With the help they could obtain, their performances were much in
ferior those exhibited the Hay-market, that constant loss was sustained until the end of the
season.
ferior those exhibited the Hay-market, that constant loss was sustained until the end of the
season.
Dodsley - Select Collection of Old Plays - v1
Ibid.
268.
p.
be
to or so of
*
in
no
of to
of it a it
of
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in
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by
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up
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it;
to
cxii SUPPLEMENT TO
the year 1706, and at the end of the first season found that he had considerably improved his for.
tune.
From the time that Mr. Rich got possession of Drury-lane theatre, he had paid no regard to the
property of any of the parties who had joint inte rests with him, but proceeded as though he was
sole proprietor of Whatever received kept himself, without accounting any
partners; and had continued this mode con
duct long, that those who had any claims the
theatre abandoned them despair ever receiv
ing any advantage from them. The concerns the play-house were thought little worth,
that about this time Sir Thomas Skipwith, who Cibber says had equal right* with Rich,
frolic, made present his share Colonel Brett, gentleman fortune, who soon after forced him self into the management much against the inclina
tion partner. houses being open appeared evident object
The effect two play once, point profit,
Mr. Brett, that the first dedicated his attention was reunion
the two companies, and, through the interposition
“Cibber's Apol. 300. this presumed that the patent granted
fact, may Killegrew, either
part the whole, was vested him. does not appear how he became intitled it.
to
to at
of or
a
in If
ill
in
to is
so p.
of a
an
he
it.
he
his
in
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it in be
of
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of
so
to
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his he
of
MR. DoDSLEY’s PREFACE. cxiii
of the Lord Chamberlain, he effected it in the year 1708. It was then resolved, that the theatre in the Hay-market should be appropriated to Italian Operas; and that in Drury-lane to Plays. The
one was given to Swiney, and the other continued with Rich and Brett; the latter of whom conduct
ing the business of it in a different manner from what it had heretofore been, brought it once more into so good a state, that Sir Thomas Skipwith repented of his generosity, and applied to the Court of Chancery to have the property he had given
away restored him. Colonel Brett, offended at
claim; and Mr. the powers
any resistance his measures. An application
the Lord Chamberlain was the consequence; and that officer, who was supposed possess both
absolute and undefinable authority over the stage,
agreed permit many
engage with Swiney desert from Drury-lane, and
this treatment, relinquished Rich again possessed himself the patent.
Instead being warned
past times, avoid the difficulties which tyran nical and oppressive behaviour the performers had occasioned, the acting manager resumed his former conduct, without fearing apprehending
the actors chose act the Hay-market”. private treaty was
VOL.
Cibber's Apol. 331.
the experience
I.
at
to
i
as
* -
to of to
as to
of
p. A by
to
an
to
of of
of his to or to all
a
cxiv SUPPLEMENT TO
accordingly entered into ; and Wilks, Dogget, and Cibber, were proposed to be managers and joint sharers with Swiney in conducting the theatre, which
for the future was to be used both as a Play-house and Opera-house. After the preliminaries were
settled, the Lord Chamberlain issued an order, dated 7th June, 1709, forbidding the patentees
perform any longer; -
which the house was
shut up.
The deserters immediately began alter the
Hay-market theatre,
veniences original construction, and make
for the representation dramatic performances. They began act the winter the year 1709;
and their audiences much exceeded their expec tations that they would have had every reason
content with the change which had happened,
the direction the Operas, which this season
began decline, had not greatly diminished their profits. On the whole, however, they appear to
have received more than they had done Drury lane, and therefore were not dissatisfied with their emancipation from the authority their former governor.
The power the Chamberlain had always been
order obviate the incon
implicitly acknowledged.
had any concern the interdicted theatre patiently
Those therefore who Cibber's Apol. 345.
*
to
of
p.
to
-
in
of
so in
of
its
of
at
of
to
to
*,
of
if to be
fit
to
in of
on
all
it
MR. DO DSLEY'S PREFACE. CXV
submitted to the prohibition, and had recourse only to supplications in order to procure a revoca
tion of the silencing order. As it was put in execution so late in the season, no immediate detriment ensued; and it was generally expected,
that as the time of acting approached in the follow ing winter, the proprietors would be permitted to
open their house. The summer was taken up in peti
tions to the Chamberlain, and appeals to the Queen's justice and humanity, both from the patentees and players. The applications, however, were not crowned with success ; the order was still con
tinued in force, and at the beginning of the season one theatre only employed.
As soon as it appeared with certainty that the old manager would not be able to obtain a recall of the order for silencing the patent, one who had some property in the house, and who had joined in
the applications relieved against the Cham berlain's mandate, determined avail himself
interest court, and profit the distress partners. This was William Collier, Esq.
lawyer" enterprizing head and jovial heart. He was member parliament, and his con vivial qualities had become favourite with the
people then power, and was often admitted partake with them those detached hours life
when business was
give way pleasure. Cibber's Apol. 345.
47
p.
a to
by to a
to in
to be
in
of
of an
at
by of
to
aofof all
his his a
cxvi SUPPLEMENT TO
This gentleman, observing the situation of thea.
trical affairs to be desperate in the hands of Mr.
Rich, applied for and obtained a license to take the management of the company left at Drury-lane.
The late patentee, who still continued in the theatre, though without the power of using was
not removed without compulsion. Mr. Col
lier, therefore, procured
the landlords and armed with this
took the advantage rejoicing night, the 22d
Here ended the power Mr. Rich over the theatres. After his expulsion from Drury-lane, employed the remainder his life rebuilding the playhouse Lincoln’s-Inn Fields, which was opened about six weeks after his death, by his son,
the year 1714, with the Comedy The Recruit
ing Officer". Both this theatre and manager will be mentioned hereafter.
Cibber's Apology, transaction given
On this occasion
346. ludicrous account this the Tatler, No. 99.
have been informed by gentleman Prologue was spoken by the new
who was present, that manager dressed mourning.
This Prologue since find called “A new Miscellany
print, collection Tales, Songs, and Poems.
By several hands. ” 12mo, 61. concluded with these lines:
lease the house from authority
November, when, with hired rabble, he broke
into and turned the former owner out sion.
posses
o\
p. be in
It
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of
is I
of it,
in a
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it,
MR. DoDSLEY’s PREFACE. cxvii
The scheme which Mr. Collier had engaged in did not prosper according to his wishes; the pro
fits of the season were very small, and by no means a compensation for the trouble, risk, and expence,
which he had been at in seating himself on the theatrical throne. The joint-sharers at the Hay
market had acquired both fame and money; he therefore meditated an exchange of theatres with
them, and, by again employing
court, soon effected By the agreement which
was then entered into between the rival managers, the sole licence for acting plays was vested Swiney and his partners; and the performance
Operas was confined the Hay-market under the direction of Collier”.
The authority which this gentleman had now obtained the Opera-house, immediately farmed "Aaron Hill, Esq. for 600l. per annum; but
“But oh, my poor father! alas died
“Ere beheld this house finish’d pride. “He rais’d the stately pile slow degrees,
“Big with the hopes curious town please. “Letgenerous pity move the brave and fair
“To take his poor remains unto your care: “Who dies love, martyr's pity draws
“From all; then let him share the same applause, “Who died martyr for this good old cause. “Still let true noble gratitude shewn,
“And for father's sake support the son Cibber's Apology, 358. Ibid. 356.
his influence at
*
to
p.
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it.
*!
be
to
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in
to be
1*
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to
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cxviii SUPPLEMENT TO
before the season expired he resumed the manage ment again into his own hands. The flourishing state of Drury-lane had attracted his notice and
envy. He grew again dissatisfied with
station,
and proposed once more return the stage
had abandoned. The same power which had
hitherto supported him his caprices still con
tinued favour him. Swiney was obliged re turn the Hay-market; and Collier, Wilks,
Dogget, and Cibber, remained Drury-lane, where from this period the abilities, industry, and integrity the managers brought their theatre into much reputation, that became them
the source independence during the rest their
lives. the end the first season, Swiney was ruined the Hay-market, and obliged banish
himselffrom the kingdom.
