384, An-
Welcker, Nachtrag z.
Welcker, Nachtrag z.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
) Others of his
ten books. The extract in Dig. 40. tit. 12. &. 42, poems were of a mythical and heroic character, but
though headed“ Labeo Libro quarto Posteriorum,” some of these also were partially erotic. In his
is undoubtedly taken from the edition of Javolenus, poems on heroic subjects he very much resembled
for at the end of the extract are these words: “Ja- Stesichorus, his immediate predecessor in the canon.
volenus : haec vera sunt. ” The 1st book, as may in his dialect, as well as in the character of his
be collected from the extracts in the Digest, treated poetry, there was a mixture of the Doric and
of testaments, the 2nd and 3rd of legacies, the 4th Aeolic. Suidas mentions seven books of his lyric
and 5th of contracts, the 6th of Dos and Nuptiae. poems, of which only a few fragments now remain.
From the 7th there is no extract. The 8th treated The best edition of the fragments is that of
of tutela, the 9th of private delicta, the luth of Schneidewin. (Schneid. Ibyci Carm. Reliq. , with
procedure. (Regius in Otto. Thes. Juris, vol. ii. an introductory Epistle from K. O. Müller, Gotting.
p. 1473, seq. )
1835, 8vo. ; Schneid. Delect. Poes. Eleg. ; Müller,
(The modern biographers of Javolenus have been Dorier, vol. ii. p. 350 ; Bergk, Frag. Poet. Lyr.
very numerous. The best and ablest is Van Al- Graec. ; Welcker, Rhein. Mus. 1832, vol. iii. p.
phen, whose Spicilegia de Javoleno Prisco Icto et 401, Kleine Schriften, vol. i. p. 100 ; Bode, Ulrici,
specimen observationum ad quaedam ejus fragmenta Gesch. d. Hellen. Dichtkunst ; Müller, Bernhardy,
in Pandectis obvia, first published 4to, Ultraj. Gesch. d. Hell. Lit. )
[P. S. )
1768, was reprinted in the excellent collection of ICA'DIUS, a Cretan, and brother of lapys, who
.
## p. 558 (#574) ############################################
558
ICARIUS.
ICARIUS.
guided by a dolphin (Apollo), came to Mount Par Sparth, while Icarius remained in Acamania AC-
nisgus, and there gave Delphi and Crissa their cording to Apollodorus (iii. 10. § 5), however,
names. (Serv. ad Aen. iii. 332. ) (L. S. ] Icarius also returned. Another tradition relates
ICA'RIUS ('Ikápos), also called Icarus and that Icarius, who sided with Hippocoon, assisted
Icarion. I. An Athenian, who lived in the reign him in expelling Tyndareus from Sparta (Paus.
of Pandion, and hospitably received Dionysus on ii. 1. $ 4; Eustath. l. c. ; Schol. ad Eurip. Orest.
his arrival in Attica. The god showed him his 447. ) While in Acarnania, Icarius became the
gratitude by teaching him the cultivation of the father of Penelope, Alyzeus, and Leucadius, by Poly-
vine, and giving him bags filled with wine. Icarius caste, the daughter of Lygaeus: according to others
now rode about in a chariot, and distributed the he was married to Dorodoche, or Asterodein.
precious gifts of the god; but some shepherds whom (Strab. x. pp. 452, 461 ; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1417;
their friends intoxicated with wine, and who thought Schol. ad Hom. Od. xv. 16. ) Others again relate
that they were poisoned by Icarius, slew him, and that by the Naiad Periboea he became the father
threw his body into the well Anygrus, or buried it of Thoas, Damasippus, Imeusimus, Aletes (or
under a tree. His daughter Erigone (for he was Semus and Auletes), Perileus, and Penelope.
married to Phanothea, the inventor of the hexameter, (Apollod. iï. 10. 8 6' ; Paus. viii. 31. & 2; Tzetz.
Clem. Alex. Strom. i. p. 366), or as some call her ad Lycoph. 511; Schol. ad Hom. Od. xv. 16 ;
Aletis, after a long scarch, found his grave, to which Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1773. ) In the Odyssey (ir.
she was conducted by his faithful dog Maera. From | 797, i. 329) Iphthime also is mentioned as one of
grief she hung herself on the tree under which he his daughters. When his daughter Penelope had
was buried. Zeus or Dionysus placed her, together grown up, he promised her hand to the victor in a
with Icarius and his cup, among the stars, making foot-race, in which he desired the suitors to con-
Erigone the Virgin, Icarius Bootes or Arcturus, and tend, and Odysseus won the prize (Paus. iii. 12.
