere focos. Alter ob huic similem
privatus lumine culpam, clamabat mediâ se meruisse viâ. " Pers. , v. ,
186, "Tunc grandes Galli et cum sistro lusca sacerdos. " Sistrum a σείω.
[858] _Ladas. _ A famous runner at Olympia, in the days of Alexander
the Great. Cf. Mart. , x. , Ep. 100, "Habeas licebit alterum pedem Ladæ,
Inepte, frustrà crure ligneo curres;" and ii. , 86. Catull. , iv. , 24,
"Non si Pegaseo ferar volatu, Non Ladas si ego, pennipesve Perseus. "
[859] _Anticyrcâ_, in Phocis, famous for hellebore, supposed to be
of great efficacy in cases of insanity: hence Hor. , ii. , Sat. iii. ,
83, "Nescio an Anticyram ratio illis destinet omnem. " 166, "naviget
Anticyram. " Pers. , iv. , 16, "Anticyras melior sorbere meracas. " Its
Greek name is Ἀντίκιῤῥα. Strabo, ix. , 3. The quantity therefore in
Latin follows the Greek accent. The Phocian Anticyra produced the best
hellebore; but it was also found at Anticyra on the Maliac Gulf, near
Œta. Some think there was a third town of the same name. Hence "Tribus
Anticyris caput insanabile," Hor. , A. P. , 300.
[860] _Archigene. _ Cf. vi. , 236; xiv. , 252.
[861] _Ignoscere. _ "Contemnere pauper creditur atque deos diis
ignoscentibus ipsis," iii. , 145. So Plautus:
"Atque hoc scelesti illi in animum inducunt suum.
Jovem se placare posse donis hostiis,
Et operam et sumptum perdunt: ideo fit, quia
Nihil ei acceptum est a perjuris supplicii. "
[862] _Crucem. _ Badham quotes an Italian epigram, which says that "the
successful adventurer gets _crosses hung on him_, the unsuccessful gets
_hung on the cross_. "
"Some made by villainy, and some undone,
And this ascend a scaffold, that a throne. " Gifford.
[863] _Præcedit. _
"Dare him to swear, he with a cheerful face
Flies to the shrine, and bids thee mend thy pace:
He urges, goes before thee, shows the way,
Nay, pulls thee on, and chides thy dull delay. " Dryden.
[864] _Fiducia. _
"For desperate boldness is the rogue's defense,
And sways the court like honest confidence. " Hodgson.
[865] _Catulli. _ Cf. ad viii. , 186. Urbani some take as a proper name.
Others in the same sense as Sat. vii. , 11. Catull. , xxii. , 2, 9.
[866] _Stentora. _ Hom. , Il. , v.
, 785, Στέντορα χαλκεόφωνον, ὃς τόσον
αὐδήσασχ' ὅσον ἄλλοι πεντήκοντα.
[867] _Gradivus. _ ii. , 128. Hom. , Il. , v. , 859, ὅσσον τ' ἐννεάχιλοι
ἐπίαχον ἢ δεκάχιλοι ἀνέρες--ἔβραχε.
[868] _Audis. _ Cf. ii. , 130, "Nec galeam quassas nec terram cuspide
pulsas, nec quereris patri? " Virg. , Æn. , iv. , 206, "Jupiter Omnipotens!
Adspicis hæc? an te, genitor, quum fulmina torques, nequicquam
horremus? cæcique in nubibus ignes terrificant animos et inania murmura
miscent? " Both passages are ludicrously parodied in the beginning of
Lucian's Timon.
[869] _Thura. _ So Mart. , iii. , Ep. ii. , 5, "Thuris piperisque
cucullus. " Ovid, Heroid. , xi. , 4. Virgil applies the epithet _pia_ to
the "Vitta," Æn. , iv. , 637, and to "Far," v. , 745.