As soon the new regulation was settled,
Collier rendered his share sinecure, and agreed accept certain sum annually lieu
claims. 1712, the Tragedy Cato was acted,
wherein Mr. Booth acquired much reputation, that was encouraged solicit for share the management the theatre, and was gratified during the succeeding year. On his introduction,
Dogget, disgust, retired from the management, which never afterwards returned.
the year. 1714, Queen Anne died; and, amongst the changes which that event brought
In
he
so
of of
to
to
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of
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to
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to
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it
at
to
his
of it all
at At as
to to
to
of to
of
MR. DoDSLEY’s PREFACE. cxix
about, the management of Drury-lane theatre was not too inconsiderable to attract the notice of the
court. At the desire of the acting managers, Sir
Richard Steele procured his name to be inserted
instead of Collier's in a new licence jointly with
them; and this connection lasted many years equally to the advantage of the parties. this
year, the prohibition which the patent had been
long under was removed, and Lincoln’s-Inn Fields
theatre opened under the direction the late Mr. John Rich.
weaker company was obliged have recourse foreign aid, and oppose his antagonists with
other weapons than the merits his actors, the excellence the pieces represented them. The performers who were under Mr. Rich's direc
favour the town. this distress, the genius the new manager suggested him species en tertainment, which hath always been considered contemptible,
No sooner were dramatic
mitted two theatres, than the manager the
tion were much inferior those
that the latter carried away the applause and
performances per
but which the same time hath been
ever followed and encouraged. Pantomimes were now brought forwards; and, sound and shew
had the last century obtained victory over sense and reason, the same event would have followed again, the company Drury-lane had
Drury-lane,
l
to
to
all
if
at
as
of to
in
of
at
In at
so
of
to
all
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of as
or
of
by
to
of
In
CXX SUPPLEMENT TO
not, from the experience of past times, thought it
advisable to adopt the same measures. The fer
tility of Mr. Rich's invention in these exotic enter tainments, and the excellence of his performances
in them must be ever acknowledged. By means of these only, he kept the managers of the other house at times from relaxing their diligence;
and, the disgrace
tained more money performances than
public taste, frequently ob
such ridiculous and paltry
the sterling merit the other acquire.
house was able
The business the stage was carried success
fully, and without interruption, until about the year 1720, when disgust which the duke New castle, then Lord Chamberlain, had received from
‘Mr. Cibber", that gentleman was for some time
levelled the ministry, Mr. Cibber's Dedication Ximena Sir Richard Steele, and these were likely have been what gave offence. The same writer, however, after wards asserts the following have been the real cause: “My lord Duke had mind have certain part per “formed certain actor, which was generally acted by “one the managers; and when my lord urged his autho “rity enforce his commands, Cibber, visibly slighting
“his authority half laugh, said, that they were sort separate ministry, and absolutely refused obey
Pamphlet, called “The State the
The author
“Case, between the Lord Chamberlain his Majesty's “Household and Sir Richard Steele, represented that “Knight, restated,” &c. 30. mentions some strokes
“ of
* to at
a so
a
of to
all by of
to a
to
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of a
on a
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to
all
by a
in p. to to
a
as
of
of of
on of
of
MR. DoDSLEY'S PREFACE. CXX
forbid to perform; and soon after a difference
arising between the same nobleman and Sir Richard
Steele, the power which had been often exercised
by the persons who had held his grace's office was
exerted,
against the managers. On this occasion a contro versy succeeded; but how long the prohibition
lasted, or in what manner the difference was ad justed, no where appears.
In this year, 1720, a new playhouse was erected in the Hay-market by one Mr. Potter, a carpen
ter”. It was not built for any particular person
or company, but seems to have been intended as a mere speculation by the architect, who relied on
being occasionally hired for dramatic exhibitions. The harmony which had subsisted for many years between Sir Richard Steele and his partners
was soon afterwards interrupted, and the affairs the theatre became again the objects chancery
litigation, which, 1726, was determined favour
“my Lord Chamberlain; upon which was silenced. ” Sir Richard, however, his state the case, asserts, that
the mortification put upon Mr. Cibber “was intended “only remote beginning evils which were affect “the patentee. ” During the time that the order for silencing
Mr. Cibber was force, Southerne's Tragedy The Spartan Dame was acted, and the part Crites intended for that performer was obliged read another actor.
Victor’s History the Theatres, vol. 184.
and an order of silence was enforced
*
all
4 of to be
in in
3. p.
he
of
in
of by
of
to
of a
as a
of
in
of
its
cxxii SUPPLEMENT TO
of the acting proprietors “ by a decree of Sir
Joseph Jekyll,
breach, however, which this dispute had made
then Master of the Rolls. The
would perhaps never have been healed, had Sir Richard been able to have resumed his share of the
management. His faculties at this time began to
Wales,
where he died on the 1st of September, 1729.
As the powers of the patent granted to him
terminated at the end of three years after his death,
decline: he soon afterwards retired into
the remaining managers solicited and obtained a renewal of the authority for twenty one years com mencing on the 1st of September, 1732; but the prosperous
course of their affairs was doomed about this time to be first checked, and afterwards
put an end to by the illness and deaths of the principal persons concerned in the theatre. Booth
was rendered incapable of performing for several years before he died. On the 23d of October, 1730, the stage suffered an irreparable loss by the death of Mrs. Oldfield; and about the same time
Mrs. Porter was prevented from acting by the misfortune of a dislocated limb. To complete the whole, Wilks died in September, 1731; and
Cibber, disliking his new partners, grew weary of his share, and took the earliest opportunity of
parting with
-
Cibber's Apology, 436.
*
it.
p.
MR. DoDSLEY'S PREFACE. cxxiii *
The number of theatres in London was this year,
1729, increased by the addition of one in Good man's Fields, which met with great opposition from many respectable merchants and grave citizens,
who apprehended much mischief from the intro duction of these kind of diversions so near to their
own habitations. Some of the clergy” also took
the alarm, and preached with much vehemence against Mr. Odell, however, the proprietor,
pursuing his design; completed the building, and, having collected
was not deterred from
company, began that for some time
perform asserted,
got not less than one hun this undertaking; but the
dred pounds week
clamour against continuing", was obliged
abandon the further prosecution his scheme; which means he sustained considerable loss. It
was afterwards revived Mr. Giffard with some
degree
The patent for Drury-lane being renewed, Mr.
Booth, who found his disorder increase, began think was time dispose his share and inte
Sermon was preached against St. Botolph, Aldgate, 30th November, 1729, Arthur Bedford,
was printed the next year.
asserted Pamphlet, called “The Usefulness “of the Stage Religion and Government,” &c. 8vo. 1738,
that address was presented the king from the lord mayor and court aldermen for the suppressing
success.
of it.
an
*M. * ItA. A
it
is It on to
of
it.
of
in
a it
to
by he by a
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a to
to
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to
byto
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is
cxxiv.
SUPPLEMENT TO
rest in the theatre. The person upon whom he fixed for a purchaser was John Highmore, Esq. a gentleman of fortune, who unhappily had con
tracted an attachment to the stage, from having performed the part of Lothario one night for a wager. A treaty between them was set on foot soon after Mr. Wilks's death, and was concluded by Mr. Highmore's agreeing to purchase one half
of Mr. Booth's share, with the whole of his power in the management, for the sum of two thousand five hundred pounds. Before his admission, Mrs. Wilks had deputed Mr. Ellis to attend to the con duct of the theatre in her behalf. The introduc tion of two people into the management, who were totally unqualified either by their abilities or expe
rience for the offices they were to fill, gave offence to Mr. Cibber: he, therefore, to avoid being
troubled with the importance of the one or the ignorance of the other of his brethren, authorized
his son Theophilus to act for him as far as his in terest was concerned. The first season was ended
with some profit to the new patentees; but Mr. Highmore, being hurt by the impertinence of . young Cibber, determined to get rid of his inter ference, and purchased the father's share for the sum of three thousand guineas”.
This second purchase by Mr. Highmore was M. Victor's History of the Theatres, vol. 1. p. 8.
MR. DoDSLEY’s PREFACE.
cxxW
made at the beginning of the season of 1733, about the same time that Mrs. Booth sold her hus
band's remaining share to Mr. Giffard. Mr. High more's connection with the theatre began now to be attended with alarming consequences to him ; two weeks had hardly passed before the principal actors, spirited up by young Cibber, determined to
revolt from the patentees, and set up for them selves. The house called the little Theatre in the
Hay-market was then unoccupied; they therefore agreed to rent it of the proprietor, and, after making the necessary alterations, opened it with the Comedy of Love for Love, to an elegant crowded audience *.
The patentees also, though weakened by the desertion of their best performers, began to act at the usual time. To supply the places of those who had left their service, they were obliged to have recourse to such assistance as the country companies would afford.
With the help they could obtain, their performances were much in
ferior those exhibited the Hay-market, that constant loss was sustained until the end of the
season. Mr. Highmore the mean time buoyed himself up with hopes obtaining redress, first
from the Lord Chamberlain, and afterwards putting the laws concerning vagrants force
Victor's History the Theatres, vol. 11.
