This is transcendent
knowledge
(jnana) of
the true nature of reality, not as it appears to individuals in samsara.
the true nature of reality, not as it appears to individuals in samsara.
Khenchen-Thrangu-Rinpoche-The-Spiritual-Song-of-Lodro-Thaye
" Red element.
The residual seed essence of the mother's ovum, obtained at conception, which remains present in the centre of the body below the
navel for the duration ofa person's life.
Relative truth. (Tib. kunsop) There are two truths: relative and absolute or
ultimate truth. Relative truth is the perception of an ordinary {unenlightened) being who sees the world with all his or her projections based on the false belief in "! " and "other. "
Rigpa. The primordial, non-dual awareness in the Dzogchen teachings. Rinpoche. Literally, "very precious" and is used as a term of respect for a
Tibetan guru.
Root lama. A practitioner ofVajrayana can have several types of root guru:
the vajra master who confers empowerment, who bestows reading transmission, or who explains the meaning ofthe tantras. The ultimate root guru is the master who gives the "pointing out instructions" so that one recognizes the nature of mind.
Sakya Pandita. A hereditary head o f the Sakya lineage. A great scholar ( 1181- 1251 C. E. )
Samadhi. A state of meditation that is non-dualistic. There is an absence of discrimination between selfand other. Also called meditative absorption or one-pointed meditation, this is the highest form of meditation.
Samaya. The vows or commitments made in the Vajrayana to a teacher or to a practice. Many details exist but essentially it consists of outwardly, maintaining a harmonious relationship with the vajra master and one's dharma friends and inwardly, not straying from the continuity of the practice.
Sambhogakaya. There are three bodies of the Buddha, the sambhogakaya, also called the "enjoyment body," is a realm of the dharmakaya that only manifests to bodhisattvas {see kayas, three).
Samsara. "Cyclic existence. " The conditioned existence ofordinary life in which
? ? ! 56
THF SPIRITUAL SONG OF LODRO THAYE
suffering occurs because one still possesses attachment, aggression and ignorance. It is contrasted to nirvana. Through the force of karma motivated by ignorance, desire and anger one is forced to take on the impure aggregates and circle the wheel ofexistence until liberation.
Sentient beings. With consciousness; an animated being as opposed to an inanimate object. All beings with consciousness or mind who have not attained the liberation ofBuddhahood. This includes those individuals caught in the sufferings of samsara as well as those who have attained the levels ofa bodhisattva.
Shamatha. (Tib. shinay) See tranquility meditation.
Shamatha with support. The practice of calming the mind while using an
object of concentration, material or mental, or simply the breath. Shamatha without support. The act of calming the mind without any particular object, resting undistractedly. This practice serves as a prelude
for Mahamudra and should not be mistaken for the ultimate result. Shentong school. The Madhyamaka or Middle-way is divided into two major schools, Rangtong (empty of self) and Shentong (empty of other). Shentong is from the third turning ofthe wheel ofdharma and explains
that ultimate reality is emptiness and luminosity inseparable. Shunyata. See emptiness.
Siddha. An accomplished Buddhist practitioner.
Siddhi. "Accomplishment. " The spiritual accomplishments ofaccomplished
practitioners. Usually refers to the "supreme siddhi" of complete enlightenment, but can also mean the "common siddhis," eight mundane accomplishments.
Simplicity. I) The absence of creating mental constructs or conceptual formations about the nature ofthings. 2) The second stage in the practice of Mahamudra.
Six Dharmas (Yogas} ofNaropa. These six special yogic practices were transmitted from Naropa to Marpa and consist of the subtle heat practice, the illusory body practice, the dream yoga practice, the luminosity practice, the ejection ofconsciousness practice and the bardo practice.
? ? GLOSSARY OF TERMS
157
Six realms. The realms of the six classes of beings: gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts and hell beings. These are the possible types of births for beings in samsara and are: the god realm in which gods have great pride, the jealous god realm in which the jealous gods try to maintain what they have, the human realm which is the best realm because one has the possibility of achieving enlightenment, the animal realm characterized by stupidity, the hungry ghost realm characterized by great craving, and the hell realm characterized by aggression.
Spiritual song. See doha.
Stillness. Absence of thought activity and disturbing emotions, but with subtle
fixation on this stillness.
Subtle channels. (Skt. nadi, Tib. tsa) These refer to the subtle channels which
are not anatomical ones but ones in which psychic energies or "winds"
(Skt. prana, Tib. lung) travel.
Subtle heat. (Tib. tummo) An advanced Vajrayana practice for combining
bliss and emptiness producing heat as a by product.
Sugata. An epithet for the Buddha.
Sugatagarbha. (Tib. de sheg nying po) Buddha nature or that enlightened
essence present in all beings that allows them to have the capacity to
achieve enlightenment. It is closely related to tathagatagarbha. Supreme siddhi. Another word for enlightenment.
Sutra. Sometimes "surra" is used to cover all o f the teachings given by the Buddha
himself. But correctly it means one of the three sections of the dharma called the Tripitaka or Three Baskets. In the Tripitaka there are the Sutras, the Vinaya and the Abhidharma. The sutras are mainly concerned with meditation or samadhi; the Abhidharma is mainly concerned with the development of wisdom and understanding; and the Vinaya is mainly concerned with discipline and the rules o f morality and conduct.
Sutra Mahamudra. The Mahamudra system based on the Prajnaparamita scriptures and emphasizing Shamatha, Vipashyana and the progressive journey through the five paths and ten bhumis.
Svabhavikakaya. The "essence body. " Sometimes counted as the fourth kaya, the unity o f the first three.
? ? 158
THE SPIRITUAL SONG OF LODRO THAYE
Tantra. Literally, tantra means "continuity," and in Buddhism it refers to two specific things: the texts (resultant texts, or those that take the result as the path) that describe the practices leading from ignorance to enlightenment, including commentaries by tantric masters; and the way to enlightenment itself, encompassing the ground, path and fruition. One can divide Buddhism into the surra tradition and the tantra tradition. The surra tradition primarily involves the academic study of the Mahayana texts and the tantric path primarily involves practicing the Vajrayana practices. The tantras are primarily the texts of the Vajrayana practices.
