1855 'The forts [in the
Caucasus]
had never
been built, and the men existed only on paper.
been built, and the men existed only on paper.
Demosthenese - First Philippic and the Olynthiacs
(?
34, 18 ?
244) : a favourite order of
enumeration with Demosthenes, the second event in the order
of time being mentioned first, and followed by the first and
last; 16 ? 14 Kai Aaxefiar/mvlous Kai 1rp6-repov Gvyflalous Kai 'rd
Tehev-ra'iov Edfioe? as 500017611 7') 1r6hzs. 1rp(il'r|v, 'the other
day,' 19 ? 209 Teheu-raiov . . 1rpdn7u, 9 ? 12 1rpo'nyv contrasted
with Tc't Tshevra'ia, 19 ? 200 'rd Tehevra'ia. 6' gva'yxos'. In 22 ? 14
npdmv is applied in 355 B. C. to an event of 357 13. 0. '
'l'l'puinv is the form found in S here and in 9 ? ? 12, 27; [13] ? 14, 19
? 209, 22 ? 14, etc. ; 1'91:qu in 8 ? ? 4, 8 ; 18 ? 130. wpqi'nv is supported
by the Granunarians quoted by Voelnel Cont. Proleg. ? 80.
151. els Hfihos: see 1. 146. _ toms, 'possibly'; an
intentional bathos after the undoubted achievements of the
past. av opp-firm": uninfluenced by dependence on
rapaa'rfio'at (Goodwin M T. ? 168).
? 18 l_. 151. oii-rol. nawehfis: Sosipater 06 war-reth e15-
Karo? p6vnros 1'7 "re? xvn l . . e? o'riv imam, Menander 01': rav-
Tehdis 66? refs 1ror17pois e? -rn'rpe? reul, I aihh' dwe'rd'r'reafl'.
152. 068(e? ), 'not even' ; repeats with emphasis the preceding
06 in 01171". at p-Pl woufia-avr' dv, 'if you would not do
this'; a potential Opt. (with dv) expressing a present con-
dition (Goodwin 1111'. ? 506), 24 ? 154 006% o'1re? puo. 5s?
xaraflcthhew . . 'roLoliva rpa'yod-rwv, 0155' el ,uni 1rw 8. 1! ? K? lioz,
and 20 ? 62. WOL'fiU'd-L'l" dv Iroi'rro can only refer
to law: 8. 1! aplLfiO'aLTe, and 'rofrro must be understood as the
subject to firm. Philip cannot afford to despise a. fleet that
is always ready for action, even although the Athenians are
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 88 FIRST PHILIPPIC' IV ? ? 18, 19
not prepared to follow the orator's advice by rendering personal
service.
153. ? v(a. ) cannot belong to the previous sentence, which
must be treated as arenthetical. It must be connected with
the sentence before t e parenthesis.
154. (drpe'n'zis fruits: so. din-as, ? 41 (Goodwin MT. ? 911).
155. eta-l. . . etc-(v: emphatic repetition, as in ? 46; 2
? 10. timyye? hhov'res: in Greek Tragedy the e'Ed'y'yehos is
defined as d'y'yekos 6 16. {me 'yryove? -ra 'ro'is {Em d'y'ye? va.
'This is the orator's earliest allusion' (says Grote viii 68)
'to a party in Athens in communication with, and probably
paid by, Philip himself. We may be very certain that there
were Athenian citizens serving as Philip's secret agents, though
we cannot assign their names. ' The traitors here referred to
are doubtless isolated individuals like Neoptolemus and Aristo-
demus (5 ? 6, 19 ? 12); at present there was no formally
constituted Macedonian party at Athens.
157. Me? kaxlros, '03 his guard' (so that his territory is
invaded in his absence), Xen. C'yrop. i 6, 19; probably a
metaphor from wrestling. A similar metaphor is partly im-
plied in l. 159 dv {VSqi mupdv, cp. Aristoph. Eq. 854 Rafi-hr yap
e? vfie? ewxas. pqSevos: neuter ; 3 ? 8. ,uvfi is due either to
dependence on the final particle Zva, or to the conditional
sense of the participle rm; ('should there be nothing') and
of the context in general.
? 191. 159. SeSe? XOm. . . rupeo'xevdo'ear: perf. denoting im-
mediate action ;'8 ? 3 01/10. ; 1571! TGXttTTflI! au,u? e? pew flcfiovhefia'dal.
Kat rapsa'xevdvdai, 14 ? 17 oii-rw ourrerdxlim. rim/1. 2 665v, 20 ? 54,
Plate Unite 46 B. '
160. duly-186v: l. 139.
