No More Learning

He commanded me ofttimes that I
should seek to see this youthful angel; so that I in my boyhood
often went seeking her, and saw her of such noble and praise-
worthy deportment, that truly of her might be said that word of
the poet Homer, "She seems not the daughter of mortal man,
but of God. " And though her image, which stayed constantly
with me, gave assurance to Love to hold lordship over me, yet
it was of such noble virtue that it never suffered Love to rule
me without the faithful counsel of the reason in those matters in
which it was useful to hear such counsel. And since to dwell
upon the passions and actions of such early youth seems like
telling an idle tale, I will leave them, and, passing over many
things which might be drawn from the original where these lie
hidden, I will come to those words which are written in my
memory under larger paragraphs.


## p. 4351 (#121) ###########################################


DANTE
I
H
L
J
1
e
4351
II
THE FIRST SALUTATION OF HIS LADY
When so many days had passed that nine years were exactly
complete since the above-described apparition of this most gentle
lady, on the last of these days it happened that this admirable
lady appeared to me, clothed in purest white, between two gentle
ladies, who were of greater age; and, passing along a street, she
turned her eyes toward that place where I stood very timidly,
and by her ineffable courtesy, which is to-day rewarded in the
eternal world, saluted me with such virtue that it seemed to me
then that I saw all the bounds of bliss. . . . And since it
was the first time that her words came to my ears, I took in
such sweetness that, as it were intoxicated, I turned away from
the folk, and betaking myself to the solitude of my own chamber,
I sat myself down to think of this most courteous lady.
And thinking of her, a sweet slumber overcame me, in which
a marvelous vision appeared to
. And [when I
awoke] thinking on what had appeared to me, I resolved to
make it known to many who were famous poets at that time;
and since I had already seen in myself the art of discoursing in
rhyme, I resolved to make a sonnet, in which I would salute all
the liegemen of Love, and would write to them that which I had
seen in my slumber.
III
THE PRAISE OF HIS LADY
Inasmuch as through my looks many persons had learned the
secret of my heart, certain ladies who were met together, taking
pleasure in one another's company, were well acquainted with my
heart, because each of them had witnessed many of my discom-
fitures. And I, passing near them, as chance led me, was called
by one of these gentle ladies; and she who had called me was a
lady of very pleasing speech; so that when I drew nigh to them
and saw plainly that my most gentle lady was not among them,
reassuring myself, I saluted them and asked what might be
their pleasure. The ladies were many, and certain of them were
laughing together. There were others who were looking at me,
awaiting what I might say. There were others who were talking
together, one of whom, turning her eyes toward me, and calling
me by name, said these words: -"To what end lovest thou this


## p. 4352 (#122) ###########################################

4352
DANTE
thy lady, since thou canst not sustain her presence? Tell it to
us, for surely the end of such a love must be most strange. »
And when she had said these words to me, not only she, but all
the others, began to await with their look my reply. Then I
said to them these words: -"My ladies, the end of my love was
formerly the salutation of this lady of whom you perchance are
thinking, and in that dwelt the beatitude which was the end of
all my desires. But since it has pleased her to deny it to me,
my lord Love, through his grace, has placed all my beatitude
in that which cannot fail me. "
Then these ladies began to speak together: and as sometimes
we see rain falling mingled with beautiful snow, so it seemed to
me I saw their words issue mingled with sighs. And after they
had somewhat spoken among themselves, this lady who had first
spoken to me said to me yet these words:- "We pray thee that
thou tell us wherein consists this beatitude of thine. " And I,
replying to her, said thus:-"In those words which praise my
lady. " And she replied: "If thou hast told us the truth, those
words which thou hadst said to her, setting forth thine own con-
dition, must have been composed with other intent. ”
Then I, thinking on these words, as if ashamed, departed
from them, and went saying within myself:-"Since there is
such beatitude in those words which praise my lady, why has
my speech been of aught else? " And therefore I resolved
always henceforth to take for theme of my speech that which
should be the praise of this most gentle one. And thinking
much on this, I seemed to myself to have undertaken a theme
too lofty for me, so that I dared not to begin; and thus I tar-
ried some days with desire to speak, and with fear of beginning.
Then it came to pass that, walking on a road alongside of
which was flowing a very clear stream, so great a desire to say
somewhat in verse came upon me, that I began to consider the
method I should observe; and I thought that to speak of her
would not be becoming unless I were to speak to ladies in the
second person; and not to every lady, but only to those who are
gentle, and are not women merely. Then I say that my tongue
spoke as if moved of its own accord, and said, Ladies that have
intelligence of Love. These words I laid up in my mind with
great joy, thinking to take them for my beginning; wherefore
then, having returned to the above-mentioned city, after some
days of thought, I began a canzone with this beginning.


## p. 4353 (#123) ###########################################


DANTE
4353
IV
VIII-273
THE LOVELINESS OF HIS LADY
This most gentle lady, of whom there has been discourse in
the preceding words, came into such favor among the people,
that when she passed along the way, persons ran to see her;
which gave me wonderful joy. And when she was near any one,
such modesty came into his heart that he dared not raise his
eyes, or return her salutation; and of this many, as having
experienced it, could bear witness for me to whoso might not
believe it. She, crowned and clothed with humility, took her
way, showing no pride in that which she saw and heard. Many
said, when she had passed: "This is not a woman; rather she is
one of the most beautiful angels of heaven. " And others said:
"She is a marvel. Blessed be the Lord who can work thus
admirably! " I say that she showed herself so gentle and so full
of all pleasantness, that those who looked on her comprehended
in themselves a pure and sweet delight, such as they could not
after tell in words; nor was there any who might look upon her
but that at first he needs must sigh. These and more admirable
things proceeded from her admirably and with power. Where-
fore I, thinking upon this, desiring to resume the style of her
praise, resolved to say words in which I would set forth her
admirable and excellent influences, to the end that not only those
who might actually behold her, but also others, should know of
her whatever words could tell. Then I devised this sonnet:
So gentle and so gracious doth appear
My lady when she giveth her salute,
That every tongue becometh, trembling, mute;
Nor do the eyes to look upon her dare.
Although she hears her praises, she doth go
Benignly vested with humility;
And like a thing come down she seems to be
From heaven to earth, a miracle to show.
So pleaseth she whoever cometh nigh,
She gives the heart a sweetness through the eyes,
Which none can understand who doth not prove.
And from her countenance there seems to move
A spirit sweet and in Love's very guise,
Who to the soul, in going, sayeth: Sigh!
—