Tantra Mahamudra. The same as mantra Mahamudra. The Mahamudra practice connected to the Six Yogas of Naropa.
Tathagatagarbha. (Tib. deshin shegpai nyingpo) This is the seed or essence of tathata (suchness) and is also called Buddha essence or enlightened essence. Terton. (Tib. ) A master in the Tibetan tradition who discovers treasures
(terma) which are teachings concealed by great masters of the past. Terma. (Tib. ) Literally, hidden treasure. Works which were hidden by great bodhisattvas and later rediscovered. They may be actual physical texts or
they may come from "the sky" as transmissions from the sambhogakaya. Three realms. These are three categories ofsamsara. The desire realm includes existences where beings are born with solid bodies due to their karma, ranging from the deva paradises to the hell realms. The form realm is where beings are born due to the power ofmeditation, and their bodies
are of subtle form in this realm. These are the meditation paradises. The formless realm is where beings due to their meditation (samadhi) have entered a state of meditation after death and the processes of thought and perception have ceased.
Three roots. Guru, yidam and dakini. Guru is the root ofblessings, yidam of accomplishment and dakini of activity.
Three sufferings. These are the suffering ofsuffering, the suffering ofchange, and pervasive suffering (meaning the inherent suffering in all of samsara).
Three vehicles. Hinayana, Mahayana and Vajrayana.
? ? GLOSSARY OF TERMS
159
Tilopa. (928-1 009 C. E. ) One of the eighty-four mahasiddhas who became the guru ofNaropa who transmitted his teachings to the Kagyu lineage in Tibet.
Tranquility meditation. (Tib. Shinay, Skt. Shamatha) One of the two main types of meditation, calm abiding, the meditative practice of calming the mind in order to rest free from the disturbance of thought activity; the other is insight or Vipashyana.
Tulku. (Tib. Skt. nirmanakaya) The Tibetan means "Multiple body. " It is the term used for describing the emanation body of an enlightened being or bodhisattva. The syllable tul has both direct and indirect meanings. The direct meaning is "multiple" and the indirect meaning, "manifestation," which refers to the sending out of compassion. It is the illusory emanation of the dharmakaya as a nirmanakaya form. Ku means body. In Tibet, however, it came to mean the emanation of an advanced Buddhist master who chooses to continue to incarnate for the benefit ofothers.
Tummo. (Tib. ) An advanced Vajrayana practice for combining bliss and emptiness which produces heat as a by product. This is one of the Six Yogas of Naropa.
Two accumulations. The accumulation of merit with concepts and the accumulation ofwisdom beyond concepts.
~jra. (Tib. dorje) Usually translated "diamond like. " This may be an implement held in the hand during certain Vajrayana ceremonies, or it can refer to a quality which is so pure and so enduring that it is like a diamond.
Vajradhara. (Tib. Dorje Chang) "Holder of the vajra. " ~jra means indestructible and dhara means holding, embracing or inseparable. The central figure in the Kagyu refuge tree, and indicating the transmission of the close lineage of the Mahamudra teachings to Tilopa. Vajradhara symbolizes the primordial wisdom of the dharmakaya and wears the ornaments of the sambhogakaya Buddha, symbolizing its richness.
~jrapani. A major bodhisattva said to be lord of the mantra and a major protector ofTibetan Buddhism.
? ? 160 THE SPIRITUAL SONG OF LODROTHAYE
Vajrasattva. The Buddha of purification. Vajrasattva practice is part of the four preliminary practices. A sambhogakaya Buddha who embodies all the five families. He is also a major source of purification practices.
Vajravarahi. A dakini who is the consort ofChakrasamvara. She is the main yidam of the Kagyu lineage and the embodiment of wisdom.
Vajrayana. Literally, "diamond-like" or "indestructible capacity. " Vajra here refers to method, so the method yana. There are three major traditions of Buddhism (Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana). The Vajrayana is based on the tantras and emphasizes the clarity aspect of phenomena. A practitioner of the method of taking the result as the path.
View, meditation andaction. The philosophical orientation, the act ofgrowing accustomed to that- usually in sitting practice- and the implementation ofthat insight during the activities ofdaily life. Each ofthe three vehicles has its particular definition ofview, meditation and action.
Vipashyana meditation. Sanskrit for "insight meditation. " This meditation develops insight into the nature of reality (Skt. dharmata). One of the two main aspects of meditation practice, the other being Shamatha.
Wangchuk Dorje. (1556-1603 C. E. ) The Ninth Karmapa.
Wisdom ofnature ofphenomena.
This is transcendent knowledge (jnana) of
the true nature of reality, not as it appears to individuals in samsara. Wisdom ofmultiplicity or variety. This is the transcendent knowledge (jnana)
of the variety of phenomena.
Wheel ofdharma. (Skt. dharmachakra) The Buddha's teachings correspond
to three levels which very briefly are: the first turning was the teachings on the Four Noble Truths and the teaching of the egolessness of person; the second turning was the teachings on emptiness and the emptiness of phenomena; the third turning was the teachings on luminosity and Buddha nature.
White element. The residual seed essence of the father's sperm, obtained at conception, which remains present in the centre ofthe body at the very top of the head for the duration of a person's life.
Ytzna. Means capacity. There are three yanas, narrow, (Hinayana) great (Mahayana) and indestructible (Vajrayana).
? ? GLOSSARY OF TERMS
161
Yidam. (Tib. ) Yi means mind and dam means pure, or yi means your mind and dam means inseparable. The yidam represents the practitioner's awakened nature or pure appearance. A tantric deity that embodies qualities ofBuddhahood and is practiced in the Vajrayana. Also called a tutelary deity.
Yidam meditation. Yidam meditation is the Vajrayana practice that uses the visualization ofa yidam.
Yoga. "Natural condition. " A person who practices this is called a yogi, characterized by leaving everything natural, just as it is, e. g. not washing or cutting your hair and nails etc. A female practitioner is called ayogini.
Yoga tantra. Literally, "union tantra" and refers to a tantra that places emphasis on internal meditations.
Yogi. Tantric practitioner.
