On the murder of
fragments
remain; some of these have been pre-
his brother Agis, in B.
his brother Agis, in B.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
c.
25; comp.
Plut.
ple. Foreseeing the danger from the Helots, he Pel. c. 14. ) In B. C. 371, he was sent, in conso-
summoned, by sounding an alarm, the scattered quence of the illness of Agesilaus (Xen. Hell. v. 4.
surviving Spartans, and collected them around him, $ 58; Plut. Ages. c. 27), to succour the defeated
apparently at a distance from the ruins, in a body Spartans at Leuctra ; but Jason of Pherae had al-
sufficient to deter the assailants. To him, too, ready mediated between them and the Thebans,
rather than to Nicomedes, the guardian of his col- and Archidamus, meeting his countrymen on their
league, Pleistöanax, (Pleistarchus was probably return at Aegosthena in Megara, dismissed the
dead,) would be committed the conduct of the allies, and led the Spartans home. (Xen. Hell. vi.
contest with the revolted Messenians, which oc- 4. SS 17—26; comp. Diod. xv. 54, 55; Wess. ad
cupies this and the following nine years. In the loc. ; Thirlwalls Greece, vol. v. p. 78, note. ) In
expeditions to Delphi and to Doris, and the hos 367, with the aid of the auxiliaries furnished by
tilities with Athens down to the 30 years' truce, Dionysius I. of Syracuse, he defeated the Arcadians
his name is not mentioned ; though in the discus and Argives in what has been called the “Tearless
sion at Sparta before the final dissolution of that Battle," from the statement in his despatches, that
truce he comes forward as one who has aad expe- he had won it without losing a man (Xen. Hell.
rience of many wars.
Of the Peloponnesian war vii. 1. § 28; Plut. Ages. c. 33; Polyaen. i. 45;
itself we find the first 10 years sometimes styled Diod. xv. 72); and to the next year, 366, must be
the Archidamian war ; the share, however, taken assigned the “ Archidamus" of Isocrates, written
in it by Archidamus was no more than the com- perhaps to be delivered by the prince in the Spar-
mand of the first two expeditions into Attica; in tan senate, to encourage his country in her resolu-
the 3rd year, of the investment of Plataea ; and tion of maintaining her claim to Messenia, when
again of the third expedition in the 4th year, 428 Corinth had made, with Sparta's consent, a separate
In 427 Cleomenes commanded ; in 426 peace with Thebes. (Xen. Hell. vii. 4. & 9. ) In
Agis, son and now successor of Archidamus. His 364, he was again sent against Arcadia, then at
death must therefore be placed before the beginning war with Flis (Xen. Hell. vii. 4. § 20, &c. ; Just.
of this, though probably after the beginning of that vi. 5); and in 362, having been left at home 10
under Cleomenes; for had Agis already succeeded, protect Sparta while Agesilaus went to join the
be, most likely, and not Cleomenes, would have allies at Mantineia, he baffled the attempt of Epa-
commanded ; in the 42nd year, therefore, of his minondas on the city. (Xen. Hell. vii. 5. $ 9, &c. ;
reign, B. c. 427. His views of this momentous Diod. xv. 82,83; Plut. A ges. c. 34; Isocr. Ep. ad Arch.
struggle, as represented by Thucydides, seem to $ 5. ) He succeeded his father on the throne in 361.
justify the character that historian gives him In 356, we find him privately furnishing Philomelus,
of intelligence and temperance. His just estimate the Phocian, with fifteen talents, to aid him in his
of the comparative strength of the parties, and resistance to the Amphictyonic decree and his
his reluctance to enter without preparation on seizure of Delphi, whence arose the sacred war.