161. mph 8% Tofiruv: not inconsistent with 1rp610u ,u. e? v in
? 16. It is there proposed to hold a fleet in reserve, ready
for immediate action; it is here suggested, as a still more
urgent matter, ante omnia, that a small standing force should
be got together to make incessant war on Philip. Cp.
ASchaefer Dem. ii 622 note. Sfivapw . . fl rwexe? s
wokepn'la-ei. : ? 32 rapaaxevf; aux/eer Kal our/dam.
163. pf] pot: Mime or Mth ns: 'none of your . . mer-
cenaries for me. ' Aristoph. Ach. 345 mi ,u. oL 1rp6? adw, Veep.
1179 ,uv'; pol 'ye p. 600", Plato Mano 74 D, Prot. 331 o.
164. e? srrrrohpatovs: among other adjectives with this
rare termination are d-ypmaios, e? pwa'yma'ios, eliwa/mios, 6130-
Mpa'z'os, avkko'y'pa'ios and brofiokmai'os. e? lr. Semi-pus,
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? IV ? 19, 20 FIRST PHILIPPIO' 89
'forces on paper,' lit. 'written in lettcrs,' i. e. promised (in
despatches) to the generals or allies, but never sent (K. )
Shakes care 2 Henry 11' Act i Sc. 3, 56 We fortify in paper and
in figures Using the names of men instead of men. Whiston quotes from
La. Praise for 30th Oct.
1855 'The forts [in the Caucasus] had never
been built, and the men existed only on paper. The division of reserve
was imaginary; the forts, castles in the air. '
165. 'rfis 1r6hews {tr-rut: ? 27 (cp. ? 7 1. 68; 9 ? 56 fia'av . .
@th'rrrou), 'shall belong to the state,' and be under its control ;
as contrasted with mercenaries mainly dependent on their
commanders and sometimes even acting on their own account
[? 24). 13 ? 5 Tip! (hiya;er 1'5): rbhews olKelav elval. Kav
tpeis . . xenpo'rovfio-q-re . . WG'O'i'I'd-L: the first Kdv is equi-
valent to Kai Kay ('and whether'), which is avoided on
grounds of euphony. mi in Mr in fact does duty with both
verbs.
167. 'roi'mp "(c-era; deohouefic'a: contrasted with ? 24
6 01111117176: dKohoqu'i. Xen. Anab. i 3, 6 0/167; e? noi (Clearchus)
013K e? fie? here relQeaQaL 0656' e? '1reo'0at.
168. rpo? fiv=mn7pe? mov, ? 29.
? 20 l. 169. TC; . . 11'60'11 . . 160w; ? ? 13, 15.
170. rai'rr' ieehfio'u woreiv: sc. welOeaOat deohouOcIv l. 167.
171. me' Zkaa'rov, the object of Bieitdw, is treated as
equivalent to a single word. Isocr. 5 ? 59 KaO' e? 'Kao'rov 16v
1616 7L'yvo,u. e? vwll cl TL: he? 'yetv e? mxetpfia'ete, Thuc. v 68, 1 i)
Ka0' e? Ka'w-rous e? KaTe? pwv 17 Eunrawas, Plato Rep. 436 B. Cp.
Dem. 2 ? 24, 9 ? 22 MW Z'va . . hwrooureiv n'bv 'Ehh'r'lvwv,
and 54 ? 26.
172. firms; plv he? 'yw: the construction is interrupted by a.
sentence deprecating criticism on the small amount of the pro~
posed force, and is resumed in an altered form with he? 'yw 51f.
swans p-fi "mile-ere, 'beware of doing. ' Amon 33 inde'
pendent clauses with 81rws ,ufi 10 have the Subj. , an 4 others
have in the M88 more or less support for the Subj. ; 5 of these
10 express warning, and according to the Mss the resent
passage is one of these. The other 4 passages are Aristop . Nnb.
824 81m: . . pvh 648d? ns, Plato P'rot. 3130 (51m: px'r) . . eg-
ararfiay, Charm. 1573 61m: nnfiels oe relay, and Euthyd.
296 A 61m: nil . . aMhy. Four of these Subjunctives are of the
a- class, easily confounded with the Fut. Indic. (Goodwin MT.