Yogini. Female tantric practitioner.
? ? Pronounced
bakchag
chakgya chenpo
cho
dang
damar gyi shepa
deshin skekpai nying po
dondam dorje
Dorje Chang Dzogchen golsa sum gomme kagyu
kunzhi namshe kunrop
! hen chig
long cho dzok pay ku
lotsawa lung
lung marigpa mitog mon nong
Spelled
bag chags
phyag rgya chan po chos
gdangs
da lta'i shes pa
de bzhin gsheg pai'
snymgpo
don dam pai bden pa rdo rje
rdo rje chang
rdrogs chen
go! sa gsum
sgom med
bka' 'gyur
kun gzhi' rnam shes kun rdrob
! han chig
longs spyod rdzogs
pa'i sku lo tsa ba
rlung lung
rna rig pa
mi rrog nyon mongs
Meaning
latencies Mahamudra dharma brilliance
mind of nowness tathagatagarbha
ultimate truth vajra Vajradhara Dzogchen Three errors non-meditation Kagyu
alaya consciousness relative truth co-emergent sambhogakaya
translator
prana
reading instruction bewilderment non-thought disturbing emotion
Glossary of Tibetan Terms
? ? 164
THE SPIRITUAL SONG OF LODRO THAYE
nam
namshe nelug ngags Ngondro norbu sum nyam tog
osel
rang gsel
rang rig rang sal rigpa nyingpo
rigpa
kyen sum nalma
salwa
sang gye yeshe sherab
shi
shinay
soma
shorba
thamal gyi shepa tise
togyal
tri
trullug
tsal
tulku
tummo
nyams
rnam par shes pa gnas lugs
ngak
sngon 'gro
nor bu gsum nyams nogs
'od gsa!
rang gsa!
rang rig
rig pa snying po can
n g p a
rkyen gsum
rna! rna
gsa! ba
sangs rgyas ye shes shes rab
gshis
zhi gnas
so rna
shor sa
tha mal gyi shes pa tshig
thod rgal
khrid
'khrullug
rtsal
sprul sku
gtum mo
temporary experiences
consciOusness natural state mantra preliminaries three gems experience and
realization clear light
self-illuminating self-knowing heart essence
of awareness awareness
three conditions natural state luminosity awakened awareness prajna
true nature tranquility
meditation freshness
four deviations ordinary mind
seal
leaping over practice instruction confused aspect dynamic energy emanation body subtle heat
? ? yeng me yeshe Yidam ying
zo me zung jug
yengs med ye shes yidam dbyings
bzo med
,.
zung jug
non-distraction primordial wisdom med deity
dhatu space non-fabrication unity
GLOSSARY OF TIBETAN TERMS
165
? ? Bibliography
Kagyu Lineage Prayer (Pron. Dorje Tungma). This chant in libetan with an English translation and a commentary by Thrangu Rinpoche is available in Showing the Path to Liberation (New Zealand, Zhyisil Chokyi Ghatsal, 2002).
Rain ofWisdom, translated by Nalanda Translation Committee. Boulder: Shambhala, 1980. A collection ofthe spiritual songs ofthe Kagyu masters.
]amgon Kongtrul, Lodro Thaye
The five treasuries are given in Endnote 1.
Keith Dowman
Masters ofMahamudra (Albany, NY: State Universiry of New York, 1985).
Keith Dowman translated a work by Abhayadarra who collected the stories of eighty-four mahasiddhas. It should be noted that there were many more mahasiddhas than eight-four.
Nagarjuna
Knowledge ofthe Middle "Way (Skt Mula-madhyama-kakakarika, Tib. dbu rna
rrsa ba'i shes rab) This work has been translated several rimes. A new translation is Mulamadhyamakakarika ofNagarjuna by David Kalupahana, India, Motilal Banarsidass.
Shantideva
A Guide to the Bodhisattva's "Way ofLifo (Skr. Bodhicaryavatara, Tib. byang
chub sems dpa'i spyod pa Ia 'jug pa). Translated several times. One is Guide to the Bodhisattva "Way ofLifo translated by V. and T. Wallace Ithaca: New York: Snow Lion Publications.
Tashi Namgyal
Moonlight ofMahamudra (Skr. none, Tib. phyagchen zla ba'i odzer) Translated
as Mahamudra: the Quintessence ofMind and Meditation by Lhalungpa and published by Shambhala Publications,1986. An extremely derailed description ofMahamudra meditation. Thrangu Rinpoche's commentary
? ? 168 THE SPIRITUAL SONG OF LODRO THAYE
on this text is Essentials ofMahamudra: Looking Directly at the Mind. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2004.
Thrangu Rinpoche
Essentials ofMahamudra: Looking Directly at the Mind. Boston: Wisdom
Publications, 2004. A commentary on the Moonlight ofMahamudra. The Practice ofTranquility and Insight translated by Peter Roberts. Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion Publications, 1993. A detailed commentary on
Shamatha and Vipashyana meditation and their union.
Transcending Ego: Distinguishing Consciousness from Wisdom. Boulder: Namo
Buddha Publications, 2001.
The Uttaratantra, A Treatise on Buddha-Essence. USNNew Zealand: Namo
Buddha & Zhyisil Chokyi Ghatsal Publication 2003.
Uttara Tantra by Asanga and Maitreya (Skt. ratnagotravibhaga, Tib. rgyud bla ma, Pron. "gyu lama") This text was written by Asanga who received the transmission from the bodhisatrva Maitreya in Sanskrit in about the fourth century. The complete Tibetan text has been translated by Obermiller (E. Obermiller, Acta Orientalia, IX, 1931, pp. 81-306) and has been reprinted more recently in a book edited by H. S. Prasad (The UttaratantraofMaitreya. Delhi, India: Sri Satguru Publications, 1991). Thrangu Rinpoche has also written a commentary on this text called The Uttara Tantra: A Treatise on Buddha Nature. Boulder, Colorado: Namo Buddha Publications, 1994. This book also includes a translation of the 404 root verses and Rinpoche's commentary.