a contest involving so much, deserve our admira- (Diod. xvi. 24; Just. viii. 1; comp. Paus. iv. 4 ;
tion; though in his actual conduct of it he may Theopomp. ap. Paus. iii. 10. ) In 352, occurred
seem to bave somewhat wasted Lacedaemon's the war of Sparta against Megalopolis with a view
moral superiority. The opening of the siege of to the dissolution (S. OLKLO MOS) of that community;
Plataea displays something of the same deliberate and Archidamus was appointed to the command,
character; the proposal to take the town and ter- and gained some successes, though the enterprise
ritory in trust, however we may question the pro- did not ultimately succeed. (Diod. xvi. 39; Paus.
bable result, seems to breathe his just and temperate viii. 27 ; Demosth. pro Megal. ; comp. Aristot. Po-
spirit. He may at any rate be safely excluded lit. v. 10, ed. Bekk. ) In the last year of the sacred
from all responsibility for the cruel treatment of war, 346, we find Archidamus marching into Pho-
the besieged, on their surrender in the year of his cis at the head of 1000 men. According to Dio-
death. We may regard him as the happiest in- dorus (xvi. 59), the Phocians had applied for aid
stance of an accommodation of the Spartan character to Sparta, but this seems questionable from what
to altered circumstances, and his death as a mis | Aeschines (de Fals. Leg. p. 45) reports as the ad-
fortune to Sparta, the same in kind though not in ) vice of the Phocian leaders to Archidamus, “to
degree as that of Pericles was to Athens, with alarm himself about the dangers of Sparta rather
whom he was connected by ties of hospitality and than of Phocis. ” Demosthenes (de Fuls. Leg. p. 365)
whom in some points he seems to have resembled. hints at a private understanding between Philip
He left two sons and one daughter, Agis by his and the Spartans, and at some treachers of his to-
first wife, Lampito or Lampido, his father's half-wards them. Whether however on this account,
sister ; Agesilaus by a second, named Eupolia (ap- or as being distrusted by Phalaecus (Aesch. de Fuls.
parently the woman of small stature whom the Leg. p. 46), or as finding it impossible to effect
Ephors fined him for marrying), and Cynisca, the anything on behalf of the Phocians, Arcbidamus,
only woman, we are told, who carried off an Olympic on the arrival of Philip, withdrew his forces and
victory. (Thuc. i. ii. ii. ; Diod. xi. 63; Paus. iii. returned home. In 338, he went to Italy to aid the
7. 88° 9, 10; Plut. Cimon, 16, Ages. 1 ; Herod. Tarentines against the Lucanians, and there be fell
[A. H. C. ) in battle on the very day, according to Diodorus,
ARCHIDA'MUS III. , king of Sparta, 20th of Philip's victory at Chaeroneia (Diod. xvi. 63, 88;
of the Eurypontids, was son of Agesilaus II. Paus. iii. 10; Strab. vi. p. 280; Theopomp. ap.
We first hear of him as interceding with his father Athen. xii. p. 536, c. d. ; Plut. Agis, c. 3. ) The
in behalf of Sphodrias, to whose son Cleonymus he Spartans erected a statue of him at Olympia, which
was attached, and who was thus saved, through I is mentioned by Pausanias. (vi. ch. 4, 15. ) (E. E. )
vi. 71. )
## p. 268 (#288) ############################################
268
ARCHIGENES.
ARCHILOCHUS.
:
rice.
ARCHIDA'MUS IV. , king of Sparta, 23rd of the father of Archigenes was Philippus; he was a
the Eurypontids, was the son of Eudainidas I. and pupil of Agathinus, whose life he once saved
the grandson of Archidamus 111. (Plut. Arris, 3. ) | AGATHINUS); and he died at the age either of
He was king in B. C. 296, when he was defeated sixty-three or eighty-three. (Suid. s. r. 'Apxıy. ;
by Demetrius Poliorcetes. (Plut. Demetr. 35. ) Eudoc. Violar. ap. Villoison, Anecd. Gr. vol. i. p.
