" An endorse- ment of what others have called "The free
enterprise
system.
A-Companion-to-the-Cantos-of-Ezra-Pound-II
Narrowgancett .
, .
: "And by theis presents .
.
.
Doe give .
.
.
unto the said GOY- ernor and Company .
.
.
All that parte of our Dominions in Newe England .
.
.
bounded on the East by Norrogancett.
.
.
and on the South by the Sea .
.
.
" [ibid.
].
. . . . . .
37. 23rd April: [ef. 28 above].
38. HOWARD: The charter, ends: "In wit-
56. San Domenico, Santa Sabina: [93:16, 17]. Ancient Roman churches about which Pound said earlier: "Where the spirit is clear
34. hinder
shall not in any manner hinder any of our loveing Subjects whatsoever to use and exer- cise the Trade of Fishinge. . . . And to build . . . such . . . workehouses as shall bee necessary for the Salting, drying and keep- eing of their Fish . . . " [ibid. , 117].
fishinge
: "These
presents
36. Mynes
firme lands
Stones, Quarries,. . . To have and to hold . . . as of our MannaI of East Greene- wich, in Free and Comon Soccage, and not in Capite . . . and Payinge therefore, to us, our heires and Successors, one1y the Fifth parte of all the Oare of Gold and Silver . . . to bee to us . . . paid" [ibid. , 117-118].
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
cles
later we have the thematic declaration: "SPLENDOUR, IT ALL COHERES"
[100/714].
Silver: "Together Mynes, Mynerals,
with all Precious
every such Per-
reparando: [108:94].
Stat de 31 Eliz: [Cf. 2 above; 108:95].
AngJiae amor: [108:75].
false stone . . . : [108/768].
auxy sort . . . : [108:68].
Taormina: [91:98].
Drafts and Fragments
Sources
Ernest Fenollosa, Epochs of Chinese and Japanese Art, 2 vols. , 1912; rpt. N. Y. , 1963 [EF, Epochs]; Dante, In/. V, 75; Joseph Rock, "The 2Muanj bpo Ceremony, or the Sacrzfice to HeClVen as Practiced by the Na-khi," Monumenta Serica, Vol. XIII, 1948 [Rock, "Ceremony"]; Joseph Rock, "The Romance ofK'a-2md- 19yu 2mi-gkyi, A Na-khi Tribal Love Story," Bulletin de l'Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient, XXXIX (1939), 1-152 [Rock, "Ro- mance"]; Dante, In/. XVII; Raphael Pumpelly, Across America
and Asia (1869) and My Reminiscences, 2 vols. , N. Y. , 1918.
Background
EP, SR, 214-215; CNTJ, 131-121; CON, 232; M de R, Discre-
tions, Little Brown, Boston, 1971; John Humphrey Noyes, II, A
SelIoi: [87:83]. In the Trachiniae Hera- says: "The dead beast kills the living me / and that fits another odd forecast / breathed out at the Selloi's oak- / those fellows rough it . . . " [WT, 49]. Ten lines
50. Ino . . . Kadmus. "
Kadmeia:
G, "Ina,
daughter
of
51. Erigena: [36:9; 74:90] 52. Anselm: [105:16]. 53. Herbert: [100:133].
54. Remusat:
[100: I 10].
55. KCI""(<>OTP"'YClAO'=
ankles" [110/780].
H,
"beautiful
? 714
110/777
110/777-779
715
History ofAmerican Socialism, Philadelphia, 1870 [Noyes, So- cialism] ; W. Keith Kavenagh, Foundations o f Colonial America,
at a salt spring, but the taste or longing for the water stays with it; this leads the stag to commit 1yu- 2 vu ("suicide"), as does the young girl [ibid. , 47-48] .
14. gentian sprout: The gentian is called the last bloom of summer and flowers when the shepherds are bringing their herds down from the high meadows [ibid:, 50-51].
15. coral . . . oak: When K'a's lover sees her corpse, he says, among other things: "If I gave you turquoise and coral eyes, will you again be able to see? If I attach the roots of the pine and the oak, will you be able to walk" [ibid. , 89] .
16. Yellow iris: Peck says: "As Rock notes, the pictograph for "2k'a" . . . shows spring water flowing down a valley or gulch. Earlier in the text. . . the spring pictograph is a compound of 'water' and 1ba or 'flower'- the picture of which resembles an iris" [Peck, Agenda, 56].
moon",
must have asked his grandfather" [HK, Pai, 8-1,51-52].
