No More Learning

, 492;
432; victory of Klokonitsa, 428, 440;
478; 491; Manichaeans in, 498; and
Theodore II, 501 sq. ; and Michael VIII,
510; 511; defeat at Velbužd, 538; over-
run by Turks, 555, 557; 571; finally con-
quered, 560 sq. ; 617; 624; 659; and
John V, 666; 669 sq. ; 672 sq. ; and Bāya-
zid I, 674; 678; and Mūsà, 685; 687;
689; and Murad II, 691; 733 sq. ; Bul-
garian officials of Byzantium, 736; 746;
Bulgarians at Constantinople, 750; trade
with Constantinople, 762; influence of
Byzantium on, 776; Table of rulers, 590;
khans of, see Bayan, Boris, Isparich,
Kardam, Kormisosh, Kovrat, Krum,
Omurtag, Presiam, Sabin, Telerig, Telets,
Tervel, Toktu; tsars of, see Boril, Boris,
Constantine, Gabriel, George, John, Kali.
man, Kalojan, Michael, Peter, Samuel,
Shishman, Simeon, Theodore; arch-
bishop of, see John Camaterus, Theophy-
lact; see also Bulgars
Bulgarian Chronicle, 544 note
• Bulgaroctonus,” epithet of Basil II, q. v.
Bulgarópbygos, Bulgarian victory at, 237
Bulgars, Chap. VII A, original home of, 184;
and Justinian II, 185; trade and coinage,
193; political organization, 194; and
Magyars, 198 sq. ; migrate to Balkans,
200; and Svyatoslav of Kiev, 208, 213;
and Vladimir, 202 sqq. ; and St Cyril, 221,
223; Black Bulgars, 185; White (Silver)
· Bulgars, 192 sq. ; 637
Bulotes, Manuel, ambassador of Emperor
John VIII to the Pope, 621
Bulunyās, see Balanea
Bundārī, on date of Sultan Sanjar's birth,
311
Buondelmonti, see Esau
Burdas (Burtas), Chazar tribe, 192 sqg.
Burdas river, see Samara
Burgas, town of Thrace, 212; 667 note
Burgundy, see La Roche family; duke of,
at La Crémonie, 441; at battle of Nicopo-
lis, 675 sq. ; fleet of, 571; see Louis
Būrī, Atābeg of Duqāq, 315
Būrid dynasty of Syria, 314 sq.
Burkan Khaldun, burial-place of Mangu
Khan, 645
Burma, Mongols in, 646
Burtas, see Burdas


## p. 923 (#965) ############################################

Index
923
Burtasians (foxhides), export of, by the
Burdas, 192
Burtzes, Constantine, disgraced by Emperor
Constantine VIII, 97
Burtzes, Michael, 84; takes Antioch, 146;
147; defeated by Egyptians, 149
Burtzes, Michael, conspires against Emperor
Michael VI, 320
Bury, Professor, on Emperor Michael IV,
105
Busta Gallorum, Byzantine victory of, 386
Butera, in Sicily, surrenders to Saracens,
137
Butrinto, Venetian naval victory at, 409;
castle of, 448; Bulgarian bishopric of,
243
Butumites, general of Emperor Alexius I,
341, 343
Buwaih, founder of Persian dynasty, 301
Buwaibids, Persian dynasty, 276 sq. ; 300;
302; 304; founded, 301
Buyur, lake, Chinese defeat Mongols at,
649
Būzhān, general of Malik Shāh, and Em.
peror Alexius I, 331
Byblus, see Jiblab
Byzantium, see Constantinople
Byzantius, Nicetas, teaches in University
under Emperor Constantine IX, 114
Cabasilas, the, Byzantine mystical writers,
766
Cadalus, bishop of Parma, chosen anti-
Pope (Honorius II), 597
Cadi (Muslim judge), 284; among Chazars,
191; at Constantinople, 675
Cadmea, castle of, at Thebes, 443; 446
Caesar, title, 730; see Alexius, Andronicus I,
Bardas, Bryennius, Ducas, John-Roger;
uncles of Emperor Constantine VI, 19, 23
sq. ; title bestowed on Bulgarian prince,
213; in Serbia, 542 sq. ; assumed by Gabalas
of Rhodes, 488; 13; 61; 104; 118; 321 ;
Caesars of Rome, 261, 626, 726; see also
Tsar
Caesarea in Cappadocia (Qaisarīyah), Nice-
phorus II proclaimed at, 71, 145; Bardas
Phocas proclaimed at, 81; 85 sq. ; in
Saracen wars, 120, 122, 167; 177; ruled
by Dānishmandites, 315, 365; Crusaders
at, 338; metropolitan of, see Basil, Mark
Caesarea in Palestine, taken by Emperor
John I, 148
Caesaropapism, doctrines of, in Byzantine
Church, 246
Cairo, 181; founded by Fātimids, 302; cul.
ture at, 629, 642; Abbasid Caliphate of,
279; 644
Calabria, province of, 4; remains Eastern,
36; 135; 141; diocese of, placed under
Patriarch of Constantinople, 10; 259;
hellenization of, 266; Norman, 597; theme
of, 733; Byzantine monks in, 737
Calabrian admiral of Theodore I, 482 ;
origin of Barlaam, 615
Calamus, Turks at, 657
Calaphates, see Michael V, Emperor
Calicadnus, river, Frederick Barbarossa
drowned in, 172
Caliphate, of Baghdad, Chap. x (A); see
Caliphs; and Armenia, 156, 158, 160 sq. ;
disintegration and decay of, 131, 139, 151,
300 sq. ; 642; decline in revenue of, 151
note; frontier system of, 132; war with
rulers of Aleppo, 143; 188; theory of the
Caliphate, 275, 281 sq. , 641; destroyed by
Mongols, 642, 654; Ottoman Sultans
heirs of, 642; Egyptian Caliphate, decay
of, 376; see Khalifah
Caliphs, see 'Ali, Omar I, Othman
Caliphs, Abbasids of Baghdad, see Amin,
Hārūn-ar-Rashid, Mahdi, Ma'mūn, Man.
şūr, Muhtadi, Muqtadi, Muqtadir, Mus.
takfī, Musta şim, Mustazhir, Mu'tadid,
Mu'tamid, Mu'tasim, Mutawakkil, Muti',
Qādir, Qa'im, Řādi, Saffāḥ, Wathiq;
10; 86
Caliphs, Fātimids, see Đākim, Mahdi,
Mu'izz, 'Ubaid-Allāh, Zāhir
Caliphs, Umayyads of Damascus, see His-
hām, Marwān II, Omar II, Sulaiman,
Walid II, Yazid II
Calixtus II, Pope, and Emperor John II,
354 sq. , 596, 600
Calixtus III, Pope, and Hunyadi, 576
Callimachus, 691 note
Callinicus, inventor of Greek fire, 743
Callistus, Patriarch of Constantinople, and
Pope Innocent VI, 617
Calocyrus, the patrician, and Russians, 208
Caloprini, Stefano, and Emperor Otto II, 404
Caloprini, Venetian faction, 403 sq.
Caltabellotta, in Sicily, tributary to Saracens,
136; revolts, 137
Caltagirone, in Sicily, sacked by Saracens,
136
Caltavuturo, in Sicily, and Saracens, 137
Camacha, fortress of, in Saracen wars, 120,
122 sq. , 125, 127, 131 sq.
Camaterus, Gregory, logothete under Em-
peror John II, 352
Camaterus, John, Patriarch, see John
Camaterus, John, prefect of Constantinople,
conspires against Mary of Antioch, 380
Cambalu (Pekin, Daitu, Taitu, Tatu, Khan
Balig), founded by Kublai Khan, 647; cap-
tured by Chinese, 649; university of, 629
Cambini, on siege of Constantinople, 702
Cameniates, John, on siege of Salonica, 142
Camerino, battle of, 379
Campagna, the, revolts against Emperor
Leo III, 9; Roman barons of, 258
Campofregoso, Pietro di, Genoese admiral,
in Cyprus, 470
Campulung, Wallachian colony at, 540
Canale, Venetian admiral, 466
Candia (Chandax), Saracen stronghold in
Crete, 36; captured by Nicephorus II, 69
sq. ; seat of Venetian governor, 433; cap-
tured by Turks, 472


## p. 924 (#966) ############################################

924
Index
Candiani, Venetian noble family, 399; ab.
solutism of, 407; see Peter
Canicleum, convent of, 68
Canina, occupied by Normans, 329; 342;
bishopric of, 243
Canon Law (Nomocanones), Byzantine col-
lections of, 229; 711; 715; 718; 723 sq. ;
in Serbia, 547
Cantacuzene family, 711
Cantacuzene, admiral of Emperor Alexius I,
341
Cantacuzene, John, see John VI, Emperor
Cantacuzene, Manuel, see Manuel
Cantacuzene, Matthew, and Turks, 553;
666 sq.
Cantacuzene, Theodore, sent by Manuel II
to Paris, 618
Cantemir, 667 note; on exploits of Mahomet
II, 704
Caopena, Catalan family in Aegina, 465
Caorle, settlement of, 386; bishopric of, 387;
412
Capella Palatina, at Palermo, mosaics at,
777
Capello Zen, at Venice, 397
Capistrano, Franciscan friar, at siege of Bel.
grade, 576
Capitol, the, at Constantinople, 748
Capo d'Istria, and Venice, 412
Cappadocia, clisura of, 39; 69; 85; 95; in
Saracen wars, 121 sq. , 125 sq. , 128, 145;
153; 166; ruled by Seljūgs, 315; 320;
374; overrun by Mongols, 175, 177, 689;
670; 740; monks in, 753; emir of, see
Hasan, Pulchas, also Dānishmand
Cappello, Victor, Venetian admiral, in Tur.
kish war, 466
Captains, Serbian title, 542
Capua, Prince of, see Robert
Carabisiani, the, theme of, 732, 742
Carantenus, Theodore, admiral of Basil II,
85
Carbeas, Paulician chief, 42, 133
Carbonupsina, see Zoë
Carceri, dalle, see Giberto, Niccold, Ravano
Cardicon, Greek stronghold, taken by Turks,
690
Caria, emir of, allied with Byzantines, 662;
670; independent of Ottomans, 684; 753
Carlo I, Tocco, Count of Cephalonia, disputes
for Corinth, 458; conquers Epirus and
Joannina, 461; 475
Carlo II, Tocco, ruler of Epirus, dethroned
by Turks, 461; 475
Carlo Thopia, Albanian chief, 553, 583
Carmathians, attack Egyptians at Antioch,
147; revolt against Caliphate, 276
Carniola, 578
Carolingian Empire, 213; renaissance, 777
Carosus, Venetian tribune, conspires against
doge, 397
Carpathian mountains, 200, 210; Turkish
defeats on, 571; 637
Carpathos, held by Turkish pirates, 657
Casis, captured by Saracens, 123
Caspax, admiral of Alexius I, 339
Caspian Gate, 187
Caspian Sea, boundary of Armenia, 153;
186; 188; trade on, 193; 198; 201; Rus-
sian raids on, 206; 274; 277; 295; 490;
630 sq. ; 633; 636; 651 sq. ; 762
Cassandria, Genoese privileges at, 511
Cassiodorus,letter of, concerning Venetia,385
Cassiopo, victory of Venetian feet at, 409
Cassiteras, see Theodotus
Castamon (Castamona), Comnenian lands
near, 318; captured by John II, 357
Castamunites, plots against Emperor Alexius
I, 342
Castel dell'Uovo, at Naples, 452, 567
Castello, Venetian island (Olivolo), 392, 400
Castelnuovo (Novi), founded by Tvrtko I of
Bosnia, 557; 564; 582
Castel Tornese, see Chloumoutsi
Castoria, occupied by Normans, 329; ceded
to Emperor John III, 494
Castriota, George, see Skanderbeg
Castrogiovanni, see Enna
Catacalon Cecaumenus, see Cecaumenus
Catalan, Grand Company, in Asia, 449,
657 sqq. ; win battle of Cephisus, and seize
duchy of Athens, 431, 450 sqq. ; 453;
degeneration of, 455; 456; in Monem.
vasia, 464; in Greece, 474, 614; Catalan
trade with Constantinople, 762; see Mun.
taner, Roger de Flor
Catania, Byzantines defeated at, 135; raided
by Saracens, 137
Catapan, office of, 733 sq. ; in Attalia, 742;
see Argyrus, Boiannes
Cataphracts, Byzantine heavy cavalry, 740
Caterina Cornaro, Queen of Cyprus, cedes
it to Venice, 466, 471, 477
Catherine of Bulgaria, wife of Isaac I, 322;324
Catherine of Valois, titular Latin Empress,
marries Philip of Taranto, 452 sq. ; Accia-
juolo and, 454; 534 sq. ; 474, 476
Catherine Vukčić, marries Stephen Thomas
of Bosnia, 575; escapes to Rome, 581;
death of, 581
Cattaro, 535; 537; 542; 545; 547; Serbian
mint at, 550; captured by Tvrtko I, 557;
559; Venetian, 564 sq. , 567; 574; cathe-
dral at, 527; Bocche di, the, 517,556 sq.
Cauca, ceded to Bohemond of Antioch, 343
Caucasian languages, 195; Caucasians in
Byzantine Empire, 773
Caucasus, boundary of Empire under Basil II,
96; Goths in, 184; 187 sq. ; 190; 638
Cauleas, see Anthony
Cavalry, Byzantine, 739 sq.
Cavarzere, revolts against Venice, 404 sq.
Cavazuccherina (Equilio Jesolo), settlement
of, 386
Cayeux, see Anseau de
Cayster, river, 684
Cecaumenus, Catacalon, dismissed by Michael
VI, 117; at battle of Petroë, 118; crown
offered to, 320; plots against Alexius I,
333