The Heart Sutra. (Skt. Prajnaparamita-hridaya-sutra, Tib. shes rab snyingpo'i mdo, Pron. "sherab nyinpo dho") Translated by Conze ( I 959) as Hridya- mahayana-sutra. One of the most important Mahayana surras which is often chanted each morning in dharma centers. It is a short sutra of the Buddha of several hundred words summarizing the Prajnaparamita teaching on the meditation on emptiness
The Heart Sutra. (Skt. Maha-prajnaparamita-mitahriidaya sutra, Tib. bcom /dan 'das mashes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa'i snying po'i mdo). This is a surra by the Buddha which is a condensation o f the Prajnaparamita sutra. This surra is chanted daily in almost all Mahayana Buddhist centers.
? ? A
affiictive consciousness 69, 70 alaya consciousness 61, 69
B
bhumi 40, 100
bindu 92
blessing 29-36,45-47,76,89-91,
120, bodhichitta 41, 42
bodhisattva level 40, 48, 100, 128, 129
Buddha-nature 54, 56, 65, 66, 86, 113
Buddhahood 40,41,45,49,58, 105, 119, 122, 128
c
chakra 34, 41
Chakrasamvara 37, 40, 123 clarity 34, 37, 38, 52, 57-59,61-
64,67,69,70,80,82-85,91-
92, 116, 120, 124, 125
dear light 65, 83, 101, 105, 106,
118, 119
co-emergent 69, 75, 76, 85 completion stage 58, 126 consciousness 30, 31, 57, 60-64,
68-71,95, 96, 104 creation stage 58
D
Index
desirerealm 91,92
devotion 29, 30, 32-34, 36, 37, 43,
45,49, 76,89,90 dharmadhatu 56, 57, 65, 66, 104-
106, 110, 117
dharmakaya 30, 31, 34, 35, 52, 65,
71, 75, 76,94-96, 109, 114-
117,125,126
dharmata 42, 105, 118
disturbing emotion 71, 81, 91, 110 doha 29
Dusum Khyenpa 40
Dzogchen 56
E
eight worldly concerns 33, 34 eighth consciousness 61, 62, 70 empowerment 34, 35, 40 enlightenment 40, 41, 46, 83, 116,
122, 128
F
five paths 100, 107
five wisdoms 104
form realm 91, 92
formless realm 92, 108
foundation consciousness 60-63, 68,
69-71
foundation Mahamudra 49, 50-52,
57, 74, 113, 119
four yogas 100, 106, 107
fruition Mahamudra 49, 50, 52-54,
Dakpo Kagyu 29, 36
75, 113, 114, 119, 121
? ? 170
THE SPIRITUAL SONG OF LODRO THAYE
G
Gampopa 40-42, 120 guru yoga 33, 37
H
Hevajra 39
J
Milarepa 40, 47, 120
Mind-only 58, 60
Moonbeams ofMahamudra 107, 108
N
nadi 92
namshe 57
Naropa 37, 38, 40, 47, 108, 109 nirmanakaya 72, 114, 116, 117,
124, 125
nirvana 54, 57, 73, 74, 118 non-thought 35, 85, 91, 92, 120
Jamgon Kongtrul 31-36,41,42, 45-47,49,50,80,81,94, 108-110,119,123,124
K
0 Kagyu 29,33,36,37,40,41,46,
75, 85, 109, 110, 121, 122, 126
Kagyu lineage 33, 37, 41, 109, 110, 126
Karma Kagyu 40, 41 Karma Pakshi 33
King lndrabhuti 33 klesha consciousness 61
L
lineage lama 29, 30, 36, 41, 42, 43,45,46,109
luminosity 34, 52, 57, 58, 61, 62,64-66,70, 72,83, 101, 105, 106, 116, 118, 124
M
Madhyamaka 53, 58
Mahamudra meditation 29, 83, 94,
108, 120 mara 83, 84
Marpa 37, 39, 40, 47
mental consciousness 61, 63, 64 Middle-way 55, 56, 58, 66, 71,86
obscuration 38, 51, 69, 105, I07, 109, 114
ordinary mind 79, 85-87, 94, 95, 101, 106, 114, 120
p
path Mahamudra 49, 52, 53, 74, 75, 89, 99, 110, 113
path of liberation 37 pathofmethod 37
Perna Nyingche Wangpo 32,34-36,
46,47, 109,123
prajna 37, 42, 73, 93, 118 Prajnaparamita 123
prana 37,38,39,92
preliminary practice 77
primordial wisdom 48, 94, 95, 96,
103, 104, 105, 114, 118
R
Rangjung Dorje 56 Rangtong 55, 56 red element 31 rigpa 94
? ? root guru 30, 32
root lama 32, 34, 36, 41, 90, 113,
sutra 13, 14, 26, 29, 42, 55, 56, 67, 87, 103, 122, 126, 141, 142, 146, 152, 155, 158
tantra 53, 55, 56, 66, 122, 123 tathagatagarbha 54, 56, 105 ten bodhisattva stages 107 Tilopa 36, 37, 40, 46, 47 togyal 93
twelve stages 107-1 08 two accumulations 42
u
Uttaratantra 53, 66
v
Vajradhara 30-32, 37, 90 Vajrayogini 39 Vipashyana 91, 96
w
white element 30, 31 wish-fulfilling jewel 36-37
y
yeshe 31, 43, 52, 57,95 yidam 58
123 sT
Sakya Pandita 108
Samadhi 29
samadhi 37, 40, 74, 76, 77, 84,
85, 101
Sambhogakaya 116, 131 sambhogakaya 30, 72, 114, 115,
116, 124' 125 Samsara 54
samsara 54, 55, 57, 68, 70, 71, 73, 74, 85, 96, 118, 122
Shamatha 39, 77, 91, 96, 97 Shantideva 81
Shentong 56, 66
siddha 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 46,
47,48,49,122 siddhi 30, 39, 49
Six Realm 10, 127
Six Yogas ofNaropa 37,38 spiritual song 29, 30, 43, 108 subtle heat 38, 39, 40 Sugatagarbha 65 sugatagarbha 65, 66
Sutra 155, 158
INDEX
171
? Care of Dharma Books
Dharma books contain the teachings of the Buddha. They have the power to protect against lower rebirth and to point the way to liberation. Therefore, they should be treated with respect.