*
of
1. p.
all so
of in
at
in
by a
•
to
cxxvi SUPPLEMENT TO
against the delinquent players. In both these ex pectations he found himself disappointed. The
losses fell so heavy upon him, that he was under the necessity of giving up the contention, in order
to secure a small part of the property he had impru dently risked in this unfortunate undertaking.
The person who now succeeded to the patent of Drury-lane playhouse was Charles Fleetwood, a
gentleman who at one period of life had pos.
sessed very large fortune,
small portion only remained. only the share belonging
which this time He purchased not
Mr. Highmore,
those the other partners; and little value
was then set upon the theatre, that the whole sum which he disbursed for little more than exceeded
the half what Mr. Highmore had before paid.
The revolting actors were this time become dis
satisfied with their situations. treaty was there
fore opened, and soon concluded, for their return Drury-lane.
Although dramatic entertainments were not this time supported the abilities any actors
extraordinary merit,
and the characters those
excellent performers who had lately been lost from Drury-lane were very supplied, yet this period
seems have been particularly marked by spirit
enterprize which prevailed theatrical affairs. The fortune of Mr. Odell Goodman's Fields
had not extinguished the expectations another
of ill
to
at in
by A
of
his
of
a
to
of all
a
by ill
it
to
of of
so
at
ofat
but a
of
MR. DoDSLEY’s PREFACE. cxxvii
schemer, who solicited and obtained a subscription for building a magnificent playhouse 59 in that part
of the town; and in spite of opposition was
completed and opened the day October,
1732, with play King Henry IV. Mr. Gif
fard the new proprietor, however, did not remain
long there. 1733, the house Covent-Garden was finished, and Mr. Rich's company immediately
removed thither, which occasioned the old building Lincoln’s-Inn Fields be deserted. Mr. Gif
fard was then advised, that would more for his advantage quit Goodman's Fields, and take
the vacant edifice. He accordingly agreed for
1735, and acted there during the two ensuing years.
Soon afterwards, though time when many theatres were employed divert the public, and
“In large oval over the pit painted the figure “his Majesty, attended by peace, liberty, and justice,
trampling tyranny and oppression, under his feet: round “it are the heads Shakespeare, Dryden, Congreve, and
“Betterton the coving “scene Cato pointing
the left hand painted the the dead body his son Mar Julius Caesar stabbed the
“cus: the middle, that
“Senate-house; and the right, that Mark Anthony
and Octavia, where the children are introduced All for “Love: the sounding board over the stage hand “some piece painting Apollo and the nine Muses. ”
Gent. Mag. 1732, 1028.
of p.
on
of
In
the
on
in of
:
on of
of to
is
to a it
of
on
is in a
in
so
it
it
““
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of
of is
be
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of
to
at
of
to
2d all in
cxxviii SUPPLIEMENT TO
when none of them were in a flourishing state, the imprudence and extravagance of a gentleman, who possessed genius, wit, and humour in a high de gree, obliged him to strike out a new species of entertainment, which in the end produced an ex
traordinary change in the constitution of the dra matic system. To extricate himself out of diffi culties in which he was involved, and probably to revenge some indignities which had been thrown upon him by people in power, that admirable painter and accurate observer of life, the late Henry Fielding, determined to amuse the town at the ex pence of some persons in high rank, and of great
influence in the political world. For this purpose he got together a company of performers, who exhi
bited at the theatre in the Hay-market, under the
whimsical title of the Great Mogul's Company of
Comedians. The piece he represented was Pas
quin, which was acted to crowded audiences for fifty successive nights. Encouraged by the fa
vourable reception this performance met with, he
determined to continue at the same place the next season, when he produced several new plays, some
of which were applauded, and the rest condemned.
As soon as the novelty of the design was over, a
visible difference appeared between the audiences
of the two years. The company, which as the play-bills said dropped from the clouds, were dis
banded; and the manager, not having attended to
MR. DoDSLEY’s PREFACE. cxxix
the voice of economy in his prosperity, was left no richer or more independent than when he first engaged in the project.
The severity of Mr. Fielding's satire in these
pieces had galled the minister to that degree, that
the impression was not erased from his mind when the cause of it had lost all effect. He meditated
therefore a severe revenge on the stage, and de
termined to prevent any attacks of the like kind for
the future. In the execution of this plan he stea
dily persisted;
and at last had the satisfaction of
seeing the enemy, which had given him so much uneasiness, effectually restrained from any power
of annoying him on the public theatres. An act of parliament passed in the year 1737, which for bad the representation of any performance not pre viously licenced by the Lord Chamberlain, or in any place, except the city of Westminster and the
liberties thereof, or where the royal family should
at any time reside. It also took from the crown the power of licensing any more theatres, and in
flicted heavy penalties on those who should here after perform in defiance of the regulations in the statute. This unpopular act did not pass without opposition. It called forth the eloquence of Lord
Chesterfield in a speech, wherein the arguments favour this obnoxious law were answered, the
dangers which might ensue from were pointed
out, and the little necessity for such hostilities VOL.
I.
of
all k
it
in
CXXX --
SUPPL EMENT TO
against the stage clearly demonstrated. It also excited an alarm in the people at large, as tending
to introduce restraints on the liberty of the press. Many pamphlets were published against the prin
ciple of the act; and it was combated in every
shape which wit, ridicule, or argument, could op
pose it All these, however, availed nothing;
the minister had resolved, and the parliament was
too compliant
mended from
slight bill which came recom powerful quarter. there
law, and freed the then, and
fore passed into
future ministers, from any apprehensions mis
chief from the wit or malice of dramatic writers. The year 1740, was rendered remarkable
This was the late Mr. Garrick, who, after experi encing some slights from the managers Drury Lane and Covent-Garden, determined make trial his theatrical qualifications the playhouse
Goodman's Fields, under the direction Mr. Giffard, who was that time permitted perform there without molestation. The part chose
his first appearance was that Richard the Third, which displayed clear conception
character, such power execution, and union talents varied, extensive, and unexpected, soon fixed his reputation the first actor
theatrical world the
whose genius seemed intended adorn, and whose abilities were destined support the stage,
appearance actor,
so
he
to it
in.
as
a
a of to a
of his as of the
of
toof an ofIt in
of
a
at he to
to
of
in
in
at of so
a by
to so
for "
the all
of
MR. DODSLEY'S PREFACE. cxxxi
own or any former times. His fame spread through every part of the town with the greatest
rapidity; and Goodman's Fields theatre, which had been confined to the inhabitants of the city, be came the resort of the polite, and was honoured
people. At Goodman's Fields, Mr. Garrick remained
with the notice of ranks and orders
but one season; after which lane, where continued and, by prudent attention
removed Drury increase his reputation,
the dictates fru gality and discretion, acquired character which
pointed him out proper person succeed the management the theatre few years after,
accomplish
The affairs Drury-lane theatre suffered the
mischiefs which could arise from the imprudence inability the manager. That gentleman had em
barrassed his domestic concerns almost every species misconduct, and involved himself such
and fortune which enabled him
that point when the opportunity offered.
difficulties,
that there remained no other means extricating himself from them than abandoning his country, and retiring abroad. About the year
1745, the whole either mortgaged
had been assigned tised be disposed
his property the theatre was sold; and the patent, which
some creditors, was adver public auction. Two Bankers soon afterwards became the purchasers,
and they received into the management the late Mr.
to
of
of
a
a
of by
to
of as to a
he
all
or of
in
by
by
to
to
of to
of
in
or
all
of to
of
to aa
he
cxxxii SUPPLEMENT To
Lacey, to whom the conduct of the theatre was
relinquished.
The calamities of the times affected
the credit of many persons at this juncture; and
amongst the rest of the new managers, who found
themselves obliged to stop payment. Their mis fortunes occasioned the patent again to become
the object of a sale. It was offered to several persons, but few appeared to have courage enough
to venture upon At length was proposed
Mr. Lacey, that and Mr. Garrick should be come joint-purchasers. The offer was accepted.
renewal the patent was solicited and obtained. All the preliminaries were short time settled,
and, the year 1747, the house was opened with Prologue written Dr. Johnson, and spoken
Mr. Garrick.
From this period may dated the flourishing
state the theatre. The new partners were fur
nished with abilities make their purchase advan tageous themselves, and useful the public.