## p. 925 (#967) ############################################

Index
925
Cecaumenus, treatise of, 773; on Byzantine
fleet, 742; 774
Cedrenus, the chronicler, on Constantine
VII, 66; on foundation of Sarkel, 192; 233
note; 239 note; on waterfall of Vodena,
241; 765
Cefalù in Sicily, 136; captured by Saracens,
137; 138; mosaics at, 777
Celestine III, Pope, sends crown to Leo the
Great of Armeno-Cilicia, 172
“Celts from beyond the Alps,” trade of, with
Constantinople, 762; with Salonica, 770
Ceneda, bishop of, opposes Venice, 404
Centarch of the Spatharii, assistant of the
strategus, 734
Centurione, Zaccaria, becomes Prince of
Achaia, 459; defeated by Thomas Palaeo.
logus, 460; 474
Ceos, 484
Cephalonia, and Normans, 330; occupied by
Venetians, 354, 467; Orsini family in, 432,
473; Franciscans in, 438; 446; held by
John of Gravina, 453; 455; 457; taken by
Turks, 466; counts of, see Table, 475 sq. ;
theme of, 39, 733, 742; praetor of, see
Paul
Cephisus, the, battle of, 431; 450 sqq. , 455
Cerasus, Turkish defeat at, 656; trade with
Constantinople, 762
Cerdagne, count of, see William-Jordan
Ceremonies, Book of, by Constantine VII, 58;
67; 142; 144; 746; 754
Cerigo, ravaged by Sicilian fleet, 368; be-
comes Venetian seigniory, 421, 436; re-
covered for Michael VIII, 445; Venetian
colony, 457, 465 sq. ; Byzantine fleet de-
stroyed off, 488; 475
Cerigotto, island of, becomes Venetian seig-
niory, 436; becomes Byzantine, 445
Cerines, Cypriote fortress, 471
Certosa, the, at Florence, 454
Cerularius, see Michael
Cesarini, Cardinal Julian, killed at Vama,
572; at Council of Ferrara, 622; and
Treaty of Szegedin, 571, 624, 691
Cetina, the, ceded to Bosnia, 556; 587
Cetinje, made capital of Montenegro, 587
Ceylon, trade with Constantinople, 762
Chagri Beg, ruler of the Seljūgs, 304 sq. ;
314
Chalandritza in Greece, 460
Chalcedon, 78; 667; Council of, 155; metro-
politan of; see Léo
Chalcidice, peninsula of, 141
Chalcis (Negropont), see Negropont
Chalcocondyles, kinsman of Duchess of
Athens, 462
Chalcocondyles (Chalcondyles), Demetrius,
Athenian scholar, 462
Chalcocondyles (Chalcondyles), Laonikos,
Athenian historian, 461 sq. , 474; 558
note; 579 note; 659; 671 note; 677 note;
685 note; 688 note; 692 note; 695 note; 700
note, 765
Chalcondyles, see Chalcocondyles
Chalcutzes, Nicetas, conquers Cyprus, 145
Chaldaïsm, Michael Cerularius accused of,
323
Chaldeans, the, and Pope Eugenius IV, 623;
see Nestorian
Chaldia, theme of, 39, 733; trade with Con.
stantinople, 762
Chamáretos, John, in Laconia, 434
Chamber of Loans (Camera degli imprestidi)
at Venice, 413
Chamorlu, battle of, 563
Champagne, see Theobald; marshal of, see
Villebardouin
Champlitte, see Robert, William
Chandax, see Candia
Chapar Khan, Mongol ruler, 641
Charices, rebels against Alexius I, 331
Charisius, gate of, see Hadrianople Gate
Charistikarioi, beneficiaries of monastic re-
venues, 349
Charlemagne, Emperor of the West, and the
Lombards 18 sq. ; and Empress Irene, 20,
22, 24; crowned Emperor, 24; and Nice.
phorus I, 36; 226; 385; and Venice, 392
sqq. ; embassy to Constantinople, 393;
signs treaty of Aix, 395; 396
Charles Martel, victory of, at Poitiers, 2; and
Pope Gregory III, 10; 391 sq.
Charles III the Fat, Emperor of the West,
and Venice, 399 sq.
Charles I (of Anjou), King of Naples, and
Achaia, 444; becomes Prince of Achaia,
446, 448; 496; and Emperor John IV, 513
note; plans to recover the Latin Empire,
527, 596; and Emperor Michael VIII, 610
sqq. ; 474 ; 476
Charles II, King of Naples, 446; and suze.
rainty of Greece, 448, 474, 476
Charles III, King of Naples, Lord of Corfù,
476
Charles IV the Fair, King of France, and
Andronicus II, 614
Charles V, King of France, and John V,
618
Charles VI, King of France, and Theodore
Cantacuzene, 618, 678
Charles of Valois, and the Latin Empire,
534, 614
Charlotte, titular Queen of Cyprus, 466, 471;
477
Charsianum, theme of, 39, 733 sq. ; troops
of, 137; victory of Sclerus at, 86; fortress
of, taken by Saracens, 120; Saracens de-
feated at, 129; 134
Chartularii, office of, 730
Chartulary of the Sakellion, office of, 731
Chartulary of the Theme, assistant of the
strategus, 734
Chatalar, inscription at, 235
Chatalja, near Constantinople, 234
Chateaumorant, defends Constantinople,
Chatillon, see Reginald
Chaucer, and dukes of Athens, 442
Chazars, Turkish tribe, 38; 42; Cyril's mis.
677 sq.


## p. 926 (#968) ############################################

926
Index
sion to, 44, 219 sq. ; 122; invade Armenia,
126; 187; Chazar Empire, 187 sqq. ; re-
ligious tolerance of, 191; 192 sqq. ; 199;
and Russian trade, 201; 203; decline of,
207; 210; in Byzantine army, 738, 750;
Leo the Chazar, see Leo IV, Emperor
Cheimarra, Bulgarian bishopric, 243
Xelávdia, Chelandia (Zalandria) (Byzantine
bireme), 398 note, 743
Chelebi, “gentleman,” epithet applied to
Mahomet 1, 688
Chelidonia in Lycia, Saracen fleet destroyed
off, 131
Chemishgadzak (Hierapolis), birthplace of
John I, 78
Chemshkik, Chemishgig, real name of Tzi-
misces, 78
Chena, Turkish defeat at, 656
Chêpina, Bulgarian fortress, ceded to Theo.
dore II, 502, 525
Cheremises, Ugrian tribe, 194
Cherkesses, see Kasogs
Chernigov, destroyed by Mongols, 637; see
Rostislav
Cherson (Korsun), 19; and Justinian II, 189;
192; 208; ceded to Vladimir the Great,
209; St Cyril at, 220; 264; beld by Turks,
659; theme of, 39, 733; bishop of, 32;
ancient Greek colony (Chersonesus), 183
Chidmas (Chingylus), river, in Magyar terri-
tory, 195
Chiftliks, Turkish military lands, 674
Chiliandarion, death of Stephen Nemanja
at, 518
China, Chinese Empire, 185; 198; and
Mongols, 279, 628 sq. , 632 sqq. , 636, 644
sqq. ; Kublai Khan's government of, 647
sq. ; Mongols expelled from, 649; and
Tīmūr, 651, 686; Mongol massacres in,
634; Chinese derivation of us Mongol,”
630; Chinese annals, 187, 632; Keraits in,
650; Muslim trade with, 286; 631; trade
with Constantinople, 762; see Kin, Ming,
Sung
Chinardo, lord of Corfù, 476
Chingylus, see Chidmas
Chioggia (Clugies major), settlement of, 386;
captured by Pepin, 394
Chios (Scio), 81, 110; and Venetians, 354,
371, 411; Venetian disaster at, 413; in
Latin Empire, 421; taken by Emperor
John III, 428, 487; Genoese in, 431, 465,
467, 511, 616, 672, 684; Zaccaria family
in, 455; Turks in, 468, 654, 657; 672;
675; archbishop of, see Leonard
Chirmen, near Hadrianople, 555; see Maritza
Chliara, 344; fortified by Emperor Manuel,
378; conferred on Hospitallers, 480
Chloumoûtsi (Clermont, Castel Tornese),
castle of, built by Geoffrey II, 439, 441,
473; Constantine Palaeologus at, 460;
bishop of, see Stephen
Choirokoitia, victory of, 470
Choisy, on Byzantine art, 768
Choki, Tartar chief, and Bulgaria, 530 sq.
Chonae, given to Mavrozómes, 482; ceded
by Seljūgs to Theodore II, 504
Chonarium, defeat of Michael III by Sara-
cens at, 46, 133
Choniates, see Nicetas
Chora, abbot of, 32; see Constantinople,
churches of
Chorene, see Moses of
Chorlu (Tzurulum), 327; 421; 429 sq. ; cap-
tured by Latins, 490; by John III, 493;
by Turks, 667
Chosroes I Nūshirwan, Sasanid King of
Persia, builds the Caspian Gate against
the Chazars, 187
Chosroes II, Sasanid King of Persia, 280
Chozan, theme of, 733
Chrabr, monk, on Slav script, 222
Chresianus, Bardas Phocas proclaimed Em-
peror at, 87
Christian of Mayence, arch-chancellor of
Frederick I, 379
Christianity and image worship, 6; the
Eastern Empire its champion against Is-
lām, 25; Leo III on Christianity and pa-
ganism, 30; brought to the Slavs, 44;
215 sqq. ; Bulgarians, 235 sqq. , 45; Vla-
dimir of Russia converted, 90, 207 sqq. ;
conversion of the Magyars, 213 sqq. ; the
Chazars and, 190 sq. , 219 sqq. ; character
of Byzantine Christianity, 774; under
Islām, 287 sqq. ; 316; see Crusades; Mon.
gols and, 493, 640; under Mahomet II,
625; under early Sultans, 661, 663
Christodulus of Patmos, St, monastic re-
former, and Alexius I, 349; 754
Christopher, son of Romanus I, crowned by
his father, 61; death, 63
Christopher, son-in-law of Basil I, 51
Christopher, Patriarch of Antioch, 80
Christopher, bishop of Olivolo, 393
Christópolis (Kavala), Lombards in, 426 sq. ;
pass of, 541; see also Kavala
Christos Philanthropos, monastery of,
Alexius I buried at, 347
“ Chronicle of the Morea,” found at Thebes,
454; quoted on prosperity of Achaia, 445;
473 sq. ; 509 note
Chrysoberges, see Nicholas
Chrysochir, Paulician leader, 139
Chrysopolis, 20; 55; 72; victory of Basil II
at, 88; 124; 322; abbot of, 32
Chrysostom, St John, speeches of, 237; and
Byzantine learning, 758
Chrysotriclinium, Imperial throne-room,
see under Constantinople
Chudes, Slavonic tribe, 209
Chumnus, Michael, nomophylax of the
School at Constantinople, 720, 724
Church, Armenian, its solidarity, 153, 155
sq. , 182; 163; 167; see Messalians; at.
tempts to unite it with Roman Church,
172; 178; 180; and Byzantine Church,
259; 737; Alexius I and, 350; Manuel
and, 363, 376; Patriarch accepts Union of
Florence, 623; see Councils, Katholikos


