This
not absolutely the inventor of Roman satire, he appears clearly from the law passed by C.
not absolutely the inventor of Roman satire, he appears clearly from the law passed by C.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
IV.
Ad Constantium Aurustum pro Suncto
Caluritanus, first appears in ecclesiastical history Athanasio, Liliri 11. , written at the same place,
as joint legate with Eusebius of Vercelli [EUSEBIUS about 360. V. De non parcendo in Deum delin-
VerceLLENSIS) from pope Liberius to the council quentibus, written about the same time with the
of Milan (A. D. 354), where, along with his col- preceding. VI. Muriendum pro Filio Dei, written
league, he displayed such determined firmness in about the beginning of 301, on being interrogated
withstanding the demands of the Arian emperor, respecting the authorship of the tract Ad Constun-
that he was first cast into prison, and then trans- tium. VII. Epistolu al Florentium Magistrum
ported from place to place as an exile, every where Officiorum, written at the same time with the pre-
enduring hardships and cruelty. While residing ceding. An Epistola ad Cutholicos, written while
at Eleutheropolis in Syria he composed in vigorous imprisoned at Milan, is lost.
but coarse and unpolished style his chief work, en- The Editio Princeps of the works of Lucifer
titled Ad Constantium Augustum pro Sancto Atha- appeared at Paris, 8vo. 1568, superintended by
ausio Libri 11. , which, although containing forcible Joannes Tillius, bishop of Meaux (Meldensis), and
arguments in favour of the truth, is characterised dedicated to pope Pius the Fifth. Although in
by such outrageous intemperance of expression, that many respects very imperfect, it was reprinted
many passages bear more resemblance to the ravings without alteration in the Alagna Bibliotheca Patrum,
of a furious madman than to the calm reasoning fol. Colon. 1618, vol. iv. p. 121, and also in the
which would become a Christian minister. Con- Paris collection. But even these are superior to
stantius, either in anger or contempt, inquired of the text exhibited in the Biblioth. Patrum Mar.
Lucifer, through Florentius, the magister officiorum, fol. Lugdun. 1687, vol. iv. p. 181, since here we
whether he was really the author of this invective, find not only many changes introduced without
but no immediate punishment appears to have MS. authority, but all the scriptural quotations
followed the bold acknowledgment, and any scheme accommodated to the vulgate version. Much better
of vengeance which might have been meditated than any of the preceding is the edition contained
was frustrated by the death of the tyrant. The in the Bibliotheca Patrum of Galland, vol. vi. p. 115
violent and ungovernable temper of the Sardinian (fol. Venet. 1770), but by far the best is that pub-
prelate, who was now restored to freedom, along lished by the brothers Coleti (fol. Venet. 1778),
with other victims of religious persecution, soon whose labours presented this father for the first
began to introduce confusion and discord among time in a satisfactory form. (Hieronym. de Viris
his own friends. He increased the disorders which IU. 95, Advers. Luciferian. Dial. ; Rufin. H. E.
agitated the church at Antioch by interfering in i. 30 ; Sulp. Sever. H. S. ii. 48 ; Socrat. H. E. ii.
their disputes, and ordaining Paulinus bishop, in 5 ; Sozomen. H. E. v. 12 ; Theodoret. H. E. iii. 4;
opposition to Meletius ; and when his proceedings Schönemann, Biblioth. Patr. Lat. i. $ 8, where very
were censured by Eusebius, who had been de- full information concerning the different editions
spatched to Antioch by the Alexandrian synod to will be found. )
(W. R. )
quell these tumults, he did not hesitate to anathe- LUCI'LIA GENS, plebeian, produced only
matise his old tried friend, so long the companion one person of any celebrity, the poet Lucilius ; but
of his dangers and misfortunes. Finding that his none of its members obtained any of the higher
extreme opinions received no sanction from the offices of the state. Under the republic we find
ecclesiastical authorities either in the East or West, the cognomens Balbus and Bassus, and under the
and that he was disclaimed even by Athanasius, empire Capito and LONGUS. On coins we find
who at one time had spoken of his writings in the cognomen Rufus, which does not, however,
terms of the warmest admiration, he retired to his occur in any ancient writer (Eckhel, vol. v. p. 239).
native island, and there founded the small sect of A few persons of the name of Lucilius are men-
the Luciferiani. The distinguishing tenet of these tioned without any cognomen.
schismatics was, that no Arian bishop, and no LUCI’LIUS. 1. Sext. Lucilius, tribune of
bishop who had any measure yielded to the the plebs, B. C. 86, a partizan of Sulla, was in the
Arians, even although he repented and confessed following year thrown down the Tarpeian rock by
his errors, could enter the bosom of the church his successor P. Laenas, who belonged to the
without forfeiting his ecclesiastical rank, and that Marian party. (Vell. Pat. ii. 24. )
all bishops and others who admitted the claims of 2. Sext. LUCILIUS, the son of T. Gavius Caepio,
such persons to a full restoration of their privileges was tribune of the soldiers in the army of M.
became themselves tainted and outcasts-a doctrine Bibulus, and was slain at Mount Amanus, B. c. 50.
which, had it been acknowledged at this period in (Cic. ad Att. v. 20. $ 4. )
its full extent, would have had the effect of excom- 3. L. LUCILIUS, was with App. Claudius Pul-
municating nearly the whole Christian world. cher (CLAUDIUS, No. 38] in Cilicia, B. c. 38 (Cic.