Mr. Garrick's admirable performances insured them great audiences; and the industry and attention
Mr. Lacey were employed rendering the house
convenient the frequenters They both exerted their endeavours acquire the favour the town; and the preference which was given them over their rivals the other theatre suffi
ciently proved the superior estimation they were held The harmony which subsisted between
1.
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A in
MR. Dodsley's PREFACE. cxxxiii
them contributed to the success of their under
taking, and their efforts in the end procured them both riches and respect.
The month of December, 1761, was marked with the death of Mr. Rich, who had been ma nager under the patents granted by Charles the
Second almost fifty years. His peculiar excel lence in the composition of those performances
which demanded shew and expence enabled him, with an indifferent company of actors, to make a stand against the greatest performers of his time:
he was unrivalled in the representation of his fa vourite character Harlequin, and possessed with
many foibles some qualities which commanded the esteem of his friends and acquaintance. On his decease, the business of Covent-Garden theatre
was conducted by his son-in-law Mr. Beard.
In the year 1763, Mr. Garrick, by the advice of
his physicians, went abroad, in order to relax from the fatigues of profession, and re-establish health, which had been much broken uninter rupted exertion abilities the stage. He was absent two seasons, and then returned the
theatre, where remained until the year 1776. The theatre the Hay-market had for some
years been occupied the summer time of licences from the Lord Chamberlain.
month July, 1766, was advanced
nity theatre royal; patent being then made.
virtue In the
the dig
of a
of
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in a
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to
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cxxxiv. SU PPL EMI ENT TO
out to Mr. Foote, authorizing him to build a thea tre in the city and liberties of Westminster, and to exhibit dramatic performances, &c. therein, from
the 14th day of May to the 14th of September, during life. On this grant being passed, the patentee purchased the old playhouse, which had been built 1720, and immediately pulled down. was rebuilt the course the next
year, and opened the month May, 1767. Mr. Foote very successfully managed this theatre until the season before his death.
From the decease Mr. Rich, Covent-Garden theatre had been intrusted the direction of his
son-in-law Mr. Beard, who introduced several
musical pieces the stage, which were received with applause, and brought considerable profits those concerned the house. The taste of the public inclined very much this species per
formance for several seasons; but about the year
1766 the audiences beginning lessen, and the
acting manager finding
which desirous the quiet
relief for had long been afflicted with,
retiring from the bustle private life. the summer
deafness became
theatre 1767,
negociation was set foot and Rutherford, for the purchase
the play-house which belonged prietors; but the advantage
Messieurs Harris the property
the then pro having capital
performer one the sharers being suggested,
as
in
of a
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MR. DoDSLEY'S PREFACE. CXXXV
Mr. Powell was invited to join with them, and he recommended Mr. Colman as a person from whom the undertaking would receive great advantage.
The proposal being assented to by the several parties, the property of the theatre was assigned in
August, 1767; the conduct of the stage was in trusted to Mr. Colman, and the house opened on the 14th of September with the Comedy of the Rehearsal; and a Prologue written by Paul White head, and spoken by Mr. Powell.
The disputes which soon afterwards arose amongst the new managers are unworthy of any
notice, on account of the virulence and acrimony with which each party seems to have been inflamed: it is sufficient to observe, that after they had con
tinued a long time, and had received a judicial de termination, they were amicably ended.
Mr. Rutherford sold his share to Messieurs Leake and Dagge. Mr. Powell died in July,
1769;
Fisher, who by that means became entitled to
some part of her late husband's interest in the
theatre. Mr. Colman managed the affairs of the stage until the year 1774, when his right was pur
chased by the rest of his partners, to whom it was immediately assigned.
In 1776, an event took place, which the ad mirers of theatrical entertainments had long ex pected with concern, and now viewed with regret.
3-
and his widow afterwards married Dr.
cxxxvi SUPPLEMENT TO
Mr. Garrick, at a period when his powers had
suffered little injury from time, and in the height of his fame and popularity, determined to relin
quish connection with the stage, and retire the honourable enjoyment large fortune, ac
quired the course near forty years spent
the service the public. His last appearance
was the character Don Felix the Play
the Wonder, acted the 10th day June, for charitable benefit. He was honoured with
brilliant and crowded audience, and was dismissed with the loudest applauses ever heard theatre.
The obligations which the public are under him for the decency and propriety our present
dramatic performances, will ever intitle him the grateful respect the world, independent his
extraordinary author.
merit either actor
As this the period which the present im perfect account the English theatre intended
closed, some apology may expected for
the defects more copious and particular detail would not have been consistent with the
plan this work; and the materials for history
executed with such minuteness the subject de serves are too much scattered, and too difficult
obtained, readily brought together. Many
might pro cured from those who have access the interior
circumstances and much information
to
ofin ofin a is a
be
or
as of to
an to a of in to
be
of
to be
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MR. DoDSLEY'S PREFACE. cxxxvii
of the present playhouses; the neglected pamphlets
of former times would afford a great fund of intel ligence; and the remembrance of many individuals would furnish particulars of considerable value to
any person who had leisure and abilities for such
an undertaking. The History of the Drama seems in
titled to more regard than hath been bestowed upon To excite the attention of those who are best
qualified for such work, hath been the chief end
the present slight view
more worthy public notice. March 31, 1780.
the English theatres, pardon, may
which can only entitled
probably some future time
ducing performance with fewer imperfections and
the means pro
a
at
of
be
a
be to of
as of it
of
it.
HISTORIA HISTRIONICA : AN
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
THE ENGLISH STAGE; sh Ewing,
THE ANCIENT Use, IMPROVEMENT, AND PERFECTION OF DRAMATIC REPRESENTATIONS IN THIS NATION.
IN
A DIALOGUE OF PLAYS AND PLAYERS.
—Olim meminisse juvabit.
LONDON;
PRINTED BY G. G Room, FOR WILLIAM HAWEs, AT THE ROSE IN LUDGATE-STREET.
1699.
This tract was originally printed in 1699. It is said to have been the production of James Wright of New Inn, afterwards of the Middle Temple, Barrister at Law.
He was the author of The Antiquities of Rutlandshire, and some poems; particularly, (1. ) “An Essay on the
“present Ruins of St. Paul's Cathedral. ” To which is annexed, “The Misfortunes of St. Paul's Cathe “dral,” in heroic verse, 4to. 1668; re-printed with
two other poems under the title of, (2) “Three poems “ of St. Paul's Cathedral; viz. The Ruins, The Re
“building, The Choire”, Fo. 1697. ” and (3. ) “Phoe “ mix Paulina, a Poem on St. Paul's Cathedral, 4to.
“ 1709+. ” He was alive in 1710, being mentioned by
Mr. Hearne in his preface to Leland's Itimerary, in this manner; “I could have supply'd more Lacunae, and
“in likelyhood have render'd this performance more “perfect, had had the use very good tran
“script Mr. Leland's Itinerary, taken about the time Queen Elizabeth (before the originals took wet,
“is suppos'd) and was formerly possession James “Wright, the Middle Temple, Esq. the worthy “author the Antiquities Rutlandshire; but this,
“with multitude
“unhappily burnt
“the year 1698,
“inform me. ” Anthony Wood says, wrote elegy on the death Mr. John Goad, Master Merchant Taylor's School, who died 1689. (See Wood's Athenae,
vol. 839. )
-
-
other valuable curiosities, was
the fire the Middle Temple, Mr. Wright has been pleased
British Topography, vol. 610.
Catalogue pamphlets the Harleian Library, 140.
+ of 1.
all
of
of
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of if I
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“
THE PREFACE. *
MUCH has been writ of late pro and con about the stage, yet the subject admits of more, and that which has not been hitherto touched upon ; not only what that but what was, about which some people have made such bustle. What
we see, and think has been sufficiently dis play’d Mr. Collier's book; what was former ages and how used this kingdom, far back
one may collect any memorials, the subject the following dialogue. Old plays will always
read the curious, were only discover the
manners and behaviour several ages and how they altered. For plays are exactly like portraits,
drawn the garb and fashion the time when
You see one habit the time Charles
another quite different from that, both for men and women, Queen Elizabeth's time another
This preface now for the first time inserted, Mr.
Reed having omitted probably because his copy was not perfect. reprinted from the first edition 1699,
painted.
which the former editor had not been able
procure.
It is
by in
is it
is, it
to
;
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cxlii
under Henry the Eighth different from both, and so backward all various. And in the several fashions
of behaviour and conversation there is as much
mutability as in that of clothes. Religion and re ligious matters was once as much the mode in public entertainments, as the contrary has been in
some times since. This appears in the different
plays of several ages: and to evince this the fol lowing sheets are an essay or specimen.
