No More Learning

The Danaus were represented
became king North Spain, and was renowned war went Scythia, the country his ancestors, and became
been conquered and mechanics
highly skilled the arts, and after they had
terity were called Clanna Mileadh,
cised Milesians. After the death
terity and the Clanna Breogain sent
land, under the command Ith, who was son Breogain, and
the Milesians, they becamethe chief artificers the country, architects, workers metals,
and some are opinion that was the same Gobhan, the seventh century. full history the Danans the Books Leacan and Ballymote, and also the Book
sions by the O'Clerys.
saint given
Inva
The Milesians. —An account this ancient colony has been partly given 123, the note South Connaught, and various other annotations the course these Annals, which
has been shewn from ancient authorities, that the Milesians are represented colony originally from Scythia, near the Euxine sea, the borders Europe and Asia, the country now called
the Crimea. Their great ancestor was Feniusa Farsa, king Scy thia, and his son Niull having gone Egypt, and attained great rank there, married the princess Scota, daughter Pharaoh, king
this Breogain were named Clanna Breogain, who are Latin writers Brigantes. grandson Breogain, named
the chief military commander there under the king Scythia; from thence went Egypt and was appointed commander of
the Egyptians their wars with the Ethiopians, and marriage the daughter one the Pharaohs, king
obtained Egypt,
and after some time having returned Spain, he ruled
the chief kings that country. From his great valour Gollamh was named Mileadh Espaine, signifying the hero Spain, the word Mileadh means soldier, warrior, knight, like the Latin word Miles, and this name has beenlatinised Milesius; and his pos
term which has been angli Milesius Spain his pos force explore Eire Ire
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Israel, the son Abraham, and Jews,
son Ceallteach and the term
- gantia, Row Corunna in Spain, and arrived in Ireland. The Mile
sians were commanded by eight of the sons of Milesius, and many
chiefs of the Clanna Breogain, but being overtaken by a great
storm off the southern coast of Ireland, many ships were wrecked
and several of their chiefs drowned, amongst whom were Colpa the swordsman, Donn, and some other sons Milesius, but
the cotemporary history other nations antiquity; and though the records remote events our history may exaggerated,
the first colonies that came Ireland, will necessary give some account of the ancient inhabitants of the nations from which those colonies were derived.
The Shemites Semitic race. —After the Deluge, Shem Sem, one the sons Noah, and his posterity, according Josephus, and other ancient historians, peopled the greater part Asia, and
Japhet were the Celts and Scythians. Josephus and other ancient historians, Gomer, one the sons Japhet, and hence called Gomerites and Gomerians; they were the aborigines first inhabitants Europe after the deluge, and they were called the Greeks Keltai, and the Romans Celtae. the
REIGN OF HENRY VIII.
chiefs of Tirconnell, defended and protected the A. D. 1512.
country as well as they could; and O’Neill, with Hugh O'Mulmocheirge (O’Mulmoghery, angli
his forces, departed eastward from the mountain, cised Early), abbot of Dromlane (in Cavan), was
and returned to his home without prey or battle.
uncle of Milesius, and a valiant warrior, but Ith and his forces having arrived in Ireland, were attacked by the Tuath De Danan, and Ith himself was mortally wounded, and most of his men slain. The sons of Milesius and the Clanna Breogain shortly after fitted out a fleet of thirty ships, and with a powerful force set sail from Tur Breogain or the Tower of Breogain, at the place called Bri
drowned.
Abraham, the Egyptian bond-woman Hagar, the race Ham. The Hamites. —The posterity Ham Cham, son Noah, peopled the greater part Africa and part Asia; and Ham himself, shewn the learned bishop Cumberland, his Origin
Ancient Nations, was after his death deified and worshipped god the Egyptians, Ethiopians, and Lybians, under the name
Jupiter Hammon Ammon, and the famous temple and oracle Jupiter Hammon dedicated him Lybia. Mizraim, son Ham, peopled Egypt, hence called Moses, “the land Mizraim;” and from the ancient inhabitants, called Copts Gypts, came the name Egyptians. From Canaan, son Ham, were descended the Canaanites the land Canaan Palestine, and also the Philistines, the Anakim, the Amorites, and Amalekites, who are called the Scriptures the giant race Ham, being famous war riors, and men great strength and stature. From Sidon, son Canaan, came the Sidonians; and the Tyrians and Carthaginians were mixed colonies of the Phenicians and Sidonians. From
last they effected landing place called Invear Sceine, now
the bay Kenmare Kerry, which got name from Sceine, the
wife Amergin, who was drowned there. The Milesians were
commanded Heremon, Heber, and Amergin, sons Milesius,
together with many chiefs the Clanna Breogain, and soon after
their arrival fought great battle with the Tuath Danan, near Phut, another son Ham, were descended the Phutites
Slieve Mish mountain Kerry, where the Danans were defeated but Scota, the relict Milesius, daughter Pharaoh, king Egypt, who accompanied her sons Ireland and was present the battle, was slain, and buried valley called after her Glen Scota, and situated near Tralee. The Milesians proceeded Tea mur Tara, and Tailtean Meath, where the Danan kings then resided, and great battle fought Tailtean the Danan forces were totally vanquished, and their three kings, Mac Coill, Mac Ceacht, and Mac Greine, together with their three queens, Eire, Fodhla, and Banba, slain; and the Milesians then became masters
Ireland. The period the arrival the Milesians placed our old historians about thousand years before the Christian era, their progenitor Milesius being made cotemporary with king
Lybians and from Sabas, another son, came the Sabeans. From Cush Chus, son Ham, came the Chusites Ethiopians; and Nimrod, son Cush, the Ethiopian, founded the city
Babylon, the banks the Euphrates, and was the first king the Babylonians; called the Scriptures mighty hunter, and described by Josephus “bold man, and great strength
hand. ” Nimrod became an idolater, and erected the famous
Solomon over the Israelites. The vast antiquity assigned
Ionians from Thiras, son Japhet, came the Thracians; and from Thogarma, son Gomer, son Japhet, the Phrygians and Armenians; from Thubal, son Japhet, and his son Iber, came the Iberes Iberians, afterwards called Spaniards. The Italians
our old annalists for the various the early ages, has been doubted, disputed, and denied, many modern writers; but the accounts
colonies that peopled Ireland
our ancient historians are not improbable inconsistent with were mixture Celts, Scythians, and Greeks; the two other
distorted, and mixed with fable, are the early annals and tra
ditions all other nations partly fabulous, compound facts
and fable; and may observed that most the modern writers
who doubt deny the truth our annals, and represent them
fictions and legends, are mostly menwho know little nothing
the Irish language, annals, antiquities, the cotemporary
history other ancient nations. With respect the origin Geilt, considers derived from Coill Caill, wood, hence
the Semitic race were the following nations: From Assur
Ashur, son Shem, came the Assyrians, and Ninus, grandson
Ashur, founded the city Nineveh, the banks the Tigris,
and his descendants possessed Asia, from the Euphrates the
Indian ocean. From Arphaxad, son Shem, came the Arphax Iberia Spain, Britain and Ireland; the western part the adites, called afterwards Chaldeans and from Aram, son European continent, comprising parts Gaul, Germany, Spain,
Shem, descended the Aramites Arameans, afterwards and Italy, was denominated by ancient geographers Celtica, the called Syrians, and from the Syrians came the Phenicians land the Celts, name afterwards applied Gaul, the chief
and from Elam, another son Shem, came the Elamites, called
country the Celts.
The Gauls, inhabitants the countries now called France
and Belgium, were the chief nation the Celts, and possessed those territories two thousand years before the Christian era. They were called the Gaulish and Irish languages, Gall and
the Iranians Persians. From Heber, descendant Ar
phaxad, were descendedthe Hebrews, but Abraham, descendant
of Heber, considered their chief ancestor, and they were called
Israelites, from Jacob
from Judah, one the sons Jacob. The Arabians Arabs, Gaill, and Gaillteach, all apparently derived from the word called Ishmaelites, were descended from Ishmael, Geallteach, signifying Celts, Gael,
temple and
Belus, Bel, Baal, dedicated the sun Babylon,
and his people built the tower Japetians. —Japhet, one
Babel.
the sons Noah, and
The
his posterity, peopled Europe and part
Asia; from Madai, son Japhet, came the Madeans, whom the Greeks called Medes; and from Javan, son Japhet, were descended the Greeks and
chief people the race The Celts, according
were the descendants
Celtic and Hiberno-Celtic Irish language, the name was Céal tach, which O'Brien, his Dictionary, the words Cealtach and
Coillteach Cealtach may signify Celt inhabitant woods; and the term supposed have originated from the Celts the early ages having chiefly inhabited the forests, from their having always practised
woods and groves the religious rites Druid others, the name was derived from Coill, house—as their chief habitations were the
ism or, according
wood, and teach,
woods, constructed wood. The Celts, the aborigines Europe, first inhabited those parts the borders Europe and Asia, about the Euxine sea, and thence spread over Western Europe, and the countries afterwards called Germany, Gaul, Italy,
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364 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1512.
