_ "When I look at all the childish follies, the empty
pursuits, the ill-directed ambition that, in spite of an affectation
of outward gravity and severity of manners, disgraces even men of
advanced years; the senseless pursuits of men who ought to have given
up all the trifling amusements of childhood, and who yet assume the
grave privilege of censuring younger men; it is difficult not to write
satire.
pursuits, the ill-directed ambition that, in spite of an affectation
of outward gravity and severity of manners, disgraces even men of
advanced years; the senseless pursuits of men who ought to have given
up all the trifling amusements of childhood, and who yet assume the
grave privilege of censuring younger men; it is difficult not to write
satire.
Satires
[1183]
P. Is it to me you say this?
A. Nobody, by Hercules!
P. Nobody! Say two perhaps, or--
A. Nobody. It is mean and pitiful stuff!
P. Wherefore? No doubt "Polydamas[1184] and Trojan dames" will prefer
Labeo to me--
A. It is all stuff!
P. Whatever turbid Rome[1185] may disparage, do not thou join their
number; nor by that scale of theirs seek to correct thy own false
balance, nor seek[1186] thyself out of thyself. For who is there
at Rome that is not[1187]--Ah! if I might but speak! [1188] But I
may,[1189] when I look at our gray hairs,[1190] and our severe way
of life, and all that we commit since we abandoned our childhood's
nuts. [1191] When we savor of uncles,[1192] then--then forgive!
A. I will not!
P. What must I do? [1193] For I am a hearty laugher with a saucy spleen.
We write, having shut ourselves in,[1194] one man verses, another free
from the trammels of metre, something grandiloquent, which the lungs
widely distended with breath may give vent to.
And this, of course, some day, with your hair combed and a new
toga,[1195] all in white with your birthday Sardonyx,[1196] you
will read out from your lofty seat,[1197] to the people, when you
have rinsed[1198] your throat, made flexible by the liquid gargle;
languidly leering with lascivious eye! Here you may see the tall
Titi[1199] in trembling excitement, with lewdness of manner and
agitation of voice, when the verses enter their loins,[1200] and their
inmost parts are titillated with the lascivious strain.
P. And dost thou, in thy old age,[1201] collect dainty bits for the
ears of others? Ears to which even thou, bursting[1202] with vanity,
wouldst say, "Hold, enough! "
A. To what purpose is your learning, unless this leaven, and this wild
fig-tree[1203] which has once taken life within, shall burst through
your liver and shoot forth?
P. See that pallor and premature old age! [1204] Oh Morals! [1205] Is
then your knowledge so absolutely naught, unless another know you have
that knowledge? [1206]
A. But it is a fine thing to be pointed at with the finger,[1207]
and that it should be said, "That's he! " Do you value it at
nothing, that your works should form the studies[1208] of a hundred
curly-headed[1209] youths?
P. See! [1210] over their cups,[1211] the well-filled Romans[1212]
inquire of what the divine poems tell. Here some one, who has
a hyacinthine robe round his shoulders, snuffling through his
nose[1213] some stale ditty, distills and from his dainty palate
lisps trippingly[1214] his Phyllises,[1215] Hypsipyles, and all the
deplorable strains of the poets. The heroes hum assent! [1216] Now are
not the ashes[1217] of the poet blest? Does not a tomb-stone press
with lighter weight[1218] upon his bones? The guests applaud. Now
from those Manes of his, now from his tomb and favored ashes, will not
violets spring? [1219]
A. You are mocking and indulging in too scornful a sneer. [1220] Lives
there the man who would disown the wish to deserve the people's
praise,[1221] and having uttered words worthy of the cedar,[1222]
to leave behind him verses that dread neither herrings[1223] nor
frankincense?
P. Whoever thou art that hast just spoken, and that hast a fair
right[1224] to plead on the opposite side, I, for my part, when I
write, if any thing perchance comes forth[1225] aptly expressed (though
this is, I own, a rare bird[1226]), yet if any thing does come forth,
I would not shrink from being praised: for indeed my heart is not of
horn. But I deny that that "excellently! " and "beautifully! "[1227] of
yours is the end and object of what is right. For sift thoroughly
all this "beautifully! " and what does it not comprise within it! Is
there not to be found in it the Iliad of Accius,[1228] intoxicated
with hellebore? are there not all the paltry sonnets our crude[1229]
nobles have dictated? in fine, is there not all that is composed on
couches of citron? [1230] You know how to set before your guests the hot
paunch;[1231] and how to make a present of your threadbare cloak to
your companion shivering with cold,[1232] and then you say, "I do love
the truth! [1233] tell me the truth about myself! " How is that possible?
Would you like me to tell it you? Thou drivelest,[1234] Bald-pate,
while thy bloated paunch projects a good foot and a half hanging in
front! O Janus! whom no stork[1235] pecks at from behind, no hand that
with rapid motion imitates the white ass's ears, no tongue mocks,
projecting as far as that of the thirsting hound of Apulia! Ye, O
patrician blood! [1236] whose privilege[1237] it is to live with no eyes
at the back of your head, prevent[1238] the scoffs[1239] that are made
behind your back!