Some may think the subject of this discourse trivial, and the persons herein mentioned not worth
But besides that I could name some
remembering.
things contested of late with great heat, of as little or less consequence, the reader may know that the profession of players is not so totally scandalous, nor them reprobate, but that there has been found under that name canonized saint the pri mitive church; may seen the Roman Mar
tyrology the 29th March: his name Masculas, master interludes (the Latin Archimimus, and the French translation Maitre comedien) who under the persecution the Vandals Africa,
Geisericus the Arian King, having, endured many
and grievous torments and reproaches for the con
fession the truth, finished the course this glo rious combat, saith the said Martyrology.
appears from this and some further instances the following discourse, that there have been
in It
all of
of
of on
be a
in of
of
un
in
is
in by a
as
so
cxliii
players of worthy principles as to religion, loyalty
and other virtues; and if the major part of them
fall under a different character, it is the general
unhappiness of mankind, that the most are the (VOrSt.
A DIALOGUE, &c.
LovEw It, TRUE.
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cxii SUPPLEMENT TO
the year 1706, and at the end of the first season found that he had considerably improved his for.
tune.
From the time that Mr. Rich got possession of Drury-lane theatre, he had paid no regard to the
property of any of the parties who had joint inte rests with him, but proceeded as though he was
sole proprietor of Whatever received kept himself, without accounting any
partners; and had continued this mode con
duct long, that those who had any claims the
theatre abandoned them despair ever receiv
ing any advantage from them. The concerns the play-house were thought little worth,
that about this time Sir Thomas Skipwith, who Cibber says had equal right* with Rich,
frolic, made present his share Colonel Brett, gentleman fortune, who soon after forced him self into the management much against the inclina
tion partner. houses being open appeared evident object
The effect two play once, point profit,
Mr. Brett, that the first dedicated his attention was reunion
the two companies, and, through the interposition
“Cibber's Apol. 300. this presumed that the patent granted
fact, may Killegrew, either
part the whole, was vested him. does not appear how he became intitled it.
to
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MR. DoDSLEY’s PREFACE. cxiii
of the Lord Chamberlain, he effected it in the year 1708. It was then resolved, that the theatre in the Hay-market should be appropriated to Italian Operas; and that in Drury-lane to Plays. The
one was given to Swiney, and the other continued with Rich and Brett; the latter of whom conduct
ing the business of it in a different manner from what it had heretofore been, brought it once more into so good a state, that Sir Thomas Skipwith repented of his generosity, and applied to the Court of Chancery to have the property he had given
away restored him. Colonel Brett, offended at
claim; and Mr. the powers
any resistance his measures. An application
the Lord Chamberlain was the consequence; and that officer, who was supposed possess both
absolute and undefinable authority over the stage,
agreed permit many
engage with Swiney desert from Drury-lane, and
this treatment, relinquished Rich again possessed himself the patent.
Instead being warned
past times, avoid the difficulties which tyran nical and oppressive behaviour the performers had occasioned, the acting manager resumed his former conduct, without fearing apprehending
the actors chose act the Hay-market”. private treaty was
VOL.
Cibber's Apol. 331.
the experience
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cxiv SUPPLEMENT TO
accordingly entered into ; and Wilks, Dogget, and Cibber, were proposed to be managers and joint sharers with Swiney in conducting the theatre, which
for the future was to be used both as a Play-house and Opera-house. After the preliminaries were
settled, the Lord Chamberlain issued an order, dated 7th June, 1709, forbidding the patentees
perform any longer; -
which the house was
shut up.
The deserters immediately began alter the
Hay-market theatre,
veniences original construction, and make
for the representation dramatic performances. They began act the winter the year 1709;
and their audiences much exceeded their expec tations that they would have had every reason
content with the change which had happened,
the direction the Operas, which this season
began decline, had not greatly diminished their profits. On the whole, however, they appear to
have received more than they had done Drury lane, and therefore were not dissatisfied with their emancipation from the authority their former governor.
The power the Chamberlain had always been
order obviate the incon
implicitly acknowledged.
had any concern the interdicted theatre patiently
Those therefore who Cibber's Apol. 345.
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MR. DO DSLEY'S PREFACE. CXV
submitted to the prohibition, and had recourse only to supplications in order to procure a revoca
tion of the silencing order. As it was put in execution so late in the season, no immediate detriment ensued; and it was generally expected,
that as the time of acting approached in the follow ing winter, the proprietors would be permitted to
open their house. The summer was taken up in peti
tions to the Chamberlain, and appeals to the Queen's justice and humanity, both from the patentees and players. The applications, however, were not crowned with success ; the order was still con
tinued in force, and at the beginning of the season one theatre only employed.
As soon as it appeared with certainty that the old manager would not be able to obtain a recall of the order for silencing the patent, one who had some property in the house, and who had joined in
the applications relieved against the Cham berlain's mandate, determined avail himself
interest court, and profit the distress partners. This was William Collier, Esq.
lawyer" enterprizing head and jovial heart. He was member parliament, and his con vivial qualities had become favourite with the
people then power, and was often admitted partake with them those detached hours life
when business was
give way pleasure. Cibber's Apol. 345.
47
p.
a to
by to a
to in
to be
in
of
of an
at
by of
to
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cxvi SUPPLEMENT TO
This gentleman, observing the situation of thea.
trical affairs to be desperate in the hands of Mr.
Rich, applied for and obtained a license to take the management of the company left at Drury-lane.
The late patentee, who still continued in the theatre, though without the power of using was
not removed without compulsion. Mr. Col
lier, therefore, procured
the landlords and armed with this
took the advantage rejoicing night, the 22d
Here ended the power Mr. Rich over the theatres. After his expulsion from Drury-lane, employed the remainder his life rebuilding the playhouse Lincoln’s-Inn Fields, which was opened about six weeks after his death, by his son,
the year 1714, with the Comedy The Recruit
ing Officer". Both this theatre and manager will be mentioned hereafter.
Cibber's Apology, transaction given
On this occasion
346. ludicrous account this the Tatler, No. 99.
have been informed by gentleman Prologue was spoken by the new
who was present, that manager dressed mourning.
This Prologue since find called “A new Miscellany
print, collection Tales, Songs, and Poems.
By several hands. ” 12mo, 61. concluded with these lines:
lease the house from authority
November, when, with hired rabble, he broke
into and turned the former owner out sion.
posses
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p. be in
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MR. DoDSLEY’s PREFACE. cxvii
The scheme which Mr. Collier had engaged in did not prosper according to his wishes; the pro
fits of the season were very small, and by no means a compensation for the trouble, risk, and expence,
which he had been at in seating himself on the theatrical throne. The joint-sharers at the Hay
market had acquired both fame and money; he therefore meditated an exchange of theatres with
them, and, by again employing
court, soon effected By the agreement which
was then entered into between the rival managers, the sole licence for acting plays was vested Swiney and his partners; and the performance
Operas was confined the Hay-market under the direction of Collier”.
The authority which this gentleman had now obtained the Opera-house, immediately farmed "Aaron Hill, Esq. for 600l. per annum; but
“But oh, my poor father! alas died
“Ere beheld this house finish’d pride. “He rais’d the stately pile slow degrees,
“Big with the hopes curious town please. “Letgenerous pity move the brave and fair
“To take his poor remains unto your care: “Who dies love, martyr's pity draws
“From all; then let him share the same applause, “Who died martyr for this good old cause. “Still let true noble gratitude shewn,
“And for father's sake support the son Cibber's Apology, 358. Ibid. 356.
his influence at
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cxviii SUPPLEMENT TO
before the season expired he resumed the manage ment again into his own hands. The flourishing state of Drury-lane had attracted his notice and
envy. He grew again dissatisfied with
station,
and proposed once more return the stage
had abandoned. The same power which had
hitherto supported him his caprices still con
tinued favour him. Swiney was obliged re turn the Hay-market; and Collier, Wilks,
Dogget, and Cibber, remained Drury-lane, where from this period the abilities, industry, and integrity the managers brought their theatre into much reputation, that became them
the source independence during the rest their
lives. the end the first season, Swiney was ruined the Hay-market, and obliged banish
himselffrom the kingdom.