## p. 927 (#969) ############################################

Index
927
Church, Bulgarian; foundation of, 235 sq. ;
45; and the Papacy, 47, 236, 252 sq. ,
520, 612; obtains Patriarchate, 238, 523;
and Romanus I, 62, 238; and John I, 240;
and Basil II, 94, 243, 259; under Tsar
John Alexander, 548; subordinate to Pa-
triarch of Constantinople, 53, 560; auto-
cephalia of, 595; 736; see Councils
Church, Byzantine (Orthodox), 26; church
property and taxation, 27; Church and
State, 25, 31; Photian schism, 248 sqq. ,
47, 53 sq. , 56; and Leo V's marriages,
57, 62, 256 sq. ; and Nicephorus II, 73 sqq. ,
91; Schism with Rome, 112 sqq. , Chaps.
IX, XIX; and Armenian Church, 156, 363;
and Russian Church, 207; and Isaac I,
323; and Alexius I, 332, 349; and Manuel
I, 363 sq. ; and Roman Church, 333, 345,
497; Latin oppression of, 423, 437, 446,
451; Theodore I and, 486 sqq. ; schism
with Epirus, 496; John II and, 498;
Theodore II and, 505; and Bulgarian
Church, 236, 523, 560; in Cyprus, 471;
in Crete, 472; Serbian Patriarchate and,
548, 551, 554; and Moldavia, 568; and
unification of Empire, 737; power of,
751 sqq. ; preachers and theologians of,
766; relations with Papacy, Chaps. Ix,
XIX; see also Canon Law, Christianity,
Councils, Iconoclasm, Moechian, Monas-
ticism, Patriarchate, Studion
Church, Serbian, sees of, 90; use of Slavonic
liturgy, 229; autocephalous, 487, 498,
521 sq. , 528, 537, 595; its Patriarch at
Ipek, 542; 554; 578; and Council of Lyons,
. 612
Church, Latin, see Latin, Roman
Cibyrrhaeots, theme of, 3, 35, 733, 742, 744;
123, 125; strategus of, see Craterus
Cilicia, campaigns of Nicephorus II in, 70,
74, 78, 145 sqq. ; fighting in, 120, 123, 126;
128 sqq. ; 140, 142; Saracen province of,
132; 153; 187; John II's campaign in,
348, 353, 359 sq. ; Crusaders in, 338, 341,
343; 360; 365; 367; 374; 376; Androni.
cus Comnenus in, 373, 375, 381; Cyprus
and, 470; Turkish tribes in, 653; finally
annexed by Turks, 182; Mamlūks invade,
669; see Armeno-Cilicia
Cilician Gates, frontier fighting at, 120, 124
sqq. , 131; 140; 653
Cimmerian Bosphorus, 185; Jews of, 190;
205; see Bosphorus
Cinnamus, Byzantine chronicler, 351; 362 ;
602; 765
Circassian Mamlūks at Damascus, 680
Cistercians, in Greece, 438
Civitate, Leo IX made prisoner at, 268
Civita Vecchia, bishop of, see Orbevieto
Civitot (Gemlik), fortress of, built by Alex-
ius I, 331 ; 336; disaster of Crusaders at,
337; and Theodore I, 483; taken by
Orkhān, 665; sacked by Timūr, 683
Clans, in ancient Bulgaria and modern Al-
bania, 231
Clari, see Robert of
Claudias, taken by Constantine V from the
Saracens, 122
Claudiopolis, bishop of, see Thomas
Clavijo, Ruy Gonzalez de, ambassador to
Timūr, 640; 650
Clazomenae, 488
ClementIV, Pope, and Michael VIII, 610, 612
Clement V, Pope, and Stephen Uroš II, 534;
638
Clement VI, Pope, and Armenia, 180; and
union with Byzantine Church, 615 sq.
Clement, St, relics of discovered by St Cyril,
220, 224, 250
Clement the Slav, supposed author of “Pan.
nonian” Legends of SS. Methodius and
Cyril, 217 note
Clermont, Council of, 410, 599
Clermont, see Chloumoûtsi
Clisurae (military governments), 39, 734
Clisurarchs, 734
Clugies major, see Chioggia
Clugies minor, see Sottomarina
Cluny, abbey of and Pope John XIX, 262
sq. ; see Bernard, Peter
Cobidas, commentator on the Digest, 707
Coco, James, attempts to destroy Turkish
fleet in Golden Horn, 700
Code of Justinian, Chap. xxn passim; 5,
52, 58 sq. , 369
Coela, port of, 376
Coinage of Byzantium, 39; of Isaac I, 322;
debasement of, 348; Theodore I and, 487;
of Nicene Emperors, 514; of Trebizond,
516; of Bulgars, 193; Arab coins in Rus-
sia, 201, 206; Persian coins in Russia,
193; coinage expedients of Latin Emper-
ors, 420, 429; of Neopatras, 449; of Latin
princes of Greece, 439, 441, 451 sq. ; of
Lesbos, 465; counterfeit coinage of Stephen
Uroš II, 535; Serbian mint, 550; Bosnian
coinage, 550, 556; of Duke of Spalato,
566; coins of Semendria, 569; currency of
Kublai Khan, 630, 640, 647; of Orkhān,
663; copper currency in India, 651; Ven.
etian right to coin, 400, 514; in Cyprus,
469; see Bezant, Keration, Nomisma,
Solidus
Colbigni, foreign mercenaries in Byzantine
army, 347
Collectio Canonum, part of Syntagma, 723
Collectio Constitutionum Ecclesiasticarum
Tripertita, 711
Collectio XXV Capitulorum, 711
Collectio LXXXVII Capitulorum, 711
Cologne, archbishop of, and Photius, 249;
see Gero; 336; marks of, 414
Colonea, military government of, 39; 733;
381; see Theodore
Colonies, Byzantine, 736
Comacchio, defeat of Byzantine fleet at, 394;
salt trade at, 396, 399; coveted by Venice,
399; sacked and taken, 400
Comana, conquered by Ghāzi, 357
Comania (Kūmistān), in Persia, 631


## p. 928 (#970) ############################################

928
Index
Comitatus, comites, in Hungary, 215
Comitopouloi, “Young Counts,” the sons of
Shishman of Bulgaria, 240
Commagene, 2
Comne, original home of the Comneni, 318
Comnena, see Anna
Comneni, dynasty, Chaps. XI, XO; 82 sq. ;
118; 318, 378; end of, 384; 421; found
Empire of Trebizond and despotat of
Epirus, 423; 424; 428; 479 sq. ; and Bul.
garia, 245; and the Church, 603; 724;
726, 728, 733, 737 sqq. ; court of, 756;
churches built by, 753, 770; renaissance
under, 769; see Alexius, Andronicus,
Epirus, Isaac, John, Manuel, Michael
Angelus, Trebizond
Comnenus, Alexius, eldest son of John II,
death of, 361
Comnenus, Alexius, natural son of Manuel,
380
Comnenus, Alexius, Protosebastos, nephew
of Manuel, and favourite of Mary of An.
tioch, 380
Comnenus, Andronicus, son of Alexius I,
346
Comnenus, Andronicus, son of John II, 361,
363, 376, 380
Comnenus, Arianites, see Arianites
Comnenus, David, brother of Alexius I of
Trebizond, successes of, 425, 480; de.
feated by Theodore I, 482; Latin Empire
and, 483; death of, 485
Comnenus, Isaac, see Isaac I Comnenus,
Emperor
Comnenus, Isaac, brother of Alexius I, 326
Concordia, on Venetian mainland, 386
Conon of Béthune, governs Latin Empire,
427
Conrad II, the Salic, Emperor of the West,
embassy of to Constantine VIII, 97; and
Venice, 407 sq.
Conrad III, King of the Romans, and John II,
360 sq. , 365; at Second Crusade, 366 sqq. ;
369
Conrad, Moravian prince, 356
Conrad of Montferrat, 379
Conrad of Wittelsbach, archbishop of May.
ence, at coronation of Leo the Great of
Armeno-Cilicia, 172
Conradin, last of the Hohenstaufen, 444
Constance, Council of, Byzantine embassy
at, 619; canon of, see John of Ragusa
Constance of Aragon, wife of Leo V of
Armeno-Cilicia, 179
Constance of Hohenstaufen (Anna), wife of
Emperor John III, 429, 495; her varied
career,
496
Constance, Princess of Antioch, daughter of
Bohemond, 359; and Manuel, 373; 381
Constans II, Emperor, 230 note
Constantine the Great, Emperor, 24; sup-
posed ancestor of Basil I, 49; 318; 489;
542; 679; 729; 754
Constantine III, Emperor, visits Armenia,
156
Constantine IV (Pogonatus), Emperor, de-
feated by the Bulgarians, 230
Constantine V Copronymus, Emperor, birth
and coronation, 3; succeeds his father,
11; character, 12; internal administra-
tion, 13, 4; organizes army, 4; military
exploits, 12, 121 sg. ; war against Bulgars,
13, 231 sq. ; struggle with image worship,
13 sqq. ; Novels, 708, 710; loses Italy, 18;
death of, 19; 20; 29; 73; his leniency to
Arab prisoners, 122; marriage to Chazar
princess, 189
Constantine VI, Emperor, 19; proposal for
his marriage, 20; struggle with his mother,
22 sq. ; marriage with Maria, 22; marries
Theodote, 23, 28; his character, 22; con-
quered and blinded by Irene, 24; im.
personated, 35; campaigns against Arabs,
125, and Bulgarians, 232, 256; Novels,
710
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, Emperor,
birth and baptism, 57, 256; crowned, 257;
character, 59, 66; marriage to Helena,
61; personal government, 63; family
circle, 64; poisoned, 65; and religious
affairs, 65; and Papacy, 260; administra-
tion, 66; literary works, 67; death, 67;
Saracen campaigns, 142 sq. ; on Romanus I,
61 note; 51; 53; 58; 68; 70 sq. ; rela-
tionship to Romanus III, 98 note; op
foundation of Sarkel, 192; on Magyars,
195 sq. ; on the Patzinaks, 197 sq. ; on
Russians, 204, 206; 237; on Torcello,
391; on Pepin's repulse from Venice, 394;
714; Novels of, 715 sq. , 721, 725; on
sq. ; 332
Comnenus, Isaac, the Sebastocrator, son of
Alexius I, father of Andronicus I, 346,
352; plots against John II, 357; 360;
365; 381
Comnenus, Isaac, Sebastocrator, son of Em.
peror John II, at siege of Anazarbus, 169;
364 sq. , 374
Comnenus, Isaac, rebel Emperor in Cyprus,
384
Comnenus, John, brother of Isaac I, 318;
declines the crown, 324; family of, 326
Comnenus, John, nephew of Alexius I, plots
against him, 332
Comnenus, John, nephew of John II, deserts
to the Turks, 360
Comnenus, John, nephew of Manuel I,
376
Comnenus, John, son of Emperor Androni.
cus, 380
Comnenus, Manuel (Eroticus), defends Ni-
caea against Sclerus, 85; father of Emperor
Isaac I, 318
Comnenus, Manuel, brother of Alexius I,
326
Comnenus, Manuel, son of Emperor Andro-
nicus, 380
Comnenus, Nicephorus, disgraced by Con.
stantine VIII, 97; 318
Como, 405; see Benedict of