What is the people's verdict? What should it be, but that now at length
verses flow in harmonious numbers, and the skillful joining[1240]
allows the critical nails to glide over its polished surface: he
knows how to carry on his verse as if he were drawing a ruddle line
with one eye[1241] closed. Whether he has occasion to write against
public morals, against luxury, or the banquets of the great, the Muses
vouchsafe to our Poet[1242] the saying brilliant things. And see! now
we see those introducing heroic[1243] sentiments, that were wont to
trifle in Greek: that have not even skill enough to describe a grove.
Nor praise the bountiful country, where are baskets,[1244] and the
hearth, and porkers, and the smoky palilia with the hay: whence Remus
sprung, and thou, O Quintius,[1245] wearing away the plow-boards in
the furrow, when thy wife with trembling haste invested thee with
the dictatorship in front of thy team, and the lictor bore thy plow
home--Bravo, poet!
Some even now delight in the turgid book of Brisæan Accius,[1246] and
in Pacuvius, and warty[1247] Antiopa, "her dolorific heart propped up
with woe. " When you see purblind sires instilling these precepts into
their sons, do you inquire whence came this gallimaufry[1248] of speech
into our language? Whence that disgrace,[1249] in which the effeminate
Trossulus[1250] leaps up in ecstasy at you, from his bench.
Are you not ashamed[1251] that you can not ward off danger from a
hoary head, without longing to hear the lukewarm "Decently[1252] said! "
"You are a thief! " says the accuser to Pedius. What says Pedius? [1253]
He balances the charge in polished antitheses. He gets the praise of
introducing learned figures. "That is fine! " Fine, is it? [1254] O
Romulus, dost thou wag thy tail? [1255] Were the shipwrecked man to
sing, would he move my pity, forsooth, or should I bring forth my
penny? Do you sing, while you are carrying about a picture[1256] of
yourself on a fragment of wood, hanging from your shoulders. He that
aims at bowing me down by his piteous complaint, must whine out what is
real,[1257] and not studied and got up of a night.
A. But the numbers have grace, and crude as you call them, there is a
judicious combination.
P. He has learned thus to close his line. "Berecynthean Atys;"[1258]
and, "The Dolphin that clave the azure Nereus. " So again, "We filched
away a chine from long-extending Apennine. "
A. "Arms and the man. "[1259] Is not this frothy, with a pithless rind?
P. Like a huge branch, well seasoned, with gigantic bark!
A. What then is a tender strain, and that should be read with neck
relaxed? [1260]
P. "With Mimallonean[1261] hums they filled their savage horns; and
Bassaris, from the proud steer about to rive the ravished head, and
Mænas, that would guide the lynx with ivy-clusters, re-echoes Evion;
and reproductive Echo reverberates the sound! " Could such verses be
written, did one spark of our fathers' vigor still exist in us? This
nerveless stuff dribbles on the lips, on the topmost spittle. In drivel
vests this Mænas and Attis. It neither beats the desk,[1262] nor savors
of bitten nails.
A. But what need is there to grate on delicate ears with biting truth?
Take care, I pray, lest haply the thresholds of the great[1263] grow
cold to you. Here the dog's letter[1264] sounds from the nostril. For
me[1265] then, henceforth, let all be white. I'll not oppose it. Bravo!
For you shall all be very wonderful productions! Does that please you?
"Here, you say, I forbid any one's committing a nuisance. " Then paint
up two snakes. Boys, go farther away: the place is sacred! I go away.
P. Yet Lucilius lashed[1266] the city, and thee, O Lupus,[1267]
and thee too, Mucius,[1268] and broke his jaw-bone[1269] on them.
Sly Flaccus touches every failing of his smiling friend, and, once
admitted, sports around his heart; well skilled in sneering[1270] at
the people with well-dissembled[1271] sarcasm. And is it then a crime
for me to mutter, secretly, or in a hole?
A. You must do it nowhere.
P. Yet here I will bury it! I saw, I saw with my own[1272] eyes, my
little book! Who has not asses' ears? [1273] This my buried secret, this
my sneer, so valueless, I would not sell you for any Iliad. [1274]
Whoever thou art, that art inspired[1275] by the bold Cratinus, and
growest pale over the wrathful Eupolis and the old man sublime, turn
thine eyes on these verses also, if haply thou hearest any thing more
refined. [1276] Let my reader glow with ears warmed by their strains.
Not he that delights, like a mean fellow as he is, in ridiculing the
sandals of the Greeks, and can say to a blind man, Ho! you blind
fellow! Fancying himself to be somebody, because vain[1277] of his
rustic honors, as Ædile[1278] of Arretium,[1279] he breaks up the
false measures[1280] there. Nor again, one who has just wit enough to
sneer at the arithmetic boards,[1281] and the lines in the divided
dust; quite ready to be highly delighted, if a saucy wench[1282]
plucks[1283] a Cynic's[1284] beard. To such as these I recommend[1285]
the prætor's edict[1286] in the morning, and after dinner--Callirhoe.