As soon the new regulation was settled,
Collier rendered his share sinecure, and agreed accept certain sum annually lieu
claims. 1712, the Tragedy Cato was acted,
wherein Mr. Booth acquired much reputation, that was encouraged solicit for share the management the theatre, and was gratified during the succeeding year. On his introduction,
Dogget, disgust, retired from the management, which never afterwards returned.
the year. 1714, Queen Anne died; and, amongst the changes which that event brought
In
he
so
of of
to
to
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of
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at
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to to
to
of to
of
MR. DoDSLEY’s PREFACE. cxix
about, the management of Drury-lane theatre was not too inconsiderable to attract the notice of the
court. At the desire of the acting managers, Sir
Richard Steele procured his name to be inserted
instead of Collier's in a new licence jointly with
them; and this connection lasted many years equally to the advantage of the parties. this
year, the prohibition which the patent had been
long under was removed, and Lincoln’s-Inn Fields
theatre opened under the direction the late Mr. John Rich.
weaker company was obliged have recourse foreign aid, and oppose his antagonists with
other weapons than the merits his actors, the excellence the pieces represented them. The performers who were under Mr. Rich's direc
favour the town. this distress, the genius the new manager suggested him species en tertainment, which hath always been considered contemptible,
No sooner were dramatic
mitted two theatres, than the manager the
tion were much inferior those
that the latter carried away the applause and
performances per
but which the same time hath been
ever followed and encouraged. Pantomimes were now brought forwards; and, sound and shew
had the last century obtained victory over sense and reason, the same event would have followed again, the company Drury-lane had
Drury-lane,
l
to
to
all
if
at
as
of to
in
of
at
In at
so
of
to
all
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of as
or
of
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to
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In
CXX SUPPLEMENT TO
not, from the experience of past times, thought it
advisable to adopt the same measures. The fer
tility of Mr. Rich's invention in these exotic enter tainments, and the excellence of his performances
in them must be ever acknowledged. By means of these only, he kept the managers of the other house at times from relaxing their diligence;
and, the disgrace
tained more money performances than
public taste, frequently ob
such ridiculous and paltry
the sterling merit the other acquire.
house was able
The business the stage was carried success
fully, and without interruption, until about the year 1720, when disgust which the duke New castle, then Lord Chamberlain, had received from
‘Mr. Cibber", that gentleman was for some time
levelled the ministry, Mr. Cibber's Dedication Ximena Sir Richard Steele, and these were likely have been what gave offence. The same writer, however, after wards asserts the following have been the real cause: “My lord Duke had mind have certain part per “formed certain actor, which was generally acted by “one the managers; and when my lord urged his autho “rity enforce his commands, Cibber, visibly slighting
“his authority half laugh, said, that they were sort separate ministry, and absolutely refused obey
Pamphlet, called “The State the
The author
“Case, between the Lord Chamberlain his Majesty's “Household and Sir Richard Steele, represented that “Knight, restated,” &c. 30. mentions some strokes
“ of
* to at
a so
a
of to
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all
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as
of
of of
on of
of
MR. DoDSLEY'S PREFACE. CXX
forbid to perform; and soon after a difference
arising between the same nobleman and Sir Richard
Steele, the power which had been often exercised
by the persons who had held his grace's office was
exerted,
against the managers. On this occasion a contro versy succeeded; but how long the prohibition
lasted, or in what manner the difference was ad justed, no where appears.
In this year, 1720, a new playhouse was erected in the Hay-market by one Mr. Potter, a carpen
ter”. It was not built for any particular person
or company, but seems to have been intended as a mere speculation by the architect, who relied on
being occasionally hired for dramatic exhibitions. The harmony which had subsisted for many years between Sir Richard Steele and his partners
was soon afterwards interrupted, and the affairs the theatre became again the objects chancery
litigation, which, 1726, was determined favour
“my Lord Chamberlain; upon which was silenced. ” Sir Richard, however, his state the case, asserts, that
the mortification put upon Mr. Cibber “was intended “only remote beginning evils which were affect “the patentee. ” During the time that the order for silencing
Mr. Cibber was force, Southerne's Tragedy The Spartan Dame was acted, and the part Crites intended for that performer was obliged read another actor.
Victor’s History the Theatres, vol. 184.
and an order of silence was enforced
*
all
4 of to be
in in
3. p.
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in
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to
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as a
of
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cxxii SUPPLEMENT TO
of the acting proprietors “ by a decree of Sir
Joseph Jekyll,
breach, however, which this dispute had made
then Master of the Rolls. The
would perhaps never have been healed, had Sir Richard been able to have resumed his share of the
management. His faculties at this time began to
Wales,
where he died on the 1st of September, 1729.
As the powers of the patent granted to him
terminated at the end of three years after his death,
decline: he soon afterwards retired into
the remaining managers solicited and obtained a renewal of the authority for twenty one years com mencing on the 1st of September, 1732; but the prosperous
course of their affairs was doomed about this time to be first checked, and afterwards
put an end to by the illness and deaths of the principal persons concerned in the theatre. Booth
was rendered incapable of performing for several years before he died. On the 23d of October, 1730, the stage suffered an irreparable loss by the death of Mrs. Oldfield; and about the same time
Mrs. Porter was prevented from acting by the misfortune of a dislocated limb. To complete the whole, Wilks died in September, 1731; and
Cibber, disliking his new partners, grew weary of his share, and took the earliest opportunity of
parting with
-
Cibber's Apology, 436.
*
it.
p.
MR. DoDSLEY'S PREFACE. cxxiii *
The number of theatres in London was this year,
1729, increased by the addition of one in Good man's Fields, which met with great opposition from many respectable merchants and grave citizens,
who apprehended much mischief from the intro duction of these kind of diversions so near to their
own habitations. Some of the clergy” also took
the alarm, and preached with much vehemence against Mr. Odell, however, the proprietor,
pursuing his design; completed the building, and, having collected
was not deterred from
company, began that for some time
perform asserted,
got not less than one hun this undertaking; but the
dred pounds week
clamour against continuing", was obliged
abandon the further prosecution his scheme; which means he sustained considerable loss. It
was afterwards revived Mr. Giffard with some
degree
The patent for Drury-lane being renewed, Mr.
Booth, who found his disorder increase, began think was time dispose his share and inte
Sermon was preached against St. Botolph, Aldgate, 30th November, 1729, Arthur Bedford,
was printed the next year.
asserted Pamphlet, called “The Usefulness “of the Stage Religion and Government,” &c. 8vo. 1738,
that address was presented the king from the lord mayor and court aldermen for the suppressing
success.
of it.
an
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SUPPLEMENT TO
rest in the theatre. The person upon whom he fixed for a purchaser was John Highmore, Esq. a gentleman of fortune, who unhappily had con
tracted an attachment to the stage, from having performed the part of Lothario one night for a wager. A treaty between them was set on foot soon after Mr. Wilks's death, and was concluded by Mr. Highmore's agreeing to purchase one half
of Mr. Booth's share, with the whole of his power in the management, for the sum of two thousand five hundred pounds. Before his admission, Mrs. Wilks had deputed Mr. Ellis to attend to the con duct of the theatre in her behalf. The introduc tion of two people into the management, who were totally unqualified either by their abilities or expe
rience for the offices they were to fill, gave offence to Mr. Cibber: he, therefore, to avoid being
troubled with the importance of the one or the ignorance of the other of his brethren, authorized
his son Theophilus to act for him as far as his in terest was concerned. The first season was ended
with some profit to the new patentees; but Mr. Highmore, being hurt by the impertinence of . young Cibber, determined to get rid of his inter ference, and purchased the father's share for the sum of three thousand guineas”.
This second purchase by Mr. Highmore was M. Victor's History of the Theatres, vol. 1. p. 8.
MR. DoDSLEY’s PREFACE.
cxxW
made at the beginning of the season of 1733, about the same time that Mrs. Booth sold her hus
band's remaining share to Mr. Giffard. Mr. High more's connection with the theatre began now to be attended with alarming consequences to him ; two weeks had hardly passed before the principal actors, spirited up by young Cibber, determined to
revolt from the patentees, and set up for them selves. The house called the little Theatre in the
Hay-market was then unoccupied; they therefore agreed to rent it of the proprietor, and, after making the necessary alterations, opened it with the Comedy of Love for Love, to an elegant crowded audience *.
The patentees also, though weakened by the desertion of their best performers, began to act at the usual time. To supply the places of those who had left their service, they were obliged to have recourse to such assistance as the country companies would afford.
With the help they could obtain, their performances were much in
ferior those exhibited the Hay-market, that constant loss was sustained until the end of the
season. Mr. Highmore the mean time buoyed himself up with hopes obtaining redress, first
from the Lord Chamberlain, and afterwards putting the laws concerning vagrants force
Victor's History the Theatres, vol. 11.