18. Quercus: "Oak" in Na-khi. The tree on which 2K'a hangs herself.
19. Mt Sumeru: The holy mountain where the suicide of 2K'a took place. Says Peck: "Mt. Sumeru rests at the earth's navel, and in Hindu cosmology is the heaven of Indra, terracing the cities of the gods up toward nothingness. . . . Its tree drips honey which, like Yggdrassil's, gives rise to a river" [Peck, Agenda, 55].
20. juniper: In the "Sacrifice to Heaven" rites, one prays first to Heaven, Earth, and the Juniper. Three small trees are erected on a platform where the sacrifice is made: "an oak, representing Heaven, a juniper, repre- senting lK'aw, the emperor, and another
oak . . . on the left, representing earth or 2Ndaw" [Rock, "Ceremony," 13].
21. The purifications . . . : One of the "Sacrifices to Heaven" is called 3Ch'ou 3Shu, or "Impurities Smoke Out. " By differ- ent acts, houses and the landscape are puri- fied: "the former, a high mountain, was pu- rified by the snow, the latter, a lower moun- tain, was purified by the rain" [Rock, "Cere- mony," 23]. Different people went to do different ceremonial things: "the former went to a large Juniper, and the latter to a large oak and they purified themselves. . . . The former went into a ravine . . . the latter was purified by the dew" [ibid, 23-24] . Of another ceremony we read, "The three trees . . . are then placed in position on the altar . . . the tree of Heaven on the right, the Juniper in the center and the tree represen- ting Earth on the left. . . underneath
Chelsea House,
N. Y . ,
1973 [WK, Colonial].
Exegeses
Peck, Agenda, vol. 9, nos. 2-3, 26-69; Jamila Ismail, ibid. , 70-87; CFT, Pai, 3-1, 91-123; EH, Ezra Pound Letzte Texte, Zurich, 1969 [EH, Letzte]; Schmidt, Pai, 8-1, 55; JW, Later, 167-198; MB, Trace, 461-480.
ex Glossary
I. Thy quiet house: The basilica of Torcello in the Venetian Lagoon, which has a mosaic Madonna "over the portal" [cf. 47 below; 116/795].
2. crozier's curve: The crook in the staff carried before a Roman Catholic bishop.
3. harl: [herle]: ME, "fibers and filaments. " Here prob. in a tuft, as in the crest of a bird
[51/251].
4. Verkehr: G, "commerce.
" An endorse- ment of what others have called "The free enterprise system. "
5. caracole: In riding, a horseman's ceremo- nial half-turn to the left or right.
6. panache: F, "crest," or "plume of a helmet. "
7. Toba Sojo: A Buddhist priest, 1052- 1140, originally named Kakuyu. He became chief of the Enryaku-ji-temple of the Tendai sect and later returned to Toba, after which he got the name Toba Soja. The pictures he painted were called, after him, Toba-e, and this designation later came to include the whole genre of caricature [EF, Epochs, 174- 175].
8. che . . . vent': I, "who appear so on the wind. " Adapted from Dante [In! V, 75], where he speaks to the lovers Paolo and Francesca, "who seem so light on the wind. " A lead-in to the Na-khi ceremony.
9. 2Har-2la-' llii 3k'o: The collective name for the 13 ceremonies performed by the Na-khi to expiate the spirits of suicides. When these ceremonies are not carried out, the spirits of suicides remain headless de- mons, or wind? demons, which draw hail and contagious diseases with them. When a per- son dies, it is of utmost importance that a relative see his last breath. Otherwise, a fowl must be strangled, whose last breath then stands for that of the suicide [Rock, "Cere- mony," 1-156].
which . . . 2bbue (Artemisia) been laid [ibid. , 30].
twigs . . . had
10. nine . . . seven: "A
fates, . . , a girl has seven. " The lines and most of the Na-khi lines in this canto are based on the Romance of 2K'a-2ma'j gyu- 3 mi- 2gkyi, which was used in the "Wind Sway" ceremonies [Rock, Romance, 20n. ] .
II. the black tree . . . : As 2K'a-2ma (the young girl who is going to commit suicide with her lover rather than accept a forced marriage to someone else) approached her hanging tree, "the black crown of the tree waved, [her] heart was faint, the black tree was born dumb" [ibid. , 42].