FOOTNOTES:
[1181] _Oh curas! _ These are the opening lines of his Satire, which
Persius is reading aloud, and is interrupted by his "Adversarius. " He
represents himself as having meditated on all mundane things, and,
like Solomon, having discovered their emptiness, "Vanitas vanitatum! "
Cf. Juv. , Sat. i. , 85, "Quidquid agunt homines, votum, timor, ira,
voluptas, Gaudia, discursus; nostri est farrago libelli. " It is an
adaptation of the old Greek proverb, ὅσον τὸ κένον.
[1182] _Adversarius. _ "Interpretes plerique hunc Persii amicum seu
monitorem volunt: ego vero et morosum adversarium, et ridiculum senem
intelligo. " D'Achaintre.
[1183] _Quis legit hæc? _ The old Gloss. says this line is taken from
the first book of Lucilius.
[1184] _Næ mihi Polydamas. _ Taken from Hector's speech, where he dreads
the reproaches of his brother-in-law Polydamas, and the Trojan men
and women, if he were to retire within the walls of Troy. Il. , x. ,
105, 108, Πουλυδάμας μοι πρῶτος ἐλεγχείην ἀναθήσει--αἰδέομαι Τρῶας καὶ
Τρωάδας ἑλκεσιπέπλους. Cicero has introduced the same lines in his
Epistle to Atticus: "Aliter sensero? αἰδέομαι non Pompeium modo, sed
Τρῶας καὶ Τρωάδας· Πουλυδάμας μοι πρῶτος ἐλεγχείην ἀναθήσει: Quis? Tu
ipse scilicet; laudator et scriptorum et factorum meorum," vii. , 1. By
Polydamas, he intends Nero; by Troïades, the effeminate Romans, who
prided themselves on their Trojan descent. Cf. Juv. , i. , 100, "Jubet a
præcone vocari ipsos Trojugenas. " viii. , 181, "At vos Trojugenæ vobis
ignoscitis, et quæ turpia cerdoni Volesos Brutosque decebunt. " Attius
Labeo was a miserable court-poet, a favorite of Nero, who applied
himself to translate Homer word for word. Casaubon gives the following
specimen of his poetry: "Crudum manduces Priamum, Priamique pisinnos. "
[1185] _Turbida Roma. _ "Muddy, not clear in its judgment. " A metaphor
from thick, troubled waters. Persius now addresses himself, and uses
the second person. "Though Rome in its perverted judgment should
disparage my writings, I will not subscribe to its verdict, or seek
beyond my own breast for rules to guide my course of action. " _Elevet_,
_examen_, _trutina_, are all metaphors from a steelyard or balance.
Trutina is the aperture in the iron that supports the balance, in which
the examen, i. e. , the tongue (hasta, lingula), plays. Elevare is
said of that which causes the lanx of the balance to "kick the beam. "
Castigare is to set the balance in motion with the finger, until,
perfect equilibrium being obtained, it settles down to a state of rest.
Public taste being distorted, to attempt to correct it would be as
idle as to try to rectify a false balance by merely setting the beam
vibrating.
[1186] _Quæsiveris. _ Alluding to the Stoic notion of αὐταρκεῖα: "Each
man's own taste and judgment is to him the best test of right and
wrong. "
[1187] _Quis non? _ An ἀποσιώπησις: Whom can you find at Rome that is
not laboring under this perversion of taste and want of self-dependence?
[1188] _Ah, si fas dicere. _ Cf. Juv. , Sat i. , 153, "Unde illa priorum
Scribendi quodcunque animo flagrante liberet Simplicitas, cujus non
audeo dicere nomen. " Lucil. , Fr. incert. 165.
[1189] _Sed fas.
_ "When I look at all the childish follies, the empty
pursuits, the ill-directed ambition that, in spite of an affectation
of outward gravity and severity of manners, disgraces even men of
advanced years; the senseless pursuits of men who ought to have given
up all the trifling amusements of childhood, and who yet assume the
grave privilege of censuring younger men; it is difficult not to write
satire. "
[1190] _Canities. _ See the old proverb, πολιὰ χρόνου μήνυσις οὐ
φρονήσεως. "Hoary hairs are the evidence of time, not of wisdom. "
[1191] _Nuces. _ Put generally for the playthings of children. Cf.
Suet. , Aug. , 83. Phædr. , Fab. xiv. , 2. Mart. , v. , 84, "Jam tristis
nucibus puer relictis Clamoso revocatur à magistro. "
[1192] _Sapimus patruos. _ Cf. Hor. , iii. , Od. xii. , 3, "Exanimari
metuentes patruæ verbera linguæ. " ii. , Sat. iii. , 87, "Sive ego pravè
seu rectè hoc volui, ne sis patruus mihi. " Parents, being themselves
too indulgent, frequently intrusted their children to the guardianship
of uncles, whose reproofs were more sharp, and their correction more
severe, as they possessed all the authority without the tenderness and
affection of a parent.