[870] _Porci. _ Cf. x. , 355, "Exta, et candiduli divina tomacula porci. "
[871] _Vagellius. _ Perhaps the "desperate ass" mentioned xvi. , 23. Some
read Bathylli.
[872] _Tunicâ. _ The Stoics wore tunics under their gowns, the Cynics
waistcoats only, or a kind of pallium, doubled when necessary. Hor. ,
i. , Ep. xvii. , 25, "Contra, quem duplici panno patientia ve at. "
Diogenes pro pallio et tunicâ contentus erat unâ abollâ ex vili panno
confectâ, quâ dupliciter amiciebatur. Cynicorum hunc habitum ideo
vocabant διπλοΐδα. Hi igitur ἀχίτωνες quidem sed διπλοείματοι. Orell. ,
ad loc. Cf. Diog. Laert, VI. , ii. , iii. , 22, τρίβωνα διπλώσας πρῶτος.
[873] _Epicurum. _ Cf. xiv. , 319, "Quantum Epicure tibi parvis suffecit
in hostis. " Pliny says, xix. , 4, he was the first who introduced the
custom of having a garden to his town house. Prop. , III. , xxi. , 26,
"Hortis docte Epicure, tuis. " Stat. Sylv. , I. , iii. , 94. "The garden
of Epicurus," says Gifford, "was a school of temperance; and would
have afforded little gratification, and still less sanction, to those
sensualists of our day, who, in turning hogs, flatter themselves that
they are becoming Epicureans. "
[874] _Tumultu. _
"And louder sobs and hoarser tumults spread
For ravish'd pence, than friends or kinsmen dead. " Hodgson.
[875] _Deducere. _ Ov. , Met. , vi. , 403, "Dicitur unus flesse Pelops
humerumque suas ad pectora postquam _deduxit vestes_, ostendisse. "
[876] _Humore coacto. _ Ter. , Eun. , I. , i. , 21, "Hæc verba una mehercle
falsa lacrymula Quam oculos terendo miserè vix vi expresserit
Restinguet. " Virg. , Æn. , ii. , 196, "captique dolis lacrymisque coactis. "
[877] _Diversâ parte. _ Others interpret it as being "read by the
opposite party;" as vii. , 156, "quæ veniant diversa parte sagittæ. "
[878] _Vana supervacui_, repeated xvi. , 41.
[879] _Sardonychus. _ Pliny says the sardonyx was the principal gem
employed for seals, "quoniam sola prope gemmarum scalpta ceram non
aufert. " xxxvii. , 6.
"If rogues deny their bend (though ten times o'er
Perused by careful witnesses before),
Whose well-known hand proclaims the glaring lie,
Whose master-signet proves the perjury. " Hodgson.
[880] _Incendia. _ Cf. ix. , 98, "Sumere ferrum, Fuste aperire caput,
candelam apponere valvis, non dubitat. "
[881] _Grandia pocula. _ Alluding perhaps to some of Nero's sacrilegious
spoliations. Suet. , Ner. , 32, 38. It was customary for kings and
nations allied with Rome to send crowns and other valuable offerings to
the temple of Capitoline Jove and others.
[882] _Coronas. _
"Gifts of great nations, crowns of pious kings!
Goblets, to which undated tarnish clings! " Badham.
[883] _Touantem. _ Vid. Dennis's Etruria, vol. i. , p. li. Cf. Suet. ,
Nero, 32, fin. Milman's Horace, p. 66.
"Is much respect for Castor to be felt
By those whose crucibles whole Thunderers melt? " Badh.
[884] _Mercatoremque veneni. _ Shakspeare, Rom. and Jul. ,
"And if a man did need a poison now,
Whose sale is present death in Mantua,
Here lives a caitiff wretch would sell it him. "
[885] _Corio. _ Browne seems to understand this of "a leathern canoe or
coracle," but?