These considerations may be also kept in mind for Dharma artwork, as well as the written teachings and artwork of other religions.
navel for the duration ofa person's life.
Relative truth. (Tib. kunsop) There are two truths: relative and absolute or
ultimate truth. Relative truth is the perception of an ordinary {unenlightened) being who sees the world with all his or her projections based on the false belief in "! " and "other. "
Rigpa. The primordial, non-dual awareness in the Dzogchen teachings. Rinpoche. Literally, "very precious" and is used as a term of respect for a
Tibetan guru.
Root lama. A practitioner ofVajrayana can have several types of root guru:
the vajra master who confers empowerment, who bestows reading transmission, or who explains the meaning ofthe tantras. The ultimate root guru is the master who gives the "pointing out instructions" so that one recognizes the nature of mind.
Sakya Pandita. A hereditary head o f the Sakya lineage. A great scholar ( 1181- 1251 C. E. )
Samadhi. A state of meditation that is non-dualistic. There is an absence of discrimination between selfand other. Also called meditative absorption or one-pointed meditation, this is the highest form of meditation.
Samaya. The vows or commitments made in the Vajrayana to a teacher or to a practice. Many details exist but essentially it consists of outwardly, maintaining a harmonious relationship with the vajra master and one's dharma friends and inwardly, not straying from the continuity of the practice.
Sambhogakaya. There are three bodies of the Buddha, the sambhogakaya, also called the "enjoyment body," is a realm of the dharmakaya that only manifests to bodhisattvas {see kayas, three).
Samsara. "Cyclic existence. " The conditioned existence ofordinary life in which
? ? ! 56
THF SPIRITUAL SONG OF LODRO THAYE
suffering occurs because one still possesses attachment, aggression and ignorance. It is contrasted to nirvana. Through the force of karma motivated by ignorance, desire and anger one is forced to take on the impure aggregates and circle the wheel ofexistence until liberation.
Sentient beings. With consciousness; an animated being as opposed to an inanimate object. All beings with consciousness or mind who have not attained the liberation ofBuddhahood. This includes those individuals caught in the sufferings of samsara as well as those who have attained the levels ofa bodhisattva.
Shamatha. (Tib. shinay) See tranquility meditation.
Shamatha with support. The practice of calming the mind while using an
object of concentration, material or mental, or simply the breath. Shamatha without support. The act of calming the mind without any particular object, resting undistractedly. This practice serves as a prelude
for Mahamudra and should not be mistaken for the ultimate result. Shentong school. The Madhyamaka or Middle-way is divided into two major schools, Rangtong (empty of self) and Shentong (empty of other). Shentong is from the third turning ofthe wheel ofdharma and explains
that ultimate reality is emptiness and luminosity inseparable. Shunyata. See emptiness.
Siddha. An accomplished Buddhist practitioner.
Siddhi. "Accomplishment. " The spiritual accomplishments ofaccomplished
practitioners. Usually refers to the "supreme siddhi" of complete enlightenment, but can also mean the "common siddhis," eight mundane accomplishments.
Simplicity. I) The absence of creating mental constructs or conceptual formations about the nature ofthings. 2) The second stage in the practice of Mahamudra.
Six Dharmas (Yogas} ofNaropa. These six special yogic practices were transmitted from Naropa to Marpa and consist of the subtle heat practice, the illusory body practice, the dream yoga practice, the luminosity practice, the ejection ofconsciousness practice and the bardo practice.
? ? GLOSSARY OF TERMS
157
Six realms. The realms of the six classes of beings: gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts and hell beings. These are the possible types of births for beings in samsara and are: the god realm in which gods have great pride, the jealous god realm in which the jealous gods try to maintain what they have, the human realm which is the best realm because one has the possibility of achieving enlightenment, the animal realm characterized by stupidity, the hungry ghost realm characterized by great craving, and the hell realm characterized by aggression.
Spiritual song. See doha.
Stillness. Absence of thought activity and disturbing emotions, but with subtle
fixation on this stillness.
Subtle channels. (Skt. nadi, Tib. tsa) These refer to the subtle channels which
are not anatomical ones but ones in which psychic energies or "winds"
(Skt. prana, Tib. lung) travel.
Subtle heat. (Tib. tummo) An advanced Vajrayana practice for combining
bliss and emptiness producing heat as a by product.
Sugata. An epithet for the Buddha.
Sugatagarbha. (Tib. de sheg nying po) Buddha nature or that enlightened
essence present in all beings that allows them to have the capacity to
achieve enlightenment. It is closely related to tathagatagarbha. Supreme siddhi. Another word for enlightenment.
Sutra. Sometimes "surra" is used to cover all o f the teachings given by the Buddha
himself. But correctly it means one of the three sections of the dharma called the Tripitaka or Three Baskets. In the Tripitaka there are the Sutras, the Vinaya and the Abhidharma. The sutras are mainly concerned with meditation or samadhi; the Abhidharma is mainly concerned with the development of wisdom and understanding; and the Vinaya is mainly concerned with discipline and the rules o f morality and conduct.
Sutra Mahamudra. The Mahamudra system based on the Prajnaparamita scriptures and emphasizing Shamatha, Vipashyana and the progressive journey through the five paths and ten bhumis.
Svabhavikakaya. The "essence body. " Sometimes counted as the fourth kaya, the unity o f the first three.
? ? 158
THE SPIRITUAL SONG OF LODRO THAYE
Tantra. Literally, tantra means "continuity," and in Buddhism it refers to two specific things: the texts (resultant texts, or those that take the result as the path) that describe the practices leading from ignorance to enlightenment, including commentaries by tantric masters; and the way to enlightenment itself, encompassing the ground, path and fruition. One can divide Buddhism into the surra tradition and the tantra tradition. The surra tradition primarily involves the academic study of the Mahayana texts and the tantric path primarily involves practicing the Vajrayana practices. The tantras are primarily the texts of the Vajrayana practices.
Tantra Mahamudra. The same as mantra Mahamudra. The Mahamudra practice connected to the Six Yogas of Naropa.