*
of
1. p.
all so
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to
cxxvi SUPPLEMENT TO
against the delinquent players. In both these ex pectations he found himself disappointed. The
losses fell so heavy upon him, that he was under the necessity of giving up the contention, in order
to secure a small part of the property he had impru dently risked in this unfortunate undertaking.
The person who now succeeded to the patent of Drury-lane playhouse was Charles Fleetwood, a
gentleman who at one period of life had pos.
sessed very large fortune,
small portion only remained. only the share belonging
which this time He purchased not
Mr. Highmore,
those the other partners; and little value
was then set upon the theatre, that the whole sum which he disbursed for little more than exceeded
the half what Mr. Highmore had before paid.
The revolting actors were this time become dis
satisfied with their situations. treaty was there
fore opened, and soon concluded, for their return Drury-lane.
Although dramatic entertainments were not this time supported the abilities any actors
extraordinary merit,
and the characters those
excellent performers who had lately been lost from Drury-lane were very supplied, yet this period
seems have been particularly marked by spirit
enterprize which prevailed theatrical affairs. The fortune of Mr. Odell Goodman's Fields
had not extinguished the expectations another
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MR. DoDSLEY’s PREFACE. cxxvii
schemer, who solicited and obtained a subscription for building a magnificent playhouse 59 in that part
of the town; and in spite of opposition was
completed and opened the day October,
1732, with play King Henry IV. Mr. Gif
fard the new proprietor, however, did not remain
long there. 1733, the house Covent-Garden was finished, and Mr. Rich's company immediately
removed thither, which occasioned the old building Lincoln’s-Inn Fields be deserted. Mr. Gif
fard was then advised, that would more for his advantage quit Goodman's Fields, and take
the vacant edifice. He accordingly agreed for
1735, and acted there during the two ensuing years.
Soon afterwards, though time when many theatres were employed divert the public, and
“In large oval over the pit painted the figure “his Majesty, attended by peace, liberty, and justice,
trampling tyranny and oppression, under his feet: round “it are the heads Shakespeare, Dryden, Congreve, and
“Betterton the coving “scene Cato pointing
the left hand painted the the dead body his son Mar Julius Caesar stabbed the
“cus: the middle, that
“Senate-house; and the right, that Mark Anthony
and Octavia, where the children are introduced All for “Love: the sounding board over the stage hand “some piece painting Apollo and the nine Muses. ”
Gent. Mag. 1732, 1028.
of p.
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cxxviii SUPPLIEMENT TO
when none of them were in a flourishing state, the imprudence and extravagance of a gentleman, who possessed genius, wit, and humour in a high de gree, obliged him to strike out a new species of entertainment, which in the end produced an ex
traordinary change in the constitution of the dra matic system. To extricate himself out of diffi culties in which he was involved, and probably to revenge some indignities which had been thrown upon him by people in power, that admirable painter and accurate observer of life, the late Henry Fielding, determined to amuse the town at the ex pence of some persons in high rank, and of great
influence in the political world. For this purpose he got together a company of performers, who exhi
bited at the theatre in the Hay-market, under the
whimsical title of the Great Mogul's Company of
Comedians. The piece he represented was Pas
quin, which was acted to crowded audiences for fifty successive nights. Encouraged by the fa
vourable reception this performance met with, he
determined to continue at the same place the next season, when he produced several new plays, some
of which were applauded, and the rest condemned.
As soon as the novelty of the design was over, a
visible difference appeared between the audiences
of the two years. The company, which as the play-bills said dropped from the clouds, were dis
banded; and the manager, not having attended to
MR. DoDSLEY’s PREFACE. cxxix
the voice of economy in his prosperity, was left no richer or more independent than when he first engaged in the project.
The severity of Mr. Fielding's satire in these
pieces had galled the minister to that degree, that
the impression was not erased from his mind when the cause of it had lost all effect. He meditated
therefore a severe revenge on the stage, and de
termined to prevent any attacks of the like kind for
the future. In the execution of this plan he stea
dily persisted;
and at last had the satisfaction of
seeing the enemy, which had given him so much uneasiness, effectually restrained from any power
of annoying him on the public theatres. An act of parliament passed in the year 1737, which for bad the representation of any performance not pre viously licenced by the Lord Chamberlain, or in any place, except the city of Westminster and the
liberties thereof, or where the royal family should
at any time reside. It also took from the crown the power of licensing any more theatres, and in
flicted heavy penalties on those who should here after perform in defiance of the regulations in the statute. This unpopular act did not pass without opposition. It called forth the eloquence of Lord
Chesterfield in a speech, wherein the arguments favour this obnoxious law were answered, the
dangers which might ensue from were pointed
out, and the little necessity for such hostilities VOL.
I.
of
all k
it
in
CXXX --
SUPPL EMENT TO
against the stage clearly demonstrated. It also excited an alarm in the people at large, as tending
to introduce restraints on the liberty of the press. Many pamphlets were published against the prin
ciple of the act; and it was combated in every
shape which wit, ridicule, or argument, could op
pose it All these, however, availed nothing;
the minister had resolved, and the parliament was
too compliant
mended from
slight bill which came recom powerful quarter. there
law, and freed the then, and
fore passed into
future ministers, from any apprehensions mis
chief from the wit or malice of dramatic writers. The year 1740, was rendered remarkable
This was the late Mr. Garrick, who, after experi encing some slights from the managers Drury Lane and Covent-Garden, determined make trial his theatrical qualifications the playhouse
Goodman's Fields, under the direction Mr. Giffard, who was that time permitted perform there without molestation. The part chose
his first appearance was that Richard the Third, which displayed clear conception
character, such power execution, and union talents varied, extensive, and unexpected, soon fixed his reputation the first actor
theatrical world the
whose genius seemed intended adorn, and whose abilities were destined support the stage,
appearance actor,
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MR. DODSLEY'S PREFACE. cxxxi
own or any former times. His fame spread through every part of the town with the greatest
rapidity; and Goodman's Fields theatre, which had been confined to the inhabitants of the city, be came the resort of the polite, and was honoured
people. At Goodman's Fields, Mr. Garrick remained
with the notice of ranks and orders
but one season; after which lane, where continued and, by prudent attention
removed Drury increase his reputation,
the dictates fru gality and discretion, acquired character which
pointed him out proper person succeed the management the theatre few years after,
accomplish
The affairs Drury-lane theatre suffered the
mischiefs which could arise from the imprudence inability the manager. That gentleman had em
barrassed his domestic concerns almost every species misconduct, and involved himself such
and fortune which enabled him
that point when the opportunity offered.
difficulties,
that there remained no other means extricating himself from them than abandoning his country, and retiring abroad. About the year
1745, the whole either mortgaged
had been assigned tised be disposed
his property the theatre was sold; and the patent, which
some creditors, was adver public auction. Two Bankers soon afterwards became the purchasers,
and they received into the management the late Mr.
to
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cxxxii SUPPLEMENT To
Lacey, to whom the conduct of the theatre was
relinquished.
The calamities of the times affected
the credit of many persons at this juncture; and
amongst the rest of the new managers, who found
themselves obliged to stop payment. Their mis fortunes occasioned the patent again to become
the object of a sale. It was offered to several persons, but few appeared to have courage enough
to venture upon At length was proposed
Mr. Lacey, that and Mr. Garrick should be come joint-purchasers. The offer was accepted.
renewal the patent was solicited and obtained. All the preliminaries were short time settled,
and, the year 1747, the house was opened with Prologue written Dr. Johnson, and spoken
Mr. Garrick.
From this period may dated the flourishing
state the theatre. The new partners were fur
nished with abilities make their purchase advan tageous themselves, and useful the public.
Mr. Garrick's admirable performances insured them great audiences; and the industry and attention
Mr. Lacey were employed rendering the house
convenient the frequenters They both exerted their endeavours acquire the favour the town; and the preference which was given them over their rivals the other theatre suffi
ciently proved the superior estimation they were held The harmony which subsisted between
1.
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MR. Dodsley's PREFACE. cxxxiii
them contributed to the success of their under
taking, and their efforts in the end procured them both riches and respect.
The month of December, 1761, was marked with the death of Mr. Rich, who had been ma nager under the patents granted by Charles the
Second almost fifty years. His peculiar excel lence in the composition of those performances
which demanded shew and expence enabled him, with an indifferent company of actors, to make a stand against the greatest performers of his time:
he was unrivalled in the representation of his fa vourite character Harlequin, and possessed with
many foibles some qualities which commanded the esteem of his friends and acquaintance. On his decease, the business of Covent-Garden theatre
was conducted by his son-in-law Mr. Beard.