ARCHIDAMUS V. , king of Sparta, 27th of 65. ) The titles of several of his works are pre-
the Eurypontids, was the son of Eudamidas 11. , served, of which, however, nothing but a few
and the brother of Agis IV.
On the murder of fragments remain; some of these have been pre-
his brother Agis, in B. C. 240, Archidamus fied served by other ancient authors, and some are still
from Sparta but obtained possession of the throne in MS. in the King's Library at Paris. (Cramer's
some time after the accession of Cleomenes, through Anecd. Gr. Paris. vol. i. pp. 394, 395. ) By sonie
the means of Aratus, who wished to weaken the writers he is considered to have belonged to the
power of the Ephors : it appears that Cleomenes sect of the Pneumatici. (Galen, Intrud. c. 9. vol.
also was privy to his recall. Archidamus was, xiv. p. 699. ) For further particulars respecting
however, slain almost immediately after his return Archigenes see Le Clerc, Hist. de la Méd. ; Fabric.
to Sparta, by those who had killed his brother and Bild. Gr. vol. xiii. p. 80, ed. vet. ; Sprengel, Hist.
who dreaded his vengeance. It is doubtful whether de la Med. ; Haller, Bibl. Medic. Prac. vol. i.
Cleomenes was a party to the murder. (Plut. p. 198; Osterhausen, Hist. Sectae Pneumatic. Med.
Cleom. 1, 5; comp. Polyb. v. 37, viii. 1. ) Archi- Altorf, 1791, 840. ; Harless, Analecta Historico-Crit.
damus V. was the last king of the Eurypontid de Archigene, &c. , Bamberg. 4to. 1816; Isensee,
He left sons, who were alive at the death of Gesch. der Med. ; Bostock's History of Medicine,
Cleomenes in B. c. 220, but they were passed over, from which work part of the preceding account is
and the crown given to a stranger, Lycurgus. taken.
(W. A. G. )
(Polyb. iv. 35; Clinton, F. H. ii. Append. c. 3. ) ARCHI'LOCHUS ('Apxlxoxos), of Paros, was
ARCHIDA'MUS, the Aetolian. [ARCHEDA- one of the earliest lonian lyric poets, and the first
MUS, No. 3. ]
Greek poet who composed İambic verses according
ARCHIDA'MUS ('Apxidanos), a Greek physi- to fixed rules. He tourished about 714-676 B. C.
cian of whom no particulars are known, but who (Bode, Geschichte der Lyr. Dichtk. i. pp. 38, 47. )
must have lived in the fourth or fifth century B. C. , He was descended from noble family, who held
as Galen quotes one of his opinions (De Simpl. the priesthood in Paros. His grandfather was
Medicam. Temper. ac Facult. ii. 5, &c. , vol. xi. p. Tellis, who brought the worship of Demeter into
471, &c. ), which was preserved by Diocles of Thasos, and whose portrait was introduced by
Carystus. A physician of the same name is men- Polygnotus into his painting of the infernal regions
tioned by Pliny (H. N. Ind. Auct. ), and a few at Delphi. His father was Telesicles, and his ma
fragments on veterinary surgery by a person ther a slave, named Enipo. In the flower of his
named Archedemus are to be found in the “ Vete- age (between 710 and 700 B. c. ), and probably
rinariae Medicinae Libri Duo," first published in after he had already gained a prize for his hymn to
Latin by J. Ruellius, Paris, 1530, fol. , and after- Demeter (Schol. in Aristoph. Ac. 1762), Archilochus
wards in Greek by S. Grynaeus, Basil. 1537, went from Paros to Thasos with a colony, of which
4to.