Lucifer died during the reign of Valentinian, pro- ad Fam. iii. 5. $ 1). He is probably the same as
Lubly about A. D. 370.
the Lucilius who is mentioned by Cicero as como
## p. 823 (#839) ############################################
LUCILIUS.
823
LUCILIUS.
erroneous.
manding the fleet of Dolabella in Cilicia, R. C. 43 Hor. Sat. i. 4. 6, i. 10. 1, &c. , 46, &c; Cic. dc
(Cic. ad Fum. xii. 13. $ 3). Instead of Lucilius, Orat. ii. 1, de Fin. i. 3. )
Manutius wishes, on the authority of some MSS. , It must not be concealed that the accuracy of
to read Lucius, understanding thereby L. Figulus, many of the above statements with regard to
whom Appian (B. C. iv. 60) mentions as the legate matters of fact, although resting upon the best
of Dolabella.
evidence that antiquity can supply, have been
4. C. LUCILIUS, was, on account of his intimacy called in question. Bayle adduces three arguments
with Cicero, a friend of Milo. (Ascon. in Mil. p. to prove that the dates given by Jerome must be
37, ed. Orelli. )
5. LUCILIUS, fought on the side of Brutus at the 1. If Lucilius was born in B. C. 148, since
battle of Philippi, B. c. 42, and when the repub- Numantin was taken in B. c. 133, he could have
lican arıny was in flight and the enemy had nearly scarcely been fifteen years old when he joined the
overtaken Brutus, he represented himself to be the army; but the military age among the Romans was
latter in order to save his friend. He was brought seventeen or, at the earliest, sixteen.
before M. Antony, who was so struck with his 2. A. Gellius (ii. 21) gives a quotation from
magnanimity, that he not only forgave him, but Lucilius, in which mention is made of the Liciniin
trented him ever afterwards as one of his most sumptuary law; but this law was p:issed about
intiinate friends. (Appian, B. C. iv. 129; Plut. B. c. 98, therefore Lucilius must have been alive at
Brut. 50, Anton. 69. )
least five years after the period assigned for his
LUCI'LIUS, C. Our information with regard to death.
this poet, although limited in extent, is sufficiently 3. Horace (Sat, ji. ). 28), when describing the
precise. In the version of the Eusebian Chronicle, devotion of Lucilius to his books, to wluich he coni-
by Jerome, it is recorded that he was born B. C. mitted every secret thought, and which thus present
148, that he died at Naples B. c. 103, in the 46th a complete and vivid picture of his life and cha-
year of his age, and that he received the honour racter, uses the expression
of a public funeral. From the words of Juvenal,
compared with those of Ausonius, we learn that
quo fit ut omnis
Votiva pateat veluti descripta tabella
Suessa of the Aurunci was the place of his nati-
Vita senis
vity ; from Velleius, that he served in the cavalry
under Scipio in the Numantine war; from Horace but the epithet scnis could not with any propriety
and the old scholiast on Horace, that he lived upon be applied to one who died at the age of forty-six.
terms of the most close and playful familiarity with To these arguments we may briefly reply-
Africanus and Laelius ; from Acro and Porphyrio, 1. It can be proved by numerous examples that
that he was either the maternal grand-uncle, or, not only was it common for youths under the
which is less probable, the maternal grandfather of regular military age to serve as volunteers, but that
Pompey the Great. Ancient critics agree that, if such service was frequently compulsory.
This
not absolutely the inventor of Roman satire, he appears clearly from the law passed by C. Gracchus
was the first to mould it into that form which after- B. C. 124, to prevent any one from being forced to
wards assumed consistency, and received full de- enter the army who had not attained to the age of
velopeinent in the hands of Horace, Persius, and seventeen. (See Stevech. ad Veget. i. 7; Liv. xxv.