? 283, where 61m: pa) with Subj. in prohibitions is supported
by the analogy of In! ) with Subj. in the same sense). The
Fut. Indie. is, however, far more frequent, e. g. 19 ? 92 firms
prqfie? v e? pcis, ii). 45 b'nws . . 'rozh'ovs e? 'rrawe'a'eafle Kai rtnna'e're
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 90 FIRST PHILIPPIC' IV ? 20, 21
Kal ore? amboere, . . 81rws Tod-rots 6p'yLeTa'06, il). 46 51mm ,u'i]
1rpoa'1ronicrel (S), [13] ? 14 81mm 5% ,wh dopuflfiael. (S) ,um undeis,
21 ? 216 limos e? 1re? ? u T<p ma,qu Kal m'y drake"; (P Y, Dind. :
640119011 81, lilnss; in either case the 2nd Pers. Future Mid.
is meant), Ep. 1 ? 14 b'1rws ,m'7 dee? de'rou. #176' . . drade? o'e-raz. As
instances of drrws with Fut. in commands we have 41 ? 17
b'1rws Tom-oval 6:56. 56", 8 ? 38 81mg 1roleiv Wehfizrovaw (S L).
The above are all the examples in Demosthenes. The only
examples in Lysias are 1 ? 21 61mm . . ,unfieis dvfipdnrwu reliUGTaL,
and 12 ? 50 firms p. 51 ? avfi061an It is only found once in
Isaeus, 11 ? 5 time; M; 6:62:10 e? peTs.
The instance in the text is the only one 'directly addressed to the body
before whom the oration is delivered . . The orator begins ? e? vovs pe? v
Ae? yw, and then, suddenly breaking off, stirs up his hearers by a. vigorous
parenthesis, ml 81m; n5, wotfirree' etc. How much more effective this than
an entreating "i1 norvicng'. " (CWEMiller in AJP. xiii 403). Op. PWeber's
Absiehtxsiitze ii 39, 123 f, who concludes his investigation by declaring the
Fut. Ind. to be alone permissible with 31m; in independent clauses.
173. miv'r' Dui'r'rai vopCZoV'l-es: explanatory asyndeton, as
in how. 8 ? 25 flouhewa/Le? vous 61m: . . ,wi] WOLfiUOIJ-GV threp aid:-
0a,ucv, 6M'yov prvov 5LG>\L1I'6VT? 9 sis 161. : al'rrds 'rapaxds Kara. -
d'rnae? pefla, ib. 5 ? 123. GP. ? 14.
174. e? v rois \IIqeblo-pao-w: 3 ? 14, here contrasted with
e? -n't 're? i rpe? -r'rew, ' when it comes to action. '
175. wpd-r-rew . . wonei're: 3 ?
enumeration with Demosthenes, the second event in the order
of time being mentioned first, and followed by the first and
last; 16 ? 14 Kai Aaxefiar/mvlous Kai 1rp6-repov Gvyflalous Kai 'rd
Tehev-ra'iov Edfioe? as 500017611 7') 1r6hzs. 1rp(il'r|v, 'the other
day,' 19 ? 209 Teheu-raiov . . 1rpdn7u, 9 ? 12 1rpo'nyv contrasted
with Tc't Tshevra'ia, 19 ? 200 'rd Tehevra'ia. 6' gva'yxos'. In 22 ? 14
npdmv is applied in 355 B. C. to an event of 357 13. 0. '
'l'l'puinv is the form found in S here and in 9 ? ? 12, 27; [13] ? 14, 19
? 209, 22 ? 14, etc. ; 1'91:qu in 8 ? ? 4, 8 ; 18 ? 130. wpqi'nv is supported
by the Granunarians quoted by Voelnel Cont. Proleg. ? 80.
151. els Hfihos: see 1. 146. _ toms, 'possibly'; an
intentional bathos after the undoubted achievements of the
past. av opp-firm": uninfluenced by dependence on
rapaa'rfio'at (Goodwin M T. ? 168).
? 18 l_. 151. oii-rol. nawehfis: Sosipater 06 war-reth e15-
Karo? p6vnros 1'7 "re? xvn l . . e? o'riv imam, Menander 01': rav-
Tehdis 66? refs 1ror17pois e? -rn'rpe? reul, I aihh' dwe'rd'r'reafl'.
152. 068(e? ), 'not even' ; repeats with emphasis the preceding
06 in 01171". at p-Pl woufia-avr' dv, 'if you would not do
this'; a potential Opt. (with dv) expressing a present con-
dition (Goodwin 1111'. ? 506), 24 ? 154 006% o'1re? puo. 5s?
xaraflcthhew . . 'roLoliva rpa'yod-rwv, 0155' el ,uni 1rw 8. 1! ? K? lioz,
and 20 ? 62. WOL'fiU'd-L'l" dv Iroi'rro can only refer
to law: 8. 1! aplLfiO'aLTe, and 'rofrro must be understood as the
subject to firm. Philip cannot afford to despise a. fleet that
is always ready for action, even although the Athenians are
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 88 FIRST PHILIPPIC' IV ? ? 18, 19
not prepared to follow the orator's advice by rendering personal
service.