[1193] _Quid faciam? _ "How shall I check the outburst of natural
feeling? For my character, implanted by nature, is that of a hearty
laugher. " Cachinno is a word used only by Persius. Cf. Juv. , iii. , 100,
"Rides? majore cachinno concutitur. " The ancients held the spleen to
be the seat of laughter, as the gall of anger, the liver of love, the
forehead of bashfulness.
[1194] _Scribimus inclusi. _ So Hor. , ii. , Ep. i. , 117, "Scribimus
indocti doctique poemata passim. " Inclusi, "avoiding all noise and
interruption, we shut ourselves in our studies. " Hor. , Ep. , II. , ii. ,
77," Scriptorum chorus omnis amat nemus et fugit urbes. " Juv. , Sat.
vii. , 58.
[1195] _Togâ. _ The indignation of Persius is excited by the declaimer
assuming all the paraphernalia and ornament of the day kept most sacred
by the Romans, viz. , their birthday (cf. ad Juv. , Sat. xii. , 1),
simply for the purpose of reciting his own verses. For this custom of
reciting, cf. ad Juv. , vii. , 38.
[1196] _Sardonyche. _ Cf. Juv. , vii. , 144, "Ideo conductâ Paulus agebat
Sardonyche. " It was the custom for friends and clients to send valuable
presents to their patrons on their birthdays. Cf. ad Juv. , iii. , 187.
Plaut. , Curcul. , V. , ii. , 56, "Hic est annulus quem ego tibi misi
natali die. " Juv. , Sat. xi. , 84.
[1197] _Sede. _ The Romans always stood while pleading, and sat down
while reciting. Vid. Plin. , vi. , Ep. vi. , "Dicenti mihi solicitè
assistit; assidet recitanti. " These seats were called cathedræ and
pulpita. Vid. Juv. , vii. , 47, 93. An attendant stood by the person who
was reciting, with some emollient liquid to rinse the throat with.
This preparation of the throat was called πλάσις, and a harsh, dry,
unflexible voice was termed ἀπλαστός.
[1198] _Collueris. _ D'Achaintre's reading is preferred here, "Sede
leges celsâ liquido com plasmate guttur Collueris:" for _legens_ and
_colluerit_. _Patranti ocello_ seems to convey the same idea as the
"oculi putres" of Hor. , i. , Od. xxxvi. , 17, and the "oculos in fine
trementes" of Juv. , Sat. vii. , 241 (cf. ii. , 94), "oculos udos et
marcidos," of Apul. , Met. , iii. Cf. Pers. , v. , 51, and the epithet
ὑγρὸς, as applied to the eyes of Aphrodite.
[1199] _Titi_, are put here (as Romulidæ in v. 31) for the Romans
generally, among whom, especially the higher orders, Titus was a
favorite prænomen; or Titi may be put for Titienses, as Rhamnes for
Rhamnenses; in either case the meaning is the same. But the other
parts may be differently interpreted. _Hic_ may be equivalent to "cum
operibus tuis;" _trepidare_ mean "the eager applause of the hearers;"
_more probo_ "the approved and usual mode of showing it by simultaneous
shouts" _voce serena_. Cf. Hor. , A. P. , 430.
[1200] _Lumbum. _ Cf. iv. , 35. Juv. , Sat. vi. , 314, "Quum tibia lumbos
incitat. "
[1201] _Vetule. _ Cf. Juv. , xiii. , 33, "Die Senior bullâ dignissime. "
[1202] _Cute perditus. _ "Bloated, swollen, as with dropsy. " So
Lucilius, xxviii. , Frag. 37, "Quasi aquam in animo habere intercutem. "
"Pandering to the lusts of these itching ears, you receive such
overwhelming applause, that though swelling with vanity, even you
yourself are nauseated at the fulsome repetition. "--_Ohe. _ Cf. Hor. ,
ii. , Sat. v. , 96, "Importunus amat laudari? donec ohe jam ad cœlum
manibus sublatis dixerit urge et crescentem tumidis infla sermonibus
utrem. " So i. , Sat. v. , 12, "Ohe! jam satis est. " There may be, as
Madan says, an allusion to the fable of the proud frog who swelled till
she burst. Cf. Hor. , ii. , Sat. iii. , 314.
[1203] _Caprificus. _ Cf. Juv. , x. , 143, "Laudis titulique cupido hæsuri
saxis cinerum custodibus, ad quæ discutienda valent sterilis mala
robora ficus. Quandoquidem data sunt ipsis quoque fata sepulcris. "
Mart. , Ep. , X. , ii. , 9, "Marmora Messalæ findit caprificus. "
[1204] _En pallor seniumque! _ "Is then the fruit of all thy study, that
has caused all thy pallor and premature debility, no better than this?
that thou canst imagine no higher and nobler use of learning than for
the purpose of vain display! " Lucilius uses senium for the tedium and
weariness produced by long application.
[1205] _Oh Mores! _ So Cicero in his Oration against Catiline (in Cat. ,
i. , 1), "O Tempora, O Mores! " Cf. Mart. , vi. , Ep. ii. , 6.