Juvenal. The first of these three great masters, 5 ; Sigon. de Jure Civ. Rom. i. 15; Manut, de Ley.
while he censures the harsh versification and turbid 12. )
redundancy which resulted from the slovenly haste 2. It is here taken for granted that the Les
with which Lucilius threw off his compositions, Licinia sumptuaria was passed in the year B. c. 98,
and from his impatience of the toil necessary for or rather, perhaps, B. c. 97, in the consulship of
their correction, acknowledges, with the same ad- Cn. Cornelius Lentulus and P. Licinius Crassus.
miration as the two others, the uncompromising But the learned have been long at variance with
boldness of purpose, the fiery vehemence of attack, regard to the date of this enactinent ; Pighius, in
and the trenchant sharpness of stroke which cha- his Annals, and Freinsheim, in his Supplement to
racterised his encounters with the vices and follies Livy (lxiv. 52), refer it to B. c. 112; Wüllner, in
of his contemporaries, who were fearlessly as- his treatise “ De Laevio Poeta," to the praetorship
sailed without respect to the rank, power, or
of Licinius Crassus, B. c. 104, relying chiefly on
numbers of those selected as the most fitting the words of Macrobius (Sat. ii. 13); Bach, in his
objects of hostility. One of the speakers in the history of Roman jnrisprudence, to B. c. 97 ; Gro-
De Oratore praises warmly his learning and wit novius, on A. Gellius, to B. C. 88 ; Meyer, in his
(komo doctus et perurbanus), although in another Collection of the Fragments of Roman Orators, to
piece Cicero, when discoursing in his own person, the second consulship of Pompey and Crassus, B. C.
in some degree qualifies this eulogium ; and pay- 55. It is evident that no conclusion can be drawn
ing a high tribute to his urbanitas, pronounces from a matter on which such a remarkable diver-
his doctrina to be mediocris only. Quintilian, sity of opinion prevails.
however, considered his erudition wonderful, and 3. It is not necessary to interpret senis as an
refused to admit the justice of the other strictures epithet descriptive of the advanced age of the indi-
which had been passed upon his style, declaring vidual. It may, without any violence, relate to
that many persons, although he is himself as far the remote period when he lived, being in this
from agreeing with them as with Horace, considered sense equivalent to priscus or antiquus. Thus when
him superior, not only to all writers of his own we are told that
class, but to all poets whatsoever. (Hieron. in
aufert
Chron. Euscl. Olymp. clviii. 1, clxix. 2; Juv. i. 20;
Pacuvius docti famam senis, Accius alti,
Auson. Epist. xv. 9; Vell. Pat. ii. 9 ; Hor. Sat. ii.
1. 73, &c. ; Plin. H. N. praef; Quintil. x. l; Hor. we do not understand that there is any allusion
Sut, ii. 1. 62, &c. ; Pers. i. 115; Juven. i. 165; l here to the years of the two dramatists, but to their
3 64
## p. 824 (#840) ############################################
824
LUCILIUS.
LUCILLA.
3
antiquity alone, just as we ourselves speak fami- us, exhibiting throughout great command of lan-
liarly of old Chaucer and old Marlowe.
guage, and containing not a few brilliant passages.
The writings of Lucilius being filled with strange The object proposed is not so much to present a
and obsolete words, proved peculiarly attractive to highly coloured picture of the terrors of an eruption
the grammarians, many of whom devoted them- as to explain upon philosophical principles, after
selves almost exclusively to their illustration. At the fashion of Lucretius, the causes of the various
a very early period the different pieces seem to physical phenomena presented by the volcano, and
have been divided into thirty books, which bore to demonstrate the folly of the popular belief which
the general name of Satirae, each book, in all pro regarded the earthquakes and the fames as pro-
bability, containing several distinct essays. Up duced by the struggles and the fiery breathing of
wards of eight hundred fragments from these have imprisoned giants, or by the anvils and furnaces of
been preserved, but the greater number consist of the swart Cyclopes. With regard to the author
isolated couplets, or single lines, or even parts of all is doubt. The piece was at one time generally
lines, the longest of the relics, which is a defence of supposed to belong to Virgil, in consequence, it
virtue, and is quoted by Lactantius (Instit. Div. would seem, of an expression in the biography of
vi. 5), extending to thirteen verses only. From that poct, which bears the name of Donatus (scrip-
such disjointed scraps, it is almost impossible to sit ctiam, de qua ambigitur, Actnam); some of the
form any judgment with regard to the skill dis- earlier scholars believed it to be the work of Per
played in handling the various topics which in turn tronius, probably from having found it attached to
afforded him a theme; but it is perfectly clear that the MSS. of the Satyricon ; by Julius Scaliger it
his reputation for caustic pleasantry was by no was ascribed to Quintilius Varus ; by Joseph
means unmerited, and that in coarseness and broad Scaliger (and his opinion has found many sup-
personalities he in no respect fell short of the porters), to Cornelius Sevenis (Severus), who
licence of the old comedy, which would seem to is known to have written upon this topic, while
have been, to a certain extent, his model. It is others have imagined that they could detect the
manifest also, that although a considerable portion hand of Manilius or of Claudian. Wernsdorff,
of these remarkable productions were satirical in followed by Jacob, the most recent editor, fixes
the conimonly received acceptation of the term, upon Lucilius Junior, procurator of Sicily, the
that is, were levelled against the vices and follies friend to whom Seneca addresses his Epistles, his
of his age, they embraced a much wider field than Natural Questions, and his tract on Proridence,
that over which Horace permitted himself to range, and whom he strongly urges to select this very
for not only did they comprise dissertations on re- subject of Etna as a theme for his muse. Although
ligion, morals, and criticism, an account of a journey it is perfectly vain, in the absence of all direct
from Rome to Capua, and from thence to the Sici- evidence, to pronounce dogmatically upon the
lian Strait, which evidently served as a model for question of authorship, we may, from a careful
the celebrated journey to Brundisium ; but a large examination of the style, language, and allusions,
part of one book, the ninth, was occupied with dis- decide with certainty that it is not a production of
quisitions on orthography, and other grammatical the Augustan age, and therefore cannot be assigned
technicalities. The theme of his sixteenth book to Severus; but whether it belongs to the Neronian
was his mistress Collyra, to whom it was inscribed. epoch, or to a much later date, as Barthius main-
Of the thirty books, the first twenty and the tains, it is impossible to determine.