[886] _Simia. _ Cf. ad viii. , 214, "Cujus supplicio non debeat una
parari simia nec serpens unus nec culeus unus. "
[887] _Gallicus. _ Statius has a poem (Sylv. , I. , iv. ), "Soteria pro
Rutilio Gallico. " "Quem penes intrepidæ mitis custodia Romæ. " This
book was probably written, cir. A. D. 94, after the Thebaïs. This Rut.
Gallicus Valens was præfectus urbis and chief magistrate of police for
Domitian; probably succeeding Pegasus (Sat. iv. , 77), who was appointed
by Vespasian. For the _office_, see Tac. , Ann. , vi. , 10, _seq. _ It was
in existence even under Romulus, and continued through the republic.
Augustus, by Mæcenas' advice, greatly increased its authority and
importance. Its jurisdiction was now extended to a circuit of one
hundred miles outside the city walls. The præfectus decided in all
causes between masters and slaves, patrons and clients, guardians and
wards; had the inspection of the mint, the regulation of the markets,
and the superintendence of public amusements.
[888] _Guttur. _ This affection has been attributed, ever since the days
of Vitruvius, to the drinking the mountain water. "Æquicolis in Alpibus
est genus aquæ quam qui bibunt afficiuntur _tumidis gutturibus_,"
viii. , 3.
[889] _Meroë_, vi. , 528, in Ethiopia, is the largest island formed by
the Nile, with a city of the same name, which was the capital of a
kingdom. Strab. , i. , 75. Herod. , ii. , 29. It is now "Atbar," and forms
part of Sennaar and Abyssinia.
[890] _Germani. _ Cf. ad viii. , 252. --_Flavam. _ Galen says the Germans
should be called πυῤῥοὶ rather than ξανθοί. So Mart. , xiv. , Ep. 176,
Sil. iii. 608, "Auricomus Batavus. "--_Torquentem. _ Cf. Tac. Germ.
38, "Insigne gentis obliquare crinem nodoque substringere: horrentem
capillum retro sequuntur ac sæpe in solo vertice religant: in
altitudinem quandam et terrorem adituri bella compti, ut hostium oculis
ornantur. " Mart. Spe. iii. , "Crinibus in nodum tortis venere Sigambri. "
They moistened their hair with a kind of soft soap. Plin. xxviii. 12.
7; v. , 19. Serv. ad Virg. , Æn. , i. , 42; iii. , 537; viii. , 398. Plin. ,
ii. , 85. Festus, _s. v. _ Rituales.
[843] _Sanctum. _ Cf. iii. , 137; viii. , 24.
[844] _Bimembri_, or "with double limbs. " All these prodigies are
common enough in Livy.
[845] _Miranti_ is quite Juvenalian, and better than the common reading
"Mirandis," or the suggestion "liranti. "
[846] _Mulæ. _ Cf. Cic. , de Div. , ii. , 28, "Si quod rarò fit, id
portentum putandum est sapientem esse portentum est; sæpius enim _mulam
peperisse_ arbitror, quam sapientem fuisse. "
[847] _Lapides. _ Cf. Liv. , xxxix. , 37. This prodigy was one of the
causes of consulting the sacred books, which led to the introduction
of the worship of Bona Dea to Rome. Cf. ad ix. , 37. Liv. , xxii. , 1,
"Præneste ardentes lapides cœlo cecidisse. "
[848] _Apium. _ Cf. Liv. , xxiv. , 10. Tac. , Ann. , xii. , 64, "Fastigio
Capitolii examen apium insedit: biformes hominem partus. " Plin. , xi. ,
17.
[849] _Gurgitibus. _ Liv. , xix. , 44, "Flumen Amiterni cruentum
fluxisse. " Virg. , Georg. , i. , 485, "Aut puteis manare cruor cessavit. "
[850] _Arcana. _ "Fidei alterius tacitè commissa sine ullis testibus. "
Lubin. Another interpretation is, "that, having lost it, he held his
tongue, and complained to no one. "
[851] _Superos. _
"Those conscious powers we can with ease contemn,
If, hid from men, we trust our crimes with them. " Dryden.