[1206] _Scire tuum. _ So l. 9, "Nostrum istud _vivere_ triste. " So
Lucilius, "Id me nolo scire mihi cujus sum conscius solus: ne damnum
faciam, scire est nescire nisi id me scire alius scierit. "
[1207] _Digito monstrariar. _ So Hor. , iv. , Od. iii. , 22, "Quod monstror
digito prætereuntium Romanæ fidicen lyræ.
P. Is it to me you say this?
A. Nobody, by Hercules!
P. Nobody! Say two perhaps, or--
A. Nobody. It is mean and pitiful stuff!
P. Wherefore? No doubt "Polydamas[1184] and Trojan dames" will prefer
Labeo to me--
A. It is all stuff!
P. Whatever turbid Rome[1185] may disparage, do not thou join their
number; nor by that scale of theirs seek to correct thy own false
balance, nor seek[1186] thyself out of thyself. For who is there
at Rome that is not[1187]--Ah! if I might but speak! [1188] But I
may,[1189] when I look at our gray hairs,[1190] and our severe way
of life, and all that we commit since we abandoned our childhood's
nuts. [1191] When we savor of uncles,[1192] then--then forgive!
A. I will not!
P. What must I do? [1193] For I am a hearty laugher with a saucy spleen.
We write, having shut ourselves in,[1194] one man verses, another free
from the trammels of metre, something grandiloquent, which the lungs
widely distended with breath may give vent to.
And this, of course, some day, with your hair combed and a new
toga,[1195] all in white with your birthday Sardonyx,[1196] you
will read out from your lofty seat,[1197] to the people, when you
have rinsed[1198] your throat, made flexible by the liquid gargle;
languidly leering with lascivious eye! Here you may see the tall
Titi[1199] in trembling excitement, with lewdness of manner and
agitation of voice, when the verses enter their loins,[1200] and their
inmost parts are titillated with the lascivious strain.
P. And dost thou, in thy old age,[1201] collect dainty bits for the
ears of others? Ears to which even thou, bursting[1202] with vanity,
wouldst say, "Hold, enough! "
A. To what purpose is your learning, unless this leaven, and this wild
fig-tree[1203] which has once taken life within, shall burst through
your liver and shoot forth?
P. See that pallor and premature old age! [1204] Oh Morals! [1205] Is
then your knowledge so absolutely naught, unless another know you have
that knowledge? [1206]
A. But it is a fine thing to be pointed at with the finger,[1207]
and that it should be said, "That's he! " Do you value it at
nothing, that your works should form the studies[1208] of a hundred
curly-headed[1209] youths?
P. See! [1210] over their cups,[1211] the well-filled Romans[1212]
inquire of what the divine poems tell. Here some one, who has
a hyacinthine robe round his shoulders, snuffling through his
nose[1213] some stale ditty, distills and from his dainty palate
lisps trippingly[1214] his Phyllises,[1215] Hypsipyles, and all the
deplorable strains of the poets. The heroes hum assent! [1216] Now are
not the ashes[1217] of the poet blest? Does not a tomb-stone press
with lighter weight[1218] upon his bones? The guests applaud. Now
from those Manes of his, now from his tomb and favored ashes, will not
violets spring? [1219]
A. You are mocking and indulging in too scornful a sneer. [1220] Lives
there the man who would disown the wish to deserve the people's
praise,[1221] and having uttered words worthy of the cedar,[1222]
to leave behind him verses that dread neither herrings[1223] nor
frankincense?
P. Whoever thou art that hast just spoken, and that hast a fair
right[1224] to plead on the opposite side, I, for my part, when I
write, if any thing perchance comes forth[1225] aptly expressed (though
this is, I own, a rare bird[1226]), yet if any thing does come forth,
I would not shrink from being praised: for indeed my heart is not of
horn. But I deny that that "excellently! " and "beautifully! "[1227] of
yours is the end and object of what is right. For sift thoroughly
all this "beautifully! " and what does it not comprise within it! Is
there not to be found in it the Iliad of Accius,[1228] intoxicated
with hellebore? are there not all the paltry sonnets our crude[1229]
nobles have dictated? in fine, is there not all that is composed on
couches of citron? [1230] You know how to set before your guests the hot
paunch;[1231] and how to make a present of your threadbare cloak to
your companion shivering with cold,[1232] and then you say, "I do love
the truth! [1233] tell me the truth about myself! " How is that possible?
Would you like me to tell it you? Thou drivelest,[1234] Bald-pate,
while thy bloated paunch projects a good foot and a half hanging in
front! O Janus! whom no stork[1235] pecks at from behind, no hand that
with rapid motion imitates the white ass's ears, no tongue mocks,
projecting as far as that of the thirsting hound of Apulia! Ye, O
patrician blood! [1236] whose privilege[1237] it is to live with no eyes
at the back of your head, prevent[1238] the scoffs[1239] that are made
behind your back!
What is the people's verdict? What should it be, but that now at length
verses flow in harmonious numbers, and the skillful joining[1240]
allows the critical nails to glide over its polished surface: he
knows how to carry on his verse as if he were drawing a ruddle line
with one eye[1241] closed. Whether he has occasion to write against
public morals, against luxury, or the banquets of the great, the Muses
vouchsafe to our Poet[1242] the saying brilliant things. And see! now
we see those introducing heroic[1243] sentiments, that were wont to
trifle in Greek: that have not even skill enough to describe a grove.