thirtieth appear to have been composed entirely in (Donatus, Vit. Virg. 7; Vincent. Bellovac. Specul.
heroic hexameters; the remaining nine in iambic Histor, vii. 62, xx. 20 ; Jacob Magn. Sopholog. iv.
and trochaic measures. There are, it is true, several 10; Jul. Scalig. Hypercrit. 7 ; Jos. Scalig. Not. in
apparent exceptions, but these may be ascribed to Aetnam ; Barth. Advers. xlix. 6, ad Stat. Theb. X.
some error in the number of the book as quoted by 911; Senec. Epist. Ixxix. ; comp. Ep. xix. Quaest.
the grammarian, or as copied by the transcriber. Natural, iv. praef. )
(W. R. )
The fragments of Lucilius were first collected by LUCILLA, A'NNIA, daughter of M. Aurelius
Robert and Henry Stephens, and printed in the and the younger Faustina, was born about A. D.
Fragmenta Poetarum Veterum Latinorum, 8vo. 147. Upon the death of Antoninus Pius, in A. D.
Paris, 1564. They were published separately, 161, she was betrothed to the emperor, L. Verus,
with considerable additions, by Franciscus Dousa, who was at that time setting out upon an expedi-
Lug. Bat. 4to. 1597, whose edition was reprinted tion against the Parthians, and joined her husband
by the brothers Volpi, 8vo. Patav. 1735; and, at Ephesus three years later. After his death,
along with Censorinus, by the two sons of Haver- which happened in A. D. 169, hastened, according
camp, Lug. Bat. 8vo. 1743. They will be found to Capitolinus (M. Aurel. c. 26), by poison from
attached to the Bipont Persius, 8vo. 1785; to the her hands, she was given in marriage to Claudius
Persius of Achaintre, 8vo. Paris, 1811, and are Pompeianus, a native of Antioch, who, although of
included in the Corpus Poetarum Latinorum of M. equestrian rank only, was much esteemed on ac-
Maittaire, fol. Lond. 1713, vol. ii. p. 1496. (A count of his great abilities and high character.
nuinber of the controverted points with regard to Lucilla accompanied M. Aurelius to the East at
the life and writings of Lucilius have been investi- the period of the rebellion of Avidius Cassius; and
gated with great industry by Varges in his Speci- after her father's death, was treated with much
men Quaestionum Lucilianarum, published in the distinction by her brother, Commodus; but being
Rheinisches Museum for 1835, p. 13. Consult | jealous of the superior honours paid to his empress,
also Bayle's Dictionary, art. Lucile; Fr. Wüllner, Crispina, and eager to get rid of a husband, whom
de Laevio Poeta, 8vo. Monast. 1830 ; and Van she despised, as far inferior to herself, she engaged
Heusde, Studia Critica in C. Lucilium, 8vo. Traj. in a plot against the life of the prince, which, having
ad Rhen. 1842. )
(W. R. ] been detected, she was banished to the island of
LUCILIUS JUNIOR, a poem in 640 hex- Capreae, and there put to death, about the year
anueters, entitled Aetna, has been transmitted to A. D. 183. The story of her baving been accessery
## p. 825 (#841) ############################################
LUCILLUS.
825
LUCJUS.
02112
Cose
to the death of Verus rests upon no good evidence, | Alexandria, appear to have been the source of
but in general profligacy she seenis to have been most of the later collections of the kind. Thus
a worthy descendant of the Faustinae, and a worthy Zenobius expressly states that he collected his pro-
sister to Commodus.
verbs from Lucillus and Didymus. The proverbs
Historians do not expressly mention that she had of Lucillus are also quoted by Tzetzes (Chil. viii.
children by her first husband ; yet the legend, 149), by Apostolius, and by Stephanus (s. v. Tappa,
Fecunditas, which appears upon some of her reading Auúria dos for Acúkios, comp. s. v. Kárapva;
medals, although the date of these may be uncer- Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol.