## p. 929 (#971) ############################################

Index
929
Constantine II, Katholikos of Armenia, 179
Constantine, Patriarch of the Armenians,
accepts the Union of Florence, 623
Constantine, bishop of Nacolea, Icono-
clast, 8
Constantine, bishop of Nicomedia, Icono-
clast, 8
Constantine the Philosopher, Bulgarian
scholar, at Serbian court, 561; biographer
of Stephen Lazarević, 565; 465 note
Constantine the Rhodian, poem of, on Con.
stantinople, 746, 749
Constantine, see Cyril, St
Constantine, pupil of St Methodius, 237
Constantine Nicaeus, Byzantine juriscon-
sult, 714, 722
Constantinople, passim; besieged by Sara-
cens, 2, 119, 151; earthquake at, 4, 95;
anti-iconoclast riots at, 9; stormed by Con.
stantine V,12; Charlemagne's embassy in,
393; besieged by Krum Khan, 29, 37, 233;
by Thomas the Slavonian, 35, 235; Russian
ambassadors at, 38, 90; attacked by Rus-
sians, 46, 140,203,205, 743; Russian mer-
chants at, 205 sq. ; Olga at, 207; walls, 40,
269, 696 sqq. ; foreign embassies at, under
Constantine VII, 66; risings in, against
Bringas, 72; against Nicephorus II, 76;
embassy of Gero at, 81; threatened by
Sclerus, 85 sq. ; Venetians at, 94, 391, 396,
407, 411, 413, 606; embassy of Conrad II
at, 97; Saracen embassy at, 100; insurrec-
tion against Michael V, 106; threatened
by Tornicius, 111; rising in favour of
Cerularius, 113, 271; revolt against
Michael VI, 118, 321; threatened by
Saracen fleet, 141; Armenian kings at,
62, 159 sq. , 165; Armenian colony at,
182; besieged by Avars, 186; Turkish
embassies at, 187; threatened by Magyars,
212; SS. Cyril and Methodius at, 217
sq. , 228; Moravian embassy at, 221 sg. ;
besieged by Simeon of Bulgaria, 238; cap-
tured by Alexius I, 327; Crusaders at,
316, 336 sq. ; threatened by Normans, 325,
408; massacre of Latins at, 382, 414;
Qilij Arslan at, 377; Fourth Crusade at,
Chap. XIV; sack of, 420, 605, 777; par-
tition of, 421; influence of, 777; attacked
by Theodore I, 484; by John III, 429,
489, 493, 523; by Michael VIII, 509;
taken, 429, 431, 443, 511 sqq. , 526;
threatened by Bulgarians, 537; attacked
by Mahomet I, 619; Boucicaut at, 618,
676 sq. ; attacked by Bāyazid, 675 sqq.
by Mūsa, 686; by Murad II, 689; siege of,
and capture, by Mahomet II, 693 sqq. ,
463, 575; Western pilgrims at, 258, 264,
266; Papal legates at, 256, 261, 269 sqq. ;
intellectual activity of, 66 sq. , 114, 763 sqq. ;
Pisan quarter at, 344; Italians at, 362;
Manuel's buildings at, 364; Andronicus I's
buildings at, 383; description of, 744 sqq. ;
fortifications of, 40, 697; population, 750,
758 sqq. ; included in theme of Thrace, 733
59
ceremonial, 727 sq. , 746, 754; on nation.
ality, 735; 765
Constantine VIII, Emperor, birth of and
coronation, 68, 83; 79; his character, 83,
97; 88; personal government, 96 sq. , 318;
and Arabs, 97; death, 98; 107; 148;
and
Armenia, 164
Constantine IX Monomachus, Emperor,
marriage and coronation, 108; character,
109; revolts against, 110 sq. , 271 ; and
the Schism, 112 sq. , 269 sqq. ; literary
renaissance under, 114; death, 115; 117;
and Seljūq Turks, 150; and Armenia, 111,
165; 259, 265; 319; 364; and Papacy,
595; and School of Law, 706, 716, 718 sqq. ,
734; 715; 721
Constantine X Ducas, Emperor, plots against
Michael VI, 320, 325; nominated by Isaac
I to succeed him, 324; and Papal election,
597; Novel of, 720
Constantine XI Palaeologus (Dragases),
Emperor, conquests in Morea, 460 sq. ;
crowned at Mistra, 462; and Union of the
Churches, 624 sq. ; and Mūrād II, 692;
694; defends Constantinople, 695 sqq. ;
698, 700, 703; death, 463, 704; 593
Constantine I, Prince of Armeno-Cilicia,
consolidates his kingdom, 168; 169
Constantine, regent of Armeno-Cilicia, 173
sqq.
Constantine III, King of Armeno-Cilicia, 177
Constantine IV, King of Armeno-Cilicia, 181
Constantine V, King of Armeno-Cilicia, 181
Constantine, King of Serbia, natural son of
Stephen Uroš II, 536, 590
Constantine Bodin of Dioclea, Serbian
prince, proclaimed Tsar of Bulgaria, 244;
245; deserts Alexius I, 330; 356
Constantine Asên, Tsar of Bulgaria, 510;
525 sqq. ; death, 528; 531; 590
Constantine, son of Emperor Basil I, 50;
death, 51, 253; 54 sq. ; 708; 712; 717
Constantine, son of Emperor Romanus I,
crowned by his father, 61; death of, 64
Constantine, the Paphlagonian, brother of
Michael IV, made Domestic of the Oriental
Scholae, 102; favourite of Michael V, 105;
intrigues against Zoë and the Patriarch,
106; fall and punishment, 107; 110
Constantine Ducas, see Ducas
Constantine Lascaris, brother of Theodore I,
defeated by Latins, 481
Constantine, the patrician, commander in
Sicily, 134; defeated and slain, 135
Constantine, King of the Ethiopians, accepts
the Council of Florence, 623
Constantine, Duke of Neopatras, 475
Constantine, the Serbian, friend of Marko,
555; rules at Köstendil, 557; killed,
561
Constantine, Patriarch of Constantinople,
15; executed by Constantine V, 16
Constantine Lichudes, made Patriarch of
Constantinople, 324; 106; 110; learning
of, 114
C. MED. H. VOL. IV.


## p. 930 (#972) ############################################

930
Index
churches of, 769: see St Sophia; St Constitutional History, Muslim political
George of Mangana, 114 sq. , 346, 719; theory, 280 sq. ; constitution of Venice,
St Irene, 753; St Mary, 511; St Mary of 397, 407, 409, 413; Serbian, 547; Byzan.
the Amalfitans, 264; St Mary Peribleptos, tine political theory, 727 sqq.
100; St Mocius, 256; SS. Sergius and Contarini, Bartolomeo, and Duchess of
Bacchus (Little St Sophia), 753, 768; St Athens, 463 sq.
Stephen, 264; St Theodosius (Gul-jāmi“), Contarini, Domenico, doge of Venice,
704; Chora(Qahriye-jāmi“), 749, 753, 408
769, 770; Forty Martyrs, 383; Holy Contomytes, Constantine, strategus of the
Apostles, 21, 30, 47, 55, 69, 77, 248, 746, Thracesians, defeats Arabs, 131; defeated
748, 753, 764, 768, 776; New Church in Sicily, 137
(véa), 53, 100, 753, 769; Pammakaristos Contostephanus, Alexius, commander under
(Fethiye-jāmi'), 749, 753; Pantokrator Emperor Manuel I, 368, 376
(Kilīsa-jāmi“), 352, 365, 625, 749, 753; Copronymus, nickname of Emperor Con.
of the Theotokos (Vefa-jāmi“), 753; Latin stantine V, 11
churches at, see Latin Church; convent Coquerel, Mahiot de, Navarrese leader,
of Nine Orders, 323; icon of Path-find- conquers Attica, 456, 474
ing Virgin, 513; Pantepoptes monastery Cordova, emirs of, and Theophilus, 38
(Eski-Imaret-jāmi'), 346, 749; Petrion, Corfù, see Table, 476; reduced by Guiscard,
convent of, 100, 107; St John monastery, 329; 330; 354; taken by Normans, 368; 371;
509; St Paul hospital, 349; Soter monas- Venetiansat, 409,411; 412, 414; Crusaders
tery, 615
at, 414; becomes Venetian seigniory, 421;
palaces at: Blachernae, 756; Bucoleon, 428; 432; 434 sqq. ; 440; 453; 456; Vene-
76, 754; Caenurgium, 53, 754; Chalce, tian, 457, 464 sqq.
,583; besieged by Turks,
52. (vestibule), 754; Chrysotriclinium, 467; Latin culture in, 472; 493; sect of
754; Dolma Bagcha (modern), 696, 699; "Naked” at, 760
Eleutherian, 25; Hieria, 14; Magnaura Coriatović, see Juga
(and School of Law), 21, 39, 42, 52, 711, Corinth, taken by Normans, 368; 424; 434;
764; Petrion, 73; Porphyrogenitus, 698, taken by Geoffrey Villehardouin, 438;
700; Sacred Palace, 9, 41, 68, 79, 107, 441; 447; 456; 458; Hospitallers at, 459,
118, 321, 346, 727, 748, 750, 753 sqq. ; St 677; becomes Turkish, 463; tournament
Mamas, 48, 50 sq. , 234; of the Springs, at, 473; silk manufacture at, 770; Gulf
269 sqq. ; Sigma terrace, 39, 107; Tricon- of, 436, 439, 459, 465; Isthmus of, 690;
chus, 39, 754; 748
made archbishopric, 438; archbishop of,
Amastrianon Square, 749, 761; Ātmey- and Aristotle, 474; see Acrocorinth, Hexa-
dān, see Hippodrome; Augusteum, 748, milion
754, 761; Bous (Taurus) Square, 748 sq. , Corleone, tributary to Arabs, 136
761; Capitol, 748; Cyclobium fortress, Coron, in Messenia, held by Venice, 421,
666; Forum, 51, 748, 761; ancient, 759; 431, 434, 438, 453; 457; 461, 465; cap-
of Arcadius, 749; Golden Milestone, 748; tured by Turks, 467; 476
Hebdomon quarter at, 509; Hippodrome Coronation of Emperors in St Sophia, 728;
(Circus, Atmeydān), 758 sqq. ; 12, 16, 52, 752; at Nicaea, 488; coronation oath of
65, 68 sq. , 87, 384, 699, 750 sq. , 754, 757 ; Venetian doge, 413
Lausiacus Arcade, 754; Law Courts, 719; Coronea, Turks at, 675
Long Portico, 761; Maḥmūdiye mosque, Coronello, Francesco, Spanish Jew, governs
698; Mese, street, 748 sq. , 761; district, Naxos, 468
749; Philadelphion cross-roads, 748; Corpus Iuris civilis, 714, see Code of
Praetorium, 778; Senate House, 748; Justinian
Strategion, 761; Gates, see Golden, Corpus Legum, 722
Hadrianople, Holy Angels, Pege, St Ro- Corum, besieged by Arabs, 126; destroyed,
manus
128, 130
Constantinople, Patriarchs of, see Alexius, Corvinus, see Matthias
Anastasius, Anthony Cauleas, Anthony of Cos, 128; plundered by Venetians, 411;
the Studion, Arsenius, Athanasius, Basil, assigned to Latin Empire, 491; taken by
Callistus, Constantine, Constantine Li- Emperor John III, 428
chudes, Cosmas, Eustatbius, Euthymius, Cosmas, Byzantine illustrated MS. of, at
Gennadius, Germanus, Gregory, Ignatius, Vatican, 768
John Beccus, John Hylilas, Joseph, Cosmas, Patriarch of Constantinople, crowns
Methodius, Metrophanes, Michael Anchia- Alexius I and Irene, 328
lus, Michael Cerularius, Nicephorus, Ni. Cosmas, Patriarch of Constantinople, de-
cholas Chrysoberges, Nicholas Mysticus, posed by Manuel, 362
Paul, Philotheus, Photius, Polyeuctes, Cosmas, the presbyter, opponent of the
Sergius, Sisinnius, Stephen, Tarasius, Bogomile heresy, 238
Theodotus Cassiteras, Theophylact, Try- Cossacks, and Mongols, 650
phon; (Latin) Thomas Morosini.
Cotyaeum, 85