(W. A. G. ] one account makes him the leader. The motive
ARCHI'DICE ('Apxidikn), a celebrated hetaira for this emigration can only be conjectured. It
of Naucratis in Egypt, whose fame spread through was most probably the result of a political change,
Greece, was arrogant and avaricious. (Herod. ii. to which cause was added, in the case of Archilo-
136; Aelian, V. H. xii. 63; Athen. xiii. p. 596, d. ) chus, a sense of personal wrongs. He had been a
ARCHI'GENES ('Apxiyevms), an eminent an- suitor to Neobule, one of the daughters of Lycam-
cient Greek physician, whose name is probably bes, who first promised and afterwards refused to
more familiar to most non-professional readers than give his daughter to the poet. Enraged at this
that of many others of more real importance, from treatment, Archilochus attacked the whole family
his being mentioned by Juvenal. (vi. 236, xiii. 98, in an iambic poem, accusing Lycambes of perjury,
xiv. 252. ) He was the most celebrated of the sect and his daughters of the most abandoned lives.
of the Eclectici (Dict. of Ant. s. v. Eclectici), and was The verses were recited at the festival of Demeter,
a native of Apamea in Syria; he practised at Rome and produced such an effect, that the daughters of
in the time of Trajan, a. D. 98-117, where he enjoy- Lycambes are said to have hung themselves through
ed a very high reputation for his professional skill. shame. The bitterness which he expresses in his
He is, howerer, reprobated as having been fond of poems towards his natire island (Athen. iii. p. 76,
introducing new and obscure terms into the science, b. ) seems to have arisen in part also from the low
and having attempted to give to medical writings a estimation in which he was held, as being the son
dialectic form, which produced rather the appear of a slave. Neither was he more happy at Thasos,
ance than the reality of accuracy. Archigenes He draws the most melancholy picture of his
published a treatise on the pulse, on which Galen adopted country, which be at length quitted in
wrote a Commentary ; it appears to have contained disgust. (Plut. de Exil. 12. p. 604; Strabo, riv.
a number of minute and subtile distinctions, many p. 648, viii. p. 370; Eustath. in Orlyss. i. p. 227;
of which have no real existence, and were for the Aelian, V. H. xii. 50. ) While at Thasos, he in-
most part the result rather of a preconceived hypo- curred the disgrace of losing his shield in an en-
thesis than of actual observation; and the same gagement with the Thracians of the opposite con-
remark may be applied to an arrangement which tinent ; but, like Alcaeus under similar circum-
he proposed of fevers. He, however, not only en- stances, instead of being ashamed of the disaster,
jored a considerable degree of the public confidence he recorded it in his verse. Plutarch (Inst
. Lacon.
during his life-time, but left behind him a number p. 239, b. ) states, that Archilochus was banished
of disciples, who for many years maintained a re- from Sparta the very hour that he had arrived
spectable rank in their profession. The name of | there, because he bad written in his poeins, that a
8
## p. 269 (#289) ############################################
ARCIIILOCHUS.
269
ARCHILOCHUS.
Was
9
p. 5. )
man bad better throw away his arms than lose his rage," as we see in the line of llorace ( A. P.
life. But Valerius Maximus (vi. 3, ext. 1) says, 79):
that the poems of Archilochus were forbidden at “ Archilochum proprio rabies armavit iambo,"
Sparta because of their licentiousness, and especi- and in the expression of Hadrian (l. c. ), Avoo@vTAS
ally on account of the attack on the daughters of iáulous; and his bitterness passed into a proverbia
Lycambes. It must remain doubtful whether a 'Apxınó xou mateis. But there must have been
confusion has been made between the personal something more than mere sarcastic power, there
history of the poet and the fate of his works, both must bave been truth and delicate wii, in the six-
in this instance and in the story that he won the casms of the poet whom Plato does not hesitate to
prize at Olympia with his hymn to Heracles call "the very wise," (Toû Oodatátov, kepul. ii.