Caluritanus, first appears in ecclesiastical history Athanasio, Liliri 11. , written at the same place,
as joint legate with Eusebius of Vercelli [EUSEBIUS about 360. V. De non parcendo in Deum delin-
VerceLLENSIS) from pope Liberius to the council quentibus, written about the same time with the
of Milan (A. D. 354), where, along with his col- preceding. VI. Muriendum pro Filio Dei, written
league, he displayed such determined firmness in about the beginning of 301, on being interrogated
withstanding the demands of the Arian emperor, respecting the authorship of the tract Ad Constun-
that he was first cast into prison, and then trans- tium. VII. Epistolu al Florentium Magistrum
ported from place to place as an exile, every where Officiorum, written at the same time with the pre-
enduring hardships and cruelty. While residing ceding. An Epistola ad Cutholicos, written while
at Eleutheropolis in Syria he composed in vigorous imprisoned at Milan, is lost.
but coarse and unpolished style his chief work, en- The Editio Princeps of the works of Lucifer
titled Ad Constantium Augustum pro Sancto Atha- appeared at Paris, 8vo. 1568, superintended by
ausio Libri 11. , which, although containing forcible Joannes Tillius, bishop of Meaux (Meldensis), and
arguments in favour of the truth, is characterised dedicated to pope Pius the Fifth. Although in
by such outrageous intemperance of expression, that many respects very imperfect, it was reprinted
many passages bear more resemblance to the ravings without alteration in the Alagna Bibliotheca Patrum,
of a furious madman than to the calm reasoning fol. Colon. 1618, vol. iv. p. 121, and also in the
which would become a Christian minister. Con- Paris collection. But even these are superior to
stantius, either in anger or contempt, inquired of the text exhibited in the Biblioth. Patrum Mar.
Lucifer, through Florentius, the magister officiorum, fol. Lugdun. 1687, vol. iv. p. 181, since here we
whether he was really the author of this invective, find not only many changes introduced without
but no immediate punishment appears to have MS. authority, but all the scriptural quotations
followed the bold acknowledgment, and any scheme accommodated to the vulgate version. Much better
of vengeance which might have been meditated than any of the preceding is the edition contained
was frustrated by the death of the tyrant. The in the Bibliotheca Patrum of Galland, vol. vi. p. 115
violent and ungovernable temper of the Sardinian (fol. Venet. 1770), but by far the best is that pub-
prelate, who was now restored to freedom, along lished by the brothers Coleti (fol. Venet. 1778),
with other victims of religious persecution, soon whose labours presented this father for the first
began to introduce confusion and discord among time in a satisfactory form. (Hieronym. de Viris
his own friends. He increased the disorders which IU. 95, Advers. Luciferian. Dial. ; Rufin. H. E.
agitated the church at Antioch by interfering in i. 30 ; Sulp. Sever. H. S. ii. 48 ; Socrat. H. E. ii.
their disputes, and ordaining Paulinus bishop, in 5 ; Sozomen. H. E. v. 12 ; Theodoret. H. E. iii. 4;
opposition to Meletius ; and when his proceedings Schönemann, Biblioth. Patr. Lat. i. $ 8, where very
were censured by Eusebius, who had been de- full information concerning the different editions
spatched to Antioch by the Alexandrian synod to will be found. )
(W. R. )
quell these tumults, he did not hesitate to anathe- LUCI'LIA GENS, plebeian, produced only
matise his old tried friend, so long the companion one person of any celebrity, the poet Lucilius ; but
of his dangers and misfortunes. Finding that his none of its members obtained any of the higher
extreme opinions received no sanction from the offices of the state. Under the republic we find
ecclesiastical authorities either in the East or West, the cognomens Balbus and Bassus, and under the
and that he was disclaimed even by Athanasius, empire Capito and LONGUS. On coins we find
who at one time had spoken of his writings in the cognomen Rufus, which does not, however,
terms of the warmest admiration, he retired to his occur in any ancient writer (Eckhel, vol. v. p. 239).
native island, and there founded the small sect of A few persons of the name of Lucilius are men-
the Luciferiani. The distinguishing tenet of these tioned without any cognomen.
schismatics was, that no Arian bishop, and no LUCI’LIUS. 1. Sext. Lucilius, tribune of
bishop who had any measure yielded to the the plebs, B. C. 86, a partizan of Sulla, was in the
Arians, even although he repented and confessed following year thrown down the Tarpeian rock by
his errors, could enter the bosom of the church his successor P. Laenas, who belonged to the
without forfeiting his ecclesiastical rank, and that Marian party. (Vell. Pat. ii. 24. )
all bishops and others who admitted the claims of 2. Sext. LUCILIUS, the son of T. Gavius Caepio,
such persons to a full restoration of their privileges was tribune of the soldiers in the army of M.
became themselves tainted and outcasts-a doctrine Bibulus, and was slain at Mount Amanus, B. c. 50.
which, had it been acknowledged at this period in (Cic. ad Att. v. 20. $ 4. )
its full extent, would have had the effect of excom- 3. L. LUCILIUS, was with App. Claudius Pul-
municating nearly the whole Christian world. cher (CLAUDIUS, No. 38] in Cilicia, B. c. 38 (Cic.