Maera the dog-star. The god then punished the $ 2); but according to others, Tyndareus sued for
ungrateful Athenians with a plague or a mania, the hand of Penelope for Odysseus, from gratitude
in which all the Athenian maidens hung themselves for a piece of advice which Odyssens had given him.
as Erigone had done. (Comp. Gellius, xv. 10. ) The (Apollod. iii. 10. § 9. ) When Penelope was be-
oracle, when consulted, answered, that Athens trothed to Odysseus, Icarius tried to persuade the
should be delivered from the calamity as soon as latter to remain at Sparta, but Odysseus declined
Erigone should be propitiated, and her and her doing this, and departed with Penelope. Icarius
father's body should be found. The bodies were | followed his daughter, entreating her to remain ;
not discovered, but a festival called alápa or and as Odysseus demanded of her to give a de-
& Antides, was instituted in honour of Erigone, and cided answer as to what she meant to do, she was
fruits were offered up as a sacrifice to her and her silent, but at length she modestly covered her face,
father. The dokoladuós, or dancing on a leather and declared that she would follow her husband.
bag filled with air and smeared with oil, at the Icarius then desisted from further entreaties, and
festivals of Dionysus, was likewise traced to Icarius, erected a statue of Modesty on the spot. (Paus,
who was said to have killed a ram for having in- ii. 20. § 10. )
(L. S. )
jured the vines, to have made a bag of his skin, ICA'RIUS, & son of the notary Theodorus,
and then performed a dance. (Hygin. Poet. Astr. who, with others, was put to death by the emperor
ii. 4. ) Another tradition states that the murderers Valens at Antioch A. D. 371, for seeking by ma-
of Icarius fled to the island of Cos, which was gical arts to ascertain who was to be the successor
therefore visited by a drought, during which the of that emperor. Icarius was distinguished by his
fields were burned, and epidemics prevailed. Aris- literary attainments"; and Tillemont is disposed to
treus prayed to his father, Apollo, for help, and identify him with the rhetorician mentioned by
Apollo advised him to propitiate Icarius with many Augustin in his Confessiones, to whom Tillemont
sacrifices, and to beg Zeus to send the winds called gives the name of Icarius ; but in the editions of
Etesiae, which Zeus, in consequence, made blow at Augustin which we have consulted the rhetorician is
the rising of the dog-star for forty days. One of not called Icarius. Icarius wrote a poem in honour
the Attic demi derived its name from Icarius. of the emperor Theodosius the Great ; and received
(Apollod. iii. 14. 87; Paus i. 2. § 4; Hygin. from him, apparently in return for this compliment,
Fab. 130, Poet. Astr. ii. 4, 25 ; Serv. ad Virg. the dignity of comes Orientis. He appears to have
Georg. i. 67, 218, ii. 389; Eustath. ad Hom. pp. been a pagan ; a man of suspicious temper, and
389, 1535; Tibull. iv. 1, 9; Propert. ii. 33, 29 ; easily led by others into acts to which probably his
Ov. Met. vi. 126, x. 451 ; Pollux, iv. 55; Steph. own disposition would not have prompted him.
Byz. s. v. 'Irapia; Hesych. s. v. Aluspa, 'AiņTIS; When he entered upon his office, A. D.
384, An-
Welcker, Nachtrag z. Aeschyl. Tril. p. 222, &c. ) tioch was suffering from a severe famine, and he
2. A Lacedaemonian, a son of Perieres and Gor-made matters worse by threats against the bakers,
gophone, a grandson of Aeolus or Cynortas, and a in order to induce them to sell at a fixed price, an
brother of Apbareus, Leucippus, and Tyndareus. arbitrary proceeding which induced them to take
(A pollod. i. 9. § 5, iii. 10. § 3; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. to flight. The sophist Libanius, to whom Icarius
511. ) Others called him a grandson of Perieres, had shown great respect as to a father, induced
and a son of Oebalus by Bateia (Apollod. iii. 10. him to recal his threats ; but Icarins soon reverted
$ 4; Eustath. al Hom. p. 293), or a son of Oebalus to his arbitrary proceedings. Libanius addressed
and Gorgophone, and a grandson of Cynortas. three Orations to Icarius, one hortatory, the others
(Paus. iii. 1. § 4. ) Hippocoon, a natural son of invectives. The second invective is not given in
Oebalus, expelled his two brothers, Tyndareus the edition of the works of Libanius by Morell (2
and Icarius, from Lacedaemon: they fled to Thes-vols. fol. Paris, 1606_1627), but was first published
tills at Pleuron, and dwelt beyond the river in the edition of Reiske, 4 vols. 8vo. Altenburg,
Achelous. Subsequently, when Heracles had slain 1791–97. From these Orations, and from the
Hippocoon and his sons, Tyndareus returned to discourse of Libanius, Hepi tîs autoỦ Túxns, De
## p. 559 (#575) ############################################
ICELUS.