(Tzetzes, Chil. i. 685), of which thus much is cer- p. 365. ) Quintilian (x. 1. & 60) ascribes to him the
tain, that the Olympic victors used to sing a hymn greatest power of expression, displayed in sen-
by Archilochus in their triumphal procession. (Pin- tences sometimes strong, sometimes brief, with ra-
dar, Olymp. ix. 1.
ple. Foreseeing the danger from the Helots, he Pel. c. 14. ) In B. C. 371, he was sent, in conso-
summoned, by sounding an alarm, the scattered quence of the illness of Agesilaus (Xen. Hell. v. 4.
surviving Spartans, and collected them around him, $ 58; Plut. Ages. c. 27), to succour the defeated
apparently at a distance from the ruins, in a body Spartans at Leuctra ; but Jason of Pherae had al-
sufficient to deter the assailants. To him, too, ready mediated between them and the Thebans,
rather than to Nicomedes, the guardian of his col- and Archidamus, meeting his countrymen on their
league, Pleistöanax, (Pleistarchus was probably return at Aegosthena in Megara, dismissed the
dead,) would be committed the conduct of the allies, and led the Spartans home. (Xen. Hell. vi.
contest with the revolted Messenians, which oc- 4. SS 17—26; comp. Diod. xv. 54, 55; Wess. ad
cupies this and the following nine years. In the loc. ; Thirlwalls Greece, vol. v. p. 78, note. ) In
expeditions to Delphi and to Doris, and the hos 367, with the aid of the auxiliaries furnished by
tilities with Athens down to the 30 years' truce, Dionysius I. of Syracuse, he defeated the Arcadians
his name is not mentioned ; though in the discus and Argives in what has been called the “Tearless
sion at Sparta before the final dissolution of that Battle," from the statement in his despatches, that
truce he comes forward as one who has aad expe- he had won it without losing a man (Xen. Hell.
rience of many wars.
Of the Peloponnesian war vii. 1. § 28; Plut. Ages. c. 33; Polyaen. i. 45;
itself we find the first 10 years sometimes styled Diod. xv. 72); and to the next year, 366, must be
the Archidamian war ; the share, however, taken assigned the “ Archidamus" of Isocrates, written
in it by Archidamus was no more than the com- perhaps to be delivered by the prince in the Spar-
mand of the first two expeditions into Attica; in tan senate, to encourage his country in her resolu-
the 3rd year, of the investment of Plataea ; and tion of maintaining her claim to Messenia, when
again of the third expedition in the 4th year, 428 Corinth had made, with Sparta's consent, a separate
In 427 Cleomenes commanded ; in 426 peace with Thebes. (Xen. Hell. vii. 4. & 9. ) In
Agis, son and now successor of Archidamus. His 364, he was again sent against Arcadia, then at
death must therefore be placed before the beginning war with Flis (Xen. Hell. vii. 4. § 20, &c. ; Just.
of this, though probably after the beginning of that vi. 5); and in 362, having been left at home 10
under Cleomenes; for had Agis already succeeded, protect Sparta while Agesilaus went to join the
be, most likely, and not Cleomenes, would have allies at Mantineia, he baffled the attempt of Epa-
commanded ; in the 42nd year, therefore, of his minondas on the city. (Xen. Hell. vii. 5. $ 9, &c. ;
reign, B. c. 427. His views of this momentous Diod. xv. 82,83; Plut. A ges. c. 34; Isocr. Ep. ad Arch.
struggle, as represented by Thucydides, seem to $ 5. ) He succeeded his father on the throne in 361.
justify the character that historian gives him In 356, we find him privately furnishing Philomelus,
of intelligence and temperance. His just estimate the Phocian, with fifteen talents, to aid him in his
of the comparative strength of the parties, and resistance to the Amphictyonic decree and his
his reluctance to enter without preparation on seizure of Delphi, whence arose the sacred war.