Lucifer died during the reign of Valentinian, pro- ad Fam. iii. 5. $ 1). He is probably the same as
Lubly about A. D. 370.
the Lucilius who is mentioned by Cicero as como
## p. 823 (#839) ############################################
LUCILIUS.
823
LUCILIUS.
erroneous.
manding the fleet of Dolabella in Cilicia, R. C. 43 Hor. Sat. i. 4. 6, i. 10. 1, &c. , 46, &c; Cic. dc
(Cic. ad Fum. xii. 13. $ 3). Instead of Lucilius, Orat. ii. 1, de Fin. i. 3. )
Manutius wishes, on the authority of some MSS. , It must not be concealed that the accuracy of
to read Lucius, understanding thereby L. Figulus, many of the above statements with regard to
whom Appian (B. C. iv. 60) mentions as the legate matters of fact, although resting upon the best
of Dolabella.
evidence that antiquity can supply, have been
4. C. LUCILIUS, was, on account of his intimacy called in question. Bayle adduces three arguments
with Cicero, a friend of Milo. (Ascon. in Mil. p. to prove that the dates given by Jerome must be
37, ed. Orelli. )
5. LUCILIUS, fought on the side of Brutus at the 1. If Lucilius was born in B. C. 148, since
battle of Philippi, B. c. 42, and when the repub- Numantin was taken in B. c. 133, he could have
lican arıny was in flight and the enemy had nearly scarcely been fifteen years old when he joined the
overtaken Brutus, he represented himself to be the army; but the military age among the Romans was
latter in order to save his friend. He was brought seventeen or, at the earliest, sixteen.
before M. Antony, who was so struck with his 2. A. Gellius (ii. 21) gives a quotation from
magnanimity, that he not only forgave him, but Lucilius, in which mention is made of the Liciniin
trented him ever afterwards as one of his most sumptuary law; but this law was p:issed about
intiinate friends. (Appian, B. C. iv. 129; Plut. B. c. 98, therefore Lucilius must have been alive at
Brut. 50, Anton. 69. )
least five years after the period assigned for his
LUCI'LIUS, C. Our information with regard to death.
this poet, although limited in extent, is sufficiently 3. Horace (Sat, ji. ). 28), when describing the
precise. In the version of the Eusebian Chronicle, devotion of Lucilius to his books, to wluich he coni-
by Jerome, it is recorded that he was born B. C. mitted every secret thought, and which thus present
148, that he died at Naples B. c. 103, in the 46th a complete and vivid picture of his life and cha-
year of his age, and that he received the honour racter, uses the expression
of a public funeral. From the words of Juvenal,
compared with those of Ausonius, we learn that
quo fit ut omnis
Votiva pateat veluti descripta tabella
Suessa of the Aurunci was the place of his nati-
Vita senis
vity ; from Velleius, that he served in the cavalry
under Scipio in the Numantine war; from Horace but the epithet scnis could not with any propriety
and the old scholiast on Horace, that he lived upon be applied to one who died at the age of forty-six.
terms of the most close and playful familiarity with To these arguments we may briefly reply-
Africanus and Laelius ; from Acro and Porphyrio, 1. It can be proved by numerous examples that
that he was either the maternal grand-uncle, or, not only was it common for youths under the
which is less probable, the maternal grandfather of regular military age to serve as volunteers, but that
Pompey the Great. Ancient critics agree that, if such service was frequently compulsory.
This
not absolutely the inventor of Roman satire, he appears clearly from the law passed by C. Gracchus
was the first to mould it into that form which after- B. C. 124, to prevent any one from being forced to
wards assumed consistency, and received full de- enter the army who had not attained to the age of
velopeinent in the hands of Horace, Persius, and seventeen. (See Stevech. ad Veget. i. 7; Liv. xxv.