Tathagatagarbha. (Tib. deshin shegpai nyingpo) This is the seed or essence of tathata (suchness) and is also called Buddha essence or enlightened essence. Terton. (Tib. ) A master in the Tibetan tradition who discovers treasures
(terma) which are teachings concealed by great masters of the past. Terma. (Tib. ) Literally, hidden treasure. Works which were hidden by great bodhisattvas and later rediscovered. They may be actual physical texts or
they may come from "the sky" as transmissions from the sambhogakaya. Three realms. These are three categories ofsamsara. The desire realm includes existences where beings are born with solid bodies due to their karma, ranging from the deva paradises to the hell realms. The form realm is where beings are born due to the power ofmeditation, and their bodies
are of subtle form in this realm. These are the meditation paradises. The formless realm is where beings due to their meditation (samadhi) have entered a state of meditation after death and the processes of thought and perception have ceased.
Three roots. Guru, yidam and dakini. Guru is the root ofblessings, yidam of accomplishment and dakini of activity.
Three sufferings. These are the suffering ofsuffering, the suffering ofchange, and pervasive suffering (meaning the inherent suffering in all of samsara).
Three vehicles. Hinayana, Mahayana and Vajrayana.
? ? GLOSSARY OF TERMS
159
Tilopa. (928-1 009 C. E. ) One of the eighty-four mahasiddhas who became the guru ofNaropa who transmitted his teachings to the Kagyu lineage in Tibet.
Tranquility meditation. (Tib. Shinay, Skt. Shamatha) One of the two main types of meditation, calm abiding, the meditative practice of calming the mind in order to rest free from the disturbance of thought activity; the other is insight or Vipashyana.
Tulku. (Tib. Skt. nirmanakaya) The Tibetan means "Multiple body. " It is the term used for describing the emanation body of an enlightened being or bodhisattva. The syllable tul has both direct and indirect meanings. The direct meaning is "multiple" and the indirect meaning, "manifestation," which refers to the sending out of compassion. It is the illusory emanation of the dharmakaya as a nirmanakaya form. Ku means body. In Tibet, however, it came to mean the emanation of an advanced Buddhist master who chooses to continue to incarnate for the benefit ofothers.
Tummo. (Tib. ) An advanced Vajrayana practice for combining bliss and emptiness which produces heat as a by product. This is one of the Six Yogas of Naropa.
Two accumulations. The accumulation of merit with concepts and the accumulation ofwisdom beyond concepts.
~jra. (Tib. dorje) Usually translated "diamond like. " This may be an implement held in the hand during certain Vajrayana ceremonies, or it can refer to a quality which is so pure and so enduring that it is like a diamond.
Vajradhara. (Tib. Dorje Chang) "Holder of the vajra. " ~jra means indestructible and dhara means holding, embracing or inseparable. The central figure in the Kagyu refuge tree, and indicating the transmission of the close lineage of the Mahamudra teachings to Tilopa. Vajradhara symbolizes the primordial wisdom of the dharmakaya and wears the ornaments of the sambhogakaya Buddha, symbolizing its richness.
~jrapani. A major bodhisattva said to be lord of the mantra and a major protector ofTibetan Buddhism.
? ? 160 THE SPIRITUAL SONG OF LODROTHAYE
Vajrasattva. The Buddha of purification. Vajrasattva practice is part of the four preliminary practices. A sambhogakaya Buddha who embodies all the five families. He is also a major source of purification practices.
Vajravarahi. A dakini who is the consort ofChakrasamvara. She is the main yidam of the Kagyu lineage and the embodiment of wisdom.
Vajrayana. Literally, "diamond-like" or "indestructible capacity. " Vajra here refers to method, so the method yana. There are three major traditions of Buddhism (Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana). The Vajrayana is based on the tantras and emphasizes the clarity aspect of phenomena. A practitioner of the method of taking the result as the path.
View, meditation andaction. The philosophical orientation, the act ofgrowing accustomed to that- usually in sitting practice- and the implementation ofthat insight during the activities ofdaily life. Each ofthe three vehicles has its particular definition ofview, meditation and action.
Vipashyana meditation. Sanskrit for "insight meditation. " This meditation develops insight into the nature of reality (Skt. dharmata). One of the two main aspects of meditation practice, the other being Shamatha.
Wangchuk Dorje. (1556-1603 C. E. ) The Ninth Karmapa.
Wisdom ofnature ofphenomena.
This is transcendent knowledge (jnana) of
the true nature of reality, not as it appears to individuals in samsara. Wisdom ofmultiplicity or variety. This is the transcendent knowledge (jnana)
of the variety of phenomena.
Wheel ofdharma. (Skt. dharmachakra) The Buddha's teachings correspond
to three levels which very briefly are: the first turning was the teachings on the Four Noble Truths and the teaching of the egolessness of person; the second turning was the teachings on emptiness and the emptiness of phenomena; the third turning was the teachings on luminosity and Buddha nature.
White element. The residual seed essence of the father's sperm, obtained at conception, which remains present in the centre ofthe body at the very top of the head for the duration of a person's life.
Ytzna. Means capacity. There are three yanas, narrow, (Hinayana) great (Mahayana) and indestructible (Vajrayana).
? ? GLOSSARY OF TERMS
161
Yidam. (Tib. ) Yi means mind and dam means pure, or yi means your mind and dam means inseparable. The yidam represents the practitioner's awakened nature or pure appearance. A tantric deity that embodies qualities ofBuddhahood and is practiced in the Vajrayana. Also called a tutelary deity.
Yidam meditation. Yidam meditation is the Vajrayana practice that uses the visualization ofa yidam.
Yoga. "Natural condition. " A person who practices this is called a yogi, characterized by leaving everything natural, just as it is, e. g. not washing or cutting your hair and nails etc. A female practitioner is called ayogini.
Yoga tantra. Literally, "union tantra" and refers to a tantra that places emphasis on internal meditations.
Yogi. Tantric practitioner.
Yogini. Female tantric practitioner.