## p. 4354 (#124) ###########################################

DANTE
4354
V
THE DEATH OF HIS LADY
After that I began to think one day upon what I had said of
my lady, that is, in these two preceding sonnets; and seeing in
my thought that I had not spoken of that which at the present
time she wrought in me, it seemed to me that I had spoken
defectively; and therefore I resolved to say words in which I
would tell how I seemed to myself to be disposed to her influ-
ence, and how her virtue wrought in me. And not believing
that I could relate this in the brevity of a sonnet, I began then
a canzone.
Quomodo sedet sola civitas plena populo! facta est quasi vidua domina
gentium. [How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people!
How is she become as a widow! she that was great among the
nations. ]
I was yet full of the design of this canzone, and had com-
pleted [one] stanza thereof, when the Lord of Justice called this
most gentle one to glory, under the banner of that holy Queen
Mary, whose name was ever spoken with greatest reverence by
this blessed Beatrice.
VI
THE ANNIVERSARY OF THE DEATH OF HIS LADY
On that day on which the year was complete since this lady
was made one of the denizens of life eternal, I was seated in a
place where, having her in mind, I was drawing an angel upon
certain tablets. And while I was drawing it, I turned my eyes
and saw at my side men to whom it was meet to do honor. They
were looking on what I did, and, as was afterwards told me, they
had been there already some time before I became aware of it.
When I saw them I rose, and saluting them, said, "Another was
just now with me, and on that account I was in thought. " And
when they had gone away, I returned to my work, namely, that
of drawing figures of angels; and while doing this, a thought
came to me of saying words in rhyme, as if for an anniversary
poem of her, and of addressing those persons who had come to
me.


## p. 4355 (#125) ###########################################


DANTE
4355
After this, two gentle ladies sent to ask me to send them
some of these rhymed words of mine; wherefore I, thinking on
their nobleness, resolved to send to them and to make a new
thing which I would send to them with these, in order that I
might fulfill their prayers with the more honor. And I devised
then a sonnet which relates my condition, and I sent it to them.
Beyond the sphere that widest orbit hath
Passes the sigh which issues from my heart:
A new Intelligence doth Love impart
In tears to him, which guides his upward path.
When at the place desired, his course he stays,
A lady he beholds in honor dight,
Who so doth shine that through her splendid light,
The pilgrim spirit upon her doth gaze.
He sees her such, that dark his words I find-
—
When he reports, his speech so subtle is
Unto the grieving heart which makes him tell;
But of that gentle one he speaks, I wis,
Since oft he bringeth Beatrice to mind,
So that, O ladies dear, I understand him well.
VII
THE HOPE TO SPEAK MORE WORTHILY OF HIS LADY
After this, a wonderful vision appeared to me, in which I
saw things which made me resolve to speak no more of the
blessed one, until I could more worthily treat of her. And to
attain to this, I study to the utmost of my power, as she truly
knows. So that, if it shall please Him through whom all things.
live that my life be prolonged for some years, I hope to say of
her what was never said of any woman.
And then may it please him who is the Lord of Grace, that
my soul may go to behold the glory of its lady, namely of that
blessed Beatrice, who in glory looks upon the face of Him qui
est per omnia sæcula benedictus [who is blessed forever].


## p. 4356 (#126) ###########################################

4356
DANTE
The translations from the
Convito' are made for A Library of the World's
Best Literature by Professor Norton
THE CONVITO
I
THE CONSOLATION OF PHILOSOPHY
"WHE
HEN the first delight of my soul was lost, of which men-
tion has already been made, I remained pierced with
such affliction that no comfort availed me. Nevertheless,
after some time, my mind, which was endeavoring to heal itself,
undertook, since neither my own nor others' consoling availed,
to turn to the mode which other comfortless ones had adopted
for their consolation. And I set myself to reading that book of
Boëthius, not known to many, in which he, a prisoner and an
exile, had consoled himself. And hearing, moreover, that Tully
had written a book in which, treating of friendship, he had
introduced words of consolation for Lælius, a most excellent
man, on the death of Scipio his friend, I set myself to read
that. And although it was difficult for me at first to enter into
their meaning, I finally entered into it, so far as my knowledge
of Latin and a little of my own genius permitted; through
which genius I already, as if in a dream, saw many things, as
may be seen in the New Life. ' And as it sometimes happens
that a man goes seeking silver, and beyond his expectation finds.
gold, which a hidden occasion affords, not perchance without
Divine guidance, so I, who was seeking to console myself, found
not only relief for my tears, but the substance of authors, and of
knowledge, and of books; reflecting upon which, I came to the
conclusion that Philosophy, who was the Lady of these authors,
this knowledge, and these books, was a supreme thing. And I
imagined her as having the features of a gentle lady; and I
could not imagine her in any but a compassionate act; wherefore
my sense so willingly admired her in truth, that I could hardly
turn it from her. And after this imagination I began to go
there where she displayed herself truly, that is to say, to the
school of the religious, and to the disputations of the philoso-
phers, so that in a short time, perhaps in thirty months, I began
to feel so much of her sweetness that the love of her chased
away and destroyed every other thought. "
The Banquet,' ii. 13.