559
ICILIUS.
Furtuna (s. De Vita)
sua, our knowledge of Icarius | gods, sys Ovid (Met. xi. 640), called him Icelus,
is derived. (Comp. Tillemont, Hist. des Emp. vol. but men called him Phobetor.
(L. S. )
v. p. 108, &c. 227, &c. )
(J. C. M. ] I'CELUS, MARCIANUS, & freedman of
I'CARUS ("Ikapos), a son of Daedalus. On Galba, who was arrested by Nero on the first
his flight from Crete, his father attached to his tidings of his patron's defection, but released
body wings made of wax, and advised him not to when the revolt against the emperor extended to
dy too high ; but Icarus, forgetting the advice of Rome. Having given up Nero's body to his freed-
his father, flew so high that the sun melted the women for sepulture, Icelus hurried from Rome to
wings, and Icarus fell down into the sea, which Clunia in Hispania Tarraconensis with the news of
was called after him, the Icarian. (Ov. Met. viii. Nero's death, and of Galba's nomination to the
195; Hygin. Fab. 40. ). His body, which was empire by the army and the senate, A. D. 68.
washed on shore, was said to have been buried by His earnest representations removed Galba's fears,
Heracles. (Paus. ix. 11. ) The ancients explained and he rewarded Icelus with the rank and golden
the fable of the wings of Icarus, hy understanding ring of an eques, and with the honorry addition
by it the invention of sails ; and in fact some tradi- of Marcianus to his former name. Icelus was the
tions stated that Daedalus and Icarus fled from most ignoble, the most powerful, and not the least
Crete in a ship. Diodorus (iv. 77) relates that rapacious of Galba's freedmen and favourites.
Icarus, while ascending into the air in the island (Plut. Galb. 7 ; comp. Dion Cass. lxiv. 2. ) In
of Icaria, fell down through his carelessness, and the parties that divided the imperial council he
was drowned. Respecting the connection of Icarus supported Cornelius Laco, the praetorian prefect
with the early history of art, see DaEDALUB. (L. S. ) (Laco), and with him opposed the adoption of M.
I'CCIUS. 1. A noble of Rheims in Gallia Bel- Salvius Otho. After Galba's murder, which was
gica, who headed a deputation of his townemen to perhaps accelerated by Icelus' advice, Icelus was
Caesar in B. c. 57, placing their state at Caesar's dis- executed by Otho's command as a libertinus, with-
posal, and praying his aid against the other Belgic out regard to his new equestrian dignity. (Tac.
communities then in arms against Rome. Iccius Hist. i. 13, 33, 37, 46, ii. 95; Suet. Ner. 49, Gulb.
defended Bibrax (Bièvre) against the other tribes 14, 22. )
[W. B. D. )
of the Belgae immediately after his return from ICHNAEA ('Ixvaia), that is, the tracing god-
Caesar's quarters. (Caes. B. G. i. 3, 6. )
dess, occurs as a surname of Themis, though in ber
2. M. , was appointed praetor of Sicily by M. case it may have been derived from the town of
Antony just before the departure of the latter for Ichnae, where she was worshipped (Hom. Hymn.
Cisalpine Gaul, in November, B. C. 44. (Cic. Phil. in Apoll
. Del. 94 ; Lycoph. 129; Strab. ix. p. 435 ;
iii. 10. )
Steph. Byz. s. v. Ixvai), and a surname of Nemesis.