Nor praise the bountiful country, where are baskets,[1244] and the
hearth, and porkers, and the smoky palilia with the hay: whence Remus
sprung, and thou, O Quintius,[1245] wearing away the plow-boards in
the furrow, when thy wife with trembling haste invested thee with
the dictatorship in front of thy team, and the lictor bore thy plow
home--Bravo, poet!
Some even now delight in the turgid book of Brisæan Accius,[1246] and
in Pacuvius, and warty[1247] Antiopa, "her dolorific heart propped up
with woe. " When you see purblind sires instilling these precepts into
their sons, do you inquire whence came this gallimaufry[1248] of speech
into our language? Whence that disgrace,[1249] in which the effeminate
Trossulus[1250] leaps up in ecstasy at you, from his bench.
Are you not ashamed[1251] that you can not ward off danger from a
hoary head, without longing to hear the lukewarm "Decently[1252] said! "
"You are a thief! " says the accuser to Pedius. What says Pedius? [1253]
He balances the charge in polished antitheses. He gets the praise of
introducing learned figures. "That is fine! " Fine, is it? [1254] O
Romulus, dost thou wag thy tail? [1255] Were the shipwrecked man to
sing, would he move my pity, forsooth, or should I bring forth my
penny? Do you sing, while you are carrying about a picture[1256] of
yourself on a fragment of wood, hanging from your shoulders. He that
aims at bowing me down by his piteous complaint, must whine out what is
real,[1257] and not studied and got up of a night.
A. But the numbers have grace, and crude as you call them, there is a
judicious combination.
P. He has learned thus to close his line. "Berecynthean Atys;"[1258]
and, "The Dolphin that clave the azure Nereus. " So again, "We filched
away a chine from long-extending Apennine. "
A. "Arms and the man. "[1259] Is not this frothy, with a pithless rind?
P. Like a huge branch, well seasoned, with gigantic bark!
A. What then is a tender strain, and that should be read with neck
relaxed? [1260]
P. "With Mimallonean[1261] hums they filled their savage horns; and
Bassaris, from the proud steer about to rive the ravished head, and
Mænas, that would guide the lynx with ivy-clusters, re-echoes Evion;
and reproductive Echo reverberates the sound! " Could such verses be
written, did one spark of our fathers' vigor still exist in us? This
nerveless stuff dribbles on the lips, on the topmost spittle. In drivel
vests this Mænas and Attis. It neither beats the desk,[1262] nor savors
of bitten nails.
A. But what need is there to grate on delicate ears with biting truth?
Take care, I pray, lest haply the thresholds of the great[1263] grow
cold to you. Here the dog's letter[1264] sounds from the nostril. For
me[1265] then, henceforth, let all be white. I'll not oppose it. Bravo!
For you shall all be very wonderful productions! Does that please you?
"Here, you say, I forbid any one's committing a nuisance. " Then paint
up two snakes. Boys, go farther away: the place is sacred! I go away.
P. Yet Lucilius lashed[1266] the city, and thee, O Lupus,[1267]
and thee too, Mucius,[1268] and broke his jaw-bone[1269] on them.
Sly Flaccus touches every failing of his smiling friend, and, once
admitted, sports around his heart; well skilled in sneering[1270] at
the people with well-dissembled[1271] sarcasm. And is it then a crime
for me to mutter, secretly, or in a hole?
A. You must do it nowhere.
P. Yet here I will bury it! I saw, I saw with my own[1272] eyes, my
little book! Who has not asses' ears? [1273] This my buried secret, this
my sneer, so valueless, I would not sell you for any Iliad. [1274]
Whoever thou art, that art inspired[1275] by the bold Cratinus, and
growest pale over the wrathful Eupolis and the old man sublime, turn
thine eyes on these verses also, if haply thou hearest any thing more
refined. [1276] Let my reader glow with ears warmed by their strains.
Not he that delights, like a mean fellow as he is, in ridiculing the
sandals of the Greeks, and can say to a blind man, Ho! you blind
fellow! Fancying himself to be somebody, because vain[1277] of his
rustic honors, as Ædile[1278] of Arretium,[1279] he breaks up the
false measures[1280] there. Nor again, one who has just wit enough to
sneer at the arithmetic boards,[1281] and the lines in the divided
dust; quite ready to be highly delighted, if a saucy wench[1282]
plucks[1283] a Cynic's[1284] beard. To such as these I recommend[1285]
the prætor's edict[1286] in the morning, and after dinner--Callirhoe.
FOOTNOTES:
[1181] _Oh curas! _ These are the opening lines of his Satire, which
Persius is reading aloud, and is interrupted by his "Adversarius. " He
represents himself as having meditated on all mundane things, and,
like Solomon, having discovered their emptiness, "Vanitas vanitatum! "
Cf. Juv. , Sat. i. , 85, "Quidquid agunt homines, votum, timor, ira,
voluptas, Gaudia, discursus; nostri est farrago libelli. " It is an
adaptation of the old Greek proverb, ὅσον τὸ κένον.