Pierce Mac Graidin, dean of Clan Hugh (in the (parts of Down and Antrim), a man of general hos county of Longford, and diocese of Ardagh), died. pitality, a promoter of religious orders and
Niall, the son of Con, son of Hugh Buighe, son of Bryan Ballach O’Neill, lord of Trian Congail
applied to the Irish, and their descendants the Scots, appears to be derived from the same source. The name Gall annongst the Irish also signified a foreigner, and was applied by them to all foreign people, as Gauls, Danes, and English, while they called themselves
Gael. The Gauls were called by the Greeks Galatai, and also Keltai, and their country Galatia and Celto-Galatia; and by
the Romans Gaul was called Gallia, and the people Galli, anglicised Gauls. In very remote times, from twelve to fifteen centuries before the Christian era, the Gauls crossed the Pyrenees and planted a colony in Iberia or Spain, which, becoming mixed with the old inhabitants named Iberes, were called by the Romans Celto-Iberi, and their country, situated in the north of Spain, was named Celtiberia. The Gauls likewise, many centuries before the Christian era, crossed the Alps, and settled colonies in Northern Italy, in that part called by the Romans Gallia Cisalpina or Cisalpine Gaul, to distinguish it from Gallia Transalpina or Transalpine Gaul, in France. In those early times the Gauls also planted colonies called Boii or Boiarii and Pannonii, in ancient Bavaria, Bohemia, and Pannonia, in Germany. About four cen turies before the Christian era, the Gauls, under Brenn or Brennus, marched into Italy, defeated the Roman forces, and took the city of Rome. The Gauls joined the Carthaginians against the Romans in the Punic wars, and forty thousand of them fought under Hannibal in Italy; and in the year 216 before the Christian era, Hannibal, with his Gaulish infantry and Numidian cavalry, gained the great battle of Cannae, in which fifty thousand of the Romans were slain. A short time before the Christian era, the Roman armies under Caesar invaded Gaul, and the various confederated nations of the Gauls, under the command of Vercingetorix, mustered about two hundred and fifty thousand men; they had great troops of cavalry and war chariots, and they fought with great bravery and im petuosity, commencing the battle with fierce shouts and war cries, and fought naked down to the middle, throwing off their short tunics called sagums, when determined to conquer or die; they used long brazen swords, spears, and shields, bows, arrows, and slings, and cast innumerable darts and stones; the Gauls also had powerful fleets, and their ships, according to Caesar, were chiefly constructed of oak, but though fighting with great valour, they were generally defeated by the superior discipline of the
churches, a provident and fortunate man, who paid neither rents nor tribute to the Clan Neill or
Skuthai, Skuthike, and Scythes, and by the Romans Scythae, and Scythi, anglicised Scyths, and Scythians. O'Brien, and other
etymologists, are of opinion that the name is derived from the Cel tic or Celto-Scythian word, Sciot, which signifies a dart or arrow,
and has also the same signification in the Irish language; and this derivation is considered probable, as the Scythian nations were all famous archers, particularly the Parthians; and O'Brien, in the
learned preface to his Dictionary, is also of opinion that the Irish names Scuit, and Clanna Scuit, meaning Scythians, as applied to
the Milesian Irish, had its origin from the same source, as they are stated to have been of Scythian or Celto-Scythian descent: the name Scuit has been latinised Scoti, and anglicised Scots. The Scythians make a conspicuous figure in the ancient history of Asia, as the Celts did in that of Europe; and Spenser, in his View of Ireland, says, “the Gauls and Scythians were two as mighty na tions as ever the world brought forth. ” The Scythians were amongst the most warlike and valiant people of antiquity, and fought chiefly in war-chariots, and were famous archers; they led a pastoral life, their chief riches being their herds of cattle and horses, and they lived chiefly on milk, and the flesh and blood of their cattle; they worshipped the sun, moon, and winds, and their
chief deity was their god of war, called Odin, or Woden, by their descendants, the Goths, Germans and Scandinavians; and they
sacrificed to their god of war a vast number of horses and other animals. Abaris and Anacharsis, celebrated Scythian philoso phers, who travelled in Greece, many centuries before the Chris tian era, are mentioned by various writers. Justin gives an account of the Scythians, and shews that they were one of the most ancient nations of the world. They were originally settled in Asia, beyond the Caspian sea, and more than two thousand years before the birth of Christ they extended their conquests over Iran or Persia, and as far as the river Indus; and hence they were called Indo-Scythae. According to Pinkerton, they were expelled from Persia, by Ninus, king of Assyria, more than two thousand years before the Christian era; and he established the Assyrian empire on the ruins of the Scythian; and even earlier than that period, the Scythians are stated to have waged war with Vexor, one of the most ancient kings of Egypt. Great numbers of the Scythians, who were expelled from Asia, settled on the borders of
Roman legions; and in their wars with Caesar, for a period of Europe and Asia, about the Euxine and Caspian seas, at least
seven years, about one million of the Gauls were slain, and Gaul was reduced to a Roman province.
The Galatians. —About three centuries before the Christian era, the Gauls, under their generals Brenn and Bolgos, with prodigi
fifteen centuries before the birth of Christ. The Scythians were
divided into two great mations, namely, those of Europe and of
Asia; and the Scythians of Europe, who settled about the Euxine
sea, conquered the Celtic people of that country, and afterwards extended to Germany and other parts of Europe. The Amazons,
ous forces, invaded Macedon and Greece, and passing on into Asia
founded the kingdom of Galatia, or Gallo-Grecia, in Asia a famous nation of female warriors, whose chief city was Themis Minor. The Galatians became a celebrated nation, and were fa cyra, on the banks of the river Thermodon, in Asia Minor, near
mous warriors, and fought as mercenaries in vast numbers, under the kings of Syria and other countries of Asia; and their troops were the most valiant in the east. In the second Book of Macca
bees they are mentioned to have advanced as far as Babylon, but were defeated by the Jews, and one hundred and twenty thousand of them slain. The Galatians make a remarkable figure in the wars of the Romans, in the east, with Antiochus, Ptolomey, and Attalus; and Deiotarus, the celebrated king of Galatia, assisted the Romans in their wars with Mithridates and the Parthians. Cleopa tra, queenof Egypt, had a body-guard of Galatians, and Augustus Caesaralso presenteda body-guard of Gauls to Herod, king of Judea.
the Euxine sea, were Scythians, and celebrated in ancient history. These heroines fought on horseback, armed with helmets, battle
axes, bows and arrows, and engaged in war with the most valiant men, and defeated many champions in single combat. Marpesia, Menalippe, Orythia, and Hippolyta, queens of the Amazons, invaded Greece, and were famous in their battles with Hercules and Theseus; Penthesilea, queen of the Amazons, fought in the Trojan war against the Greeks, but was slain in single combat by Achilles; and Thalestris, queen of the Amazons, is mentioned as having visited Alexander the Great, in Asia. In the seventh century, before the birth of Christ, the Scythians from the borders of the Euxine and Caspian seas, overran a great part of Asia, and conquered part of Judea, in the reign of Josias; made settlements in Palestine, and founded a city there,
The Gauls and Belgians also sent colonies in the early ages to
Britain and Ireland, as hereafter explained. Amongst the Celts are
to be mentioned the Umbrians, the Etrurians, or Etruscans, the Sam
nites, Sabines, and some others of the ancient inhabitants of Italy. called by the Greeks Scythopolis, and by the Jews Bethsan.
The Thracians and Pelasgians, the most ancient inhabitants of Greece and the Phrygians, are also considered to have been Celts.
The Scythians. —According to Josephus, and other ancient wri
ters, the Scythians were descended from Magog, one of the sons of Japhet, hence called Magogites. They were called by the Greeks
The remarkable prophecies of Ezekiel (chaps. xxxviii. , xxxix), concerning Gog, Magog, and the sons of Gomer, Tubal, and Thogarma, are considered to have reference to these invasions, as
the descendants of Gog or Magog were the Scythians, and the descendants of Gomer, Tubal, and Thogarma, were the Celts, the
. 4.