## p. 931 (#973) ############################################

Index
931
two
Council of Regency, in minority of Emperor
Constantine VII, 59 sq.
Council of Ten, Venetian, created, 409
Councils (and Synods), see especially Chaps.
IX, XIX; Ecumenical Councils and Jus.
tinian's Code, 711; Fourth Ecumenical
Council, at Chalcedon (451), 155
Armenian Church: at Sis (1307), con.
forms to Latin uses, 178
Bulgarian Church:
Councils
against Bogomiles, 548
Byzantine Church: at Constantinople,
in the palace of Hieria (753), against
image worship, 14; at Nicaea (787, Seventh
Ecumenical Council), restores images, 1,
21, 246; at Constantinople (807), starts
Moechian troversy, 28; (809), against
Studites, 28; (815), in St Sophia, renews
decrees against image worship, 31, 246;
(843), finally restores images, 41, 246 sq. ;
(861), in church of Holy Apostles, de.
clares for Photius, 47, 248; (867), con-
demns Latin uses and declares independ.
ence of Byzantine Church, 249 sqq. ; (869-
870, Eighth Ecumenical Council), in St
Sophia, deposes Photius, 53, 251 sq. ;
(879), re-instates Photius, 253 sq. ; (920),
condemns fourth marriages, 62; (1009),
re-asserts independence of Byzantine
Church, 91, 261; (1054), in St Sophia,
schism with Rome, 113 sq. , 595; (1450),
in St Sophia, refuses union with Rome,
624
Roman Church: in the Lateran (732),
389; (769), condemns iconoclasts, 18; at
Mantua (827), 407; in the Lateran (863),
condemns Photius, 47, 249; in St Peter's
(868), condemns Council of Constanti.
nople (867), 251; at Ravenna (877), 399;
at Clermont (1095), proclamation of First
Crusade, 410, 599; at Bari (1098), 599
sq. ; in St Peter's (1099), 599; at Bene-
vento (1102), 341; in the Lateran (1215,
Fourth Lateran Council), 607; at Lyons
(1245), 495, 608; at Lyons (1274), union
with Byzantine Church, 527, 611 sqq. ,
615, 623; at Pisa (1409), 619; at Con-
stance (1414–18), 619; at Basle (1431),
620 sq. ; at Ferrara (1438), 621 sq. ; at
Florence (1439), union with Byzantine
Church, 182, 595 sq. , 622 sq. , 690
Count of the Hetairia, assistant of the
strategus, 734
Count of the Tent (kóptn), assistant of the
strategus, 734
Counts, Byzantine officials, 734, 739; Serbian
title, 542
Court, Byzantine, splendour of, 13; 24; 40,
727, 754 sqq.
Courtenay, see Peter, Philip, Robert
Cracow, captured by Mongols, 652
Craina, the, on Dalmatian coast, metropoli-
tan see of the Zeta, transferred from, 587
Craiova, “little Wallachia," held by Hun.
Crasus in Phrygia, 121; Emperor Nice-
phorus I defeated at, 126
Craterus, father of the Empress Theophano,
67
Craterus, strategus of the Cibyrrhaeots,
defeated by Arabs, 128
Cremona, subsidized by Manuel I, 370; bishop
of, see Liud prand
Crescentius II, patrician of Rome, and the
Papacy, 91; 259; 263
Crete, province of, 4; seized by Spanish
Arabs, 36, 119, 128 sq. ; raids by pirates
of, 45, 131 sq. , 134, 141 sq. ; captured
by Nicephorus II, 69, 144, 239; 70; diocese
of, placed under Patriarch of Constanti-
nople, 10; revolt in, against Alexius I, 331;
becomes Venetian, 421, 431; Venetian
government of, 434 sqq. , 457; 465 sqq. ;
native aristocracy in, 473; rebellion
against Venetians in, 488, 494, 616;
Genoese in, 511; Latin Church in, 606,
616, 621; 737; Muslim conquest of, 472;
476
Crimea, the, 39; attacked by the Russians,
90, 209; Goths in, 184; Turks and Chazars
in, 188 sq. ; 190; Patzinaks and, 199;
207 sq. , 220; Justinian II in, 189, 231;
tributary to empire of Trebizond, 487, 514
Crispo, dynasty in Archipelago, 467, 473
sq. ; see Francesco, Giovanni; dukes of,
see Table, 475 sq.
Critobulus, Imbrian historian, 474; des.
cription of Serbia, 576; on siege of Con-
stantinople, 695 note, 696 note, 698, 700
note, 702; 703 sq. ; 765
Crnagora (Montenegro), derivation of, 586
Crnojević, family in Montenegro, 586
Croatia, Slavonic liturgy in, 229; 234; and
Bulgarians, 235, 238; independent of
Byzantium, 325; 545; “King of Croatia,
559, 575, 579; 580 sq. ; influence of By-
zantium on, 776; Croats, 399; 406; 545;
559; 565; Bogomiles among, 583; prince
of, see Braslav
Crusades, the, First Crusade, 333 sqq. , 410,
599; Second Crusade, 366 sqq. , 600 sq. ;
Third Crusade, 384, 414, 519, 603; Fourth
Crusade, 414, Chap. XIV; and Armenia,
153 sq. , 167 sq. , 172, 180; and Seljūgs, 278,
299, 302, 314 sqq. ; Alexius I and, 315 sq. ,
333 sqq. , 352, 599; Manuel and, 366 sqq. ,
600 sg. ; Pisan Crusades, 344, 407; Venice
and, 409 sq. , 414, Chap. XIV; Popes and,
Chap. Xix passim, see Eugenius, Innocent,
Urban ; John I's plans for, 148; Peter of
Cyprus and, 470; Crusade of the Archi.
pelago, 616; Eighth Crusade, 610; and
Mongols, 628; 638 sq. ; 643; 656; 697;
747; 777
“Crutched Friars," of Bologna, in Negro-
pont, 438
Csanád, bishopric of, 214; bishop of, see
Gerard, St
Ctesiphon, ancient capital of Persia, 274
Cubicularii, office of, 730
gary, 540
5942


## p. 932 (#974) ############################################

932
Index
Cumans (Kipchaks, Polovtzi), Turkish tribe
in the Ural, 197; raid Bulgaria, 245; and
Alexius I, 330, 334, 344; 368; 490; in
service of John III, 491; in Byzantine
army, 507,511 ; and Bulgarians, 502, 519,
525; in Roumania, 540, Cuman wife of
Kalojan, 520 sq. ; origin of George Terteri,
529; 631
Curcuas, family, 69, 78
Curcuas, general of Nicephorus II, 71
Curcuas, John, Domestic of the Hicanati,
rebels against Emperor Basil I, 55
Curcuas, John, acquires the “Image of
Edessa,” 63, 143; campaigns against
Arabs, 143; 739
Curiales, Roman law as to, 94
Curopalates, of Armenia, 155, 157; of Iberia,
62,86;
title given to Bardas Sclerus,88; 135
note; see Adernesih, Artavasdus, Phocas
(Leo); title reserved for royalty, 730
Curticius, admiral of the pretender Bardas
Sclerus, 85
Curticius, plots against Alexius I, 342
Cusa, in Aquitaine, monastery of, 403
Cybistra, see Heraclea
Cyclades, revolts against Leo III, 9; becomes
Venetian, 432, 434; 435; 437: annexed by
Turks, 468; Latin influence in, 473; “Lord
of the Cyclades," 436, 488
Cydones, Demetrius, Byzantine theologian,
see Kydónis
Cyprian, Nestorian bishop under the Abba-
sids, 289
Cyprus, reconquered by Emperor Constan.
tine V, 12; 74; revolts against Constan.
tine IX, 110; in Saracen wars, 121, 123,
125, 127; 140; 142; conquered by Nice-
phorus II, 145; attacked by Reginald of
Antioch, 170, 374; 174; 177; 178; revolts
against Alexius I, 331; 340; 341; rising
in, 383, 384; governed by Lusignan
dynasty, 180 sq. , 437, 468 sq. ; 441; 454;
465; Venetian, 466 sq. ; 471; history of,
468 sqq. ; captured by Turks, 472; Latin
life in, 473; 511; seized by Richard I, 384,
603; 617; 669; and Armenia, 180 sq. ;
470; kings of, see Table, 476 sq. ; Patri-
arch of, independence of, 593; see George
of; duke of, see Philocales
Cyriacus of Ancona, medieval archaeologist,
at Athens, 462, 465
Cyril, St (Constantine), Apostle of the Slavs,
Chap. VII (B); his work in Moravia, 44;
and the Chazars, 190 sq. , 219 sq. ; lite-
rary work, 220, 225; at Rome, 224, 250;
776
Cyril, St, Patriarch of Alexandria, 250
Cyril, the Younger, commentary on the Di.
gest, 707, 714
Cyrus (Kūr), river, 187, 206; battles at, 161
Cyzicus, Seljūgs in, 327; Byzantines in,
331; Latins in, 425, 482 sq. ; 657 sq. ; 660;
Metropolitan of, 513, 608; bishop of, see
Metropbanes, Theodore
Cyzistra, see Sideropalus
Dābiq, 123
Dabiša, see Stephen
Dagno, Venetian colony on the Drin, 583
592; taken by Turks, 585
Dailam, country of Buwaih, founder of Bu-
waihids, 301
Daimbert, archbishop of Pisa, brings Pisan
fleet to Palestine, 340
Daimonoyánnes, archon of Monemvasia, 440
Daitu, see Cambalu
Dalassena, see Anna
Dalasseni family, 771
Dalassenus, Constantine, 98; imprisoned by
Michael ÍV, 103; released, 105
Dalassenus, Constantine, defeats Tzachas,
331
Dalassenus, Damianus, defeated by Saracens,
149
Dalmatia, and Charlemagne, 394 sq. ; Sla-
vonic liturgy in, 229; and Samuel of Bul.
garia, 240; and Robert Guiscard, 325;
338; recovered by Manuel, 371 sqq. ;
pirates of, 397, 400 sq. ; doge of Venice
“Dux Dalmatiae,” 406; 409 sq. ; Venetian
counts in, 412; Vukan, King of, 521 sqq. ,
556; 557; held by Bosnia, 559: 560;
Venice in, 564, 566, 583; 565; 575; “King
of Dalmatia,” 559, 575; 579; Turks and,
578, 670; 674; 678; 689; theme of, 733
Damascus, Saracen capital removed from,
119, 274; 128; 133; surrender to Emperor
John I, 148; 156 sq. ; 172; 176; occu-
pied by Seljūqs, 277, 314, 316; taken by
Mongols, 279, 643; by Tīmūr, 651, 680;
374, 641, see Nūr-ad-Din, Susamish
Damietta, attacked by Byzantines, 121, 127;
captured by Michael II, 45, 132; besieged
by Manuel, 376
Dan I, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Dan II, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Dan III, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Dandolo, Enrico, doge of Venice, and
Fourth Crusade, 414 sq. , 417 sqq. ; defeat
by Bulgarians, 424; death of, 424;
nephews of, 435; armour of, presented to
Bellini, 705
Dandolo, Stephen, sent to Avignon by An-
dronicus III, 615
Daniel, Serbian archbishop and historian,
534; 537; and Stephen Dušan, 539, 550
Danielis, patroness of Basil the Macedonian,
50
Dānishmand, Seljūg dynasty, 315; 340; 357,
365; 374; see "Ain-ad-Daulah, Dhū’l.
Nún, Dhū’l-Qarnain, Ghāzi, Malik, Maho-
met, Ya'qūb-Arslān
Dante, and dukes of Athens, 442; 469; and
Stephen Uroš II, 535
Danube, river, 184; 186; 197 sqq. ; 210 sq. ;
213; 215; Chap. VIII passim; 324 sq. ; 330;
355; 368; 373; 383; 490; Chaps. XVII,
XVIII passim; 601; 631; 656; 670; 675
sq. ; 687; 689 sqq. ; Danubian frontier,
322; “ Bulgaria beyond the Danube,"
see Wallachia
3