[1182] _Adversarius. _ "Interpretes plerique hunc Persii amicum seu
monitorem volunt: ego vero et morosum adversarium, et ridiculum senem
intelligo. " D'Achaintre.
[1183] _Quis legit hæc? _ The old Gloss. says this line is taken from
the first book of Lucilius.
[1184] _Næ mihi Polydamas. _ Taken from Hector's speech, where he dreads
the reproaches of his brother-in-law Polydamas, and the Trojan men
and women, if he were to retire within the walls of Troy. Il. , x. ,
105, 108, Πουλυδάμας μοι πρῶτος ἐλεγχείην ἀναθήσει--αἰδέομαι Τρῶας καὶ
Τρωάδας ἑλκεσιπέπλους. Cicero has introduced the same lines in his
Epistle to Atticus: "Aliter sensero? αἰδέομαι non Pompeium modo, sed
Τρῶας καὶ Τρωάδας· Πουλυδάμας μοι πρῶτος ἐλεγχείην ἀναθήσει: Quis? Tu
ipse scilicet; laudator et scriptorum et factorum meorum," vii. , 1. By
Polydamas, he intends Nero; by Troïades, the effeminate Romans, who
prided themselves on their Trojan descent. Cf. Juv. , i. , 100, "Jubet a
præcone vocari ipsos Trojugenas. " viii. , 181, "At vos Trojugenæ vobis
ignoscitis, et quæ turpia cerdoni Volesos Brutosque decebunt. " Attius
Labeo was a miserable court-poet, a favorite of Nero, who applied
himself to translate Homer word for word. Casaubon gives the following
specimen of his poetry: "Crudum manduces Priamum, Priamique pisinnos. "
[1185] _Turbida Roma. _ "Muddy, not clear in its judgment. " A metaphor
from thick, troubled waters. Persius now addresses himself, and uses
the second person. "Though Rome in its perverted judgment should
disparage my writings, I will not subscribe to its verdict, or seek
beyond my own breast for rules to guide my course of action. " _Elevet_,
_examen_, _trutina_, are all metaphors from a steelyard or balance.
Trutina is the aperture in the iron that supports the balance, in which
the examen, i. e. , the tongue (hasta, lingula), plays. Elevare is
said of that which causes the lanx of the balance to "kick the beam. "
Castigare is to set the balance in motion with the finger, until,
perfect equilibrium being obtained, it settles down to a state of rest.
Public taste being distorted, to attempt to correct it would be as
idle as to try to rectify a false balance by merely setting the beam
vibrating.
[1186] _Quæsiveris. _ Alluding to the Stoic notion of αὐταρκεῖα: "Each
man's own taste and judgment is to him the best test of right and
wrong. "
[1187] _Quis non? _ An ἀποσιώπησις: Whom can you find at Rome that is
not laboring under this perversion of taste and want of self-dependence?
[1188] _Ah, si fas dicere. _ Cf. Juv. , Sat i. , 153, "Unde illa priorum
Scribendi quodcunque animo flagrante liberet Simplicitas, cujus non
audeo dicere nomen. " Lucil. , Fr. incert. 165.
[1189] _Sed fas.
_ "When I look at all the childish follies, the empty
pursuits, the ill-directed ambition that, in spite of an affectation
of outward gravity and severity of manners, disgraces even men of
advanced years; the senseless pursuits of men who ought to have given
up all the trifling amusements of childhood, and who yet assume the
grave privilege of censuring younger men; it is difficult not to write
satire. "
[1190] _Canities. _ See the old proverb, πολιὰ χρόνου μήνυσις οὐ
φρονήσεως. "Hoary hairs are the evidence of time, not of wisdom. "
[1191] _Nuces. _ Put generally for the playthings of children. Cf.
Suet. , Aug. , 83. Phædr. , Fab. xiv. , 2. Mart. , v. , 84, "Jam tristis
nucibus puer relictis Clamoso revocatur à magistro. "
[1192] _Sapimus patruos. _ Cf. Hor. , iii. , Od. xii. , 3, "Exanimari
metuentes patruæ verbera linguæ. " ii. , Sat. iii. , 87, "Sive ego pravè
seu rectè hoc volui, ne sis patruus mihi. " Parents, being themselves
too indulgent, frequently intrusted their children to the guardianship
of uncles, whose reproofs were more sharp, and their correction more
severe, as they possessed all the authority without the tenderness and
affection of a parent.
[1193] _Quid faciam? _ "How shall I check the outburst of natural
feeling? For my character, implanted by nature, is that of a hearty
laugher. " Cachinno is a word used only by Persius. Cf. Juv. , iii. , 100,
"Rides? majore cachinno concutitur. " The ancients held the spleen to
be the seat of laughter, as the gall of anger, the liver of love, the
forehead of bashfulness.