[852] _Cirrhæi_, from Cirrha in Phocis, near the foot of Mount
Parnassus, the port of Delphi. Cf. vii. , 64, "Dominis Cirrhæ Nysæque
feruntur Pectora. "
[853] _Spicula_; probably from Tibull. , I. , iv. , 21.
"Nec jurare time. Veneris perjuria venti
Irrita per terras et freta summa ferunt.
Perque suas impune sinit Dictynna sagittas
Affirmes, crines perque Minerva suos. "
[854] _Phario. _ The vinegar of Egypt was more celebrated than its wine.
Cf. Mart. , xiii. , Ep. 122. Ath. , ii. , 26.
[855] _Fortunæ. _ See this idea beautifully carried out in Claudian's
invective against Rufinus, lib. i. , 1-24. Such was Horace's religion.
"Credat Judæus Apella, Non ego: namque deos didici securum agere ævum;
nec si quid miri faciat Natura deos id tristes ex alto cœli demittere
tecto. " I. , Sat. v. , 100. Not so Cicero. "Intelligamus _nihil_ horum
_esse fortuitum_. " De Nat. Deor. , ii. , 128.
[856] _Tangunt. _ Cf. xiv. , 218, "Vendet perjuria summâ exiguâ et
Cereris tangens aramq. pedemq. "
[857] _Isis. _ Cf. vi. , 526. Lucan. , viii. , 831, "Nos in templa tuam
Romana accepimus Isim Semideosque canes, et sistra jubentia luctus et
quem tu plangens hominem testaris Osirin. " Blindness, the most common
of Egyptian diseases, was supposed to be the peculiar infliction of
Isis. Cf. Ovid, ex Pont. , i. , 51, "Vidi ego linigeræ numen violasse
fatentem Isidis Isiacos ante sedere focos. Alter ob huic similem
privatus lumine culpam, clamabat mediâ se meruisse viâ. " Pers. , v. ,
186, "Tunc grandes Galli et cum sistro lusca sacerdos. " Sistrum a σείω.
[858] _Ladas. _ A famous runner at Olympia, in the days of Alexander
the Great. Cf. Mart. , x. , Ep. 100, "Habeas licebit alterum pedem Ladæ,
Inepte, frustrà crure ligneo curres;" and ii. , 86. Catull. , iv. , 24,
"Non si Pegaseo ferar volatu, Non Ladas si ego, pennipesve Perseus. "
[859] _Anticyrcâ_, in Phocis, famous for hellebore, supposed to be
of great efficacy in cases of insanity: hence Hor. , ii. , Sat. iii. ,
83, "Nescio an Anticyram ratio illis destinet omnem. " 166, "naviget
Anticyram. " Pers. , iv. , 16, "Anticyras melior sorbere meracas. " Its
Greek name is Ἀντίκιῤῥα. Strabo, ix. , 3. The quantity therefore in
Latin follows the Greek accent. The Phocian Anticyra produced the best
hellebore; but it was also found at Anticyra on the Maliac Gulf, near
Œta. Some think there was a third town of the same name. Hence "Tribus
Anticyris caput insanabile," Hor. , A. P. , 300.
[860] _Archigene. _ Cf. vi. , 236; xiv. , 252.
[861] _Ignoscere. _ "Contemnere pauper creditur atque deos diis
ignoscentibus ipsis," iii. , 145. So Plautus:
"Atque hoc scelesti illi in animum inducunt suum.
Jovem se placare posse donis hostiis,
Et operam et sumptum perdunt: ideo fit, quia
Nihil ei acceptum est a perjuris supplicii. "
[862] _Crucem. _ Badham quotes an Italian epigram, which says that "the
successful adventurer gets _crosses hung on him_, the unsuccessful gets
_hung on the cross_. "
"Some made by villainy, and some undone,
And this ascend a scaffold, that a throne. " Gifford.