12. blue . . . turquoise: Before coming to the tree, the young girl thought of throwing herself into the lake, which is "a deep blue"-like her eyes, except they are "tur- quoise" [ibid. , 41].
13. the stag: In the romance, a stag drinks
man has
nine
17. Ideograms:
[M4534], "bright(ness)"; [M4557], "not"; [M2702], "former"; [M5054], "friend. " Pound's grandson Walter glosses the passage thus: "The brightness of the mOon . . . there are no former friends. " MdeR says that "he
22. Artemis: Or Diana. Rhyme with Artemisia.
23. Kuanon: [74:81].
. . .
[M7696] ,
24. Cozzaglio
neers who built a road called the "Garde- sana. " Says EH: "The Occidental Gardesana, one of the most famous highways in Europe, begins in Riva along the western shore of Lake Garda. Its course for great stretches is blasted out of rocks, and more than 50 bridges lead over ravines, waterfalls and cre- vices. The Arc'd rock layers consist of 70 tunnels" [EH, Letzte, 88]. The waves of the lake may recall Canaletto's scenes of Venice.
(Gardesana):
Italian engi-
25. Savoia . . . that: "that" refers to a cavalry attack the Italians made against the Russians [cf. 31 below].
26. Un caso . . . memoria: Pg, "A sad case and worthy of memory" [Camoens, Os Lui- sadas, III, 118; SR, 214-215].
27. Uncle G. : George Holden Tinkham [74:180].
28. Knox
. . .
Lodge: [89/603].
? l
? ? 716
29. Bettoni: Commander of the cavalry at- tack at Ibukerki.
30. Galliffet: [16:17].
31. (Ibukerki): "The steppes of Isbuschens-
kij in the Ukraine, where on August 24, 1942 the Savoia Cavalleria regiment attacked the Russians. The Italians had 32 dead (offi- cially, 3), 52 wounded (officially,S), and more than a hundred horses wounded or lost. The Russians-according to Italian figures-suffered ISO dead and 500 pri- soners" [EH, Letzte, 90].
32. tracciolino: I, a Pound neologism deriv- ing from tracciare, meaning something like "road-engineer. "
33. Oleari: Italian theater of operations during WWI.
34. Divisione Sforzesca: I, "Special Force Division. "
35. Felix nupsit: L, "a happy marriage. " Allusion to the marriage of Pound's daughter
[M de R, Discretions, 307].
36. Khaty: [93:2]. Boris de R. , who mar- ried Mary, was an Egyptologist much taken with the pharaoh Akthoi (Khaty).
37. Euridices: The dead wife of Orpheus, the singer.
38. Laurel bark . . . : Reference to Dafne [2:26], who, fleeing from Apollo, was
turned into a laurel tree.
39. Endymion: The lover of Artemis (Diana), the moon-goddess, for whom Arte- misia [cf. 21 above] is named.
40. Kalliastragalos: [4: 14; 109:55].
41. Ideogram: Hsin 1 [M2737], "make new" [53:42-43]. Used with "day by day"
[cf. 53 below].
42. go forth by day: The Egyptian Book of
the Dead was known as "The Sayings for Going Forth by Day" [Schmidt, Pai, 8-1,55].
43. Awoi: Character in the Noh play Awoi
110/779-781 No Uye. Her love, corrupted by jealousy,
turns to hate [EP, CNTJ, 113-121; 77:21, 22].
44. La Tour . . . Voisin: Famous restaurants Pound remembers, 3 of which were in Paris and one (Dieudonne) in London [74/433; 76/453].
45. Byzance: Santa Fosca, a church of the 6th century with a Byzantine structure at Torcello [cf. 47 below]. Over its portal is the image of the Virgin Mary, to which Pound refers by the phrase "Thy quiet house. "
46. Galla's Rest: The tomb of Galla Placidia [21:37; 76:86]. Said Pound: "Of religion it will be enough for me to say . . . 'every self, respecting Ravennese is procreated, or at least receives spirit or breath of life, in the
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia' " [SP ,322].
47. Torcello: The sunken city (founded in 639) in the Venetian Lagoon, where two palaces and the cathedral Santa Maria As- sunta (from the 7th century) are preserved. The cathedral has 12th- and 13th-century mosaics on its facade [EH, Letzte, 90].