a contest involving so much, deserve our admira- (Diod. xvi. 24; Just. viii. 1; comp. Paus. iv. 4 ;
tion; though in his actual conduct of it he may Theopomp. ap. Paus. iii. 10. ) In 352, occurred
seem to bave somewhat wasted Lacedaemon's the war of Sparta against Megalopolis with a view
moral superiority. The opening of the siege of to the dissolution (S. OLKLO MOS) of that community;
Plataea displays something of the same deliberate and Archidamus was appointed to the command,
character; the proposal to take the town and ter- and gained some successes, though the enterprise
ritory in trust, however we may question the pro- did not ultimately succeed. (Diod. xvi. 39; Paus.
bable result, seems to breathe his just and temperate viii. 27 ; Demosth. pro Megal. ; comp. Aristot. Po-
spirit. He may at any rate be safely excluded lit. v. 10, ed. Bekk. ) In the last year of the sacred
from all responsibility for the cruel treatment of war, 346, we find Archidamus marching into Pho-
the besieged, on their surrender in the year of his cis at the head of 1000 men. According to Dio-
death. We may regard him as the happiest in- dorus (xvi. 59), the Phocians had applied for aid
stance of an accommodation of the Spartan character to Sparta, but this seems questionable from what
to altered circumstances, and his death as a mis | Aeschines (de Fals. Leg. p. 45) reports as the ad-
fortune to Sparta, the same in kind though not in ) vice of the Phocian leaders to Archidamus, “to
degree as that of Pericles was to Athens, with alarm himself about the dangers of Sparta rather
whom he was connected by ties of hospitality and than of Phocis. ” Demosthenes (de Fuls. Leg. p. 365)
whom in some points he seems to have resembled. hints at a private understanding between Philip
He left two sons and one daughter, Agis by his and the Spartans, and at some treachers of his to-
first wife, Lampito or Lampido, his father's half-wards them. Whether however on this account,
sister ; Agesilaus by a second, named Eupolia (ap- or as being distrusted by Phalaecus (Aesch. de Fuls.
parently the woman of small stature whom the Leg. p. 46), or as finding it impossible to effect
Ephors fined him for marrying), and Cynisca, the anything on behalf of the Phocians, Arcbidamus,
only woman, we are told, who carried off an Olympic on the arrival of Philip, withdrew his forces and
victory. (Thuc. i. ii. ii. ; Diod. xi. 63; Paus. iii. returned home. In 338, he went to Italy to aid the
7. 88° 9, 10; Plut. Cimon, 16, Ages. 1 ; Herod. Tarentines against the Lucanians, and there be fell
[A. H. C. ) in battle on the very day, according to Diodorus,
ARCHIDA'MUS III. , king of Sparta, 20th of Philip's victory at Chaeroneia (Diod. xvi. 63, 88;
of the Eurypontids, was son of Agesilaus II. Paus. iii. 10; Strab. vi. p. 280; Theopomp. ap.
We first hear of him as interceding with his father Athen. xii. p. 536, c. d. ; Plut. Agis, c. 3. ) The
in behalf of Sphodrias, to whose son Cleonymus he Spartans erected a statue of him at Olympia, which
was attached, and who was thus saved, through I is mentioned by Pausanias. (vi. ch. 4, 15. ) (E. E. )
vi. 71. )
## p. 268 (#288) ############################################
268
ARCHIGENES.
ARCHILOCHUS.
:
rice.
ARCHIDA'MUS IV. , king of Sparta, 23rd of the father of Archigenes was Philippus; he was a
the Eurypontids, was the son of Eudainidas I. and pupil of Agathinus, whose life he once saved
the grandson of Archidamus 111. (Plut. Arris, 3. ) | AGATHINUS); and he died at the age either of
He was king in B. C. 296, when he was defeated sixty-three or eighty-three. (Suid. s. r. 'Apxıy. ;
by Demetrius Poliorcetes. (Plut. Demetr. 35. ) Eudoc. Violar. ap. Villoison, Anecd. Gr. vol. i. p.
ARCHIDAMUS V. , king of Sparta, 27th of 65. ) The titles of several of his works are pre-
the Eurypontids, was the son of Eudamidas 11. , served, of which, however, nothing but a few
and the brother of Agis IV.