[863] _Præcedit. _
"Dare him to swear, he with a cheerful face
Flies to the shrine, and bids thee mend thy pace:
He urges, goes before thee, shows the way,
Nay, pulls thee on, and chides thy dull delay. " Dryden.
[864] _Fiducia. _
"For desperate boldness is the rogue's defense,
And sways the court like honest confidence. " Hodgson.
[865] _Catulli. _ Cf. ad viii. , 186. Urbani some take as a proper name.
Others in the same sense as Sat. vii. , 11. Catull. , xxii. , 2, 9.
[866] _Stentora. _ Hom. , Il. , v.
, 785, Στέντορα χαλκεόφωνον, ὃς τόσον
αὐδήσασχ' ὅσον ἄλλοι πεντήκοντα.
[867] _Gradivus. _ ii. , 128. Hom. , Il. , v. , 859, ὅσσον τ' ἐννεάχιλοι
ἐπίαχον ἢ δεκάχιλοι ἀνέρες--ἔβραχε.
[868] _Audis. _ Cf. ii. , 130, "Nec galeam quassas nec terram cuspide
pulsas, nec quereris patri? " Virg. , Æn. , iv. , 206, "Jupiter Omnipotens!
Adspicis hæc? an te, genitor, quum fulmina torques, nequicquam
horremus? cæcique in nubibus ignes terrificant animos et inania murmura
miscent? " Both passages are ludicrously parodied in the beginning of
Lucian's Timon.
[869] _Thura. _ So Mart. , iii. , Ep. ii. , 5, "Thuris piperisque
cucullus. " Ovid, Heroid. , xi. , 4. Virgil applies the epithet _pia_ to
the "Vitta," Æn. , iv. , 637, and to "Far," v. , 745.
[870] _Porci. _ Cf. x. , 355, "Exta, et candiduli divina tomacula porci. "
[871] _Vagellius. _ Perhaps the "desperate ass" mentioned xvi. , 23. Some
read Bathylli.
[872] _Tunicâ. _ The Stoics wore tunics under their gowns, the Cynics
waistcoats only, or a kind of pallium, doubled when necessary. Hor. ,
i. , Ep. xvii. , 25, "Contra, quem duplici panno patientia ve at. "
Diogenes pro pallio et tunicâ contentus erat unâ abollâ ex vili panno
confectâ, quâ dupliciter amiciebatur. Cynicorum hunc habitum ideo
vocabant διπλοΐδα. Hi igitur ἀχίτωνες quidem sed διπλοείματοι. Orell. ,
ad loc. Cf. Diog. Laert, VI. , ii. , iii. , 22, τρίβωνα διπλώσας πρῶτος.
[873] _Epicurum. _ Cf. xiv. , 319, "Quantum Epicure tibi parvis suffecit
in hostis. " Pliny says, xix. , 4, he was the first who introduced the
custom of having a garden to his town house. Prop. , III. , xxi. , 26,
"Hortis docte Epicure, tuis. " Stat. Sylv. , I. , iii. , 94. "The garden
of Epicurus," says Gifford, "was a school of temperance; and would
have afforded little gratification, and still less sanction, to those
sensualists of our day, who, in turning hogs, flatter themselves that
they are becoming Epicureans. "
[874] _Tumultu. _
"And louder sobs and hoarser tumults spread
For ravish'd pence, than friends or kinsmen dead. " Hodgson.
[875] _Deducere. _ Ov. , Met. , vi. , 403, "Dicitur unus flesse Pelops
humerumque suas ad pectora postquam _deduxit vestes_, ostendisse. "
[876] _Humore coacto. _ Ter. , Eun. , I. , i. , 21, "Hæc verba una mehercle
falsa lacrymula Quam oculos terendo miserè vix vi expresserit
Restinguet. " Virg. , Æn. , ii. , 196, "captique dolis lacrymisque coactis. "
[877] _Diversâ parte. _ Others interpret it as being "read by the
opposite party;" as vii. , 156, "quæ veniant diversa parte sagittæ. "
[878] _Vana supervacui_, repeated xvi. , 41.