## p. 4357 (#127) ###########################################


DANTE
4357
II
THE DESIRE OF THE SOUL
The supreme desire of everything, and that first given by
Nature, is to return to its source; and since God is the source of
our souls and Maker of them in his own likeness, as is written,
"Let us make man in our image, after our likeness," to him
this soul desires above all to return. And as a pilgrim, who
goes along a road on which he never was before, thinks every
house he sees afa off to be his inn, and not finding it so, directs
his trust to the next, and thus from house to house till he comes
to the inn, so our soul at once, on entering the new and untrav-
eled road of this life, turns her eyes to the goal of her supreme
good, and therefore whatever thing she sees which seems to have
in it some good, she believes to be that. And because her knowl-
edge at first is imperfect, not being experienced or instructed,
small goods seem to her great, therefore she begins with desiring
them. Wherefore we see children desire exceedingly an apple;
and then proceeding further, desire a little bird; and further still
a beautiful dress; and then a horse, and then a woman, and then
riches not great, and then greater, and then as great as can be.
And this happens because in none of these does she find that
which she is seeking, and she trusts to find it further on.
Truly this way is lost by error as the roads of earth are; for
as from one city to another there is of necessity one best and
straightest way, and another that always leads away from it, that
is, one which goes in another direction, and many others, some
less diverging, and some approaching less near, so in human life
are divers roads, of which one is the truest, and another the
most deceitful, and certain ones less deceitful, and certain less
true. And as we see that that which goes straightest to the city
fulfills desire, and gives repose after weariness, and that which
goes contrary never fulfills it, and can never give repose, so it
falls out in our life: the good traveler arrives at the goal and
repose, the mistaken never arrives there, but with much weari-
ness of his mind always looks forward with greedy eyes.
'The Banquet,' iv. 12.


## p. 4358 (#128) ###########################################

4358
DANTE
III
THE NOBLE SOUL AT THE END OF LIFE
The noble Soul in old age returns to God as to that port
whence she set forth on the sea of this life. And as the good
mariner, when he approaches port, furls his sails, and with slow
course gently enters it, so should we furl the sails of our worldly
affairs and turn to God with our whole mind and heart, so that
we may arrive at that port with all sweetness and peace. And
in regard to this we have from our own nature a great lesson of
sweetness, that in such a death as this there is no pain nor any
bitterness, but as a ripe fruit is easily and without violence de-
tached from its twig, so our soul without affliction is parted
from the body in which it has been. And just as to him who
comes from a long journey, before he enters into the gate of his
city, the citizens thereof go forth to meet him, so the citizens of
the eternal life come to meet the noble Soul; and they do so
through her good deeds and contemplations: for having now
rendered herself to God, and withdrawn herself from worldly
affairs and thoughts, she seems to see those whom she believes
to be nigh unto God. Hear what Tully says in the person of
the good Cato:-"With ardent zeal I lifted myself up to see your
fathers whom I had loved, and not them only, but also those of
whom I had heard speak. " The noble Soul then at this age
renders herself to God and awaits the end of life with great
desire; and it seems to her that she is leaving the inn and
returning to her own house, it seems to her that she is leaving
the road and returning to the city, it seems to her that she is
leaving the sea and returning to port.
And also the
noble Soul at this age blesses the past times; and well may she
bless them, because revolving them through her memory she
recalls her right deeds, without which she could not arrive with.
such great riches or so great gain at the port to which she is
approaching. And she does like the good merchant, who when
he draws near his port, examines his getting, and says: « Had
I not passed along such a way, I should not have this treasure,
nor have gained that which I may enjoy in my city to which I
am drawing near;" and therefore he blesses the way which he
has come.
(The Banquet,' iv. 28.


## p. 4359 (#129) ###########################################

DANTE
4359
The selections from the Divina Commedia are from Professor Norton's
translation: copyrighted 1891 and 1892, and reprinted by permission
of Professor Norton and of Houghton, Mifflin and Company, Publish-
ers, Boston, Mass.
HELL
CANTO I
THE ENTRANCE ON THE JOURNEY THROUGH THE ETERNAL WORLD
[Dante, astray in a wood, reaches the foot of a hill which he begins to
ascend; he is hindered by three beasts; he turns back and is met by Virgil,
who proposes to guide him into the eternal world. ]
M
IDWAY upon the road of our life I found myself within a
dark wood, for the right way had been missed. Ah! how
hard a thing it is to tell what this wild and rough and
dense wood was, which in thought renews the fear! So bitter is
it that death is little more. But in order to treat of the good
that I found, I will tell of the other things that I saw there. I
cannot well recount how I entered it, so full was I of slumber
at that point where I abandoned the true way. But after I had
arrived at the foot of a hill, where that valley ended which had
pierced my heart with fear, I looked on high and saw its
shoulders clothed already with the rays of the planet* that
leads men aright along every path. Then was the fear a little
quieted which in the lake of my heart had lasted through the
night that I passed so piteously. And even as one who, with
spent breath, issued out of the sea upon the shore, turns to the
perilous water and gazes, so did my soul, which still was flying,
turn back to look again upon the pass which never had a living
person left.
After I had rested a little my weary body, I took my way
again along the desert slope, so that the firm foot was always
the lower. And lo! almost at the beginning of the steep a she-
leopard, light and very nimble, which was covered with a spotted
coat. And she did not move from before my face, nay, rather
hindered so my road that to return I oftentimes had turned.
The time was at the beginning of the morning, and the Sun
was mounting upward with those stars that were with him when
Love Divine first set in motion those beautiful things; † so that
*The sun,—a planet according to the Ptolemaic astronomy.
It was a common belief that the spring was the season of the creation.