153. ? v(a. ) cannot belong to the previous sentence, which
must be treated as arenthetical. It must be connected with
the sentence before t e parenthesis.
154. (drpe'n'zis fruits: so. din-as, ? 41 (Goodwin MT. ? 911).
155. eta-l. . . etc-(v: emphatic repetition, as in ? 46; 2
? 10. timyye? hhov'res: in Greek Tragedy the e'Ed'y'yehos is
defined as d'y'yekos 6 16. {me 'yryove? -ra 'ro'is {Em d'y'ye? va.
'This is the orator's earliest allusion' (says Grote viii 68)
'to a party in Athens in communication with, and probably
paid by, Philip himself. We may be very certain that there
were Athenian citizens serving as Philip's secret agents, though
we cannot assign their names. ' The traitors here referred to
are doubtless isolated individuals like Neoptolemus and Aristo-
demus (5 ? 6, 19 ? 12); at present there was no formally
constituted Macedonian party at Athens.
157. Me? kaxlros, '03 his guard' (so that his territory is
invaded in his absence), Xen. C'yrop. i 6, 19; probably a
metaphor from wrestling. A similar metaphor is partly im-
plied in l. 159 dv {VSqi mupdv, cp. Aristoph. Eq. 854 Rafi-hr yap
e? vfie? ewxas. pqSevos: neuter ; 3 ? 8. ,uvfi is due either to
dependence on the final particle Zva, or to the conditional
sense of the participle rm; ('should there be nothing') and
of the context in general.
? 191. 159. SeSe? XOm. . . rupeo'xevdo'ear: perf. denoting im-
mediate action ;'8 ? 3 01/10. ; 1571! TGXttTTflI! au,u? e? pew flcfiovhefia'dal.
Kat rapsa'xevdvdai, 14 ? 17 oii-rw ourrerdxlim. rim/1. 2 665v, 20 ? 54,
Plate Unite 46 B. '
160. duly-186v: l. 139.
161. mph 8% Tofiruv: not inconsistent with 1rp610u ,u. e? v in
? 16. It is there proposed to hold a fleet in reserve, ready
for immediate action; it is here suggested, as a still more
urgent matter, ante omnia, that a small standing force should
be got together to make incessant war on Philip. Cp.
ASchaefer Dem. ii 622 note. Sfivapw . . fl rwexe? s
wokepn'la-ei. : ? 32 rapaaxevf; aux/eer Kal our/dam.
163. pf] pot: Mime or Mth ns: 'none of your . . mer-
cenaries for me. ' Aristoph. Ach. 345 mi ,u. oL 1rp6? adw, Veep.
1179 ,uv'; pol 'ye p. 600", Plato Mano 74 D, Prot. 331 o.
164. e? srrrrohpatovs: among other adjectives with this
rare termination are d-ypmaios, e? pwa'yma'ios, eliwa/mios, 6130-
Mpa'z'os, avkko'y'pa'ios and brofiokmai'os. e? lr. Semi-pus,
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? IV ? 19, 20 FIRST PHILIPPIO' 89
'forces on paper,' lit. 'written in lettcrs,' i. e. promised (in
despatches) to the generals or allies, but never sent (K. )
Shakes care 2 Henry 11' Act i Sc. 3, 56 We fortify in paper and
in figures Using the names of men instead of men. Whiston quotes from
La. Praise for 30th Oct.
1855 'The forts [in the Caucasus] had never
been built, and the men existed only on paper. The division of reserve
was imaginary; the forts, castles in the air. '
165. 'rfis 1r6hews {tr-rut: ? 27 (cp. ? 7 1. 68; 9 ? 56 fia'av . .
@th'rrrou), 'shall belong to the state,' and be under its control ;
as contrasted with mercenaries mainly dependent on their
commanders and sometimes even acting on their own account
[? 24). 13 ? 5 Tip! (hiya;er 1'5): rbhews olKelav elval. Kav
tpeis . . xenpo'rovfio-q-re . . WG'O'i'I'd-L: the first Kdv is equi-
valent to Kai Kay ('and whether'), which is avoided on
grounds of euphony. mi in Mr in fact does duty with both
verbs.
167. 'roi'mp "(c-era; deohouefic'a: contrasted with ? 24
6 01111117176: dKohoqu'i. Xen. Anab. i 3, 6 0/167; e? noi (Clearchus)
013K e? fie? here relQeaQaL 0656' e? '1reo'0at.