On the murder of fragments remain; some of these have been pre-
his brother Agis, in B. C. 240, Archidamus fied served by other ancient authors, and some are still
from Sparta but obtained possession of the throne in MS. in the King's Library at Paris. (Cramer's
some time after the accession of Cleomenes, through Anecd. Gr. Paris. vol. i. pp. 394, 395. ) By sonie
the means of Aratus, who wished to weaken the writers he is considered to have belonged to the
power of the Ephors : it appears that Cleomenes sect of the Pneumatici. (Galen, Intrud. c. 9. vol.
also was privy to his recall. Archidamus was, xiv. p. 699. ) For further particulars respecting
however, slain almost immediately after his return Archigenes see Le Clerc, Hist. de la Méd. ; Fabric.
to Sparta, by those who had killed his brother and Bild. Gr. vol. xiii. p. 80, ed. vet. ; Sprengel, Hist.
who dreaded his vengeance. It is doubtful whether de la Med. ; Haller, Bibl. Medic. Prac. vol. i.
Cleomenes was a party to the murder. (Plut. p. 198; Osterhausen, Hist. Sectae Pneumatic. Med.
Cleom. 1, 5; comp. Polyb. v. 37, viii. 1. ) Archi- Altorf, 1791, 840. ; Harless, Analecta Historico-Crit.
damus V. was the last king of the Eurypontid de Archigene, &c. , Bamberg. 4to. 1816; Isensee,
He left sons, who were alive at the death of Gesch. der Med. ; Bostock's History of Medicine,
Cleomenes in B. c. 220, but they were passed over, from which work part of the preceding account is
and the crown given to a stranger, Lycurgus. taken.
(W. A. G. )
(Polyb. iv. 35; Clinton, F. H. ii. Append. c. 3. ) ARCHI'LOCHUS ('Apxlxoxos), of Paros, was
ARCHIDA'MUS, the Aetolian. [ARCHEDA- one of the earliest lonian lyric poets, and the first
MUS, No. 3. ]
Greek poet who composed İambic verses according
ARCHIDA'MUS ('Apxidanos), a Greek physi- to fixed rules. He tourished about 714-676 B. C.
cian of whom no particulars are known, but who (Bode, Geschichte der Lyr. Dichtk. i. pp. 38, 47. )
must have lived in the fourth or fifth century B. C. , He was descended from noble family, who held
as Galen quotes one of his opinions (De Simpl. the priesthood in Paros. His grandfather was
Medicam. Temper. ac Facult. ii. 5, &c. , vol. xi. p. Tellis, who brought the worship of Demeter into
471, &c. ), which was preserved by Diocles of Thasos, and whose portrait was introduced by
Carystus. A physician of the same name is men- Polygnotus into his painting of the infernal regions
tioned by Pliny (H. N. Ind. Auct. ), and a few at Delphi. His father was Telesicles, and his ma
fragments on veterinary surgery by a person ther a slave, named Enipo. In the flower of his
named Archedemus are to be found in the “ Vete- age (between 710 and 700 B. c. ), and probably
rinariae Medicinae Libri Duo," first published in after he had already gained a prize for his hymn to
Latin by J. Ruellius, Paris, 1530, fol. , and after- Demeter (Schol. in Aristoph. Ac. 1762), Archilochus
wards in Greek by S. Grynaeus, Basil. 1537, went from Paros to Thasos with a colony, of which
4to.