[1194] _Scribimus inclusi. _ So Hor. , ii. , Ep. i. , 117, "Scribimus
indocti doctique poemata passim. " Inclusi, "avoiding all noise and
interruption, we shut ourselves in our studies. " Hor. , Ep. , II. , ii. ,
77," Scriptorum chorus omnis amat nemus et fugit urbes. " Juv. , Sat.
vii. , 58.
[1195] _Togâ. _ The indignation of Persius is excited by the declaimer
assuming all the paraphernalia and ornament of the day kept most sacred
by the Romans, viz. , their birthday (cf. ad Juv. , Sat. xii. , 1),
simply for the purpose of reciting his own verses. For this custom of
reciting, cf. ad Juv. , vii. , 38.
[1196] _Sardonyche. _ Cf. Juv. , vii. , 144, "Ideo conductâ Paulus agebat
Sardonyche. " It was the custom for friends and clients to send valuable
presents to their patrons on their birthdays. Cf. ad Juv. , iii. , 187.
Plaut. , Curcul. , V. , ii. , 56, "Hic est annulus quem ego tibi misi
natali die. " Juv. , Sat. xi. , 84.
[1197] _Sede. _ The Romans always stood while pleading, and sat down
while reciting. Vid. Plin. , vi. , Ep. vi. , "Dicenti mihi solicitè
assistit; assidet recitanti. " These seats were called cathedræ and
pulpita. Vid. Juv. , vii. , 47, 93. An attendant stood by the person who
was reciting, with some emollient liquid to rinse the throat with.
This preparation of the throat was called πλάσις, and a harsh, dry,
unflexible voice was termed ἀπλαστός.
[1198] _Collueris. _ D'Achaintre's reading is preferred here, "Sede
leges celsâ liquido com plasmate guttur Collueris:" for _legens_ and
_colluerit_. _Patranti ocello_ seems to convey the same idea as the
"oculi putres" of Hor. , i. , Od. xxxvi. , 17, and the "oculos in fine
trementes" of Juv. , Sat. vii. , 241 (cf. ii. , 94), "oculos udos et
marcidos," of Apul. , Met. , iii. Cf. Pers. , v. , 51, and the epithet
ὑγρὸς, as applied to the eyes of Aphrodite.
[1199] _Titi_, are put here (as Romulidæ in v. 31) for the Romans
generally, among whom, especially the higher orders, Titus was a
favorite prænomen; or Titi may be put for Titienses, as Rhamnes for
Rhamnenses; in either case the meaning is the same. But the other
parts may be differently interpreted. _Hic_ may be equivalent to "cum
operibus tuis;" _trepidare_ mean "the eager applause of the hearers;"
_more probo_ "the approved and usual mode of showing it by simultaneous
shouts" _voce serena_. Cf. Hor. , A. P. , 430.
[1200] _Lumbum. _ Cf. iv. , 35. Juv. , Sat. vi. , 314, "Quum tibia lumbos
incitat. "
[1201] _Vetule. _ Cf. Juv. , xiii. , 33, "Die Senior bullâ dignissime. "
[1202] _Cute perditus. _ "Bloated, swollen, as with dropsy. " So
Lucilius, xxviii. , Frag. 37, "Quasi aquam in animo habere intercutem. "
"Pandering to the lusts of these itching ears, you receive such
overwhelming applause, that though swelling with vanity, even you
yourself are nauseated at the fulsome repetition. "--_Ohe. _ Cf. Hor. ,
ii. , Sat. v. , 96, "Importunus amat laudari? donec ohe jam ad cœlum
manibus sublatis dixerit urge et crescentem tumidis infla sermonibus
utrem. " So i. , Sat. v. , 12, "Ohe! jam satis est. " There may be, as
Madan says, an allusion to the fable of the proud frog who swelled till
she burst. Cf. Hor. , ii. , Sat. iii. , 314.
[1203] _Caprificus. _ Cf. Juv. , x. , 143, "Laudis titulique cupido hæsuri
saxis cinerum custodibus, ad quæ discutienda valent sterilis mala
robora ficus. Quandoquidem data sunt ipsis quoque fata sepulcris. "
Mart. , Ep. , X. , ii. , 9, "Marmora Messalæ findit caprificus. "
[1204] _En pallor seniumque! _ "Is then the fruit of all thy study, that
has caused all thy pallor and premature debility, no better than this?
that thou canst imagine no higher and nobler use of learning than for
the purpose of vain display! " Lucilius uses senium for the tedium and
weariness produced by long application.
[1205] _Oh Mores! _ So Cicero in his Oration against Catiline (in Cat. ,
i. , 1), "O Tempora, O Mores! " Cf. Mart. , vi. , Ep. ii. , 6.
[1206] _Scire tuum. _ So l. 9, "Nostrum istud _vivere_ triste. " So
Lucilius, "Id me nolo scire mihi cujus sum conscius solus: ne damnum
faciam, scire est nescire nisi id me scire alius scierit. "
[1207] _Digito monstrariar. _ So Hor. , iv. , Od. iii. , 22, "Quod monstror
digito prætereuntium Romanæ fidicen lyræ.