. .
great body Scythian cavalry, with their war chariots, the
battle Arbela, where was defeated by Alexander the Great. The Parthians and Bactrians, two powerful nations bordering
Persia, were Scythians; the Parthians were celebrated their wars with the Romans, and particularly famous archers; the
year 53, before the Christian era, the Roman legions, under Crassus, crossed the Euphrates, but were totally vanquished, and Crassus
himself slain the Parthians, commanded Surena. the cen tury before the Christian era, the renowned Mithridates, king Pontus, ruled over the Scythian nations about the Euxine sea;
was man great valour, and strength body, very learned, and, according Pliny, spoke twenty-two languages; for more than twenty years waged continual war with the Romans, and was one the most formidable enemies they ever encountered
and one day said have massacred one hundred and fifty thousand of the Romans Asia Minor. In his battles with the celebrated Roman general Sylla, according Plutarch, Mithri dates covered the plains Greece with hosts Scythian cavalry, and their war-chariots, armed with scythes; their archers, sling ers, casters darts, spearmenand champions, armed with swords,
cording Appian Varro, and Diodorus Siculus, came originally from Iberia Asia, country situated between the Euxine and Caspian seas, near the mountains Caucasus, and modern times forming parts Georgia and Circassia. The Phenicians early ages settled Iberia, and gave according the learned Vil laneuva, the name Spania, from Span, which signified their language, rabbit, the country abounded rabbits; the Romans was called Hispania, and the Spaniards Espana, anglicised Spain. About twelve centuries more befor the Chris tian era, colony
across the Danube. the fourth century before the Christian era, Philip Macedon made war the Scythians dwelling near the Euxine sea and the Danube, the country afterwards called the Crimea. Philip, with powerful army, crossed the Danube, defeated the Scythians, under their king Atheas, with great slaughter, took vast spoils arms, chariots, and cattle, with twenty thousand captives, and twenty thousand the best mares
Scythia. Zopyrion, one the generals Alexander the Great, with army thirty thousand men, crossed the Danube
tants
ture
people
ages, were likewise Celto-Scythians, and were the Iberians, Celtiberians, and Cantabrians Spain, and the Brigantes Spain, Ireland, and Britain; and the Milesian Irish, the Britons, the Picts, and Caledonians, appear have beenall mixture Celts and Scythians.
REIGN OF HENRY VIII. 365
Clan Daly (the O'Neills and O’Donnells), or to the arts, history, poetry and music, died the the king of England’s viceroy, a man of long life eleventh April.
and prosperity, a man skilled and learned in
Iberians Asia, and the Armenians; but, according other inter pretations, the prophecies Ezekiel refer the conquest Egypt and Judea Cambyses, king Persia, the sixth century before Christ, Cambyses ruled over great part Scythia, and had Scythians great numbers his armies. Ezekiel are mentioned mighty hosts these invaders, together with Persians, Ethiopians, &c. ; their horses and horsemenclothed
coats mail, and armed with helmets, shields, swords, spears,
Christ,
the banks bridge
Art, the son Con, son Niall Garv O’Don
and many others, were all powerful people Scythian origin, who first possessedvarious parts western Asia, chiefly the countries
about the Caspian sea, and onwards Persia, but afterwards ex tended the Euxine, and adjoining parts Europe, and finally
founded most the modern European nations. The various peo ple above mentioned were celebrated their wars with the Romans for many centuries, particularly the Goths and Vandals, the Franks, and Longobards, who overthrew the Roman empire, and conquered the greater part Germany, France, Spain, and Italy, from the third the seventh century; and kings those races, the Goths, Germans, and Franks, rule over those countries
the present time. The Huns Asia, who, under the warlike Attila, the fifth century, overran the Roman empire, are stated by some writers have been Scythians, but that opinion erro
bows and arrows and prodigious were the numbers
that the materials the various weapons, handles
bows and arrows, &c. , served the Israelites burn
for seven years. the year 529, before the birth
Cyrus the Great, king Persia, made war the nation Scythians, called Massagetae, who dwelt near the Caspian sea, and having crossed the river Araxes, with an immense army, gave the Scythians defeat stratagem; and slew Sargapises, son Tonyris, their queen; but the heroic Tomyris, having collected her forces, gave the Persians total overthrow the passes the mountains, which two hundred thousand them were slain, together with Cyrus himself, whose head she had cut off, and thrown into vessel filled with human blood, saying, “Glut thyself with blood, for which thou hast always thirsted. ” the year 513 before Christ, Darius Hystaspis, king Persia, made war the Scythians, and with army sevenhundred thousand
slain, spears, fire-wood
attack the Scythians, but was slain, with his forces.
stated by Plutarch, that Darius, king Persia, had his army Iberia, the Greeks and Romans. The Iberians Spain, ac
Roman poet the first century, states that the Massagette and bucklers, iron breast-plates, and brazen helmets. The Massagetae, Sarmatae, who were Scythians, settled Spain. The Cantabri,
the Getae, the Sacae, ancestors the Saxons; the Sarmatae, pro genitors the Sarmatians; the Basternae,the Goths, the Vandals, the Daci, Dacians, the Scandinavians, the Germans, the Franks, who conquered France; the Suevi, Alans, Alemani, the Longobards, who conquerednorthern Italy, and gave the name Lombardy,
people the north Spain, and some its earliest inhabitants, were colony the Massagette, who were Scythians Asia, near
the Caspian sea; and these Cantabrians, modern times called Biscayans, were very warlike race, and long resisted the Roman arms; they are often mentioned the Odes Horace “the
neous, for the Huns were
the Scythians and Celts were The Celto-Scythians. —The
the Mongol, Tartar race, while the great Caucasian race.
Romans designated those countries about the Euxine sea, including parts Europe and Asia, Celto Scythia, those territories being inhabited by the Celto-Scythae,
men crossed the Thracian Bosphorus, and marched the Ister Danube, which his forces crossed boats; and the same time, his fleet, consisting
that mixture Celts and Scythians, and they are mentioned by Plutarch his life Marius. The Thracians and the Pelas gians, people Thrace, who were the most ancient inhabitants Greece, were Celto-Scythians; also the Iberians who dwelt
Iberia, between the Euxine and Caspian seas, were mixture Celts and Scythians, and from them were descendedthe Georgians and Circassians, and the Caucasian clans, who have been always famous for the valour their men, and beauty their women;
and played
six hundred sail, entered the Euxine, but the Scythians, under their king Jancyrus, defeated Darius, and eighty thousand the Persians were slain, and the remainder were forced make rapid retreat
modern times their bravery has been conspicuously dis their resistance the Russians. The ancient inhabi Italy were, already explained, chiefly Celts, mix
Celts and Scythians. The Cimbrians and Belgians, ancient Germany and Gaul, who sent colonies Britain early
The Celtiberians. —Spain was first peopled after the Deluge by the posterity Iber, son Tubal, son Japhet; from Iber Iberus, the people were called Iberes and Iberi, and the country
-
*
the Gauls crossed the Pyrenees, and settled Spain, and becoming intermixed with the Roman writers Celto-Iberi, mixture
the northern parts
Iberians, were called
of Celts Gauls and Iberians. The Celtiberians were the most
valiant people Spain, and for centuries maintained the indepen dence their country against the Carthaginians and Romans.
The Cantabrians. —The Scythians very remote times, accor ding Strabo, and other ancient geographers, also sent colonies
Spain, and appears that the Iberians first inhabitants Spain, above-mentioned, were Celto-Scythians. Silius Italicus,
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366 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1512.
nell, died in December, of a sickness, the house the friars, Donegal, and was honourably interred the monastery.
warlike Cantabrian”—“untaught bear the Roman yoke”— and subdued after long contests”—“bellicosus Cantaber”—
“Cantabrum indoctum juga ferre nostra” and “Cantaber sera domitus catena. ” The Bascones Vascones Roman writers, people bordering the Cantabrians, and now called Basques,
were some the Iberians first inhabitants Spain, and from them were descended the Wascons or Gascons of France. In the article Basque the Penny Cyclopedia, stated, that accord ing the Basque historians, these Bascons Biscayans sent colonies Ireland very remote ages, and considered by Dr. O'Conor and others, that the Clanna Baoisgne, famous Fenian warriors commanded by the hero Fionn Mac Cumhaill, the third century, and much celebrated by the Irish bards, were some the Bascons Spain. The Concani, tribe the Cantabrians Spain, are considered Dr. O'Conor, Camden, and others, have sent colony Ireland, and have been the
Tuathal O'Clery, the O'Clery, the son Teige Cam, man learned history and poetry,
people mentioned Gangani, and placed
Clare and Galway.
Map inhabiting the territories which now form those parts Kerry and Limerick bordering the Shannon, and are considered
various geographers have been colony the Luceni,
ancient people northern Spain, bordering the Cantabrians.