(W. A. G. ] one account makes him the leader. The motive
ARCHI'DICE ('Apxidikn), a celebrated hetaira for this emigration can only be conjectured. It
of Naucratis in Egypt, whose fame spread through was most probably the result of a political change,
Greece, was arrogant and avaricious. (Herod. ii. to which cause was added, in the case of Archilo-
136; Aelian, V. H. xii. 63; Athen. xiii. p. 596, d. ) chus, a sense of personal wrongs. He had been a
ARCHI'GENES ('Apxiyevms), an eminent an- suitor to Neobule, one of the daughters of Lycam-
cient Greek physician, whose name is probably bes, who first promised and afterwards refused to
more familiar to most non-professional readers than give his daughter to the poet. Enraged at this
that of many others of more real importance, from treatment, Archilochus attacked the whole family
his being mentioned by Juvenal. (vi. 236, xiii. 98, in an iambic poem, accusing Lycambes of perjury,
xiv. 252. ) He was the most celebrated of the sect and his daughters of the most abandoned lives.
of the Eclectici (Dict. of Ant. s. v. Eclectici), and was The verses were recited at the festival of Demeter,
a native of Apamea in Syria; he practised at Rome and produced such an effect, that the daughters of
in the time of Trajan, a. D. 98-117, where he enjoy- Lycambes are said to have hung themselves through
ed a very high reputation for his professional skill. shame. The bitterness which he expresses in his
He is, howerer, reprobated as having been fond of poems towards his natire island (Athen. iii. p. 76,
introducing new and obscure terms into the science, b. ) seems to have arisen in part also from the low
and having attempted to give to medical writings a estimation in which he was held, as being the son
dialectic form, which produced rather the appear of a slave. Neither was he more happy at Thasos,
ance than the reality of accuracy. Archigenes He draws the most melancholy picture of his
published a treatise on the pulse, on which Galen adopted country, which be at length quitted in
wrote a Commentary ; it appears to have contained disgust. (Plut. de Exil. 12. p. 604; Strabo, riv.
a number of minute and subtile distinctions, many p. 648, viii. p. 370; Eustath. in Orlyss. i. p. 227;
of which have no real existence, and were for the Aelian, V. H. xii. 50. ) While at Thasos, he in-
most part the result rather of a preconceived hypo- curred the disgrace of losing his shield in an en-
thesis than of actual observation; and the same gagement with the Thracians of the opposite con-
remark may be applied to an arrangement which tinent ; but, like Alcaeus under similar circum-
he proposed of fevers. He, however, not only en- stances, instead of being ashamed of the disaster,
jored a considerable degree of the public confidence he recorded it in his verse. Plutarch (Inst
. Lacon.
during his life-time, but left behind him a number p. 239, b. ) states, that Archilochus was banished
of disciples, who for many years maintained a re- from Sparta the very hour that he had arrived
spectable rank in their profession. The name of | there, because he bad written in his poeins, that a
8
## p. 269 (#289) ############################################
ARCIIILOCHUS.
269
ARCHILOCHUS.
Was
9
p. 5. )
man bad better throw away his arms than lose his rage," as we see in the line of llorace ( A. P.
life. But Valerius Maximus (vi. 3, ext. 1) says, 79):
that the poems of Archilochus were forbidden at “ Archilochum proprio rabies armavit iambo,"
Sparta because of their licentiousness, and especi- and in the expression of Hadrian (l. c. ), Avoo@vTAS
ally on account of the attack on the daughters of iáulous; and his bitterness passed into a proverbia
Lycambes. It must remain doubtful whether a 'Apxınó xou mateis. But there must have been
confusion has been made between the personal something more than mere sarcastic power, there
history of the poet and the fate of his works, both must bave been truth and delicate wii, in the six-
in this instance and in the story that he won the casms of the poet whom Plato does not hesitate to
prize at Olympia with his hymn to Heracles call "the very wise," (Toû Oodatátov, kepul. ii.
(Tzetzes, Chil. i. 685), of which thus much is cer- p. 365. ) Quintilian (x. 1. & 60) ascribes to him the
tain, that the Olympic victors used to sing a hymn greatest power of expression, displayed in sen-
by Archilochus in their triumphal procession. (Pin- tences sometimes strong, sometimes brief, with ra-
dar, Olymp. ix. 1.