[879] _Sardonychus. _ Pliny says the sardonyx was the principal gem
employed for seals, "quoniam sola prope gemmarum scalpta ceram non
aufert. " xxxvii. , 6.
"If rogues deny their bend (though ten times o'er
Perused by careful witnesses before),
Whose well-known hand proclaims the glaring lie,
Whose master-signet proves the perjury. " Hodgson.
[880] _Incendia. _ Cf. ix. , 98, "Sumere ferrum, Fuste aperire caput,
candelam apponere valvis, non dubitat. "
[881] _Grandia pocula. _ Alluding perhaps to some of Nero's sacrilegious
spoliations. Suet. , Ner. , 32, 38. It was customary for kings and
nations allied with Rome to send crowns and other valuable offerings to
the temple of Capitoline Jove and others.
[882] _Coronas. _
"Gifts of great nations, crowns of pious kings!
Goblets, to which undated tarnish clings! " Badham.
[883] _Touantem. _ Vid. Dennis's Etruria, vol. i. , p. li. Cf. Suet. ,
Nero, 32, fin. Milman's Horace, p. 66.
"Is much respect for Castor to be felt
By those whose crucibles whole Thunderers melt? " Badh.
[884] _Mercatoremque veneni. _ Shakspeare, Rom. and Jul. ,
"And if a man did need a poison now,
Whose sale is present death in Mantua,
Here lives a caitiff wretch would sell it him. "
[885] _Corio. _ Browne seems to understand this of "a leathern canoe or
coracle," but?
[886] _Simia. _ Cf. ad viii. , 214, "Cujus supplicio non debeat una
parari simia nec serpens unus nec culeus unus. "
[887] _Gallicus. _ Statius has a poem (Sylv. , I. , iv. ), "Soteria pro
Rutilio Gallico. " "Quem penes intrepidæ mitis custodia Romæ. " This
book was probably written, cir. A. D. 94, after the Thebaïs. This Rut.
Gallicus Valens was præfectus urbis and chief magistrate of police for
Domitian; probably succeeding Pegasus (Sat. iv. , 77), who was appointed
by Vespasian. For the _office_, see Tac. , Ann. , vi. , 10, _seq. _ It was
in existence even under Romulus, and continued through the republic.
Augustus, by Mæcenas' advice, greatly increased its authority and
importance. Its jurisdiction was now extended to a circuit of one
hundred miles outside the city walls. The præfectus decided in all
causes between masters and slaves, patrons and clients, guardians and
wards; had the inspection of the mint, the regulation of the markets,
and the superintendence of public amusements.
[888] _Guttur. _ This affection has been attributed, ever since the days
of Vitruvius, to the drinking the mountain water. "Æquicolis in Alpibus
est genus aquæ quam qui bibunt afficiuntur _tumidis gutturibus_,"
viii. , 3.
[889] _Meroë_, vi. , 528, in Ethiopia, is the largest island formed by
the Nile, with a city of the same name, which was the capital of a
kingdom. Strab. , i. , 75. Herod. , ii. , 29. It is now "Atbar," and forms
part of Sennaar and Abyssinia.
[890] _Germani. _ Cf. ad viii. , 252. --_Flavam. _ Galen says the Germans
should be called πυῤῥοὶ rather than ξανθοί. So Mart. , xiv. , Ep. 176,
Sil. iii. 608, "Auricomus Batavus. "--_Torquentem. _ Cf. Tac. Germ.
38, "Insigne gentis obliquare crinem nodoque substringere: horrentem
capillum retro sequuntur ac sæpe in solo vertice religant: in
altitudinem quandam et terrorem adituri bella compti, ut hostium oculis
ornantur. " Mart. Spe. iii. , "Crinibus in nodum tortis venere Sigambri. "
They moistened their hair with a kind of soft soap. Plin. xxviii. 12.