3. A friend of Horace, who addressed to him an (Brunck, Anal. ii. pp. 1. 86. )
(L. S. ]
ode (Carm. i. 29), and an epistle (Ep. i. 12). The I'CHTHYAS('ixovas), the son of Metallus, and
ode was written in B. C. 25, when Iccius was pre- a disciple of Euclid of Megara, is spoken of as a
paring to join Aelius Gallus (GALLUS, A ELius) | distinguished man, to whom Diogenes the eynic
in his expedition to Arabia, and in it Horace dis- inscribed a dialogue. (Diog. Laërt. ii. 112 ; Athen.
suades lccius from quitting security and philo viii. p. 333, a. )
sophy for doubtful gains and certain hardships. 1CHTHYOCENTAURUS (Ιχθυοκένταυρος),
The epistle was composed about ten years after that is, a fish-centaur, or a particular kind of Tri-
wards, when Iccius had become Vipsanius Agrippa's ton. Ichthyocentauri were fabulous beings, the
steward in Sicily, and had resumed his philoso- upper part of whose body was conceived to have a
phical studies, without, however, acquiring the art of human form, and the lower that of a fish, while the
content. In both poems Horace reprehends point- place of the hands was occupied by a horse's feet.
edly, but delicately, in Iccius an inordinate desire They differed from the ordinary Tritons by the fact
for wealth. The immediate occasion of the epistle that the latter were simply half men and half fish,
was to introduce Pompeius Grosphus (GROSPHUS) and had not the feet of horses. (Tzetz ud Lycoph.
to Iccius. Iccius has been defended from the im- 34, 886, 892. )
(L. S. )
putation of avarice by Jacobs (Rhein. Mus. ii. 1, ICI'LIA GENS, plebeian, distinguished in the
Verm. Schr. v. p. 1-30).
(W. B. D. ] early history of the republic for its resistance to the
ICCUS (Ikkos). 1. Of Tarentum, a distin- patricians, and its support of the liberties of the
guished athlete and teacher of gymnastics. Pau- plebeians. Many members of the gens bore the
sanias (vi. 10. § 2) calls him the best gymnast of surname of Ruga, but as they are more frequently
his age, that is, of the period about Ol. 77, or B. C. mentioned without than with this cognomen, they
470; and Plato also mentions him with great are all given under Icilius.
praise (de Leg. viii. p. 840, Protag. p. 316, with ICI'LIUS. 1. Sp. ICILIUS, was one of the
the Schol ; comp. Lucian, Quomodo Hist. sit con- three envoys sent by the plebeians, after their
scrib.
ten books. The extract in Dig. 40. tit. 12. &. 42, poems were of a mythical and heroic character, but
though headed“ Labeo Libro quarto Posteriorum,” some of these also were partially erotic. In his
is undoubtedly taken from the edition of Javolenus, poems on heroic subjects he very much resembled
for at the end of the extract are these words: “Ja- Stesichorus, his immediate predecessor in the canon.
volenus : haec vera sunt. ” The 1st book, as may in his dialect, as well as in the character of his
be collected from the extracts in the Digest, treated poetry, there was a mixture of the Doric and
of testaments, the 2nd and 3rd of legacies, the 4th Aeolic. Suidas mentions seven books of his lyric
and 5th of contracts, the 6th of Dos and Nuptiae. poems, of which only a few fragments now remain.
From the 7th there is no extract. The 8th treated The best edition of the fragments is that of
of tutela, the 9th of private delicta, the luth of Schneidewin. (Schneid. Ibyci Carm. Reliq. , with
procedure. (Regius in Otto. Thes. Juris, vol. ii. an introductory Epistle from K. O. Müller, Gotting.
p. 1473, seq. )
1835, 8vo. ; Schneid. Delect. Poes. Eleg. ; Müller,
(The modern biographers of Javolenus have been Dorier, vol. ii. p. 350 ; Bergk, Frag. Poet. Lyr.
very numerous. The best and ablest is Van Al- Graec. ; Welcker, Rhein. Mus. 1832, vol. iii. p.
phen, whose Spicilegia de Javoleno Prisco Icto et 401, Kleine Schriften, vol. i. p. 100 ; Bode, Ulrici,
specimen observationum ad quaedam ejus fragmenta Gesch. d. Hellen. Dichtkunst ; Müller, Bernhardy,
in Pandectis obvia, first published 4to, Ultraj. Gesch. d. Hell. Lit. )
[P. S. )
1768, was reprinted in the excellent collection of ICA'DIUS, a Cretan, and brother of lapys, who
.
## p. 558 (#574) ############################################
558
ICARIUS.