## p. 4360 (#130) ###########################################

4360
DANTE
the hour of the time and the sweet season were occasion of good
hope to me concerning that wild beast with the dappled skin.
But not so that the sight which appeared to me of a lion did
not give me fear. He seemed to be coming against me, with
head high and with ravening hunger, so that it seemed that the
air was affrighted at him. And a she-wolf, who with all cravings
seemed laden in her meagreness, and already had made folk to
live forlorn, she caused me so much heaviness, with the fear
that came from sight of her, that I lost hope of the height. *
And such as he is who gains willingly, and the time arrives that
makes him lose, who in all his thoughts weeps and is sad,— such
made me the beast without repose that, coming on against me,
little by little was pushing me back thither where the Sun is
silent.
-
-
While I was falling back to the low place, before mine eyes
appeared one who through long silence seemed faint-voiced.
When I saw him in the great desert, "Have pity on me! " I cried
to him, « whatso thou art, or shade or real man. " He answered
me: "Not man; man once I was, and my parents were Lom-
bards, and Mantuans by country both. I was born sub Julio,
though late, and I lived at Rome under the good Augustus, in
the time of the false and lying gods. Poet was I, and sang of
that just son of Anchises who came from Troy after proud Ilion
had been burned. But thou, why returnest thou to so great
annoy? Why dost thou not ascend the delectable mountain which
is the source and cause of every joy? " "Art thou then that
Virgil and that fount which poureth forth so large a stream of
speech? " replied I to him with bashful front: "O honor and
light of the other poets! may the long study avail me, and the
great love, which have made me search thy volume! Thou art
my master and my author; thou alone art he from whom I took
the fair style that has done me honor. Behold the beast because
of which I turned; help me against her, famous sage, for she
makes my veins and pulses tremble. " "Thee it behoves to hold
another course," he replied when he saw me weeping, "if thou
wishest to escape from this savage place: for this beast, because
of which thou criest out, lets not any one pass along her way,
but so hinders him that she kills him; and she has a nature so
malign and evil that she never sates her greedy will, and after
*These three beasts typify the division of sins into those of incontinence,
of violence, and of fraud.


## p. 4361 (#131) ###########################################

DANTE
4361
food is hungrier than before. Many are the animals with which
she wives, and there shall be more yet, till the hound shall
come that will make her die of grief.
He shall hunt
her through every town till he shall have set her back in hell,
there whence envy first sent her forth. Wherefore I think and
deem it for thy best that thou follow me, and I will be thy
guide and will lead thee hence through the eternal place where
thou shalt hear the despairing shrieks, shalt see the ancient
spirits woful who each proclaim the second death. And then
thou shalt see those who are contented in the fire, because they
hope to come, whenever it may be, to the blessed folk; to whom
if thou wilt thereafter ascend, there shall be a soul more worthy
than I for that. With her I will leave thee at my departure;
for that Emperor who reigneth thereabove, because I was rebel-
lious to his law, wills not that into his city any one should
come through me. In all parts he governs and there he reigns:
there is his city and his lofty seat. O happy he whom thereto
he elects! " And I to him:-"Poet, I beseech thee by that God
whom thou didst not know, in order that I may escape this ill
and worse, that thou lead me thither where thou now hast said,
so that I may see the gate of St. Peter, and those whom thou
makest so afflicted. "
Then he moved on, and I behind him kept.
CANTO II
THE ENTRANCE ON THE JOURNEY THROUGH THE ETERNAL WORLD,
CONTINUED
[Dante, doubtful of his own powers, is discouraged. Virgil cheers him by
telling him that he has been sent to his aid by a blessed Spirit from Heaven.
Dante casts off fear, and the poets proceed. ]
•
THE day was going, and the dusky air was taking the living
things that are on earth from their fatigues, and I alone was
preparing to sustain the war alike of the road, and of the woe
which the mind that errs not shall retrace. O Muses, O lofty
genius, now assist me! O mind that didst inscribe that which I
saw, here shall thy nobility appear! I began:-
"Poet, that guidest me, consider my virtue, if it be sufficient,
ere to the deep pass thou trustest me. Thou sayest that the
parent of Silvius while still corruptible went to the immortal
-


## p. 4362 (#132) ###########################################

4362
DANTE
world and was there in the body. Wherefore if the Adversary
of every ill was then courteous, thinking on the high effect that
should proceed from him, and on the Who and the What,* it
seemeth not unmeet to a man of understanding; for in the
empyreal heaven he had been chosen for father of revered Rome
and of her empire; both which (to say truth indeed) were
ordained for the holy place where the successor of the greater
Peter has his seat. Through this going, whereof thou givest
him vaunt, he learned things which were the cause of his victory
and of the papal mantle. Afterward the Chosen Vessel went
thither to bring thence comfort to that faith which is the begin-
ning of the way of salvation. But I, why go I thither? or who
concedes it? I am not Æneas, I am not Paul; me worthy of
this, neither I nor others think; wherefore if I give myself up
to go, I fear lest the going may be mad. Thou art wise, thou
understandest better than I speak. "
And as is he who unwills what he willed, and because of new
thoughts changes his design, so that he quite withdraws from
beginning, such I became on that dark hillside; wherefore in my
thought I abandoned the enterprise which had been so hasty in
its beginning.
"If I have rightly understood thy speech," replied that shade
of the magnanimous one, "thy soul is hurt by cowardice, which
oftentimes encumbers a man so that it turns him back from hon-
orable enterprise, as false seeing doth a beast when it is startled.
In order that thou loose thee from this fear I will tell thee
wherefore I have come, and what I heard at the first moment
that I grieved for thee. I was among those who are suspended,†
and a Lady called me, so blessed and beautiful that I besought
her to command. Her eyes were more lucent than the star, and
she began to speak to me sweet and low, with angelic voice,
in her own tongue:-'O courteous Mantuan soul! of whom the
fame yet lasts in the world, and shall last so long as the world
endures, a friend of mine and not of fortune is upon the desert
hillside, so hindered on his road that he has turned for fear; and I
am afraid, through that which I have heard of him in heaven, lest
he already be so astray that I may have risen late to his succor.
Now do thou move, and with thy speech ornate, and with what-
ever is needful for his deliverance, assist him so that I may be
Who he was and What should result.
In Limbo, neither in hell nor in heaven.