## p. 933 (#975) ############################################

Index
933
Daphni in Attica, Cistercian monastery at,
438, 449; mosaics at, 769
Daphnusia, attacked by Venetians, 431, 511;
512
Dara, taken by Curcuas, 143; 145
Darband, on the Caspian, 187
Dardanelles, 481, 487, 502; 544,572; 658 sq. ;
668; 670; controlled by Bāyazid, 678;
761
Dardel, John, Armenian chronicler, 181
Dariel, fortress of, built by Kawad of Persia,
187
Dauphiné, see Humbert
D'Avesnes, see Florent, Jacques
David, Bulgarian chief, son of Shishman,
Demotika (Didymotichus), 88; lordship of,
founded, 422; given to Branas, 425; 502;
taken by Turks, 555; 666; taken by Mu.
rād I, 669, 671
De peculiis, legal monograph, 718
De privilegiis creditorum, legal monograph,
718
Derbessak, fortress of Armeno-Cilicia, 175
Derevlyans, Slavonic tribe, 206, 208
Derkos on Black Sea, surrendered to Turks,
690
Desiderius, King of the Lombards, and
Constantine V, 18; and Leo IV, 19; and
Franks, 391
Desiderius (Pope Victor III), abbot-desigpate
of Monte Cassino, chosen legate to Con.
stantinople, 597
Desna, Russian river, 193
“Despot,” title of, assumed by doge of
Venice, 421; of Morea, see Constantine
XI, Demetrius Palaeologus, Theodore
Palaeologus, Thomas; see Epirus, Serbia,
Thessalonica (see Tables 475 sq. )
Despotes, title of the Emperor, 726
Dessa, see Stephen Nemanja
De Thematibus, by Constantine VII, 67
Deuil, see Odo of
Deusdedit, doge of Venice, 391
Develtus, on frontier of Thrace, 37; 212;
239 sq.
233 sg.
David, King of Sebastea, 166
David Mamikonian, Armenian leader, 157
David, Patriarch of Bulgaria, 242
Dazimon, Lachanodraco defeated at, 20;
Emperor Theophilus defeated at, 38, 130;
46; 133
Deabolis, interview of Alexius I and Bohe-
mond at, 342
De Actionibus, legal treatise, 708; Liber, of
Garidas, 721
De Administratione Imperii, by Constantine
VII, 67, 198
De Caerimoniis, see Ceremonies, Book of
Dečani, monastery of, 536
Dečanski, Stephen, see Stephen Uroš III
De Creditis, legal treatise, 722
De Homicidiis, legal treatise by Garidas, 721
Delhi, 633, 636; Mogul dynasty at, 650;
Timūr enters, 651
Deligun Buldagha (Onan Kerule), birthplace
of Jenghiz Khan, 632
Delyan, Peter, leads Serbo-Bulgarian rising
against Michael IV, 244
Demarchs, presidents of Byzantine circus
factions, 759
Demes, circus factions at Constantinople,
729, 731
Demetrias, destroyed by Arab fleet, 141; By.
zantine victory over Latins, 445
Demetrius Angelus, despot of Salonica, ex-
pelled by John III, 430, 440, 476,
492 sq.
Dhakira-i Khwārazmshāhi, Persian medical
encyclopaedia, 298
Dhinimi (non-Muslim under Arab rule), 287
Dhū’l Kilā', 126 note
Dhū'l-Nūn, son of Mabomet, Dānishmandite
ruler, 365; and Emperor Manuel, 377 sq.
Dbū’l-Qarnain, Dānishmandite ruler, 374,
377
Diavoli, death of Stephen Dušan at, 546
Didymotichus, see Demotika
Dieterici, editor of Arabic treatises, 292
Dieu d'Amour, Latin castle in Greece, 473
Digest of Justinian, the, commentators on,
707 sq. ; 713 sq. ; 716; 721
Digor, in Armenia, church at, 163
Dijon, 262
Dikeraton, tax of Leo III, 4
Dinawarī, Arab historian, 293
Dioclea, Serbian state, 517, 521, 534, 542;
rulers of, see Constantine Bodin, George,
Gradicna, Grubessa, John Vladimir,
Michael
Diocletian, Roman Emperor, 662; 729
Diogenes, see Romanus IV, Emperor
Diogenes, Constantine, conspires against
Romanus III, 100
Diogenes, Constantine, son of Romanus IV,
326
Diogenes, Nicephorus, son of Romanus IV,
plots against Alexius I, 333
Dios, abbot of, 32
Dioscorides, Greek medical writer, translated
into Arabic, 297; Byzantine illustrated
MS of, at Vienna, 768
Diplokionion, Turkish fleet lands at, 696
Demetrius Palaeologus, brother of John
VIII, sent to Basle, 620; at Council of
Ferrara, 621; opposes Union, 623; becomes
despot of the Morea, 462 sq. ; surrenders
to Turks, 464
Demetrius of Montferrat, King of Thessalo.
nica, 426; dethroned by Theodore An.
gelus, 427
Demetrius Chomatianós, archbishop of
Ochrida, crowns Theodore Angelus, 497
Demetrius, St, patron of Salonica, 6, 104,
244; and Kalojan of Bulgaria, 425, 521 ;
518 sq. ; feast of, 556; fair of, 770
Democrats, chiefs of Byzantine circus
factions, 759
Demona, in Sicily, 141
Demosthenes, study of, 236, 763


## p. 934 (#976) ############################################

934
Index
Dir, Prince of Kiev, 203
Dirhem, coin used by Bulgars, 193
Dishypatus, title of, 730
Diwān, instituted by Caliph Omar, 282;
Diwan-al-Barid (State post), 283
Dīyārbakr, see Amida
Dizabul (Silzibul), Khagan of the Turks, see
Sinjibu
Dizkūh, Persian castle, 310
Djakovo, in Slavonia, treaty of, 559, 565
Djed, the, chief of the Bogomiles, 535;
545
Dnieper, river, 186; 195; 197; identified by
Westberg with Kotsho and Kuzu, 198;
201 sqq. ; 206; 230; 636; 637
Dniester, river, 198
Dobor, Bosnian fortress, 560; Hungarian
victory at, 566
Dobrotich, independent Bulgarian prince,
554; 572
Dobrudzha, the, 554; 560; 659
Doda, house of, Mirdites governed by, 585
Dodecahemeron, festival of, 755
Dodecanese, the, see Aegean, theme of
Doge of Venice, creation of first, 387; early
doges, 387 sqq. ; development of power of,
395; becomes constitutional monarchy,
407. See Chap. XII, Contarini, Dandolo,
Deusdedit, Fabiani, Falier, Fortunatus,
John, Marcellus, Mastropiero, Mauritius,
Michiel, Monegarius, Morosini, Obelerius,
Orseolo, Peter Candianus, Particiacus,
Paulutio, Silvio, Tradonicus, Tribunus
Dolgoruki, George, candidate for princedom
of Kiev, 368
Doliche (Dulūk), taken by Constantine, 121;
taken by Nicephorus II, 144
Domenico Gattilusio, of Lesbos, 465
Domestic, title of governor of the Optimatian
theme, 734
Domestic of the Hicanati, office of, 739; see
Curcuas
Domestic, of the Scholae, office of, 731, 739;
held by Nicephorus II, 70; held by
Tzimisces, 78; by Bardas Phocas, 87;
Bohemond of Taranto and, 335, 338;
of the Oriental Scholae, Constantine the
Paphlagonian appointed, 102; 739
Domestic of the theme, chief of staff to the
strategus, 734
Dominic, Patriarch of Grado, sent to Michael
VII, 598
Dominicans, in Bosnia, 545; Dominican helps
to defend Scutari, 586; at Nicaea, 608;
and Andronicus II, 614; at Pera, 615;
sent to John VI, 616; see John of Ragusa
Dominicus, bishop of Torcello, dispute about,
399
Dominicus, bishop sent to Moravia to estab-
lish Latin liturgy, 229
Dominicus, relative of the doge Tradonicus,
399
Don, river, 38, 185, 192 sq. , 195 sqq. , 202, 680
Donatus, cardinal-bishop of Ostia, legate of
Hadrian II at Constantinople, 251 sq.
Donatus, Patriarch of Grado, attacked by
Serenus, Patriarch of Aquileia, 389
Doras, Gothic town in the Crimea, 189
Dorino Gattilusio of Lesbos, his love of
archaeology, 465
Dorotheus, professor of law at Beyrout,
707
Dorylaeum (Eski-Shehr), occupied by Sara-
cens, 123; 130; 353; fortified by Manuel,
378; 602; 655 sq. ; Ertugbril established
at, 656; 657; Osman transfers his capital
from, 659; 660
Douglas, on Mongol massacre at Herat, 634
Doxapatrês, holds out against Latins in
Greece, 434
Doxopater, Gregory, Byzantine jurisconsult,
714; 722; nomophylax at Constantinople,
720; Nomocanon of, 723
Dracon, river of Asia Minor, 337
Dragases, see Constantine XI, Emperor
Dragoche, founds principality of Moldavia,
540
Dragovitchi, Bogomile heresy among, 238
Dragutin, see Stephen
Drama, district in Serbia, 553
Drave, river, 211
Dravidian language, 195
Dregoviches, Slav tribe, 206
Drin, Albanian river, 240; 583
Dristra, see Silistria
Drivasto, castle of, on the Adriatic, becomes
Venetian, 564, 570; 583; taken by Turks,
585, 592
Dromon, Byzantine ship of the line, 743
Drungarius, of the Fleet (Grand Drungarius),
office of, 731, 743; held by Romanus Leca-
penus, 61; 331; of the Watch, 721; Drun-
garii, subordinates of the strategus, 734,
739
“Drunkard," the, epithet applied to Emperor
Michael III, 43
Druses, sect, 301
Druzhina, detachment, of the Varangians in
Asia Minor, 88; in Sicily, 150; 204
Drvenglave, tomb of Stephen Lazarević at,
565
Ducas family, 771; and Alexius I, 327 sq. ,
332
Ducas, Andronicus, conspiracy of, against
Leo VÌ, 257
Ducas, Constantine, pretender to the throne,
60
Ducas, Constantine, see Constantine X
Ducas, Constantine, son of Michael VII, 327;
temporary heir presumptive, 328 sq. ; 346;
deposed by Alexius, 332
Ducas, John, Caesar, plots against Michael
VI, 320, 326; 327
Ducas, John, Grand Drungarius of Alexius I,
331, 339
Ducas, the historian, 765; and Gattilusi
family, 465, 474, 553 note; 558 note; 568
note; 570 note; 623; on numbers of Turks,
670, 689; 671 note; 676; 677 note; 678;
685 note; 686; 688 note; 691 note; 692