ICARIUS.
guided by a dolphin (Apollo), came to Mount Par Sparth, while Icarius remained in Acamania AC-
nisgus, and there gave Delphi and Crissa their cording to Apollodorus (iii. 10. § 5), however,
names. (Serv. ad Aen. iii. 332. ) (L. S. ] Icarius also returned. Another tradition relates
ICA'RIUS ('Ikápos), also called Icarus and that Icarius, who sided with Hippocoon, assisted
Icarion. I. An Athenian, who lived in the reign him in expelling Tyndareus from Sparta (Paus.
of Pandion, and hospitably received Dionysus on ii. 1. $ 4; Eustath. l. c. ; Schol. ad Eurip. Orest.
his arrival in Attica. The god showed him his 447. ) While in Acarnania, Icarius became the
gratitude by teaching him the cultivation of the father of Penelope, Alyzeus, and Leucadius, by Poly-
vine, and giving him bags filled with wine. Icarius caste, the daughter of Lygaeus: according to others
now rode about in a chariot, and distributed the he was married to Dorodoche, or Asterodein.
precious gifts of the god; but some shepherds whom (Strab. x. pp. 452, 461 ; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1417;
their friends intoxicated with wine, and who thought Schol. ad Hom. Od. xv. 16. ) Others again relate
that they were poisoned by Icarius, slew him, and that by the Naiad Periboea he became the father
threw his body into the well Anygrus, or buried it of Thoas, Damasippus, Imeusimus, Aletes (or
under a tree. His daughter Erigone (for he was Semus and Auletes), Perileus, and Penelope.
married to Phanothea, the inventor of the hexameter, (Apollod. iï. 10. 8 6' ; Paus. viii. 31. & 2; Tzetz.
Clem. Alex. Strom. i. p. 366), or as some call her ad Lycoph. 511; Schol. ad Hom. Od. xv. 16 ;
Aletis, after a long scarch, found his grave, to which Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1773. ) In the Odyssey (ir.
she was conducted by his faithful dog Maera. From | 797, i. 329) Iphthime also is mentioned as one of
grief she hung herself on the tree under which he his daughters. When his daughter Penelope had
was buried. Zeus or Dionysus placed her, together grown up, he promised her hand to the victor in a
with Icarius and his cup, among the stars, making foot-race, in which he desired the suitors to con-
Erigone the Virgin, Icarius Bootes or Arcturus, and tend, and Odysseus won the prize (Paus. iii. 12.
Maera the dog-star. The god then punished the $ 2); but according to others, Tyndareus sued for
ungrateful Athenians with a plague or a mania, the hand of Penelope for Odysseus, from gratitude
in which all the Athenian maidens hung themselves for a piece of advice which Odyssens had given him.
as Erigone had done. (Comp. Gellius, xv. 10. ) The (Apollod. iii. 10. § 9. ) When Penelope was be-
oracle, when consulted, answered, that Athens trothed to Odysseus, Icarius tried to persuade the
should be delivered from the calamity as soon as latter to remain at Sparta, but Odysseus declined
Erigone should be propitiated, and her and her doing this, and departed with Penelope. Icarius
father's body should be found. The bodies were | followed his daughter, entreating her to remain ;
not discovered, but a festival called alápa or and as Odysseus demanded of her to give a de-
& Antides, was instituted in honour of Erigone, and cided answer as to what she meant to do, she was
fruits were offered up as a sacrifice to her and her silent, but at length she modestly covered her face,
father. The dokoladuós, or dancing on a leather and declared that she would follow her husband.