Besides the colonies Basconians, Concanians, and Lucenians,
who came Ireland from Spain remote times, considered
that there were many other Spanish settlers the south and west Ireland, the Spaniards traded extensively Ireland, and
the Irish Spain early times, and this mutual intercourse was more particularly carried between the Spaniards and the people Kerry, Limerick, Clare, and Galway; hence there great
Ptolemy's Map Ireland Concani
the territories now forming the counties
house general hospitality for
On Ptolemy's Map
Brigantes are placed
which now form the counties Kilkenny, Carlow, Wexford, Waterford, and Tipperary, and the city Waterford was,
said, ancient times their capital, and called Brigantia. Cam den and Richard Cirencester consider the Irish Brigantes have beensome the Brigantes Britain who fled for refuge Ireland the first century, the conquest Britain by the Romans, but though some the British Brigantes may have come
Ireland that period, their arrival Ireland was thousand years before that time, according our ancient annalists, who also
state that the Brigantes Britain were some the Clanna Breo gain who had been expelled from Ireland the Milesians, many centuries before the Christian era. As the origin the Bri gantes Britain, they are considered Dr. O'Conor, and by the learned Spaniard Florian del Campo, quoted the Ogygia Vin dicata, have been originally some the Brigantes Spain, who first came Ireland very remote times, and some whom emigrated from thence Britain; and Dr. O'Conor (Rerum Hib. Scrip. I. ), states that the Brigantes Britain are mentioned by Seneca and other Roman writers, under the name Scoto-Bri gantes, being considered Scotic Irish origin, and they were also designated by, the epithet Ceruleos, from their bodies being painted bluecolour. The Brigantes Britainformed powerful people the northern parts England, and possessedthe terri tories now forming the counties Lancaster, York, Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Durham, and were celebrated for their valour and long resistance the Roman legions. The Brigantes Spain, Ireland, and Britain, were Celts Celto-Scythians, and spoke dialect the Celtic language.
and who kept
ancient Ireland the second century, the the territories Leinster and Munster,
The Luceni are also mentioned Ptolemy's
mixture the Spanish race the inhabitants west Munster The Cimbrians and Britons. —The Cimmerii of the Roman
and south Connaught.
The Brigantes. —The learned Baxter, his Glossary British
Antiquities, and many others, are opinion, that the Brigantes
were the same the Briges Phryges Strabo, and other an cient geographers, and originally possessed the country called
Phrygia Asia Minor, near the Euxine sea. These Phrygians, more than thousand years before the Christian era, like the Iberians Asia, neighbouring nation, sent colony through
Thrace Spain, which settled near the Celtiberians, and their chief city was called by Ptolemy, and other Greek geographers, Brugantia and Phlaouin Brigantion, and by the Romans Flavia Brigantium, and Orosius and Ortelius, Brigantia and Bri gantium, which now the city Corunna Galicia, the north Spain. The Brigantes Spain are supposed others have been Phenicians, but they might have becomemixed with the
Phenicians, and there was celebrated Pharos Watch-tower built, said, the Phenicians Brigantia, according Orosius, this tower was erected by the Tyrian Hercules; was called by the Irish writers Tur-Breogain, the Tower Breo gain, and said have been built the famous warrior named Breogain, who was king north Spain, one the ancestors the Milesians and from this tower the Milesians set sail for Erin. The descendants this Breogain were called by the Irish writers
Clanna Breogain, term latinised Brigantes, therefore there remarkable coincidence between the Irish writers and ancient geo graphers, the origin the Brigantes, the Irish making them
colony from Scythia, near the Euxine sea, who settled Spain very remote times, and various geographers considering them
have been Phrygians, who were Celto-Scythians from Asia Minor,
also near the Euxine sea. TheClanna Breogain came Ireland with the Milesians, whom they were branch, and were powerful
and numerous tribes; they make remarkable figure Irish his tory, and are often mentioned by various writers under the name
Ithians, the posterity Ith, son Breogain, and Lugadians
writers, called by the Greeks Kimmeroi, were an ancient people who inhabited the territories near the Euxine sea, on the borders Europe and Asia, about the Cimmerian Bosphorus, called the Palus Meotis, now the sea Asof. These Cimmerians, accor ding Pinkerton, Michelet and others, were Celts, and having
been expelled from their country by the Scythians Asia, more than thousand years before the Christian era, settled northern Germany, and the country called the Chersonesus Cimbrica, now Jutland Denmark. The term Cimbri, according Plutarch, signified robbers, or, according Mallett, the word Cimbrimeans warriors giants, and Cimber the Gothic and German language signified robber. According some writers, the Cimbri were Gothic Teutonic race, but Pinkerton and others consider they were originally Celts, and descended from the Cimmerians above mentioned, but becoming mixed with the Teutonic tribes Germany, were afterwards mixed race Celts and Germans, Celto Scythians, and their language was compound the Celtic and Teutonic. The Cimbri Cymri, are mentioned by Tacitus, and other Roman writers, very valiant people, great strength and stature, and were celebrated their wars with the Romans. About century before the Christian era, the Cimbri, conjunc tion with the Teutones northern Germany, and the Ambrones Gaul, who were all very warlike nations, invaded the Roman provinces Gaul and Italy with immense forces, and defeated the Romans some great battles, but were length vanquished by the Roman legions under Marius, with such prodigious slaughter, that the country about Aix Provence, was fattened with their blood, and the inhabitants, according Michelet, used for many years fences props for their vines, but those made the bones the slain. very remote ages, probably more than thousand years before the Christian era, according the Welsh Triads, the Celtic Researches Davies, and other ancient records, the Cymry, who were said have been the first inhabi tants Britain, are stated have come from the east, near
descendants Lughaidh, the son Ith they were chiefly Defrobani, now Constantinople, under chief called Hu Gadaran, located Munster and Leinster, and accounts them have been and other colonies the Cymry are stated have come from already given the notes Thomond, Desmond, and Leinster. Gaul under chief named Prydain, who was the son Aed
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the Phenicians might have colonized Ireland at an early period, and introduced their laws, customs, and knowledge, with a com
REIGN OF HENRY VIII.
—
rich and poor, died after extreme unction and returned from Rome, after having performed his repentance, on the twelfth of November. pilgrimage. He remained sixteen weeks in Lon O'Donnell, i. e. Hugh, the son of Hugh Roe, don, on his way (to Rome), and sixteen more on
The Belgians were called, in the Gaulish or Celtic language, Bolg, and Bolgach, and by the Roman writers Bolgae, Belgae,and Cambria, and the people Cambrians. The Cymri or ancient Bri Belgii. O'Brien, in his Dictionary, considers the name to be de
tons, who were settled in the north of England, were called Cum bri, and gave its name to Cumbria or Cumberland; according to
other accounts, the Welsh were descended from the Picts of north Britain, but the Picts themselves, it is probable, were
rived from the Celtic Bolg, a quiver for arrows, as they were great archers; the word Bolgach also signifies corpulent; hence others are of opinion that they might have derived their designation from being stout men of large size; they were celebrated for their
originally some of the Cimbrian race. From these accounts it bravery, fought with great valour against the Romans, and were therefore appears, that the Britons, or first inhabitants of Britain, called by Caesar fortissimi Gallorum, or the most valiant of the were descendedfrom the Cimbri of Germany and Gaul, and were, Gauls. The Belgians possessedan extensive territory, called by
o
:
as above stated, chiefly of the Celtic race, but mixed with the Germans or Teutonic race, and spoke some mixed dialects of the Celtic and Teutonic languages.
the Romans Gallia Belgica, which comprised the northern parts of Gaul or France, and the country now called Belgium; they were divided into many nations or tribes, as the Parisii, Rhemi, Bellovaci,
The Picts and Caledonians. —The Picts were called by the Atrebates, Nervii, Morini, Menapii, &c. The Belgians, according Irish writers Cruithnidh, which O'Brien considers to be the same to Appian, were a mixed race of Cimmerians and Germans; and
others consider they were a mixture of Gauls and Germans, and partly of the same origin as the Cimbrians, of whom an account has beenalready given. The Belgians of Gaul, being intermixed with the adjoining Germans, partly adopted their language, and hence some have considered they were a Gothic or Teutonic race, but they were chiefly Celts, and spoke a dialect of the Celtic lan guage, but mixed with the German or Teutonic tongue. The Bel gians of Gaul, many centuries before the Christian era, sent colo nies to Britain, and when Caesar invaded Britain they were a powerful people, and possessedthe southern parts of England, from Suffolk to Devonshire; the following were the chief Belgic tribes: the Cantii, in Kent; the Trinobantes, in Essex and Middlesex; the Regini, and Atrebates, in Surrey, Sussex, Hampshire, Berkshire, Wiltshire and Somerset; the Durotriges, in Dorsetshire, and the Damnonii in Devonshire and Cornwall; the capital city of the
as Britneigh, or Britons; but according to others the name was
derived from Cruthen, who founded the kingdom of the Picts in
North Britain, in the first century; others derive the name from
Cruit, a harp, hence Cruitmeach, the Irish for Pict, also signifies
a harper, as they are said to have been celebrated harpers. The
ancient Britons are mentioned by Caesar, and other Roman writers,
to have painted their bodies of a blue colour, with the juice of a
plant called woad, hence the painted Britons were called by the
Romans Picti. The Picts or Cruthneans, according to the Psalter
of Cashel, and other ancient annals, came from Thrace, in the
reign of the Milesian monarch Heremon, nearly a thousand years
before the Christian era, and landed at Inver Slainge, now the
Bay of Wexford, under two chief commanders named Gud and
Cathluan, but not being permitted to settle in Ireland, they sailed
to Albain, or that part of North Britain, now Scotland, their chiefs
having been kindly supplied with wives of Irish birth. The Cruth British Belgians was Venta Belgarum, now Winchester. Co
.