Juvenal. The first of these three great masters, 5 ; Sigon. de Jure Civ. Rom. i. 15; Manut, de Ley.
while he censures the harsh versification and turbid 12. )
redundancy which resulted from the slovenly haste 2. It is here taken for granted that the Les
with which Lucilius threw off his compositions, Licinia sumptuaria was passed in the year B. c. 98,
and from his impatience of the toil necessary for or rather, perhaps, B. c. 97, in the consulship of
their correction, acknowledges, with the same ad- Cn. Cornelius Lentulus and P. Licinius Crassus.
miration as the two others, the uncompromising But the learned have been long at variance with
boldness of purpose, the fiery vehemence of attack, regard to the date of this enactinent ; Pighius, in
and the trenchant sharpness of stroke which cha- his Annals, and Freinsheim, in his Supplement to
racterised his encounters with the vices and follies Livy (lxiv. 52), refer it to B. c. 112; Wüllner, in
of his contemporaries, who were fearlessly as- his treatise “ De Laevio Poeta," to the praetorship
sailed without respect to the rank, power, or
of Licinius Crassus, B. c. 104, relying chiefly on
numbers of those selected as the most fitting the words of Macrobius (Sat. ii. 13); Bach, in his
objects of hostility. One of the speakers in the history of Roman jnrisprudence, to B. c. 97 ; Gro-
De Oratore praises warmly his learning and wit novius, on A. Gellius, to B. C. 88 ; Meyer, in his
(komo doctus et perurbanus), although in another Collection of the Fragments of Roman Orators, to
piece Cicero, when discoursing in his own person, the second consulship of Pompey and Crassus, B. C.
in some degree qualifies this eulogium ; and pay- 55. It is evident that no conclusion can be drawn
ing a high tribute to his urbanitas, pronounces from a matter on which such a remarkable diver-
his doctrina to be mediocris only. Quintilian, sity of opinion prevails.
however, considered his erudition wonderful, and 3. It is not necessary to interpret senis as an
refused to admit the justice of the other strictures epithet descriptive of the advanced age of the indi-
which had been passed upon his style, declaring vidual. It may, without any violence, relate to
that many persons, although he is himself as far the remote period when he lived, being in this
from agreeing with them as with Horace, considered sense equivalent to priscus or antiquus. Thus when
him superior, not only to all writers of his own we are told that
class, but to all poets whatsoever. (Hieron. in
aufert
Chron. Euscl. Olymp. clviii. 1, clxix. 2; Juv. i. 20;
Pacuvius docti famam senis, Accius alti,
Auson. Epist. xv. 9; Vell. Pat. ii. 9 ; Hor. Sat. ii.
1. 73, &c. ; Plin. H. N. praef; Quintil. x. l; Hor. we do not understand that there is any allusion
Sut, ii. 1. 62, &c. ; Pers. i. 115; Juven. i. 165; l here to the years of the two dramatists, but to their
3 64
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824
LUCILIUS.
LUCILLA.
3
antiquity alone, just as we ourselves speak fami- us, exhibiting throughout great command of lan-
liarly of old Chaucer and old Marlowe.
guage, and containing not a few brilliant passages.
The writings of Lucilius being filled with strange The object proposed is not so much to present a
and obsolete words, proved peculiarly attractive to highly coloured picture of the terrors of an eruption
the grammarians, many of whom devoted them- as to explain upon philosophical principles, after
selves almost exclusively to their illustration. At the fashion of Lucretius, the causes of the various
a very early period the different pieces seem to physical phenomena presented by the volcano, and
have been divided into thirty books, which bore to demonstrate the folly of the popular belief which
the general name of Satirae, each book, in all pro regarded the earthquakes and the fames as pro-
bability, containing several distinct essays. Up duced by the struggles and the fiery breathing of
wards of eight hundred fragments from these have imprisoned giants, or by the anvils and furnaces of
been preserved, but the greater number consist of the swart Cyclopes. With regard to the author
isolated couplets, or single lines, or even parts of all is doubt. The piece was at one time generally
lines, the longest of the relics, which is a defence of supposed to belong to Virgil, in consequence, it
virtue, and is quoted by Lactantius (Instit. Div. would seem, of an expression in the biography of
vi. 5), extending to thirteen verses only. From that poct, which bears the name of Donatus (scrip-
such disjointed scraps, it is almost impossible to sit ctiam, de qua ambigitur, Actnam); some of the
form any judgment with regard to the skill dis- earlier scholars believed it to be the work of Per
played in handling the various topics which in turn tronius, probably from having found it attached to
afforded him a theme; but it is perfectly clear that the MSS. of the Satyricon ; by Julius Scaliger it
his reputation for caustic pleasantry was by no was ascribed to Quintilius Varus ; by Joseph
means unmerited, and that in coarseness and broad Scaliger (and his opinion has found many sup-
personalities he in no respect fell short of the porters), to Cornelius Sevenis (Severus), who
licence of the old comedy, which would seem to is known to have written upon this topic, while
have been, to a certain extent, his model. It is others have imagined that they could detect the
manifest also, that although a considerable portion hand of Manilius or of Claudian. Wernsdorff,
of these remarkable productions were satirical in followed by Jacob, the most recent editor, fixes
the conimonly received acceptation of the term, upon Lucilius Junior, procurator of Sicily, the
that is, were levelled against the vices and follies friend to whom Seneca addresses his Epistles, his
of his age, they embraced a much wider field than Natural Questions, and his tract on Proridence,
that over which Horace permitted himself to range, and whom he strongly urges to select this very
for not only did they comprise dissertations on re- subject of Etna as a theme for his muse. Although
ligion, morals, and criticism, an account of a journey it is perfectly vain, in the absence of all direct
from Rome to Capua, and from thence to the Sici- evidence, to pronounce dogmatically upon the
lian Strait, which evidently served as a model for question of authorship, we may, from a careful
the celebrated journey to Brundisium ; but a large examination of the style, language, and allusions,
part of one book, the ninth, was occupied with dis- decide with certainty that it is not a production of
quisitions on orthography, and other grammatical the Augustan age, and therefore cannot be assigned
technicalities. The theme of his sixteenth book to Severus; but whether it belongs to the Neronian
was his mistress Collyra, to whom it was inscribed. epoch, or to a much later date, as Barthius main-
Of the thirty books, the first twenty and the tains, it is impossible to determine.