48. Quos . . . : L, "which I Persephone. " Based on Propertius VI, 26: "Three books will there be at my funeral, / Which I Perse- phone will bring, not a trifling gift. "
49. Ideogram: Chih3 [M939], "stop. " A comment on Analects IX, 20: "Alas, I see him advance, I never see him stop (take a position). " Pound said: "There is no more important technical term in the Confucian philosophy than this Chih3 , the hitching post, position, place one is in, and works from" [CON,232].
SO.
51.
52.
110/781, 111/782
who started work with the Na-khi in 1922 and returned there to make special studies for over 20 years. In the spring of 1943 he tried to ship over 700 manuscripts, all his 20 years' work ready far the printer, back to the States. The ship waS torpedoed by a Japanese submarine and his work went with it to the bottom of the Arabian Sea. Said Rock with monumental restraint, "That I felt the loss keenly I need not waste time to tell" [Rock, "Ceremony," preface]. Dr. Rock returned after WWII to start the work over again (Pai, 3-1, 10I] .
55. Mount Kinabalu: Mountain in North Borneo, now called Sebah.
56. Jesselton: Formerly capital of North Borneo. After independence (1963), it was renamed Kota Kinabalu.
57. Falling . . . tempest: Perhaps a reference to the Dragon Boat Festival and the 5 poi- sons in Taoism: "spider, scorpion, lizard, snake and toad" [Ismail, Agenda, 75]. But perhaps a note of despair for one who set out to write a paradise and discovered all the evidence indicated he should be writing an apocalypse. Perhaps both.
717
[74: 153]. [74: 275].
I. Hui: [103:16]
2. Wadsworth: Joseph W. ,? a relative of Pound on his mother's side, who stole and preserved by hiding in an oak tree the Char- ter of Connecticut [109:27]. On May IS, 1715, at the Town House in Hartford, he was rewarded: "This assembly do, as token of their grateful resentment of such his faith- ful and good service, grant him out of the Colony treasury the sum of twenty shillings"
[WK, Colonial, 42] .
3. au fond: F, "in essence. "
4. Roche-Guyon: Louis Alexandre due de La R-G, 1743-1792. During the revolution- ary events of June 20, 1792, he raised his
voice in defense of the king and had to flee Paris. He was arrested in Forges and died Nov. 14, 1792, as a result of a stone thrown from the crowd as he was being transported through the town of Gisars.
. . . . . .
37. 23rd April: [ef. 28 above].
38. HOWARD: The charter, ends: "In wit-
56. San Domenico, Santa Sabina: [93:16, 17]. Ancient Roman churches about which Pound said earlier: "Where the spirit is clear
34. hinder
shall not in any manner hinder any of our loveing Subjects whatsoever to use and exer- cise the Trade of Fishinge. . . . And to build . . . such . . . workehouses as shall bee necessary for the Salting, drying and keep- eing of their Fish . . . " [ibid. , 117].
fishinge
: "These
presents
36. Mynes
firme lands
Stones, Quarries,. . . To have and to hold . . . as of our MannaI of East Greene- wich, in Free and Comon Soccage, and not in Capite . . . and Payinge therefore, to us, our heires and Successors, one1y the Fifth parte of all the Oare of Gold and Silver . . . to bee to us . . . paid" [ibid. , 117-118].
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
cles
later we have the thematic declaration: "SPLENDOUR, IT ALL COHERES"
[100/714].
Silver: "Together Mynes, Mynerals,
with all Precious
every such Per-
reparando: [108:94].
Stat de 31 Eliz: [Cf. 2 above; 108:95].
AngJiae amor: [108:75].
false stone . . . : [108/768].
auxy sort . . . : [108:68].
Taormina: [91:98].
Drafts and Fragments
Sources
Ernest Fenollosa, Epochs of Chinese and Japanese Art, 2 vols. , 1912; rpt. N. Y. , 1963 [EF, Epochs]; Dante, In/. V, 75; Joseph Rock, "The 2Muanj bpo Ceremony, or the Sacrzfice to HeClVen as Practiced by the Na-khi," Monumenta Serica, Vol. XIII, 1948 [Rock, "Ceremony"]; Joseph Rock, "The Romance ofK'a-2md- 19yu 2mi-gkyi, A Na-khi Tribal Love Story," Bulletin de l'Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient, XXXIX (1939), 1-152 [Rock, "Ro- mance"]; Dante, In/. XVII; Raphael Pumpelly, Across America
and Asia (1869) and My Reminiscences, 2 vols. , N. Y. , 1918.