possessed Britain,
meansbecame of North and founded there the
lonies of Belgians from Gaul also cameto Ireland in the early ages, and under the head Fir-Bolg, an account of them has been given in the preceding part of these articles.
o# *i
kingdom of the Picts, which continued there for many centuries,
until they were conquered, in the ninth century, by Kinneth Mac
Alpin, king of the Dalriadic Scots, or Irish colony in North Bri
tain, and from that time the Scottish kings, of Milesian race, ruled
over Scotland, and from them were descendedthe sovereigns of the
House of Stuart. A colony of the Cruthmeans,or Picts, from North
Britain, settled in Ulster in early times, and are often mentioned
from the first to the ninth century; they resided chiefly in Dalara
dia and Tir Eogain, or parts of Down, Antrim, and Derry, and be
came mixed by intermarriages with the old Irish of the Irian race,
and were ruled over by their own princes and chiefs; and some of
those Picts also settled in Connaught, in the county of Roscommon.
According to the Irish writers the Picts, in their first progress to
Ireland from Thrace, settled a colony in Gaul, and the tribes called
Pictones and Pictavi, in that country, were descended from them,
and they gave name to Pictavia, or the city of Poictiers, and the the account of the Brigantes. As to the remote period assigned province of Poitou; and from these Picts were descendedthe Wen
j t*
deans of France. The venerable Bede states that the Picts came to Ireland from Scythia, or borders of Europe and Asia, and after
wards passed into North Britain. Pinkerton considers that the
Picts were Germans or Scandinavians, of Gothic or Scythian origin,
but it appears the Picts were chiefly Celts, or a mixture of Celts
and Scythians, and spoke a dialect of the Celtic language. The era. In Rees' Cyclopedia, in the article on Ireland, it is said, Caledonians, or first inhabitants of Scotland, are considered to
have been the same as the Picts, and mixed with cimbrians or *itons, and someof the Milesianscots from Ireland. The country
“It does not appear improbable, much less absurd, to suppose that
Origin of the Milesians. —The Milesians are represented by our old historians to have been originally a colony of Scythians who settled in Spain, and this statement coincides with the an cient history of Spain, as it has been shewn in the preceding part of this article, on the Cantabrians, that Scythian colonies, and Iberians from Asia, settled in Spain in very remote ages; there fore, it appears probable that the Milesians were a mixed colony of the Celtiberians, Cantabrians, Brigantes, and Phenicians of Spain.
The territory said to have been possessed by the Mile sians in Spain lay in the north-west of that country, bordering on Celtiberia, and in modern times forms the province of Gallicia; and Brigantia, now Corunna, is said to have been the place from whence the Milesians set sail for Ireland, as before explained in
| o f
for the arrival of the Milesians in Ireland, there is nothing impro bable in the account, when compared with the cotemporary an
o | -
cient history of other nations; and it may be added, that in sir Isaac Newton's Chronology it is stated, that a colony of Spaniards,
by the name of Scots or Scythians, settled in Ireland in the fourth age of the world, or about a thousand years before the Christian
367
Mawr, or Hugh the Great, which is the same as the Irish Aedh Mor, or Hugh the Great, and from this Prydain, the country was
called Inish Prydain, or the Island of Prydain, from which came the name of Britain, but, according to Camden, the name was
derived from Brit, which in the Celtic, and Hiberno-Celtic or Irish, signifies painted or variegated, as the ancient Britons painted
their bodies, or, according to O'Brien, the name was derived from Brit, painted, and tan, a territory, hence Britain signified the coun
try of the painted people. The ancient Britons and Welsh are therefore considered to have been descended from the Cimbri of
Gaul and Germany, and the Welsh in their own language are called Cymry; and from the same source Wales has been called
was called by the Irish Alba, or Albain, and by the Romans Cale donia. There are various opinions as to the origin of the name Cale donia; some say it was derived from Catluan, the first commander of the Picts, others consider that the inhabitants were called Coill daoine from Coill, a wood, and daoine, people, as they lived chiefly in the woods, most of the country being covered, in those early ages, with the great Caledonian forest, and from Coill-daoine the Romans made the Latin name Caledonia; others suppose Caledonia to be derived from Coill, a wood, and duna, fortresses, as the chief ha bitations and strongholds of the people were in the forests.
o to
368 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1512.
his return, and he received great honour and recovering his health returned his home, and respect from the king of England, namely, king both laity and clergy were glad and rejoiced
Henry; he arrived safe in Ireland, but was taken fever for some time Meath, and on
paratively high state civilization; and that these might have
been gradually lost amidst the disturbances the country, and last completely destroyed the irruptions the Ostmen. The
his return.
great contention arose between O’Donnell
which they latinise Dunum, Augustodunum, now Autun; Noviodunum, now Nevers; Lugdunum Celtarum, now Lyons: and Lugdunum Batavorum, now Leyden; all these places derived their names from Dun, which signified fortress the Gaulish
various colonies that peopled Ireland the early ages, the Par
tholanians, Nemedians, Firbolg, Danans, and Milesians, are all and Irish languages. Numerous other names places and people
represented our old historians having spoken the same lan
guage, different dialects the Celtic, these colonies being Celts, Celto-Scythians, already explained hence their lan
guage consisted cognate dialects, Celtic Celto-Scythic language, from which was formed the Hiberno-Celtic, Irish language after times. The colony Fomorians, who were
Phenician origin, must have spoken dialect the Phenician language. The religion all thoseancient inhabitants Ireland was also the same, namely, Druidism, which was the religious system the Gauls, Britons, and other Celtic nations.
The Gaulish language and manners. -A remarkable similarity has been pointed out language and manners between the Gauls and the ancient Irish. The similarity between the Celtic language
ancient Gaul, and the Hiberno-Celtic Irish, has been shewn by O'Brien, the preface his Irish Dictionary; and sir Wil liam Betham, his learned work the Gael and Cymbri.