168. rpo? fiv=mn7pe? mov, ? 29.
? 20 l. 169. TC; . . 11'60'11 . . 160w; ? ? 13, 15.
170. rai'rr' ieehfio'u woreiv: sc. welOeaOat deohouOcIv l. 167.
171. me' Zkaa'rov, the object of Bieitdw, is treated as
equivalent to a single word. Isocr. 5 ? 59 KaO' e? 'Kao'rov 16v
1616 7L'yvo,u. e? vwll cl TL: he? 'yetv e? mxetpfia'ete, Thuc. v 68, 1 i)
Ka0' e? Ka'w-rous e? KaTe? pwv 17 Eunrawas, Plato Rep. 436 B. Cp.
Dem. 2 ? 24, 9 ? 22 MW Z'va . . hwrooureiv n'bv 'Ehh'r'lvwv,
and 54 ? 26.
172. firms; plv he? 'yw: the construction is interrupted by a.
sentence deprecating criticism on the small amount of the pro~
posed force, and is resumed in an altered form with he? 'yw 51f.
swans p-fi "mile-ere, 'beware of doing. ' Amon 33 inde'
pendent clauses with 81rws ,ufi 10 have the Subj. , an 4 others
have in the M88 more or less support for the Subj. ; 5 of these
10 express warning, and according to the Mss the resent
passage is one of these. The other 4 passages are Aristop . Nnb.
824 81m: . . pvh 648d? ns, Plato P'rot. 3130 (51m: px'r) . . eg-
ararfiay, Charm. 1573 61m: nnfiels oe relay, and Euthyd.
296 A 61m: nil . . aMhy. Four of these Subjunctives are of the
a- class, easily confounded with the Fut. Indic. (Goodwin MT.
? 283, where 61m: pa) with Subj. in prohibitions is supported
by the analogy of In! ) with Subj. in the same sense). The
Fut. Indie. is, however, far more frequent, e. g. 19 ? 92 firms
prqfie? v e? pcis, ii). 45 b'nws . . 'rozh'ovs e? 'rrawe'a'eafle Kai rtnna'e're
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 90 FIRST PHILIPPIC' IV ? 20, 21
Kal ore? amboere, . . 81rws Tod-rots 6p'yLeTa'06, il). 46 51mm ,u'i]
1rpoa'1ronicrel (S), [13] ? 14 81mm 5% ,wh dopuflfiael. (S) ,um undeis,
21 ? 216 limos e? 1re? ? u T<p ma,qu Kal m'y drake"; (P Y, Dind. :
640119011 81, lilnss; in either case the 2nd Pers. Future Mid.
is meant), Ep. 1 ? 14 b'1rws ,m'7 dee? de'rou. #176' . . drade? o'e-raz. As
instances of drrws with Fut. in commands we have 41 ? 17
b'1rws Tom-oval 6:56. 56", 8 ? 38 81mg 1roleiv Wehfizrovaw (S L).
The above are all the examples in Demosthenes. The only
examples in Lysias are 1 ? 21 61mm . . ,unfieis dvfipdnrwu reliUGTaL,
and 12 ? 50 firms p. 51 ? avfi061an It is only found once in
Isaeus, 11 ? 5 time; M; 6:62:10 e? peTs.
The instance in the text is the only one 'directly addressed to the body
before whom the oration is delivered . . The orator begins ? e? vovs pe? v
Ae? yw, and then, suddenly breaking off, stirs up his hearers by a. vigorous
parenthesis, ml 81m; n5, wotfirree' etc. How much more effective this than
an entreating "i1 norvicng'. " (CWEMiller in AJP. xiii 403). Op. PWeber's
Absiehtxsiitze ii 39, 123 f, who concludes his investigation by declaring the
Fut. Ind. to be alone permissible with 31m; in independent clauses.
173. miv'r' Dui'r'rai vopCZoV'l-es: explanatory asyndeton, as
in how. 8 ? 25 flouhewa/Le? vous 61m: . . ,wi] WOLfiUOIJ-GV threp aid:-
0a,ucv, 6M'yov prvov 5LG>\L1I'6VT? 9 sis 161. : al'rrds 'rapaxds Kara. -
d'rnae? pefla, ib. 5 ? 123. GP. ? 14.
174. e? v rois \IIqeblo-pao-w: 3 ? 14, here contrasted with
e? -n't 're? i rpe? -r'rew, ' when it comes to action. '
175. wpd-r-rew . . wonei're: 3 ?