? ? Pronounced
bakchag
chakgya chenpo
cho
dang
damar gyi shepa
deshin skekpai nying po
dondam dorje
Dorje Chang Dzogchen golsa sum gomme kagyu
kunzhi namshe kunrop
! hen chig
long cho dzok pay ku
lotsawa lung
lung marigpa mitog mon nong
Spelled
bag chags
phyag rgya chan po chos
gdangs
da lta'i shes pa
de bzhin gsheg pai'
snymgpo
don dam pai bden pa rdo rje
rdo rje chang
rdrogs chen
go! sa gsum
sgom med
bka' 'gyur
kun gzhi' rnam shes kun rdrob
! han chig
longs spyod rdzogs
pa'i sku lo tsa ba
rlung lung
rna rig pa
mi rrog nyon mongs
Meaning
latencies Mahamudra dharma brilliance
mind of nowness tathagatagarbha
ultimate truth vajra Vajradhara Dzogchen Three errors non-meditation Kagyu
alaya consciousness relative truth co-emergent sambhogakaya
translator
prana
reading instruction bewilderment non-thought disturbing emotion
Glossary of Tibetan Terms
? ? 164
THE SPIRITUAL SONG OF LODRO THAYE
nam
namshe nelug ngags Ngondro norbu sum nyam tog
osel
rang gsel
rang rig rang sal rigpa nyingpo
rigpa
kyen sum nalma
salwa
sang gye yeshe sherab
shi
shinay
soma
shorba
thamal gyi shepa tise
togyal
tri
trullug
tsal
tulku
tummo
nyams
rnam par shes pa gnas lugs
ngak
sngon 'gro
nor bu gsum nyams nogs
'od gsa!
rang gsa!
rang rig
rig pa snying po can
n g p a
rkyen gsum
rna! rna
gsa! ba
sangs rgyas ye shes shes rab
gshis
zhi gnas
so rna
shor sa
tha mal gyi shes pa tshig
thod rgal
khrid
'khrullug
rtsal
sprul sku
gtum mo
temporary experiences
consciOusness natural state mantra preliminaries three gems experience and
realization clear light
self-illuminating self-knowing heart essence
of awareness awareness
three conditions natural state luminosity awakened awareness prajna
true nature tranquility
meditation freshness
four deviations ordinary mind
seal
leaping over practice instruction confused aspect dynamic energy emanation body subtle heat
? ? yeng me yeshe Yidam ying
zo me zung jug
yengs med ye shes yidam dbyings
bzo med
,.
zung jug
non-distraction primordial wisdom med deity
dhatu space non-fabrication unity
GLOSSARY OF TIBETAN TERMS
165
? ? Bibliography
Kagyu Lineage Prayer (Pron. Dorje Tungma). This chant in libetan with an English translation and a commentary by Thrangu Rinpoche is available in Showing the Path to Liberation (New Zealand, Zhyisil Chokyi Ghatsal, 2002).
Rain ofWisdom, translated by Nalanda Translation Committee. Boulder: Shambhala, 1980. A collection ofthe spiritual songs ofthe Kagyu masters.
]amgon Kongtrul, Lodro Thaye
The five treasuries are given in Endnote 1.
Keith Dowman
Masters ofMahamudra (Albany, NY: State Universiry of New York, 1985).
Keith Dowman translated a work by Abhayadarra who collected the stories of eighty-four mahasiddhas. It should be noted that there were many more mahasiddhas than eight-four.
Nagarjuna
Knowledge ofthe Middle "Way (Skt Mula-madhyama-kakakarika, Tib. dbu rna
rrsa ba'i shes rab) This work has been translated several rimes. A new translation is Mulamadhyamakakarika ofNagarjuna by David Kalupahana, India, Motilal Banarsidass.
Shantideva
A Guide to the Bodhisattva's "Way ofLifo (Skr. Bodhicaryavatara, Tib. byang
chub sems dpa'i spyod pa Ia 'jug pa). Translated several times. One is Guide to the Bodhisattva "Way ofLifo translated by V. and T. Wallace Ithaca: New York: Snow Lion Publications.
Tashi Namgyal
Moonlight ofMahamudra (Skr. none, Tib. phyagchen zla ba'i odzer) Translated
as Mahamudra: the Quintessence ofMind and Meditation by Lhalungpa and published by Shambhala Publications,1986. An extremely derailed description ofMahamudra meditation. Thrangu Rinpoche's commentary
? ? 168 THE SPIRITUAL SONG OF LODRO THAYE
on this text is Essentials ofMahamudra: Looking Directly at the Mind. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2004.
Thrangu Rinpoche
Essentials ofMahamudra: Looking Directly at the Mind. Boston: Wisdom
Publications, 2004. A commentary on the Moonlight ofMahamudra. The Practice ofTranquility and Insight translated by Peter Roberts. Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion Publications, 1993. A detailed commentary on
Shamatha and Vipashyana meditation and their union.
Transcending Ego: Distinguishing Consciousness from Wisdom. Boulder: Namo
Buddha Publications, 2001.
The Uttaratantra, A Treatise on Buddha-Essence. USNNew Zealand: Namo
Buddha & Zhyisil Chokyi Ghatsal Publication 2003.
Uttara Tantra by Asanga and Maitreya (Skt. ratnagotravibhaga, Tib. rgyud bla ma, Pron. "gyu lama") This text was written by Asanga who received the transmission from the bodhisatrva Maitreya in Sanskrit in about the fourth century. The complete Tibetan text has been translated by Obermiller (E. Obermiller, Acta Orientalia, IX, 1931, pp. 81-306) and has been reprinted more recently in a book edited by H. S. Prasad (The UttaratantraofMaitreya. Delhi, India: Sri Satguru Publications, 1991). Thrangu Rinpoche has also written a commentary on this text called The Uttara Tantra: A Treatise on Buddha Nature. Boulder, Colorado: Namo Buddha Publications, 1994. This book also includes a translation of the 404 root verses and Rinpoche's commentary.