few specimens Inay given Gaulish words, latinised Caesar and other Roman writers. -Ailp the Celtic, according O’Brien, signifies huge heap earth, hence came the name the Alps the Allobroges, nation Gaul, took their designation from Aill, which the Gallic, well the Irish lauguage, signified rock, and Brog habitation, they inhabited the rocky country near the Alps, hence their name the Celtic, Aillbrogaigh; Armorica, province ancient Gaul along the sea, took name from Air, on, and mur muir the sea, making the word Airmuirach; Aquitain, another province Gaul, the Celtic Agachtain, from Agach, valiant, and tan, territory, from Oiche, water, and tan, they lived along the sea coast; the Aulerci, people Gaul, took their name from All, great, and learg, plain, they inhabited the level country about Chartres; the Carnutes, people Gaul, whose capital was Chartres, were
judge the Edui Gaul, was called Caesar, Vergobretus, Thracians and Pelasgians Greece; the Britons, the Caledonians, the Celtic, Fergobreith, derived from Fer, man, go, of, and and the Irish. All these nations were chiefly Celts, but some
celebrated having the chief seats Druidism their country,
and derived their name from Carnach, which signified Druidical
priest the Gaulish and Irish languages. The chief magistrate rians Etruscans; the Samnites and Sabines Italy; the
breith, judgments, was the chief Brehon judge; and the Irish, the word Breitheamh, signifies Brehon judge; Vergasillaunus mentioned Caesar the chief military officer
them, explained under the head Celto-Scythians, were partly mixed with the Scythian race. modern times, the Irish are
the chief nation the Celts, the only Celtic people who any extent have preserved their ancient language, literature, manners, and customs. There are also some dialects the Celtic language still spoken some other parts Europe, the Erse, the Highlands and Hebrides Scotland; the Manks, the Isle
the Arverni Gaul; and the name the Celtic was Feargosaig
lain, pronounced Feargosailean, and derived both the Gallic and
Irish from Fear, man, go, with, and Saiglean, standard, hence
signifying standard bearer; Wercingetorix, the celebrated chief
who was chosen generalissimo the Gauls, was called their Mann the Welsh, Wales; the Cornish, Cornwall; and the language, Fearcingotoir, derived from Fear, man, cinn, the
head, go, with, and toir, expedition, hence signifying the head man the expedition Dumnorix, who was chief the Edui Gaul, probably derived his name from the Celtic Dunaigh, host
army, and righ, king leader; Brenn Brennus was
name borne several kings and chiefs the Gauls, and according Thierry and others, signified king leader; and the name
bears great resemblance the Irish word Brian, which signifies valiant chief, derived from Bri, strength valour, and an, very
Armoric, Bretagne, France. great part the population France, Belgium, Germany, Spain, Italy, and Great Britain, the Celtic race, though the Celtic language, the magnificent
without cement, and rude massiveness, the oldest monuments great. The Rhine, latinised Rhenus and Rhenanus, derived its Europe, many them erected more than three thousand years, still name from the Celtic Righ, king chief, and abhain, river, exist various countries; the most remarkable which, are the
pronounced Ree-auin, the king chief the rivers; the Rhone, Cyclopean walls Tiryns and Mycenae, Greece, considered Latin Rhodanus, comes from the Celtic Roid, swift rapid, have beenbuilt the Pelasgians, the first inhabitants that coun and amhain, river; the Garonne, river France, latinised try, hence called Pelasgic architecture; or, according Clarke,
Garumna, derived from the Celtic Garbh, rough rapid, and his travels, the Celto-Titans, gigantic race men
amhain, river, pronounced Garv-auin. The Roman writers Greece. The Cyclopean walls, and ruins cities and sepulchres mention many places Gaul, terminating the word Dun, Etruria Tuscany, Italy; the Nuraggi, Cylopean towers
Gaul, and various words could quoted, shewing the great affinity, almost amounting an identity, between the ancient Gaulish and Irish languages,
There was also great similarity manners and customs between the Gauls and Irish. The Gauls are represented by Caesar and other Roman writers very valiant and warlike people, fiery, impetuous, impatient control, restless, proud, prone
dissensions amongst themselves, fond splendid dresses and decorations, wearing gold chains and various ornaments, great talkers and orators, extremely hospitable, social, and courteous
strangers. remarkable instance the extraordinary hospi
tality the Galatians, nation who settled Asia Minor, given
France, who relates that one
proclamation that for the space whole year would keep
open house for all comers, and not only did entertain the crowds that came from neighbouring towns and districts, but he caused travellers seized and detained until they had been fed his table. An exactly similar public invitation recorded
the Annals the Four Masters, A. D. 1351, which William
O'Kelly, lord Hy Maine, Galway, and his son Malachy,
gave general and abundant entertainment during the Christmas holidays all the learned the colleges Ireland, bards, brehons, harpers, &c. , all travellers, and all classes both rich and poor, noble and ignoble; and numerous public entertainments the same kind given by various Irish princes and chiefs are recorded the course of these Annals.
The Celtic nations. —According the foregoing accounts, appears the following nations were Celts: the Gauls and Belgians
France, and the Gauls Northern Italy; the Galatians Gauls Asia Minor the Boii and Pamonians Germany, branches the Gauls; the Celtiberians Spain, branch the Gauls; the Cimmerians Germany; the Umbrians; the Eutru
mother tongue the European nations, has become nearly extinct all those countries, and the inhabitants being partly composed the Scythian Teutonic race, speak the Gothic Teutonic, and
various other tongues.
Celtic and Cyclopean Architecture, composed huge stones
the Gauls before mentioned, Michelet, his History
the Galatian tetrarchs issued
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Cyclopean fortresses
the coast Galway; Aileach, near Lough Swilly Donegal; and Staigue Fort, near the Bay Kenmare, Kerry; together with other Druidical and Cyclopean remains described these Annals, the notes Tirconnell, South Connaught, Desmond, Moy Liffey, and Bregia.
REIGN OF HENRY VIII. 369
and O’Neill, i. e. Art, the son of Hugh; and back through Slieve Gamh (the Ox Mountain, in another contest also arose between O’Donnell and Sligo), into Tireragh, where they remained for
Mac William Burke, i. e. Edmond, the son of
Rickard. O’Donnell engaged fifteen hundred
battle-axe men in Tirconnell, Fermanagh, and the
province of Connaught, and gave them Bonaght Claremorris), wherein O’Donnell had left his (quarters or billeting), on those places; he and
Manus then marched with their forces from Derry
into North Connaught, from thence into Galenga
(Gallen, in Mayo), and laid siege to the castle of
Beol-an-Chlair, and the town was taken by him, finding that O’Donnell was marching him, in which he left his guards; they then returned fled from before the town, that O’Donnell did
Sardinia; the remains Druidical temples and Cromleacs the country now called Poland, and parts Russia, Prussia, and Carnac and Poitiers France; the Druidical temple Stone Austria. These Sarmatians, whom accounts are given Ta
Henge Salisbury Plain, and Avebury, Wiltshire, and other parts England; and the Island Anglesea, Wales; and
remains Druidical temples and Cromleacs various parts
citus and other Roman writers, were very valiant people, and ce lebrated their wars with the Romans; their chief descendants modern times are the Poles, but the Slavonic race comprises
many nations, all whom speak dialects one great language called the Slavonic, the Poles, the Muscovites Russians, most the Prussians, the Lithuanians, the Bohemians, the Mora vians, the Illyrians, the Transylvanians, Dalmatians, Bosnians, Bulgarians, Servians, many the Hungarians and Austrians, the Croatians, Carinthians, &c. The Slavonic language quite diffe rent from the Celtic and Teutonic, and considered Indian origin, derived from the Sanscrit, with mixture Greek, and
spoken by about seventy millions people Europe and Asia,
the Russian, Prussian, Austrian, and Turkish empires. Thus
the three great races Europe are the Celts, Teutons, and Sla vons, all very different language, manners, and customs, and remarkable contrast between the Celtic and Teutonic race has been pointed out by various writers.
Scotland; and lastly temples and Cromleacs
Ireland, numerous remains Druidical almost every county; and remains Dun Aengus, the Island Aran, off
some time. When Mac William Burke received intelligence of this, he marched with the whole of his forces to the castle of Beol-an-Chlair (probably
guards. As soon as O’Donnell was informed that Mac William had laid siege to the town, he, with possible haste and expedition, returned back
through the Ox mountains again. Mac William,
The Teutonic race. --The Teutones, people Northern Ger many, Scythian Gothic origin, came the early ages from
Asia, into the countries bordering Persia and the Caspian sea. The name Teuton derived from the Gothic Teut, which signifies god the Teutons were very valiant and warlike race men gigantic stature, and, conjunction with the Cimbri and Ambrones
Germany and Gaul, were celebrated their invasion the
Roman empire, and fought many battles with the Roman legions.
Teutobochus, king the Teutons, was renowned warrior, man reasoners and matter-of-fact people, generally acting with union
gigantic stature and prodigious strength, and such activity, that could leap over six horses abreast; considered have been ten twelve feet height, for when taken prisoner and carried Rome grace the triumph his conqueror, Marius, according the Roman historian Florus, while walked beside the triumphal car Marius, his head reached above the towering trophies, the great amazement the Romans. The term Teutons has been applied various nations Scythian origin speaking cognate dialects one great language, the Gothic Teutonic, which said resemblethe Persian and Sanscrit. The nations Teutonic origin were the Goths and Vandals, who over threw the Roman empire, and conquered parts France, Spain, Italy, and Africa; the Franks and Burgundians, who conquered France; the Longobards, who conquered Northern Italy Lom bardy; the Suevi, Alemanni, and other powerful nations ancient Germany; the Saxons Germany, and Anglo-Saxons, who con quered England; and the Scandinavians, people Sweden, Nor way, and Denmark. modern times the Teutonic nations are the Germans, Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Dutch, Swiss, English British, the Anglo-Irish and Anglo-Americans; and estimated that the present day there are nearly one hundred millions people who speak the Teutonic tongues Europe, Asia, Africa, and America.