bag filled with air and smeared with oil, at the Icarius then desisted from further entreaties, and
festivals of Dionysus, was likewise traced to Icarius, erected a statue of Modesty on the spot. (Paus,
who was said to have killed a ram for having in- ii. 20. § 10. )
(L. S. )
jured the vines, to have made a bag of his skin, ICA'RIUS, & son of the notary Theodorus,
and then performed a dance. (Hygin. Poet. Astr. who, with others, was put to death by the emperor
ii. 4. ) Another tradition states that the murderers Valens at Antioch A. D. 371, for seeking by ma-
of Icarius fled to the island of Cos, which was gical arts to ascertain who was to be the successor
therefore visited by a drought, during which the of that emperor. Icarius was distinguished by his
fields were burned, and epidemics prevailed. Aris- literary attainments"; and Tillemont is disposed to
treus prayed to his father, Apollo, for help, and identify him with the rhetorician mentioned by
Apollo advised him to propitiate Icarius with many Augustin in his Confessiones, to whom Tillemont
sacrifices, and to beg Zeus to send the winds called gives the name of Icarius ; but in the editions of
Etesiae, which Zeus, in consequence, made blow at Augustin which we have consulted the rhetorician is
the rising of the dog-star for forty days. One of not called Icarius. Icarius wrote a poem in honour
the Attic demi derived its name from Icarius. of the emperor Theodosius the Great ; and received
(Apollod. iii. 14. 87; Paus i. 2. § 4; Hygin. from him, apparently in return for this compliment,
Fab. 130, Poet. Astr. ii. 4, 25 ; Serv. ad Virg. the dignity of comes Orientis. He appears to have
Georg. i. 67, 218, ii. 389; Eustath. ad Hom. pp. been a pagan ; a man of suspicious temper, and
389, 1535; Tibull. iv. 1, 9; Propert. ii. 33, 29 ; easily led by others into acts to which probably his
Ov. Met. vi. 126, x. 451 ; Pollux, iv. 55; Steph. own disposition would not have prompted him.
Byz. s. v. 'Irapia; Hesych. s. v. Aluspa, 'AiņTIS; When he entered upon his office, A. D.
384, An-
Welcker, Nachtrag z. Aeschyl. Tril. p. 222, &c. ) tioch was suffering from a severe famine, and he
2. A Lacedaemonian, a son of Perieres and Gor-made matters worse by threats against the bakers,
gophone, a grandson of Aeolus or Cynortas, and a in order to induce them to sell at a fixed price, an
brother of Apbareus, Leucippus, and Tyndareus. arbitrary proceeding which induced them to take
(A pollod. i. 9. § 5, iii. 10. § 3; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. to flight. The sophist Libanius, to whom Icarius
511. ) Others called him a grandson of Perieres, had shown great respect as to a father, induced
and a son of Oebalus by Bateia (Apollod. iii. 10. him to recal his threats ; but Icarins soon reverted
$ 4; Eustath. al Hom. p. 293), or a son of Oebalus to his arbitrary proceedings. Libanius addressed
and Gorgophone, and a grandson of Cynortas. three Orations to Icarius, one hortatory, the others
(Paus. iii. 1. § 4. ) Hippocoon, a natural son of invectives. The second invective is not given in
Oebalus, expelled his two brothers, Tyndareus the edition of the works of Libanius by Morell (2
and Icarius, from Lacedaemon: they fled to Thes-vols. fol. Paris, 1606_1627), but was first published
tills at Pleuron, and dwelt beyond the river in the edition of Reiske, 4 vols. 8vo. Altenburg,
Achelous. Subsequently, when Heracles had slain 1791–97. From these Orations, and from the
Hippocoon and his sons, Tyndareus returned to discourse of Libanius, Hepi tîs autoỦ Túxns, De
## p. 559 (#575) ############################################
ICELUS.
559
ICILIUS.
Furtuna (s. De Vita)
sua, our knowledge of Icarius | gods, sys Ovid (Met. xi. 640), called him Icelus,
is derived. (Comp. Tillemont, Hist. des Emp. vol. but men called him Phobetor.
(L. S. )
v. p. 108, &c. 227, &c. )
(J. C. M. ] I'CELUS, MARCIANUS, & freedman of
I'CARUS ("Ikapos), a son of Daedalus. On Galba, who was arrested by Nero on the first
his flight from Crete, his father attached to his tidings of his patron's defection, but released
body wings made of wax, and advised him not to when the revolt against the emperor extended to
dy too high ; but Icarus, forgetting the advice of Rome. Having given up Nero's body to his freed-
his father, flew so high that the sun melted the women for sepulture, Icelus hurried from Rome to
wings, and Icarus fell down into the sea, which Clunia in Hispania Tarraconensis with the news of
was called after him, the Icarian. (Ov. Met. viii. Nero's death, and of Galba's nomination to the
195; Hygin. Fab. 40. ). His body, which was empire by the army and the senate, A. D. 68.
washed on shore, was said to have been buried by His earnest representations removed Galba's fears,
Heracles. (Paus. ix. 11. ) The ancients explained and he rewarded Icelus with the rank and golden
the fable of the wings of Icarus, hy understanding ring of an eques, and with the honorry addition
by it the invention of sails ; and in fact some tradi- of Marcianus to his former name. Icelus was the
tions stated that Daedalus and Icarus fled from most ignoble, the most powerful, and not the least
Crete in a ship. Diodorus (iv. 77) relates that rapacious of Galba's freedmen and favourites.