In the year 1763, Mr. Garrick, by the advice of
his physicians, went abroad, in order to relax from the fatigues of profession, and re-establish health, which had been much broken uninter rupted exertion abilities the stage. He was absent two seasons, and then returned the
theatre, where remained until the year 1776. The theatre the Hay-market had for some
years been occupied the summer time of licences from the Lord Chamberlain.
month July, 1766, was advanced
nity theatre royal; patent being then made.
virtue In the
the dig
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cxxxiv. SU PPL EMI ENT TO
out to Mr. Foote, authorizing him to build a thea tre in the city and liberties of Westminster, and to exhibit dramatic performances, &c. therein, from
the 14th day of May to the 14th of September, during life. On this grant being passed, the patentee purchased the old playhouse, which had been built 1720, and immediately pulled down. was rebuilt the course the next
year, and opened the month May, 1767. Mr. Foote very successfully managed this theatre until the season before his death.
From the decease Mr. Rich, Covent-Garden theatre had been intrusted the direction of his
son-in-law Mr. Beard, who introduced several
musical pieces the stage, which were received with applause, and brought considerable profits those concerned the house. The taste of the public inclined very much this species per
formance for several seasons; but about the year
1766 the audiences beginning lessen, and the
acting manager finding
which desirous the quiet
relief for had long been afflicted with,
retiring from the bustle private life. the summer
deafness became
theatre 1767,
negociation was set foot and Rutherford, for the purchase
the play-house which belonged prietors; but the advantage
Messieurs Harris the property
the then pro having capital
performer one the sharers being suggested,
as
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MR. DoDSLEY'S PREFACE. CXXXV
Mr. Powell was invited to join with them, and he recommended Mr. Colman as a person from whom the undertaking would receive great advantage.
The proposal being assented to by the several parties, the property of the theatre was assigned in
August, 1767; the conduct of the stage was in trusted to Mr. Colman, and the house opened on the 14th of September with the Comedy of the Rehearsal; and a Prologue written by Paul White head, and spoken by Mr. Powell.
The disputes which soon afterwards arose amongst the new managers are unworthy of any
notice, on account of the virulence and acrimony with which each party seems to have been inflamed: it is sufficient to observe, that after they had con
tinued a long time, and had received a judicial de termination, they were amicably ended.
Mr. Rutherford sold his share to Messieurs Leake and Dagge. Mr. Powell died in July,
1769;
Fisher, who by that means became entitled to
some part of her late husband's interest in the
theatre. Mr. Colman managed the affairs of the stage until the year 1774, when his right was pur
chased by the rest of his partners, to whom it was immediately assigned.
In 1776, an event took place, which the ad mirers of theatrical entertainments had long ex pected with concern, and now viewed with regret.
3-
and his widow afterwards married Dr.
cxxxvi SUPPLEMENT TO
Mr. Garrick, at a period when his powers had
suffered little injury from time, and in the height of his fame and popularity, determined to relin
quish connection with the stage, and retire the honourable enjoyment large fortune, ac
quired the course near forty years spent
the service the public. His last appearance
was the character Don Felix the Play
the Wonder, acted the 10th day June, for charitable benefit. He was honoured with
brilliant and crowded audience, and was dismissed with the loudest applauses ever heard theatre.
The obligations which the public are under him for the decency and propriety our present
dramatic performances, will ever intitle him the grateful respect the world, independent his
extraordinary author.
merit either actor
As this the period which the present im perfect account the English theatre intended
closed, some apology may expected for
the defects more copious and particular detail would not have been consistent with the
plan this work; and the materials for history
executed with such minuteness the subject de serves are too much scattered, and too difficult
obtained, readily brought together. Many
might pro cured from those who have access the interior
circumstances and much information
to
ofin ofin a is a
be
or
as of to
an to a of in to
be
of
to be
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MR. DoDSLEY'S PREFACE. cxxxvii
of the present playhouses; the neglected pamphlets
of former times would afford a great fund of intel ligence; and the remembrance of many individuals would furnish particulars of considerable value to
any person who had leisure and abilities for such
an undertaking. The History of the Drama seems in
titled to more regard than hath been bestowed upon To excite the attention of those who are best
qualified for such work, hath been the chief end
the present slight view
more worthy public notice. March 31, 1780.
the English theatres, pardon, may
which can only entitled
probably some future time
ducing performance with fewer imperfections and
the means pro
a
at
of
be
a
be to of
as of it
of
it.
HISTORIA HISTRIONICA : AN
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
THE ENGLISH STAGE; sh Ewing,
THE ANCIENT Use, IMPROVEMENT, AND PERFECTION OF DRAMATIC REPRESENTATIONS IN THIS NATION.
IN
A DIALOGUE OF PLAYS AND PLAYERS.
—Olim meminisse juvabit.
LONDON;
PRINTED BY G. G Room, FOR WILLIAM HAWEs, AT THE ROSE IN LUDGATE-STREET.
1699.
This tract was originally printed in 1699. It is said to have been the production of James Wright of New Inn, afterwards of the Middle Temple, Barrister at Law.
He was the author of The Antiquities of Rutlandshire, and some poems; particularly, (1. ) “An Essay on the
“present Ruins of St. Paul's Cathedral. ” To which is annexed, “The Misfortunes of St. Paul's Cathe “dral,” in heroic verse, 4to. 1668; re-printed with
two other poems under the title of, (2) “Three poems “ of St. Paul's Cathedral; viz. The Ruins, The Re
“building, The Choire”, Fo. 1697. ” and (3. ) “Phoe “ mix Paulina, a Poem on St. Paul's Cathedral, 4to.
“ 1709+. ” He was alive in 1710, being mentioned by
Mr. Hearne in his preface to Leland's Itimerary, in this manner; “I could have supply'd more Lacunae, and
“in likelyhood have render'd this performance more “perfect, had had the use very good tran
“script Mr. Leland's Itinerary, taken about the time Queen Elizabeth (before the originals took wet,
“is suppos'd) and was formerly possession James “Wright, the Middle Temple, Esq. the worthy “author the Antiquities Rutlandshire; but this,
“with multitude
“unhappily burnt
“the year 1698,
“inform me. ” Anthony Wood says, wrote elegy on the death Mr. John Goad, Master Merchant Taylor's School, who died 1689. (See Wood's Athenae,
vol. 839. )
-
-
other valuable curiosities, was
the fire the Middle Temple, Mr. Wright has been pleased
British Topography, vol. 610.
Catalogue pamphlets the Harleian Library, 140.
+ of 1.
all
of
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of if I
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“
THE PREFACE. *
MUCH has been writ of late pro and con about the stage, yet the subject admits of more, and that which has not been hitherto touched upon ; not only what that but what was, about which some people have made such bustle. What
we see, and think has been sufficiently dis play’d Mr. Collier's book; what was former ages and how used this kingdom, far back
one may collect any memorials, the subject the following dialogue. Old plays will always
read the curious, were only discover the
manners and behaviour several ages and how they altered. For plays are exactly like portraits,
drawn the garb and fashion the time when
You see one habit the time Charles
another quite different from that, both for men and women, Queen Elizabeth's time another
This preface now for the first time inserted, Mr.
Reed having omitted probably because his copy was not perfect. reprinted from the first edition 1699,
painted.
which the former editor had not been able
procure.
It is
by in
is it
is, it
to
;
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under Henry the Eighth different from both, and so backward all various. And in the several fashions
of behaviour and conversation there is as much
mutability as in that of clothes. Religion and re ligious matters was once as much the mode in public entertainments, as the contrary has been in
some times since. This appears in the different
plays of several ages: and to evince this the fol lowing sheets are an essay or specimen.
Some may think the subject of this discourse trivial, and the persons herein mentioned not worth
But besides that I could name some
remembering.
things contested of late with great heat, of as little or less consequence, the reader may know that the profession of players is not so totally scandalous, nor them reprobate, but that there has been found under that name canonized saint the pri mitive church; may seen the Roman Mar
tyrology the 29th March: his name Masculas, master interludes (the Latin Archimimus, and the French translation Maitre comedien) who under the persecution the Vandals Africa,
Geisericus the Arian King, having, endured many
and grievous torments and reproaches for the con
fession the truth, finished the course this glo rious combat, saith the said Martyrology.
appears from this and some further instances the following discourse, that there have been
in It
all of
of
of on
be a
in of
of
un
in
is
in by a
as
so
cxliii
players of worthy principles as to religion, loyalty
and other virtues; and if the major part of them
fall under a different character, it is the general
unhappiness of mankind, that the most are the (VOrSt.
A DIALOGUE, &c.
LovEw It, TRUE.