The Slavonic race. —The Slavonians, sometimes called Sclavo nians, were descended from the Slavi Sclavi the Roman writers, Scythian race, who dwelt Germany. The name derived from the word Slava, which the Slavonic tongue signi fles glory. The Sarmatians, called the Roman writers Sarma
and concert, fond wealth, great money-makers, eminent arts, manufactures, mechanics, trade and commerce, proud, domineering, distant and rough manners, not hospitable, selfish, and uncour teous strangers, sturdy, firm, resolute, cool and determined bravery, acting concert and combination with great perseverance and energy, and accomplishing great conquests, forming monar chies and empires, and having hereditary rulers.
The Celtic race, described by ancient and modern writers, are sanguine, quick temper, fiery, passionate, changeable, fond
novelty, though closely adhering old customs, careless riches, unless suddenly acquired, improvident, extremely hospita ble and courteous strangers, polite, generous, friendly, very fond
news, great talkers, laughers, and orators, full figurative lan guage, wit and satire, very partial poetry and music, fond splendid dresses and ornaments, clamorous and boastful, vain, impa tient controul, factious, and prone dissensions among them selves, greedy glory, enthusiastic, acting from sudden impulse, fierce and impetuous valour, and very prone war, their chief modes government tribes, clans, and petty kings, and their rulers elective.
On the various nations and ancient people mentioned this arti cle, and the early colonies that peopled Ireland, the following works have been chiefly consulted, Josephus, Justin, Plutarch, Tacitus, Caesar, Bochart, Rollin, Dupin's Historical Library, Thierry the Gauls, Michelet's France, Bishop Cumberland the Origin An cient Nations, Pinkerton the Scythians, Newton's and Hales's Chronologies, the works €amden, Ware, Usher, Keating, O'Fla herty, Dr. and Charles O'Conor, Vallancey's Collectanea, Sir Wil liam Betham's Etruria Celtica, and the Gael and Cymbri, Willa neuva's Ibernia Phenicea, and Chalmer's Caledonia. The ancient history Ulster will continued the next number.
and Sauromatae, race Scythians from Asia, according others, either Medes Persians, came Europe about
thousand years beforethe Christian era, and settled the terri tory called from them Sarmatia the Romans, which comprised
The Teutonic race are characterized by various writers cool, steady, slow, calculating, systematic, persevering, taciturn, great
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370 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1512.
not overtake him. Mac William then marched
into Tireragh, and he put guards and provisions
into the castle of Eiscir Abhan (castle of Iniscrone,
near the river Moy, in Sligo), having taken it from
the hereditary owners of the town (the O’Dowds),
to whom O’Donnell had given it before that time.
When O’Donnell learned that it was into Tireragh
Mac William had marched, he quickly and
actively followed him back again across the Ox mountain; Mac William, having received intelli
gence ofthis, put his son and heir, Ulick, the son of Edmond, son of Rickard, and other guards
along with him, into the castle of Iniscrone, and he himself, with possible speed, proceeded Ardnaree; party O’Donnell's horse having espied Mac William, they pursued him, and com
way, took Roscommon, which garrisoned, after which entered Moylurg (barony Boyle), and took the castle Bally-na-Huamha, after
pelled his flying forces swim across the Moy;
the pursuers followed him over the Moy, and
took many his men and horses, and himself
escaped with difficulty. O’Donnell returned with (in Antrim), plundered the Glinns, and great
prisoner; commanded the castle demolished, and
attack Gillpatrick, the son Torlogh Maguire; they proceeded
Bryan, son Conor Oge Maguire, between the
town Bunowan and Inismore; Donal himself,
the son Bryan, was taken prisoner Tamhnaidh
but retained Mac William’s son
was rased the ground, after which returned home victoriously and triumphantly. After that
Bunabhann, where they seized some
Donegal, and made him full satisfaction, and O’Donnell
the town
prey, but they were, however, defeated, and the booty taken from them; many their people were slain and drowned, including the son Manus, son
Mac William followed O’Donnell
permitted his son with him home.
O'Donnell, accompanied by the chiefs North Connaught and Fermanagh, and by many
retained followers, marched into Tyrone, the residence O’Neill, Art, the son Hugh. the first place, they spoiled and burned Tyrone
Fearan-na-Harda Muintir Luinin, his people were drowned the Carraidh
and the sons Thomas, the son Manus Mac Gau ran, made hostile incursion into Tullaghaw; they plundered Torlogh, the son Hugh Mac Gauran,
before them, far Dungannon; they were
week the country spoiling until O’Neill made
peace with them, and forgave O’Donnell the
disputes which existed between their ancestors,
viz. : the rents Kinel Moain, Inisowen, and tanist the country, and slew himself while pur the entire Fermanagh; O’Donnell, after that,
came Omagh, and the course week repaired the castle that place, which had been
former occasion demolished the earl Kildare, and O’Donnell left his own guards
Gerald, earl Kildare, lord justice Ireland,
suing them recover the prey. They proceeded from thence the Cranoge Mac Gauran, which they took, and also took Mac Gauran himself pri soner, although was sick; but they afterwards left him behind, they could not conveniently convey him with them. The son O’Reilly, i. e.
marched with his forces through Athlone into Edmond Roe, the son Hugh, son Cathal, Connaught; plundered and burned Clan Con soon after overtook those Fermanagh men, and the
having destroyed great portion
O’Donnell proceeded with foot the Curlew mountains, pay his respects the earl;
the country.
great force confer with and
returned the same
night his own camp Brec Slieve (Braulieve mountain, the borders Sligo, Roscommon,
and Leitrim), and few his men were slain on
his return through the pass Bealach Boy; after that, laid siege the castle Sligo, and spoiled
the entire the territory the tribe Bryan Luighneach O'Conor; but did not succeed
taking the castle that occasion.
Gerald, earl Kildare, lord justice Ireland,
marched with force into Trian Congail (in Down and Antrim), took the castle Belfast, demolished the castle Mac Eoin (Mac John), the Glinns
his forces, and laid siege the castle Iniscrone, which was the son Mac William, and after
four days’ great exertion, they took the castle; extended hospitality and protection the guards,
portion the country, and carried with him,
prisoner, the son Niall, son Con (O'Neill). Donal, the son Bryan, son Donal, son
Henry O’Neill, aided the tribe Flaherty Ma
guire, made Philip, son
an-Reata,
and nine (the weir)
Muintir Banan, the same day. Philip, the son Torlogh Maguire, with his sons,
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son of Manus defeated them, and slew Donogh, the any in North Connaught, was treacherously slain son of Redmond, son of Philip Maguire; Philip, by his own brother Owen, the son of Donal, near
the son of Owen, son of Donal Ballach Maguire; the town of O'Gillgain; Owen, however, was over Hugh, the son of Owen, son of Torlogh Maguire; taken by the just judgment of God, for he was
Murrogh Roe, the son of Murrogh, and James, hanged by O’Donnell in three days after that mis the son of Magrath Maguire, and many others; deed.
and he also took many horses from them on that day. Owen O’Malley, with the crews of three ships, The son of Maguire, i. e. Bryan, the son of Ed sailed into the harbour of Killibegs (in Donegal), mond, son of Thomas, died. by night, at which time the chiefs of that country Mac Gauran, i. e. Cathal, the son of Hugh, son were on an excursion with O’Donnell; they of Owen, died, and Thomas, the son of Manus plundered and burned the town, and took many
REIGN OF HENRY VIII. 371
Mac Gauran, was nominated lord.
Mac Tiarnan, i. e. William of Tullaghonoho,
died.
Failge, the son of Mulmora OReilly, was killed by the sons of John, son of Owen, son of Donal Baun, and by James, the son of Torlogh, son of
Owen, at Dromlane.
Teige, the son of Donal O’Brien, died; and
prisoners in but they were, however, overtaken storm, and being compelled remain the borders the country, they lighted fires and
torches convenient their ships. An intrepid young man the Mac Sweeneys, namely, Bryan, accompanied the sons Bryan Mac Anaspie O'Gallagher, with number farmers and pea sants, overtook and courageously attacked them;
Bryan, the son of Donal, son of Teige, son of Tor they slew Owen O’Malley, together with five six
logh, died about six weeks afterwards.
A. D. 1513.
Maurice O’Fihelly, archbishop of Tuam, a master of divinity, a man of the highest reputation for ecclesiastical knowledge in his own time, died, (see an account of him at p. 181, in these Annals).
score (100 120) his men, and took two the ships from them, and the prisoners they had made, through the miracles God, and St. Catherine, for having violated her town.
O'Donnell, the invitation the king Scot land," who sent him letters and messengers, sailed for Scotland with some attendants, and having ar rived there, received great honours and presents from the king; having remained there for three
The official Mac Congal died.
Rossa, the son of Manus Mac Mahon, lord of months with him, advised the king not come
Oriel, and Teige, the son of Malachy O'Kelly, lord of Hy Maine, died.