Background
EP, SR, 214-215; CNTJ, 131-121; CON, 232; M de R, Discre-
tions, Little Brown, Boston, 1971; John Humphrey Noyes, II, A
SelIoi: [87:83]. In the Trachiniae Hera- says: "The dead beast kills the living me / and that fits another odd forecast / breathed out at the Selloi's oak- / those fellows rough it . . . " [WT, 49]. Ten lines
50. Ino . . . Kadmus. "
Kadmeia:
G, "Ina,
daughter
of
51. Erigena: [36:9; 74:90] 52. Anselm: [105:16]. 53. Herbert: [100:133].
54. Remusat:
[100: I 10].
55. KCI""(<>OTP"'YClAO'=
ankles" [110/780].
H,
"beautiful
? 714
110/777
110/777-779
715
History ofAmerican Socialism, Philadelphia, 1870 [Noyes, So- cialism] ; W. Keith Kavenagh, Foundations o f Colonial America,
at a salt spring, but the taste or longing for the water stays with it; this leads the stag to commit 1yu- 2 vu ("suicide"), as does the young girl [ibid. , 47-48] .
14. gentian sprout: The gentian is called the last bloom of summer and flowers when the shepherds are bringing their herds down from the high meadows [ibid:, 50-51].
15. coral . . . oak: When K'a's lover sees her corpse, he says, among other things: "If I gave you turquoise and coral eyes, will you again be able to see? If I attach the roots of the pine and the oak, will you be able to walk" [ibid. , 89] .
16. Yellow iris: Peck says: "As Rock notes, the pictograph for "2k'a" . . . shows spring water flowing down a valley or gulch. Earlier in the text. . . the spring pictograph is a compound of 'water' and 1ba or 'flower'- the picture of which resembles an iris" [Peck, Agenda, 56].
moon",
must have asked his grandfather" [HK, Pai, 8-1,51-52].
18. Quercus: "Oak" in Na-khi. The tree on which 2K'a hangs herself.
19. Mt Sumeru: The holy mountain where the suicide of 2K'a took place. Says Peck: "Mt. Sumeru rests at the earth's navel, and in Hindu cosmology is the heaven of Indra, terracing the cities of the gods up toward nothingness. . . . Its tree drips honey which, like Yggdrassil's, gives rise to a river" [Peck, Agenda, 55].
20. juniper: In the "Sacrifice to Heaven" rites, one prays first to Heaven, Earth, and the Juniper. Three small trees are erected on a platform where the sacrifice is made: "an oak, representing Heaven, a juniper, repre- senting lK'aw, the emperor, and another
oak . . . on the left, representing earth or 2Ndaw" [Rock, "Ceremony," 13].
21. The purifications . . . : One of the "Sacrifices to Heaven" is called 3Ch'ou 3Shu, or "Impurities Smoke Out. " By differ- ent acts, houses and the landscape are puri- fied: "the former, a high mountain, was pu- rified by the snow, the latter, a lower moun- tain, was purified by the rain" [Rock, "Cere- mony," 23]. Different people went to do different ceremonial things: "the former went to a large Juniper, and the latter to a large oak and they purified themselves. . . . The former went into a ravine . . . the latter was purified by the dew" [ibid, 23-24] . Of another ceremony we read, "The three trees . . . are then placed in position on the altar . . . the tree of Heaven on the right, the Juniper in the center and the tree represen- ting Earth on the left. . . underneath
Chelsea House,
N. Y . ,
1973 [WK, Colonial].
Exegeses
Peck, Agenda, vol. 9, nos. 2-3, 26-69; Jamila Ismail, ibid. , 70-87; CFT, Pai, 3-1, 91-123; EH, Ezra Pound Letzte Texte, Zurich, 1969 [EH, Letzte]; Schmidt, Pai, 8-1, 55; JW, Later, 167-198; MB, Trace, 461-480.
ex Glossary
I. Thy quiet house: The basilica of Torcello in the Venetian Lagoon, which has a mosaic Madonna "over the portal" [cf. 47 below; 116/795].
2. crozier's curve: The crook in the staff carried before a Roman Catholic bishop.