## p. 4363 (#133) ###########################################

DANTE
4363
consoled for him. I am Beatrice who make thee go. I come from
a place whither I desire to return. Love moved me, and makes
me speak. When I shall be before my Lord, I will commend
thee often to him. ' Then she was silent, and thereon I began:
'O Lady of Virtue, thou alone through whom the human race.
surpasses all contained within that heaven which has the smallest
circles! * so pleasing unto me is thy command that to obey it,
were it already done, were slow to me. Thou hast no need fur-
ther to open unto me thy will; but tell me the cause why thou
guardest not thyself from descending down here into this centre,
from the ample place whither thou burnest to return. ' 'Since
thou wishest to know so inwardly, I will tell thee briefly,' she
replied to me, 'wherefore I am not afraid to come here within.
One ought to be afraid of those things only that have power to
do another harm; of other things not, for they are not fearful.
I am made by God, thanks be to him, such that your misery
touches me not, nor does the flame of this burning assail me. A
gentle Lady is in heaven who hath pity for this hindrance where-
to I send thee, so that stern judgment there above she breaks.
She summoned Lucia in her request, and said, "Thy faithful one
now hath need of thee, and unto thee I commend him. " Lucia,t
the foe of every cruel one, rose and came to the place where I
was, seated with the ancient Rachael. She said:-"Beatrice, true
praise of God, why dost thou not succor him who so loved thee
that for thee he came forth from the vulgar throng? Dost thou
not hear the pity of his plaint? Dost thou not see the death
that combats him beside the stream whereof the sea hath no
vaunt? " In the world never were persons swift to seek their
good, and to fly their harm, as I, after these words were uttered,
came here below, from my blessed seat, putting my trust in thy
upright speech, which honors thee and them who have heard it. '
After she had said this to me, weeping she turned her lucent
eyes, whereby she made me more speedy in coming. And I
came to thee as she willed.
Thee have I delivered from that wild
beast that took from thee the short ascent of the beautiful mount-
ain. What is it then? Why, why dost thou hold back? why dost
thou harbor such cowardice in thy heart? why hast thou not dar-
ing and boldness, since three blessed Ladies care for thee in the
court of Heaven, and my speech pledges thee such good? "
*The heaven of the Moon, the nearest to Earth of the nine concentric
Heavens.
The type of illuminating grace.


## p. 4364 (#134) ###########################################

4364
DANTE
As flowerets, bent and closed by the chill of night, after the
sun shines on them straighten themselves all open on their stem,
so my weak virtue became, and such good daring hastened to
my heart that I began like one enfranchised:-"O compassionate
she who succored! and thou courteous who didst speedily obey
the true words that she addressed to thee! Thou by thy words
hast so disposed my heart with desire of going, that I have
returned unto my first intent. Go on now, for one sole will is
in us both thou leader, thou Lord, and thou Master. " Thus I
said to him; and when he had moved on, I entered along the
deep and savage road.
-
CANTO V
THE PUNISHMENT OF CARNAL SINNERS
[The Second Circle, that of Carnal Sinners. — Minos. — Shades renowned of
old. Francesca da Rimini. ]
THUS I descended from the first circle down into the second,
which girdles less space, and so much more woe that it goads to
wailing. There abides Minos horribly, and snarls; he examines
the sins at the entrance; he judges, and he sends according as
he entwines himself. I mean that when the miscreant spirit
comes there before him, it confesses itself wholly, and that dis-
cerner of sins sees what place of Hell is for it; he girdles him-
self with his tail so many times as the degrees he wills it should
be sent down. Always before him stand many of them. They
go, in turn, each to the judgment; they speak, and hear, and
then are whirled below.
"O thou that comest to the woful inn," said Minos to me,
when he saw me, leaving the act of so great an office, "beware
how thou enterest, and to whom thou intrustest thyself; let not
the amplitude of the entrance deceive thee. " And my Leader to
him, "Why then dost thou cry out? Hinder not his fated going;
thus is it willed there where is power to do that which is willed;
and ask thou no more. "
Now the woful notes begin to make themselves heard; now
am I come where much lamentation smites me. I had come into
a place mute of all light, that bellows as the sea does in a
tempest, if it be combated by opposing winds. The infernal
hurricane that never rests carries along the spirits with its rapine;
whirling and smiting it molests them. When they arrive before
its rushing blast, here are shrieks, and bewailing, and lamenting;