## p. 935 (#977) ############################################

Index
935
note; 695 note; 696 note; estimate of de-
fenders of Constantinople, 697 note; 700
note; on fall of Constantinople, 704
Duke, title of governor of Antioch, 734
Dulcigno, Latin bishopric of, 537; becomes
Venetian, 564, 583; taken by Turks, 585,
592
Dulo, Bulgarian dynasty of, 231
Dulūk, see Doliche
Auvarol, ol (the Powerful), 51; legislation
against them, 62, 93, 708, 715; 771
Duqāg, Seljūą ruler of Damascus, 314 sq,
Durazzo(Dyrrhachium), 110; and Bulgarians,
240 899. ; 244; besieged by Guiscard, 329,
408 sq. ; 332 ; 337; 423 ; 426 sqq. ; 452 ;
456; 497; obtained by Theodore II,
503 sq. ; 522; vicissitudes of, 535_note;
536; 541; 553; 564; 583; taken by Turks,
685; 592; 600; 675; theme of, 39, 733
Durostolus (Dristra), see Silistria
Dušan, see Stephen
Dvina, Western, Russian river, 193; 202
Dwin, in Saracen Armenia, 156; taken by
Smbat I, 160 sq. ; governor of, see Abū'l.
Aswār
Dyrrbachium, see Durazzo
Dzmndav, castle of Armeno-Cilicia, 167
Eagle, double-beaded, first used by Nicene
Empire, 514; assumed by Stephen Dušan,
542
Echmiadzin, in Armenia, Katholikos at,
182
Ecloga, code of Leo III, 5, 11, 708 sqq. ;
Basil I and, 712; treatises founded on it,
717, 721, 723, 725
Ecloga ad Prochiron Mutata, 717, 725
Ecloga cum appendice, 718
Ecloga Legis Mosaicae, 717
Ecloga legum in epitome expositarum, see
Epitome legum
Ecloga Novellarum, abridgment of Leo VI's
Novels, 715; 717; 723
Ecloga privata, 717
Ecloga privata aucta, 717, 725
Écri-sur-Aisne, Fourth Crusade planned at,
415
Edessa, 147; captured by Maniaces, 150,
175; 316; taken by Zangi, 317; Crusaders
at, 335, 343; "Image" of, taken by Cur-
cuas, 63, 143; “Discourse on the Image"
by Constantine VII, 67; second relic taken,
150; and Manuel I, 373, 375; count of, see
Joscelin; see also Matthew of
Edifices, Book of, by Procopius, 746
Edward I, King of England, Mongol letter
to, 176
Edward III, King of England, Gregory XI's
letter to, 618
Eger (Erlau), bishopric of, founded, 214
Egidius, Duke of Mačva and Bosnia, 591
Egilius Gaulus, of Jesolo, attacks the doge
Deusdedit, 391
Egypt, 38; 45; 125 sqq. ; independent of
Abbasid Caliphate, 139, 276, 300; annexed
by Fātimids, 277: Ayyübid dynasty in,
278, 302; 304; rule of the Mamlūks, 279;
relations with Alexius I, 339, 341; and
Manuel I, 376 sq. ; and Crusaders, 415 sq. ,
418; and Cyprus, 470 sqq. ; and Maria of
Bulgaria, 528; 604; effect of Mongols on,
629; and Caliphate, 642; and Il-Khāns of
Persia, 651 sq. ; Turkish tribes in, 653;
monks in, 753; 770; Egyptian army at
Antioch, 147; attacks Aleppo, 149; cap.
tures Antioch, 275; defeats Mongols, 279;
defeated by Timūr, 680; Egyptian officials
of Caliphate, 280; Egyptian Christians in
Arab Aeet, 2; Egyptian fileet, 119 sqq. ,
132, 145, 286; defeated by Venetians, 411;
see also Ayyūbids, Fățimids, Ikhshidids,
Mamlūks, Tūlūnids
Eidikos, office of, 731
Einhard, biographer of Charlemagne, 36; on
Pepin's invasion of Venice, 394
Eladas, John, rival of the Patriarch Nicholas
Mysticus, 60
Elbassan, monument of Carlo Thopia near,
553
Elcimon, monastery of, 107
Eleusis, 438
Elias Pasha, rebels against Murad II, 690
Elias, Prince of Moldavia, 593
Elis, Templars in, 437; 473
Elizabeth, Queen of Hungary, Duchess of
Mačva and Bosnia, 591
Elpidius, rebel in Sicily, 124; acknowledged
Emperor by the Saracens, 125; 134
Emeric, King of Hungary, occupies part of
Serbia, 519
Emeric, son of St Stephen of Hungary, 214
Emesa (Hims), 146; 148; captured by
Basil 9, 149; 359; 643; defeat of Mon-
gols and Armenians by Mamlūks at,
176
Emperors of the East, see Alexander, Alexius
I, II, III, IV, V, Andronicus I, II, III, IV,
Basil I, II, Constantine V, VI, VII, VIII,
IX, X, XI, Isaac I, II, John I, II, III, IV,
V, VI, VII, VIII, Leo III, IV, V, VI,
Manuel I, II, Michael I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, VIII, IX, Nicephorus I, II, III,
Romanus I, II, III, IV, Stauracius, Theo.
dore I, II, Theophilus. Empresses: Irene,
Theodora, Zoë
Emperors of the West, also Kings of the Ro-
mans, see Arnulf, Berengar, Charlemagne,
Charles the Fat, Conrad II, III, Frederick
I, II, III, Guy, Henry II, III, IV, V, VI,
Lothar I, III, Louis the Pious, Louis II,
Otto I, II, III, Sigismund
"Enantiophanes," anonymous author of
the Book of Antinomies, 707
Encheiridion, 717
Enghien family, claims of on Athens, 454;
see Marie
England, Manuel II in, 618, 678; envoy of
" Assassins” sent to, 638; 669; kings of,
see Edward, Henry, John, Richard
English captains at the court of Leo of Ar.


## p. 936 (#978) ############################################

936
Index
menia, 172; in Byzantine bodyguard, 209; Esegels, Bulgar tribe, 192, 195
English work on Cyril and Methodius, 216; Eski-Imaret-jāmi', see Pantepoptes under
garrison of Civitot, 331; in Byzantine Constantinople, churches of
army, 347; at court of Manuel I, 362; at Eski-Sagra (Stara-Zagora), Alexius I meets
battle of Nicopolis, 675
Robert of Flanders at, 334; John I defeats
Enna (Castro Giovanni), in Sicily, besieged Patzinaks at, 354; captured by Theodore
by Saracens, 35, 136; finally captured, II, 502; 519
461; 137 sq.
Eski-Shehr, see Dorylaeum
Enneads of Plotinus, translated into Arabic, Esztergom, see Gran
295
Etampes, assembly of, 366
Epanagoge, law book of Basil I, 52, 59, 712, Ethiopians, the, adhere to the Council of
717 sq. , 721 sqq.
Florence, 623
Epanagoge aucta, 717
Etna, Mt, 138
Eparch (prefect of Constantinople), office of, Euboea (Negropont), island of, ravaged by
731
Normans, 368; 371; 413; becomes Vene-
Eparchics (edicts of praetorian prefects), tian, 421, 431 sq. , 457; Latin nobles in,
714, 723
422; Venetian government of, 435; under
Eparchies (civil provinces), become themes, Achaian suzerainty, 439; 441; captured
732
by Licario, 445; 447; 451; 457 sqq. , 486;
Ephesus, 16; 126; 131; recaptured by Alex- Latin life in, 473; Genoese at, 511; 675;
ius I, 339; 367 sq. ; 495; 624; held by 476; see Negropont; see also Boniface,
Osmān, 657 sq. ; Tīmūrat, 684; 770; arch- Theophylact
bishops of, see Mark, Nicholas, Theodosius Euchaita, victory of the Saracens at, 127;
Epibatus in Thrace, taken by Turks, 667, see of, 56, 254
695
Eudocia Baiane, the Phrygian, third wife of
érißolń (adiectio), suspended by Tiberius II, Leo VI, 57, 256
708
Eudocia Ingerina, mother of Leo VI, and
Epirus, becomes Venetian, 421; Greek king- empress of Basil I, 43; 47; 50 sq. ; 53;
dom in, 423, 427, 478 sq. ; Michael Angelus, 55; 256
lordship in, 429 sq. , 436 sqq. , 493; 432; Eudocia Lascaris, daughter of Theodore I,
440; Neapolitan claims on, 446; 447 sq. ; 486
Orsini in, 453; Serbs in, 455, 543, 545; Eudocia Macrembolitissa, wife of Constan-
Turks in, 461; 472; 489; 505; 507; 524; tine X and of Romanus IV, 325 sq. ; 757
Florentines in, 553; 586; 604 sq. ; sees in, Eudocia, cousin and mistress of Andronicus
95, 243, (Latin) 607; Franciscans in, 609; I, 381
schism with Nicaea, 486, 497 sq. , 612; Eudocia, daughter of Alexius I, 346
rulers, see Table, 475 sq.
Eudocia, daughter of Constantine VIII, 84,
Epitome (Synagoge) canonum, 718, 723
96
Epitome canonum of Harmenopulus, 724 Eudocia, daughter of Leo VI, 55
Epitome canonum antiqua, 723
Eugenicus, Marcus, see Mark of Ephesus
Epitome legum (Ecloga legum in epitome ex- Eugenius III, Pope, and Emperor Manuel I,
positarum), 716 sq.
366, 369, 601
Epitome novellarum of Athanasius, 718 Eugenius IV, Pope, and Hunyadi, 571; and
Epitropi (¿TTLTPÓTOL), executors, in S. Italy, John VIII, 620 sqq. ; holds Council of
725
Florence, 623 sq.
Equilio Jesolo, see Cavazuccherina
Eugenius, St, patron of Trebizond, 487, 515
Erbil, conquered by Mongols, 636; 642 Eulogia, sister of Michael VIII, opposed to
Erghin, emir of Ostan, 182
union with Rome, 612
Eric the Good, King of Denmark, crusading Euphemia, mother of Boris of Hungary,
expedition of, 341
356
Erivan, 163
Euphemius, rebel in Sicily, 37, 134; killed,
Erizzo, Venetian defender of Negropont 135
against Turks, 466, 472
Euphorbenus, see Andronicus
Erkesiya, see “Great Fence”
Euphrates, river, Theophilus' campaign on,
Erlau, see Eger
38; 120; 132; 143 sqq. ; 178; 289; 291;
Ernjak, Mongol massacre at, 181
358; 736 sq.
Eroticus, see Comnenus (Manuel)
Euprepia, sister of Constantine IX, 111
Eroticus, Theophilus, revolts against Con. Euripus, strait, 435
stantine IX, 110
Europe, Armenia and, 159, 167; Mongols in,
Ertughril, father of Osmān, founder of the 628, 637 sqq. , 642 sq. ; Ottomans estab-
Ottoman Turks, 655 sq. , 660
lished in, 705; European provinces of
Erzerūm, see Theodosiopolis
Eastern Empire anti-iconoclast, 35; no-
Erzinjān, taken by Timūr, 679 sq.
bility of, 326, 771
Esau Buondelmonti, becomes ruler of Eustathius, Patriarch of Constantinople, and
Epirus, 457 ; 461; 475
the Papacy, 92, 262; 264