3. harl: [herle]: ME, "fibers and filaments. " Here prob. in a tuft, as in the crest of a bird
[51/251].
4. Verkehr: G, "commerce.
" An endorse- ment of what others have called "The free enterprise system. "
5. caracole: In riding, a horseman's ceremo- nial half-turn to the left or right.
6. panache: F, "crest," or "plume of a helmet. "
7. Toba Sojo: A Buddhist priest, 1052- 1140, originally named Kakuyu. He became chief of the Enryaku-ji-temple of the Tendai sect and later returned to Toba, after which he got the name Toba Soja. The pictures he painted were called, after him, Toba-e, and this designation later came to include the whole genre of caricature [EF, Epochs, 174- 175].
8. che . . . vent': I, "who appear so on the wind. " Adapted from Dante [In! V, 75], where he speaks to the lovers Paolo and Francesca, "who seem so light on the wind. " A lead-in to the Na-khi ceremony.
9. 2Har-2la-' llii 3k'o: The collective name for the 13 ceremonies performed by the Na-khi to expiate the spirits of suicides. When these ceremonies are not carried out, the spirits of suicides remain headless de- mons, or wind? demons, which draw hail and contagious diseases with them. When a per- son dies, it is of utmost importance that a relative see his last breath. Otherwise, a fowl must be strangled, whose last breath then stands for that of the suicide [Rock, "Cere- mony," 1-156].
which . . . 2bbue (Artemisia) been laid [ibid. , 30].
twigs . . . had
10. nine . . . seven: "A
fates, . . , a girl has seven. " The lines and most of the Na-khi lines in this canto are based on the Romance of 2K'a-2ma'j gyu- 3 mi- 2gkyi, which was used in the "Wind Sway" ceremonies [Rock, Romance, 20n. ] .
II. the black tree . . . : As 2K'a-2ma (the young girl who is going to commit suicide with her lover rather than accept a forced marriage to someone else) approached her hanging tree, "the black crown of the tree waved, [her] heart was faint, the black tree was born dumb" [ibid. , 42].
12. blue . . . turquoise: Before coming to the tree, the young girl thought of throwing herself into the lake, which is "a deep blue"-like her eyes, except they are "tur- quoise" [ibid. , 41].
13. the stag: In the romance, a stag drinks
man has
nine
17. Ideograms:
[M4534], "bright(ness)"; [M4557], "not"; [M2702], "former"; [M5054], "friend. " Pound's grandson Walter glosses the passage thus: "The brightness of the mOon . . . there are no former friends. " MdeR says that "he
22. Artemis: Or Diana. Rhyme with Artemisia.
23. Kuanon: [74:81].
. . .
[M7696] ,
24. Cozzaglio
neers who built a road called the "Garde- sana. " Says EH: "The Occidental Gardesana, one of the most famous highways in Europe, begins in Riva along the western shore of Lake Garda. Its course for great stretches is blasted out of rocks, and more than 50 bridges lead over ravines, waterfalls and cre- vices. The Arc'd rock layers consist of 70 tunnels" [EH, Letzte, 88]. The waves of the lake may recall Canaletto's scenes of Venice.
(Gardesana):
Italian engi-
25. Savoia . . . that: "that" refers to a cavalry attack the Italians made against the Russians [cf. 31 below].
26. Un caso . . . memoria: Pg, "A sad case and worthy of memory" [Camoens, Os Lui- sadas, III, 118; SR, 214-215].
27. Uncle G. : George Holden Tinkham [74:180].
28. Knox
. . .
Lodge: [89/603].
? l
? ? 716
29. Bettoni: Commander of the cavalry at- tack at Ibukerki.
30. Galliffet: [16:17].
31. (Ibukerki): "The steppes of Isbuschens-
kij in the Ukraine, where on August 24, 1942 the Savoia Cavalleria regiment attacked the Russians. The Italians had 32 dead (offi- cially, 3), 52 wounded (officially,S), and more than a hundred horses wounded or lost. The Russians-according to Italian figures-suffered ISO dead and 500 pri- soners" [EH, Letzte, 90].
32. tracciolino: I, a Pound neologism deriv- ing from tracciare, meaning something like "road-engineer. "
33. Oleari: Italian theater of operations during WWI.
34. Divisione Sforzesca: I, "Special Force Division. "
35. Felix nupsit: L, "a happy marriage. " Allusion to the marriage of Pound's daughter
[M de R, Discretions, 307].