## p. 4365 (#135) ###########################################

DANTE
4365
here they blaspheme the power Divine. I understood that to
such torment are condemned the carnal sinners who subject
reason unto lust. And as their wings bear along the starlings in
the cold season in a troop large and full, so that blast the evil
spirits; hither, thither, down, up, it carries them; no hope ever
comforts them, not of repose, but even of less pain.
«<
And as the cranes go singing their lays, making in air a long
line of themselves, so saw I come, uttering wails, shades borne
along by the aforesaid strife. Wherefore I said, "Master, who
are those folk whom the black air so castigates? " "The first
of these of whom thou wishest to have knowledge," said he to
me then, was empress of many tongues. To the vice of luxury
was she so abandoned that lust she made licit in her law, to
take away the blame she had incurred. She is Semiramis, of
whom it is read that she succeeded Ninus and had been his
spouse; she held the land which the Soldan rules. The other is
she who, for love, slew herself and broke faith to the ashes of
Sichæus. Next is Cleopatra, the luxurious. See Helen, for whom
so long a time of ill revolved; and see the great Achilles, who
at the end fought with love. See Paris, Tristan -" and more
than a thousand shades he showed me with his finger, and named
them whom love had parted from our life.
After I had heard my Teacher name the dames of eld and
the cavaliers, pity overcame me, and I was well-nigh bewildered.
I began, "Poet, willingly would I speak with those two that go
together, and seem to be so light upon the wind. " And he to
me, "Thou shalt see when they shall be nearer to us, and do
thou then pray them by that love which leads them, and they
will come. " Soon as the wind sways them toward us I lifted my
voice: "O weary souls, come speak to us, if One forbid it not. "
As doves, called by desire, with wings open and steady, fly
through the air to their sweet nest, borne by their will, these
issued from the troop where Dido is, coming to us through the
malign air, so strong was the compassionate cry:-
"O living creature, gracious and benign, that goest through
the lurid air visiting us who stained the world blood-red, if the
King of the universe were a friend we would pray him for thy
peace, since thou hast pity on our perverse ill. Of what it
pleases thee to hear, and what to speak, we will hear and we
will speak to you, while the wind, as now, is hushed for us.
The city where I was born sits upon the sea-shore, where the
――
-


## p. 4366 (#136) ###########################################

4366
DANTE
Po, with his followers, descends to have peace. Love, that on
gentle heart quickly lays hold, seized him for the fair person
that was taken from me, and the mode still hurts me. Love,
which absolves no loved one from loving, seized me for the
pleasing of him so strongly that, as thou seest, it does not even
now abandon me. Love brought us to one death. Caina waits
him who quenched our life. " These words were borne to us
from them.
Soon as I had heard those injured souls I bowed my face,
and held it down, until the Poet said to me, "What art thou
thinking? " When I replied, I began:-"Alas! how inany sweet
thoughts, how great desire, led these unto the woful pass. "
Then I turned me again to them, and I spoke, and began,
"Francesca, thy torments make me sad and piteous to weeping.
But tell me, at the time of the sweet sighs by what and how
did love concede to you to know the dubious desires? " And
she to me,
"There is no greater woe than in misery to remem-
ber the happy time, and that thy Teacher knows. But if to
know the first root of our love thou hast so great a longing, I
will do like one who weeps and tells.
"We were reading one day, for delight, of Lancelot, how
love constrained him. We were alone and without any suspicion.
Many times that reading made us lift our eyes, and took the
color from our faces, but only one point was that which over-
came us. When we read of the longed-for smile being kissed
by such a lover, this one, who never from me shall be divided,
kissed my mouth all trembling. Galahaut* was the book, and
he who wrote it. That day we read in it no farther. "
While one spirit said this, the other was weeping so that
through pity I swooned as if I had been dying, and fell as a
dead body falls.
* It was Galahaut who, in the Romance, prevailed on Guinevere to give a
kiss to Lancelot.


## p. 4367 (#137) ###########################################

DANTE
4367
PURGATORY
CANTO XXVII
THE FINAL PURGATION
[Seventh Ledge: the Lustful. - Passage through the flames. - Stairway in
the rock. - Night upon the stairs. - Dream of Dante. - Morning. - Ascent to
the Earthly Paradise. - Last words of Virgil. ]
As
*
S WHEN he darts forth his first rays there where his Maker
shed his blood (Ebro falling under the lofty Scales, and
the waves in the Ganges scorched by noon), so the sun
was now standing; so that the day was departing, when the glad
Angel of God appeared to us. Outside the flame he was stand-
ing on the bank, and was singing "Beati mundo corde »
[Blessed are the pure in heart], in a voice far more living than
ours: then, "No one goes further, ye holy souls, if first the fire.
sting not; enter into it, and to the song beyond be ye not deaf,"
he said to us, when we were near him. Whereat I became
such, when I heard him, as is he who in the pit is put. With
hands clasped upwards, I stretched forward, looking at the fire,
and imagining vividly human bodies I had once seen burnt.
The good Escorts turned toward me, and Virgil said to me,
"My son, here may be torment, but not death. Bethink thee!
bethink thee! and if I even upon Geryon guided thee safe, what
shall I do now that I am nearer God? Believe for certain that
if within the belly of this flame thou shouldst stand full a thou-
sand years, it could not make thee bald of one hair. And if
thou perchance believest that I deceive thee, draw near to it,
and make trial for thyself with thine own hands on the hem of
thy garments. Put aside now, put aside every fear; turn hither-
ward, and come on secure. "
And I still motionless and against conscience!
When he saw me still stand motionless and obdurate, he said,
disturbed a little, "Now see, son, between Beatrice and thee is
this wall. "
As at the name of Thisbe, Pyramus, at point of death,
opened his eyelids and looked at her, what time the mulberry
*When it is sunrise at Jerusalem it is midnight in Spain, midday at the
Ganges, and sunset in Purgatory.
To be buried alive.