Mac William Burke, Edmond, the son tival of St. Bridget to Whitsuntide, but he did Rickard, son Edmond, son Thomas, man
not succeed in taking the town during that who patronised the religious orders and learned period; a gentleman of O’Donnell’s people was men, was treacherously killed by his brother's killed on that occasion, namely, Niall, the son of sons, namely, Theobald Riavach, and Edmond Heremon, of the Mac Sweeneys of Fanad. Ciochrach, the sons Walter, son Rickard.
Cathal Oge, the son of Donal, son of Owen O'Neill, Art, the son Hugh, marched O'Conor, the most distinguished lord’s son for with force into Trian Congaill, and burned Moy hospitality, feats of arms, wisdom, and prudence of linny (in Antrim), and plundered the Glinns; the
O'Donnell encamped before Sligo from the fes
A. D. 1513.
Ireland O'Donnell, who was then the most powerful the 1. The King of Scotland at that time was James IV. , and it Irish princes. King James was very valiant prince, and was
would appear from the above passage that he had some thoughts of comingto Ireland, probably on an invasion like that of Edward Bruce in the year 1315, when invited by the Irish chiefs to become king of Ireland, of which an account has been given in these
Annals, at the year 1818; and it would seem the more probable that James intended to invade Ireland, ashe was then at war with king Henry VIII. , and might be anxious to wrest Ireland from the English ; but it appears he was dissuaded from coming to
married Margaret, sister sensions with king Henry, France, against the English; he was visited by O'Donnell,
king Henry VIII. , but having dis leagued with Louis XII. , king
and 1513, the same year which invaded England with powerful
Ireland intended, and O’Donnell returned home after having encountered great perils sea.
army, and the ninth
nobility, and fifteen thousand his men, were slain.
September fought the fatal battle Flodden Field, Northumberland, which the Scots were defeated, and king James himself, with vast number his
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372 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1514.
son of Niall, son of Con Mac Quillan, overtook a
party of the forces, and slew Hugh, the son of
O’Neill, on that occasion. On the following day
the force and their pursuers met in an encounter,
in which Mac Quillan, namely, Richard, the son of expected, for was man who destroyed most,
Roderick, with a number of the Albanians (Scots), were slain, after which O’Neill returned home.
The castle of Dunliss (Dunluce, in Antrim) was
taken by O’Donnell from the sons of Gerald Mac
Quillan, and was given to the sons of Walter Mac Quillan.
Art, the son of Art O’Neill, died on the 6th of August, and was interred at Donegal. Owen Roe Mac Sweeney was killed by his own brother's sons and by Donogh, the son of Torlogh O'Boyle.
and whom most destruction was committed, any his race during the memory man.
Teige-na-Leamhna made a treacherous attack taking the castle, circumstance which seldom on Cormac Ladhrach, the son of Teige, son of occurred him; however returned home for the
the men Ireland for execution hand, pow and bravery.
Teige-na-Leamhna, the son Donal, son Teige Mac Carthy, died his bed, which was not
The earl Kildare (Gerald Fitzgerald), gained great sway with his forces, overran the province Ulster, far Carrickfergus, and Munster, far
same earl marched Lemanaghan
Leim-ui-Bhanain (the castle the barony Garrycastle, King's
the palace Mac Carthy; the
county, which belonged the O'Carrols, see D. 1516), but did not succeed either destroying
Donal Oge, after each of them had been nomina ted the Mac Carthy, and the house was set on fire in which Cormac was, and he himself and his con stable, having rushed out of the house, slew Teige's constable, and Cormac and his people happily and
fortunately made their escape; Desmond was then divided into two parts between Cormac and Teige, until the death of Teige.
purpose procuring greater force and more ordnance, but happened that was seized with sickness, which died; and Gerald the earl was knight renowned bravery, and princely rule, words, and judgments.
The earl Kildare, i. e. Gerald the younger, the son Gerald, marched with force into Brefney, where committed great destruction, and slew
Mac Mahon (of Clare), i. e. Teige, the son of O'Reilly, i. e. Hugh, the son Cathal, Philip his Torlogh, son ofTeige, son of Donogh Naglaice, brother, Philip's son, and Gerald, the son Ed died. mond, son Thomas O’Reilly; but short four
O’Mahony (in the county of Cork), i. e. Conor teen thenobles and chiefs the O’Reillys, besides Fionn, the son of Conor, son of Dermod O'Ma great number their people, were slain, and hony, died, and that Conor was a man who ex Mac Cabe, Maine, the son Mahon, was also celled his ancestors in the government of his taken prisoner there.
territory.
The castle of Colerain was taken and demolished
by O’Donnell eraic (fine) Donal O’Kane for having violated his compact.
O’Donnell committed great depredations Gailenga (in Mayo), where burned and plun dered the country far Croaghan Gallen,
A. D. 1514.
Patrick O’Duibhleachain (O’Dullaghan), abbot
of Kells, and Hugh, the son of Gillcreest O’Fay, vicar of Derrybrusk (in Fermanagh), died.
O'Neill, i. e. Art, the son of Hugh, son of and slew O’Ruadhain and many others.
Owen, son of Niall Oge, died, and there were very few tanists’ or lords’ sons of the Tyronians ever
contest arose between O’Donnell, i. e. Hugh, the son Hugh Roe, and O’Neill, i. e. Art, the son Con, and both parties having engaged great number persons, they remained encamped for long time opposed each other; but hap pened, however, through the grace the Holy
intelligence, power, wisdom, science, valour and government,
was; Art, the son Con, son - Henry, was ap pointed his successor.
before time eminent
Donogh, the son Conor O’Brien, was mali Spirit, and by the advice their chiefs, that they
ciously and unkindredly killed the sons Tor logh, son Murrogh O'Brien, namely, Murrogh and Donogh, and was one the most eminent
concluded amicable peace with each other, having met the bridge Ardstraw (in Tyrone),
and became gossips each other. New charts
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Erne, and overran the lake far Port-na Cruma, despite the people the country. Many slaughters and conflagrations were commit ted his forces the islands belonging the sons Edmond Maguire.
hospitality, died his own house (Finvarra, Clare), and was buried
tery Corcomroe.
Finagh Beara the monas
A. D. 1515.
Memma (or Menelaus) Mac Cormac, bishop
Raphoe, died.
Owen (or Eugene), the son
son Art Mac Caghwell, bishop
REIGN OF HENRY VIII. 373
(or deeds), together with the ratification of the James, the son Thomas Roe Mac Anabbaidh old charts, were given by O’Neill to O’Donnell, Maguire, and the son Redmond, son the
for Kinel Moain, Inisowen, and Fermanagh; and O'Donnell voluntarily delivered up his son to
O'Neill, i. e. Niall Oge (commonly called Niall Conallach), who had been imprisoned with him
for a considerable time, as a pledge of his loyalty. O'Donnell sailed with a fleet of long ships and boats on Lough Erne to Enniskillen, where he
took up his abode for a long time, and he preyed and burned the island of Cuil-na-noirer (an island on Lough Erne), and made peace with the people of Fermanagh, after having brought them under his authority.
parson Maguire, were killed the coarb. Maguire, the district of Cleenish.
Donal, the son Hugh Roe O’Donnell, was
killed Hugh Buighe O’Donnell, Tuaith
Bladhaigh, the 25th November.
Giolla Duv, the son Torlogh Maguire, died. Teige, the son Torlogh Maguire, died from
the effects being maimed.
Teige O'Higgin and Walter Walsh, two priests,
were drowned near Lisgoole.
Cathal, the son Fergal, son Donal Baun
O'Reilly, died.
O’Donnell, Hugh Oge, the son Hugh
-
The son of the great earl, namely, Henry, the
son of Gerald, was taken prisoner by the young Roe, sailed with fleet long ships Lough
Hugh, the son of Donal O'Neill, and Con, the
son of Niall, made an attack on John, the son of
Con, at Cluain Dabhail, burned the town of John,
and sent the prey of the country before them.
O'Neill and Mac Donnell, with a large force, over
took them, took the prey from them, and gave
them a defeat, in which five of the tribe of Art lision with the people Mac Mahon, they slew Art
O'Neill were slain, namely, Torlogh, the son of Niall, son of Art; Failge, the son of Niall; Rode rick, the son of Hugh, son of Art; Donal Ballach, the son of Art of the Castle; and Hugh, the son of Edmond, son of Art O’Neill. Of the party of Hugh were slain the two sons of Mac Aghiorr, namely, Art Oge and Bryan; also Felim Oge O’Meallan and Con O'Conor, and thirty horses were taken from Con on that occasion.
Pierce Mac Anabbadh More Maguire, and Gill
patrick, the son of Felim Mac Manus, died. O'Daly of Corcomroe Clare), i. e.