36. Khaty: [93:2]. Boris de R. , who mar- ried Mary, was an Egyptologist much taken with the pharaoh Akthoi (Khaty).
37. Euridices: The dead wife of Orpheus, the singer.
38. Laurel bark . . . : Reference to Dafne [2:26], who, fleeing from Apollo, was
turned into a laurel tree.
39. Endymion: The lover of Artemis (Diana), the moon-goddess, for whom Arte- misia [cf. 21 above] is named.
40. Kalliastragalos: [4: 14; 109:55].
41. Ideogram: Hsin 1 [M2737], "make new" [53:42-43]. Used with "day by day"
[cf. 53 below].
42. go forth by day: The Egyptian Book of
the Dead was known as "The Sayings for Going Forth by Day" [Schmidt, Pai, 8-1,55].
43. Awoi: Character in the Noh play Awoi
110/779-781 No Uye. Her love, corrupted by jealousy,
turns to hate [EP, CNTJ, 113-121; 77:21, 22].
44. La Tour . . . Voisin: Famous restaurants Pound remembers, 3 of which were in Paris and one (Dieudonne) in London [74/433; 76/453].
45. Byzance: Santa Fosca, a church of the 6th century with a Byzantine structure at Torcello [cf. 47 below]. Over its portal is the image of the Virgin Mary, to which Pound refers by the phrase "Thy quiet house. "
46. Galla's Rest: The tomb of Galla Placidia [21:37; 76:86]. Said Pound: "Of religion it will be enough for me to say . . . 'every self, respecting Ravennese is procreated, or at least receives spirit or breath of life, in the
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia' " [SP ,322].
47. Torcello: The sunken city (founded in 639) in the Venetian Lagoon, where two palaces and the cathedral Santa Maria As- sunta (from the 7th century) are preserved. The cathedral has 12th- and 13th-century mosaics on its facade [EH, Letzte, 90].
48. Quos . . . : L, "which I Persephone. " Based on Propertius VI, 26: "Three books will there be at my funeral, / Which I Perse- phone will bring, not a trifling gift. "
49. Ideogram: Chih3 [M939], "stop. " A comment on Analects IX, 20: "Alas, I see him advance, I never see him stop (take a position). " Pound said: "There is no more important technical term in the Confucian philosophy than this Chih3 , the hitching post, position, place one is in, and works from" [CON,232].
SO.
51.
52.
110/781, 111/782
who started work with the Na-khi in 1922 and returned there to make special studies for over 20 years. In the spring of 1943 he tried to ship over 700 manuscripts, all his 20 years' work ready far the printer, back to the States. The ship waS torpedoed by a Japanese submarine and his work went with it to the bottom of the Arabian Sea. Said Rock with monumental restraint, "That I felt the loss keenly I need not waste time to tell" [Rock, "Ceremony," preface]. Dr. Rock returned after WWII to start the work over again (Pai, 3-1, 10I] .
55. Mount Kinabalu: Mountain in North Borneo, now called Sebah.
56. Jesselton: Formerly capital of North Borneo. After independence (1963), it was renamed Kota Kinabalu.
57. Falling . . . tempest: Perhaps a reference to the Dragon Boat Festival and the 5 poi- sons in Taoism: "spider, scorpion, lizard, snake and toad" [Ismail, Agenda, 75]. But perhaps a note of despair for one who set out to write a paradise and discovered all the evidence indicated he should be writing an apocalypse. Perhaps both.
717
[74: 153]. [74: 275].
I. Hui: [103:16]
2. Wadsworth: Joseph W. ,? a relative of Pound on his mother's side, who stole and preserved by hiding in an oak tree the Char- ter of Connecticut [109:27]. On May IS, 1715, at the Town House in Hartford, he was rewarded: "This assembly do, as token of their grateful resentment of such his faith- ful and good service, grant him out of the Colony treasury the sum of twenty shillings"
[WK, Colonial, 42] .
3. au fond: F, "in essence. "
4. Roche-Guyon: Louis Alexandre due de La R-G, 1743-1792. During the revolution- ary events of June 20, 1792, he raised his
voice in defense of the king and had to flee Paris. He was arrested in Forges and died Nov. 14, 1792, as a result of a stone thrown from the crowd as he was being transported through the town of Gisars.