## p. 4368 (#138) ###########################################

4368
DANTE
became vermilion, so, my obduracy becoming softened, I turned
me to the wise Leader, hearing the name that in my memory is
ever welling up. Whereat he nodded his head, and said, "How!
do we want to stay on this side? " Then he smiled as one doth
at a child who is conquered by an apple.
Then within the fire he set himself before me, praying Sta-
tius that he would come behind, who previously, on the long
road, had divided us. When I was in, into boiling glass I would
have thrown myself to cool me, so without measure was the
burning there. My sweet Father, to encourage me, went talking
ever of Beatrice, saying, "I seem already to see her eyes. ”
A voice was guiding us, which was singing on the other side,
and we, ever attentive to it, came forth there where was the
ascent. "Venite, benedicti Patris mei" [Come, ye blessed of my
Father], sounded within a light that was there such that it over-
came me, and I could not look on it. "The sun departs," it
added, "and the evening comes; tarry not, but hasten your
steps so long as the west grows not dark. "
The way mounted straight, through the rock, in such direc-
tion that I cut off in front of me the rays of the sun which was
already low. And of few stairs had we made essay ere, by the
vanishing of the shadow, both I and my Sages perceived behind
us the setting of the sun. And before the horizon in all its
immense regions had become of one aspect, and night had all
her dispensations, each of us made of a stair his bed; for the
nature of the mountain took from us the power more than the
delight of ascending.
As goats, who have been swift and wayward on the peaks ere
they are fed, become tranquil as they ruminate, silent in the
shade while the sun is hot, watched by the herdsman, who on
his staff is leaning and leaning guards them; and as the shep-
herd, who lodges out of doors, passes the night beside his quiet.
flock, watching that the wild beast may not scatter it: such were
we all three then, I like a goat, and they like shepherds, hemmed
in on this side and on that by the high rock. Little of the out-
side could there appear, but through that little I saw the stars
both brighter and larger than their wont. Thus ruminating, and
thus gazing upon them, sleep overcame me, sleep which oft
before a deed be done knows news thereof.
At the hour, I think, when from the east on the mountain first
beamed Cytherea, who with fire of love seems always burning,


## p. 4369 (#139) ###########################################

DANTE
4369
I seemed in dream to see a lady, young and beautiful, going
through a meadow gathering flowers, and singing; she was saying,
"Let him know, whoso asks my name, that I am Leah, and I go
moving my fair hands around to make myself a garland. To
please me at the glass here I adorn me, but my sister Rachel
never withdraws from her mirror, and sits all day. She is as fain
to look with her fair eyes as I to adorn me with my hands. Her
seeing, and me doing, satisfies. "*
And now before the splendors which precede the dawn, and
rise the more grateful unto pilgrims as in returning they lodge
less remote, the shadows fled away on every side, and my sleep
with them; whereupon I rose, seeing my great Masters already
risen. "That pleasant apple which through so many branches
the care of mortals goes seeking, to-day shall put in peace thy
hungerings. " Virgil used words such as these toward me, and
never were there gifts which could be equal in pleasure to these.
Such wish upon wish came to me to be above, that at every
step thereafter I felt the feathers growing for my flight.
When beneath us all the stairway had been run, and we were
on the topmost step, Virgil fixed his eyes on me, and said, "The
temporal fire and the eternal thou hast seen, son, and art come
to a place where of myself no further onward I discern. I have
brought thee here with understanding and with art: thine own
pleasure now take thou for guide; forth art thou from the steep
ways, forth art thou from the narrow. See there the sun, which
on thy front doth shine; see the young grass, the flowers, the
shrubs, which here the earth of itself alone produces. Until
rejoicing come the beautiful eyes which weeping made me come
to thee, thou canst sit down and thou canst go among thein.
Expect no more or word or sign from me. Free, upright, and
sane is thine own free will, and it would be wrong not to act
according to its pleasure; wherefore thee over thyself I crown
and mitre. »
*Leah and Rachel are respectively the types of the virtuous active and
contemplative life.
As they come nearer home.
VIII-274


## p. 4370 (#140) ###########################################

4370
DANTE
CANTOS XXX AND XXXI
THE MEETING WITH HIS LADY IN THE EARTHLY PARADISE
[Beatrice appears. — Departure of Virgil. — Reproof of Dante by Beatrice. -
Confession of Dante. - Passage of Lethe. - Unveiling of Beatrice. ]
WHEN the septentrion of the first heaven,* which never set-
ting knew, nor rising, nor veil of other cloud than sin,—and
which was making every one there acquainted with his duty, as
the lower makes whoever turns the helm to come to port,-
stopped still, the truthful people who had come first between the
griffon and it, turned to the chariot as to their peace, and one of
them, as if sent from heaven, singing, cried thrice, «Veni,
sponsa, de Libano" [Come with me from Lebanon, my spouse],
and all the others after.
As the blessed at the last trump will arise swiftly, each from
his tomb, singing Hallelujah with recovered voice, so upon the
divine chariot, ad vocem tanti senis [at the voice of so great an
elder], rose up a hundred ministers and messengers of life eter-
nal. All were saying, "Benedictus, qui venis" [Blessed thou
that comest], and, scattering flowers above and around, "Mani-
bus o date lilia plenis " [Oh, give lilies with full hands]. t
I have seen ere now at the beginning of the day the eastern
region all rosy, while the rest of the heaven was beautiful with
fair clear sky; and the face of the sun rise shaded, so that
through the tempering of vapors the eye sustained it a long
while. Thus within a cloud of flowers, which from the angelic
hands was ascending, and falling down again within and without,
a lady, with olive wreath above a white veil, appeared to me,
robed with the color of living flame beneath a green mantle. §
And my spirit that now for so long a time had not been bro-
ken down, trembling with amazement at her presence, without
* In the preceding canto a mystic procession, symbolizing the Old and
New Dispensation, has appeared in the Earthly Paradise. At its head were
seven candlesticks, symbols of the sevenfold spirit of the Lord; it was fol-
lowed by personages representing the truthful books of the Old Testament,
and these by the chariot of the Church drawn by a griffon, who in his double
form, half eagle and half lion, represented Christ in his double nature, human
and divine.
The lower septentrion, the seven stars of the Great Bear.
Words from the Eneid (vi. 884), sung by the angels.
§ The olive is the symbol of wisdom and of peace; the three colors are
those of Faith, Charity and Hope.