## p. 937 (#979) ############################################

937
Fārs, province, included in empire of
Khwārazm Shāh, 633; 642
Fātimah, daughter of Mahomet, 302
Fátimid (Fātimite) Caliphs, see Pākim,
Mu'izz, 'Ubaid-Allāh (Mahdí), Zābir; 132;
in Syria, 148 sq. , 302; 277; and Shi'ites,
301; 304; in Palestine, 316
Fëdor Ivanovich, Tsar of Russia, 200
Felix, bishop of Malamocco, 399
Felix, the tribune, Francophil conspirator
at Venice, 393
Fenestrelle pass into Italy, 391
Ferdinand I, King of Naples, 466
Ferdinand of Majorca, and principality of
Achaia, 452
Fermo, on the Adriatic, 398
Ferrara, 410; and Venice, 412; Council of,
621 ; transferred to Florence, 622
Fethiye-jāmi', see Pammakaristos, under
Constantinople, churches of
Feu, Chinese river, 645
Feudalism: in Byzantine Empire, military
fiefs in Asia Minor, 75, 771 sqq. ; Basil II's
legislation against, 92 sqq. ; strength of,
117, 771 sq. ; Alexius I and small fief-
holders, 347; Andronicus I and, 382;
effects on army and navy, 738, 742; in
Armeno-Cilicia, 167; compared with
Russian system, 206; under the Caliphate,
278, 285; in Latin Empire, 422, 480; in
Latin Greece, 433, 437, Chap. xv passim;
in Crete, 434; in Cyprus, 469, 472; in
Serbia, 547; in Bosnia, 585; of Turkish
military system, 664
Filelfo, Francesco, interpreter to Byzantine
embassy, 619; 693 note; 695 note;
on
Index
Eustathius, archbishop of Thessalonica,
orations of, 363; 754; classical commen.
taries of, 764; sermons of, 766
Eustathius, patrician, and the Magyars,
199
Eustathius, admiral of Alexius I, 340
Eustathius, author of work on the Hypobolon,
718
Eustathius Romanus, Byzantine juriscon-
sult, 718
Eustratius Garidas, Patriarch of Constan-
tinople, 328
Eustratius, bishop of Nicaea, and archbishop
Peter of Milan, 345, 600
Euthymius, Patriarch of Constantinople, 57,
60, 65, 257
Euthymius, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 329
Euthymius the Younger, St, of Thessalonica,
life of, 255
Eutychian heresy, in Armenia, 155
Eutychius, exarch of Ravenna under Leo
III, 9; and Venetians, 390
Euxine, see Black Sea
'Efáßißlos, see Basilics, Promptuarium
Exarchate of Africa, created, 732
Exarchate of Italy (Ravenna), created, 732;
387; attacked by Lombards, 17, 390;
Manuel I and, 412
Exarchs, see Eutychius, John, Paul
Excubitors, regiment of the Byzantine Guard,
739; count of, see Michael II, Emperor
Exegesis Canonum, of Theodore Balsamon,
724
Εξηκοντάβιβλος, see Basilics
Eyyüb, see Kosmidion
Ezerites, Slav tribe, 42
Bashi-bazuks, 696
Filioque clause, in Creed, see Holy Ghost,
Doctrine of Procession of
Finances, under Leo III, 4; under Constan.
tine V, 13; under Irene, 27; under Nice-
phorus I, 27; under Theophilus, 39; Basil
I's reforms of, 51; reforms of Romanus I,
62; fiscal measures and taxation of
Nicephorus II, 76; abolition of the poll
tax by John I, 82; under Basil II, 93;
under Constantine VIII, 97; under Ro-
manus III, 99; under Michael IV, 103;
financial measures of Isaac I, 322; of
Alexius I, 332, 348 sq. ; of Manuel I, 364,
370; of John III, 498; of Theodore II,
505; financial administration of Byzan-
tine Empire, 731, 735, 771; 763; strained
by Saracen wars, 151; finances of Cali-
phate, 151 note; fiscal system of Caliphate,
280; taxation of non-Muslims, 287; Ma-
homet II and Turkish revenue, 705;
finances of Venice, 413
Finns, 184; Finnish origin of Bulgars, 184,
230; trade with Bulgars, 193 sq. ; Finnish
foundation of Magyar language, 195; tribes
in Russian Empire, 199 sq. ,
204
Fiorenza, Duchess of the Archipelago, 475
Fiqh (Muslim legal literature), 291 sq.
Firdausi, Persian poet, 303
Fabiani, Domenico, doge of Venice, 407
Fabriacus, last magister militum of Venice,
390
Faďl, Arab admiral, 133
Faại, Arab general, 125
Fadl ibn Jaʼfar, takes Messina, 136; 137
Fadl ibn Ya'qub, commander in Sicily, 136
Fadriques, the, of Sálona, fate of the last
heiress of, 458; see Alfonso
Fakhr-al-Mulk, vizier of Barkiyārug, 310
Fakhr-ud-Din Rāzī, commentator on the
Koran, 296
Falak-ad-Din‘AliChatri, rebellious chamber-
lain of Sanjar, 313
Falier, Ordelafo, doge of Venice, founds the
Arsenal, 410
Falier, Vitale, doge of Venice, and the
Normans, 409
“Falling Asleep of the Virgin," church of,
at Nicaea, 479
Famagosta in Cyprus, obtained by Genoa,
455, 465; 470; regained by Cyprus, 466,
471; captured by Turks, 472; 477; corona-
tion city of Cypriote kings of Jerusalem,
469
Fano, and Venice, 412
Fārābi, Arab author, 290, 296
Faraj, Arab leader, rebuilds Adana, 127


## p. 938 (#980) ############################################

938
Index
Flanders, count of, see Baldwin, Henry,
Philip, Robert
Flavigny, see Hugh of
Fleet, Byzantine, 741 sqq. ; in the Adriatic,
101, 139; under Constantine V, 18; at
Venice, 36, 386, 394; in Sicily, 46, 105,
134, 136, 147; attacks Damietta, 121, 127,
132, 376; in Sclerus’ revolt, 85; pillages
Seleucia, 130; defeat under Craterus, 128;
attacks Pelusium, 133; captures Cyprus,
140; defeated at Mylae, 141; expeditions
against the Cretans, 142 sqq. ; and the
Magyars, 199; in the Black Sea, 232; aids
the Pope against the Saracens, 253; 260 ;
reorganized by Alexius I, 328, 347; navy
tax of Manuel, 364; captures Laodicea,
341; Normans and, 342; and John II, 411;
and John III, 428, 488, 490; victories of
Michael VIII, 445; and Theodore I, 482,
of Andronicus III, 662; Grand Drungarius
of, 731; merchant marine, 762; themes
of, see Aegean, Carabisiani, Cibyrrhaeots,
Dodecanese, Samos
Fleet, Ottoman, 582; of Mahomet I, 687;
of Mahomet I at Belgrade, 576; at siege
of Constantinople, 696, 699 sqq. ; at
Trebizond, 690; at Cyprus, 472; at Chios,
675
Fleet, Saracen, defeated before Constanti-
nople, 2, 119; 38; piracy in Mediterranean,
36 ; under Thumāma, 123; victory in bay
of Attalia, 125; ravages Cyprus, 127; de-
feats Craterus, 128; 131; captures Attalia,
133; successes off Sicily, 136 sq. ; raids in
the tenth century, 141; 150; under the
Abbasids, 286; fleet of Smyrna, 331; helps
Venice, 404; defeated by Venetians, 741;
406; see also Egypt
Flemings in Greece, 447, 474; see Florent,
Jacques; Flemish duchy of Philippopolis,
520; see Renier
Florence, Walter de Brienne at, 454; By-
zantine Bible at, 768; Council of, see
Councils
Florent d'Avesnes, becomes Princeof Achaia,
446 sq. , 474
Florentines, in Athens, 431; 461 sq. ;
successes in Greece, 457, 553; 513; and
battle of Kossovo, 558
Foča, Turkish province of Bosnia, 579
Fogaras, Wallachia colonized from, 540
Foglia, see Phocaea
Formosus, cardinal-bishop of Porto (after.
wards Pope), Roman missionary in Bul.
garia, 45, 236; 252; and Photian schism,
256 .
Fortunatus, Patriarch of Grado, and Charle-
magne, 393; failure of his policy, 395
Forty Martyrs, church of, see Constantinople;
at Trnovo, 522; becomes mosque, 560
Foscarini, mission of, to Crete, 472
France: Pope Stephen II in, 17; Bohemond
of Antioch in, 336, 341; trade route to,
396; 601; Manuel I's embassy to, 602;
Michael VIII's embassy to, 610; John V
and, 618, 670; Manuel II and, 618, 678;
677; Assassin envoy in, 638; 669; kinge
of, see Charles, Louis, Philip
Francesco I Crispo, becomes Duke of the
Archipelago, 457, 475
Francesco , Duke of the Archipelago, 476
Francesco IIÍ, Duke of the Archipelago, 476
Francesco Gattilusio, of Lesbos, 455; 465
Francesco, son of Nerio II, Duke of Athens,
463 sq. ; 475
Franche-Comté, 440
Franciscans (Minorites), in Euboea, 438;
at Nicaea, 497, 608; in Bosnia, 532, 545,
575,581,583; sent to Michael VIII, 609 sq. ;
Hethum II of Armenia joins the, 177; see
John Parastron, John of Parma, John of
Pian di Carpine, Rubruquis
Franco, son of Antonio II of Athens, and
Turks, 463; made “Lord of Thebes,” 464;
executed, 465; 475
Francophil, party at Venice, 393; failure of,
395
Frankfort, Council of, 261 note
Franks, in Italy, 17, 22; and Irene, 24; and
Nicephorus I, 36 sq. ; invade Africa, 135;
and Theophilus, 136; 211; Frankish
Empire, 212; and Bulgars, 231, 234 sq. ;
259; and Venetia, 385, 388, 391, 393;
see also West, relations with
Fraunduni, tribune of Ammiana, 386
Frederick I Barbarossa, Western Emperor,
and Leo II of Armeno-Cilicia, 172; and
Manuel I, 369 sqq. , 378 sq. , 601; 385; 412;
at Venice, 414; and Bulgarians, 519;
Crusade of, 384, 519, 603
Frederick II, Western Emperor, and John
III, 429, 495 sqq. ; 608; and Cyprus, 469 ;
Theodore II's funeral oration, on, 498,
501; and Mongol menace, 638 sq.
Frederick III, Western Emperor, and Stephen
Vukčić, 574
Frederick Il of Aragon, King of Sicily, and
Catalans, 449; and duchy of Athens, 451;
453
Frederick III, King of Sicily, and Duke of
Athens, 455, 475
Frederick of Lorraine, see Stephen IX, Pope
Frederick of Randazzo, ruler of Athens, 475
French, captains with Leo II of Armeno-
Cilicia, 172; works on Ss. Cyril and
Methodius, 216; at court of Emperor
Manuel, 362; at Second Crusade, 366 sqq. ;
at conquest of Constantinople, 419; in
Genoa, 468; at battle of the Cephisus, 450;
in Greece, 474; at battle of Nicopolis, 561,
675 sq. ; 691; in Byzantine army, 738;
traveller at Constantinople, 746, 750 ;
fleet, 614; language at Theban court, 447
Friars, see " Crutched Friars,'' Dominicans,
Franciscans
Friesland, fishermen of, and Mongols, 639
Friuli, and Venice, 398; 402; duke of, see
Lupus
Froissart, on court of Epirus, 461
Fruyin (Prusianus), Bulgarian prince, and
1


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