Icarus, while ascending into the air in the island (Plut. Galb. 7 ; comp. Dion Cass. lxiv. 2. ) In
of Icaria, fell down through his carelessness, and the parties that divided the imperial council he
was drowned. Respecting the connection of Icarus supported Cornelius Laco, the praetorian prefect
with the early history of art, see DaEDALUB. (L. S. ) (Laco), and with him opposed the adoption of M.
I'CCIUS. 1. A noble of Rheims in Gallia Bel- Salvius Otho. After Galba's murder, which was
gica, who headed a deputation of his townemen to perhaps accelerated by Icelus' advice, Icelus was
Caesar in B. c. 57, placing their state at Caesar's dis- executed by Otho's command as a libertinus, with-
posal, and praying his aid against the other Belgic out regard to his new equestrian dignity. (Tac.
communities then in arms against Rome. Iccius Hist. i. 13, 33, 37, 46, ii. 95; Suet. Ner. 49, Gulb.
defended Bibrax (Bièvre) against the other tribes 14, 22. )
[W. B. D. )
of the Belgae immediately after his return from ICHNAEA ('Ixvaia), that is, the tracing god-
Caesar's quarters. (Caes. B. G. i. 3, 6. )
dess, occurs as a surname of Themis, though in ber
2. M. , was appointed praetor of Sicily by M. case it may have been derived from the town of
Antony just before the departure of the latter for Ichnae, where she was worshipped (Hom. Hymn.
Cisalpine Gaul, in November, B. C. 44. (Cic. Phil. in Apoll
. Del. 94 ; Lycoph. 129; Strab. ix. p. 435 ;
iii. 10. )
Steph. Byz. s. v. Ixvai), and a surname of Nemesis.
3. A friend of Horace, who addressed to him an (Brunck, Anal. ii. pp. 1. 86. )
(L. S. ]
ode (Carm. i. 29), and an epistle (Ep. i. 12). The I'CHTHYAS('ixovas), the son of Metallus, and
ode was written in B. C. 25, when Iccius was pre- a disciple of Euclid of Megara, is spoken of as a
paring to join Aelius Gallus (GALLUS, A ELius) | distinguished man, to whom Diogenes the eynic
in his expedition to Arabia, and in it Horace dis- inscribed a dialogue. (Diog. Laërt. ii. 112 ; Athen.
suades lccius from quitting security and philo viii. p. 333, a. )
sophy for doubtful gains and certain hardships. 1CHTHYOCENTAURUS (Ιχθυοκένταυρος),
The epistle was composed about ten years after that is, a fish-centaur, or a particular kind of Tri-
wards, when Iccius had become Vipsanius Agrippa's ton. Ichthyocentauri were fabulous beings, the
steward in Sicily, and had resumed his philoso- upper part of whose body was conceived to have a
phical studies, without, however, acquiring the art of human form, and the lower that of a fish, while the
content. In both poems Horace reprehends point- place of the hands was occupied by a horse's feet.
edly, but delicately, in Iccius an inordinate desire They differed from the ordinary Tritons by the fact
for wealth. The immediate occasion of the epistle that the latter were simply half men and half fish,
was to introduce Pompeius Grosphus (GROSPHUS) and had not the feet of horses. (Tzetz ud Lycoph.
to Iccius. Iccius has been defended from the im- 34, 886, 892. )
(L. S. )
putation of avarice by Jacobs (Rhein. Mus. ii. 1, ICI'LIA GENS, plebeian, distinguished in the
Verm. Schr. v. p. 1-30).
(W. B. D. ] early history of the republic for its resistance to the
ICCUS (Ikkos). 1. Of Tarentum, a distin- patricians, and its support of the liberties of the
guished athlete and teacher of gymnastics. Pau- plebeians. Many members of the gens bore the
sanias (vi. 10. § 2) calls him the best gymnast of surname of Ruga, but as they are more frequently
his age, that is, of the period about Ol. 77, or B. C. mentioned without than with this cognomen, they
470; and Plato also mentions him with great are all given under Icilius.
praise (de Leg. viii. p. 840, Protag. p. 316, with ICI'LIUS. 1. Sp. ICILIUS, was one of the
the Schol ; comp. Lucian, Quomodo Hist. sit con- three envoys sent by the plebeians, after their
scrib.