thirtieth appear to have been composed entirely in (Donatus, Vit. Virg. 7; Vincent. Bellovac. Specul.
heroic hexameters; the remaining nine in iambic Histor, vii. 62, xx. 20 ; Jacob Magn. Sopholog. iv.
and trochaic measures. There are, it is true, several 10; Jul. Scalig. Hypercrit. 7 ; Jos. Scalig. Not. in
apparent exceptions, but these may be ascribed to Aetnam ; Barth. Advers. xlix. 6, ad Stat. Theb. X.
some error in the number of the book as quoted by 911; Senec. Epist. Ixxix. ; comp. Ep. xix. Quaest.
the grammarian, or as copied by the transcriber. Natural, iv. praef. )
(W. R. )
The fragments of Lucilius were first collected by LUCILLA, A'NNIA, daughter of M. Aurelius
Robert and Henry Stephens, and printed in the and the younger Faustina, was born about A. D.
Fragmenta Poetarum Veterum Latinorum, 8vo. 147. Upon the death of Antoninus Pius, in A. D.
Paris, 1564. They were published separately, 161, she was betrothed to the emperor, L. Verus,
with considerable additions, by Franciscus Dousa, who was at that time setting out upon an expedi-
Lug. Bat. 4to. 1597, whose edition was reprinted tion against the Parthians, and joined her husband
by the brothers Volpi, 8vo. Patav. 1735; and, at Ephesus three years later. After his death,
along with Censorinus, by the two sons of Haver- which happened in A. D. 169, hastened, according
camp, Lug. Bat. 8vo. 1743. They will be found to Capitolinus (M. Aurel. c. 26), by poison from
attached to the Bipont Persius, 8vo. 1785; to the her hands, she was given in marriage to Claudius
Persius of Achaintre, 8vo. Paris, 1811, and are Pompeianus, a native of Antioch, who, although of
included in the Corpus Poetarum Latinorum of M. equestrian rank only, was much esteemed on ac-
Maittaire, fol. Lond. 1713, vol. ii. p. 1496. (A count of his great abilities and high character.
nuinber of the controverted points with regard to Lucilla accompanied M. Aurelius to the East at
the life and writings of Lucilius have been investi- the period of the rebellion of Avidius Cassius; and
gated with great industry by Varges in his Speci- after her father's death, was treated with much
men Quaestionum Lucilianarum, published in the distinction by her brother, Commodus; but being
Rheinisches Museum for 1835, p. 13. Consult | jealous of the superior honours paid to his empress,
also Bayle's Dictionary, art. Lucile; Fr. Wüllner, Crispina, and eager to get rid of a husband, whom
de Laevio Poeta, 8vo. Monast. 1830 ; and Van she despised, as far inferior to herself, she engaged
Heusde, Studia Critica in C. Lucilium, 8vo. Traj. in a plot against the life of the prince, which, having
ad Rhen. 1842. )
(W. R. ] been detected, she was banished to the island of
LUCILIUS JUNIOR, a poem in 640 hex- Capreae, and there put to death, about the year
anueters, entitled Aetna, has been transmitted to A. D. 183. The story of her baving been accessery
## p. 825 (#841) ############################################
LUCILLUS.
825
LUCJUS.
02112
Cose
to the death of Verus rests upon no good evidence, | Alexandria, appear to have been the source of
but in general profligacy she seenis to have been most of the later collections of the kind. Thus
a worthy descendant of the Faustinae, and a worthy Zenobius expressly states that he collected his pro-
sister to Commodus.
verbs from Lucillus and Didymus. The proverbs
Historians do not expressly mention that she had of Lucillus are also quoted by Tzetzes (Chil. viii.
children by her first husband ; yet the legend, 149), by Apostolius, and by Stephanus (s. v. Tappa,
Fecunditas, which appears upon some of her reading Auúria dos for Acúkios, comp. s. v. Kárapva;
medals, although the date of these may be uncer- Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol.