The Heart Sutra. (Skt. Prajnaparamita-hridaya-sutra, Tib. shes rab snyingpo'i mdo, Pron. "sherab nyinpo dho") Translated by Conze ( I 959) as Hridya- mahayana-sutra. One of the most important Mahayana surras which is often chanted each morning in dharma centers. It is a short sutra of the Buddha of several hundred words summarizing the Prajnaparamita teaching on the meditation on emptiness
The Heart Sutra. (Skt. Maha-prajnaparamita-mitahriidaya sutra, Tib. bcom /dan 'das mashes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa'i snying po'i mdo). This is a surra by the Buddha which is a condensation o f the Prajnaparamita sutra. This surra is chanted daily in almost all Mahayana Buddhist centers.
? ? A
affiictive consciousness 69, 70 alaya consciousness 61, 69
B
bhumi 40, 100
bindu 92
blessing 29-36,45-47,76,89-91,
120, bodhichitta 41, 42
bodhisattva level 40, 48, 100, 128, 129
Buddha-nature 54, 56, 65, 66, 86, 113
Buddhahood 40,41,45,49,58, 105, 119, 122, 128
c
chakra 34, 41
Chakrasamvara 37, 40, 123 clarity 34, 37, 38, 52, 57-59,61-
64,67,69,70,80,82-85,91-
92, 116, 120, 124, 125
dear light 65, 83, 101, 105, 106,
118, 119
co-emergent 69, 75, 76, 85 completion stage 58, 126 consciousness 30, 31, 57, 60-64,
68-71,95, 96, 104 creation stage 58
D
Index
desirerealm 91,92
devotion 29, 30, 32-34, 36, 37, 43,
45,49, 76,89,90 dharmadhatu 56, 57, 65, 66, 104-
106, 110, 117
dharmakaya 30, 31, 34, 35, 52, 65,
71, 75, 76,94-96, 109, 114-
117,125,126
dharmata 42, 105, 118
disturbing emotion 71, 81, 91, 110 doha 29
Dusum Khyenpa 40
Dzogchen 56
E
eight worldly concerns 33, 34 eighth consciousness 61, 62, 70 empowerment 34, 35, 40 enlightenment 40, 41, 46, 83, 116,
122, 128
F
five paths 100, 107
five wisdoms 104
form realm 91, 92
formless realm 92, 108
foundation consciousness 60-63, 68,
69-71
foundation Mahamudra 49, 50-52,
57, 74, 113, 119
four yogas 100, 106, 107
fruition Mahamudra 49, 50, 52-54,
Dakpo Kagyu 29, 36
75, 113, 114, 119, 121
? ? 170
THE SPIRITUAL SONG OF LODRO THAYE
G
Gampopa 40-42, 120 guru yoga 33, 37
H
Hevajra 39
J
Milarepa 40, 47, 120
Mind-only 58, 60
Moonbeams ofMahamudra 107, 108
N
nadi 92
namshe 57
Naropa 37, 38, 40, 47, 108, 109 nirmanakaya 72, 114, 116, 117,
124, 125
nirvana 54, 57, 73, 74, 118 non-thought 35, 85, 91, 92, 120
Jamgon Kongtrul 31-36,41,42, 45-47,49,50,80,81,94, 108-110,119,123,124
K
0 Kagyu 29,33,36,37,40,41,46,
75, 85, 109, 110, 121, 122, 126
Kagyu lineage 33, 37, 41, 109, 110, 126
Karma Kagyu 40, 41 Karma Pakshi 33
King lndrabhuti 33 klesha consciousness 61
L
lineage lama 29, 30, 36, 41, 42, 43,45,46,109
luminosity 34, 52, 57, 58, 61, 62,64-66,70, 72,83, 101, 105, 106, 116, 118, 124
M
Madhyamaka 53, 58
Mahamudra meditation 29, 83, 94,
108, 120 mara 83, 84
Marpa 37, 39, 40, 47
mental consciousness 61, 63, 64 Middle-way 55, 56, 58, 66, 71,86
obscuration 38, 51, 69, 105, I07, 109, 114
ordinary mind 79, 85-87, 94, 95, 101, 106, 114, 120
p
path Mahamudra 49, 52, 53, 74, 75, 89, 99, 110, 113
path of liberation 37 pathofmethod 37
Perna Nyingche Wangpo 32,34-36,
46,47, 109,123
prajna 37, 42, 73, 93, 118 Prajnaparamita 123
prana 37,38,39,92
preliminary practice 77
primordial wisdom 48, 94, 95, 96,
103, 104, 105, 114, 118
R
Rangjung Dorje 56 Rangtong 55, 56 red element 31 rigpa 94
? ? root guru 30, 32
root lama 32, 34, 36, 41, 90, 113,
sutra 13, 14, 26, 29, 42, 55, 56, 67, 87, 103, 122, 126, 141, 142, 146, 152, 155, 158
tantra 53, 55, 56, 66, 122, 123 tathagatagarbha 54, 56, 105 ten bodhisattva stages 107 Tilopa 36, 37, 40, 46, 47 togyal 93
twelve stages 107-1 08 two accumulations 42
u
Uttaratantra 53, 66
v
Vajradhara 30-32, 37, 90 Vajrayogini 39 Vipashyana 91, 96
w
white element 30, 31 wish-fulfilling jewel 36-37
y
yeshe 31, 43, 52, 57,95 yidam 58
123 sT
Sakya Pandita 108
Samadhi 29
samadhi 37, 40, 74, 76, 77, 84,
85, 101
Sambhogakaya 116, 131 sambhogakaya 30, 72, 114, 115,
116, 124' 125 Samsara 54
samsara 54, 55, 57, 68, 70, 71, 73, 74, 85, 96, 118, 122
Shamatha 39, 77, 91, 96, 97 Shantideva 81
Shentong 56, 66
siddha 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 46,
47,48,49,122 siddhi 30, 39, 49
Six Realm 10, 127
Six Yogas ofNaropa 37,38 spiritual song 29, 30, 43, 108 subtle heat 38, 39, 40 Sugatagarbha 65 sugatagarbha 65, 66
Sutra 155, 158
INDEX
171
? Care of Dharma Books
Dharma books contain the teachings of the Buddha. They have the power to protect against lower rebirth and to point the way to liberation. Therefore, they should be treated with respect.
These considerations may be also kept in mind for Dharma artwork, as well as the written teachings and artwork of other religions.