## p. 4371 (#141) ###########################################

DANTE
4371
having more knowledge by the eyes, through occult virtue that
proceeded from her, felt the great potency of ancient love.
Soon as upon my sight the lofty virtue smote, which already
had transfixed me ere I was out of boyhood, I turned me to the
left with the confidence with which the little child runs to his
mother when he is frightened, or when he is troubled, to say to
Virgil, “Less than a drachm of blood remains in me that doth
not tremble; I recognize the signals of the ancient flame,»* —–
but Virgil had left us deprived of himself; Virgil, sweetest
Father, Virgil, to whom I for my salvation gave me. Nor did
all which the ancient mother lost avail unto my cheeks, cleansed
with dew, that they should not turn dark again with tears.
"Dante, though Virgil be gone away, weep not yet, for it
behoves thee to weep by another sword. "
Like an admiral who, on poop or on prow, comes to see the
people that are serving on the other ships, and encourages them
to do well, upon the left border of the chariot - when I turned
me at the sound of my own name, which of necessity is regis-
tered here - I saw the Lady, who had first appeared to me
veiled beneath the angelic festival, directing her eyes toward
me across the stream; although the veil which descended from
her head, circled by the leaf of Minerva, did not allow her to
appear distinctly. Royally, still haughty in her mien, she went
on, as one who speaks and keeps back his warmest speech:
"Look at me well: I am indeed, I am indeed Beatrice. How
hast thou deigned to approach the mountain? Didst thou know
that man is happy here? " My eyes fell down into the clear
fount; but seeing myself in it I drew them to the grass, such
great shame burdened my brow. As to the son the mother
seems proud, so she seemed to me; for somewhat bitter tasteth
the savor of stern pity.
She was silent, and the angels sang of a sudden, "In te,
Domine, speravi" [In thee, O Lord, do I put my trust]; § but
beyond "pedes meos" [my feet] they did not pass. Even as
the snow, among the living rafters upon the back of Italy, is
congealed, blown, and packed by Slavonian winds, then melting
*Words from the Eneid, iv. 23.
All the joy and beauty of Paradise which Eve lost, and which were now
surrounding Dante.
When he had entered Purgatory.
§ The words are from Psalm xxxi. , verses 1 to 8.


## p. 4372 (#142) ###########################################

4372
DANTE
trickles through itself, if only the land that loses shadow* breathe
so that it seems a fire that melts the candle: so was I without
tears and sighs before the song of those who time their notes
after the notes of the eternal circles. But when I heard in
their sweet accords their compassion for me, more than if they
had said, "Lady, why dost thou so confound him? " the ice that
was bound tight around my heart became breath and water, and
with anguish poured from my breast through my mouth and eyes.
She, still standing motionless on the aforesaid side of the
chariot, then turned her words to those pious + beings thus: -"Ye
watch in the eternal day, so that nor night nor slumber robs
from you one step the world may make along its ways; wherefore
my reply is with greater care, that he who is weeping yonder
may understand me, so that fault and grief may be of one
measure. Not only through the working of the great wheels,
which direct every seed to some end according as the stars are
its companions, but through largess of divine graces, which have
for their rain vapors so lofty that our sight goes not near
thereto, this man was such in his new life, virtually, that every
right habit would have made admirable proof in him. But so
much the more malign and more savage becomes the land ill-
sown and untilled, as it has more of good terrestrial vigor.
Some time did I sustain him with my face; showing my youth-
ful eyes to him, I led him with me turned in right direction.
So soon as I was upon the threshold of my second age, and had
changed life, this one took himself from me, and gave himself
to others. When from flesh to spirit I had ascended, and beauty
and virtue were increased in me, I was less dear and less pleas-
ing to him; and he turned his steps along a way not true,
following false images of good, which pay no promise in full.
Nor did it avail me to win by entreaty § inspirations with which,
both in dream and otherwise, I called him back; so little did he
heed them. So low he fell that all means for his salvation were
already short, save showing him the lost people. For this I
visited the gate of the dead, and to him, who has conducted
him up hither, my prayers were borne with weeping. The high
K
*If the wind blow from Africa.
Both devout and piteous.
Through the influences of the circling heavens.
§ From divine grace.
| In Hell.


## p. 4373 (#143) ###########################################

DANTE
4373
decree of God would be broken, if Lethe should be passed, and
such viands should be tasted without any scot of repentance
which may pour forth tears.
"O thou who art on the further side of the sacred river,"
turning her speech with the point to me, which only by the
edge had seemed to me keen, she began anew, going on with-
out delay, "say, say if this be true: to so great an accusation it
behoves that thine own confession be conjoined. " My power
was so confused that my voice moved, and became extinct be-
fore it could be released by its organs. A little she bore it;
then she said, "What thinkest thou? Reply to me; for the sad
memories in thee are not yet injured by the water. "* Confusion
and fear together mingled forced such a "Yes" from my mouth
that the eyes were needed for the understanding of it.
As a crossbow breaks its cord and its bow when it shoots
with too great tension, and with less force the shaft hits the
mark, so did I burst under that heavy load, pouring forth tears.
and sighs, and the voice slackened along its passage. Where-
upon she to me: "Within those desires of mine that were
leading thee to love the Good beyond which there is nothing
whereto man may aspire, what trenches running traverse, or
what chains didst thou find, for which thou wert obliged thus
to abandon the hope of passing onward? And what entice-
ments, or what advantages on the brow of the others were dis-
played, for which thou wert obliged to court them? " After the
drawing of a bitter sigh, hardly had I the voice that answered,
and the lips with difficulty gave it form. Weeping, I said, "The
present things with their false pleasure turned my steps soon as
your face was hidden. " And she: -"Hadst thou been silent, or
hadst thou denied that which thou dost confess, thy fault would
be not less noted, by such a Judge is it known. But when
the accusation of the sin bursts from one's own cheek, in our
court the wheel turns itself back against the edge.
But yet,
that thou mayst now bear shame for thy error, and that another
time, hearing the Sirens, thou mayst be stronger, lay aside the
seed of weeping and listen; so shalt thou hear how in opposite
direction my buried flesh ought to have moved thee. Never
did nature or art present to thee pleasure such as the fair limbs
―
―――
*Not yet obliterated by the waters of Lethe.
Inspired by me.