No More Learning

18. ]

[Footnote 702: Be ye afar. --Ver. 31. He quotes this and the following
line in the Tristia, Book ii. 1. 248, to show that it was not his
intention, by his precepts, to inculcate breaches of chastity among the
Roman matrons. See the Note to the passage, and to the Fasti, Book
ii. 1. 30. The 'vitta,' or 'fillet,' was worn solely by women of pure
character. ]

[Footnote 703: The tawny Indians. --Ver. 53. Herodotus considers the
AEthiopians to be Indians. According to some, the father of Andromeda was
king of Ethiopia; but she is more frequently represented as a native of
Joppa, on the coast of Syria. ]

[Footnote 704: As many stars as. --Ver. 59. Heinsius considers this and
the next line to be spurious. ]

[Footnote 705: Wish a riper fair. --Ver. 63. 'Juvenis,' applied to a
female, would mean something more than a mere girl. 'Juventus' was
that age in which a person was in his best years, from about twenty to
forty. ]

[Footnote 706: Pompey's Portico. --Ver. 67. He alludes to the Portico
which had been erected by Pompey at Rome, and was shaded by plane trees
and refreshed by fountains. The Porticos were walks covered with roofs,
supported by columns. They were sometimes attached to other buildings,
and sometimes were independent of any other edifice. They were much
resorted to by those who wished to take exercise without exposure to the
heat of the sun. The Porticos of the temples were originally intended
for the resort of persons who took part in the rites performed there.
Lawsuits were sometimes conducted in the Porticos of Rome, and goods
were sold there. ]

[Footnote 707: The lion of Hercules. il--Ver. 68. The Nemean lion; which
formed the Constellation Leo in the Zodiac. ]

[Footnote 708: Where the mother. --Ver. 69. He alludes to the Theatre and
Portico which Augustus built; the former of which received the name of
his nephew Marcellus, the latter of his sister Octavia, the mother of
Marcellus. After the death of Marcellus, Octavia added a public library
to this Portico at her own expense. Here there were valuable paintings
of Minerva, Philip and Alexander, and Hercules on Mount Aeta. Some
suppose that the temple of Concord, built by Livia, and mentioned in the
Fasti, is here referred to. ]

[Footnote 709: The Portico of Livia. --Ver. 72. The Portico of Livia was
near the street called Suburra. This Portico is also mentioned in the
Fasti. We learn from Strabo that it was near the Via Sacra, or Sacred
Street. ]

[Footnote 710: Granddaughters of Belus. --Ver. 73. This was the Portico
of the Danaides, in the temple of Apollo. It is referred to in the
Second Elegy of the Second Book of the Amores. ]

[Footnote 711: Bewailed by Venus. --Ver. 75. He alludes to the temple of
Venus, at Rome, which, according to Juvenal, was notorious as the scene
of intrigues and disgraceful irregularities. It was a custom of the
Romans, borrowed from the Assyrians, to lament Adonis in the temple
of Venus. See the Tenth Book of the Metamorphoses. This worship of the
Assyrians is mentioned by the Prophet Ezekiel, chap. viii. ver. 13,
'women weeping for Thatnmuz. ']

[Footnote 712: The Jew of Syria. --Ver. 76. He alludes to the rites
performed in the Synagogues of the Jews of Rome, on the Sabbath, to
which numbers or females were attracted, probably by the music. There
were great numbers of Jews at Rome in the reign of Augustus, who were
allowed to follow their own worship, according to the law of Moses.
The Roman females visiting the Synagogues, assignations and gross
irregularities became the consequence. Tiberius withdrew this privilege
from the Jews, and ordered the priests' vestments and ornaments to be
burnt. This line is thus rendered in Dryden's version:]

'Nor shun the Jewish walk, where the foul drove,]

On Sabbaths rest from everything but love. ']

This wretched paraphrase is excused by the following very illiberal
note,]

'If this version seems to bear a little hard on the ancient Jews, it
does not at all wrong the modern. ']

[Footnote 713: Many a woman. --Ver. 78. Io, or Isis, was debauched by
Jupiter. Martial and Juvenal speak of the irregularities practised on
these occasions. ]

[Footnote 714: Where the erection. --Ver. 81. He refers to the Forum of
Caesar and the temple of Venus, which was built by Julius Caesar after the
battle of Pharsalia. ]

[Footnote 715: Of Appius. --Ver. 82. He alludes to the aqueduct which
had been constructed by the Censor Appius. This passed into the City,
through the Latin gate, and discharged itself near the spot where the
temple of Venus was built. ]

[Footnote 716: Shooting stream. --Ver. 82; He alludes to the violence
with which the water was discharged by the pipes of the aqueduct into
the reservoir. ]


[Footnote 717: Which is adjoining. --Ver. 87. The temple of Venus was
near the Forum. ]

[Footnote 718: Ravished Sabine fair. --Ver. 102. See the Fasti, Book iii.
1. 199. ]

[Footnote 719: Neither did curtains. --Ver. 103. The 'vela,' here
referred to, may mean either the 'siparia,' or curtains of the theatres,
or the awnings which were hung over them. See the Note on the 'siparia'
of the theatres, referred to in the Third Book of the Metamorphoses, L
111. The 'velaria,' or 'awnings,' were stretched over the whole space of
the theatres, to protect the spectators from the sun and rain. ]

[Footnote 720: Marble theatre. --Ver. 103. The Theatres of Pompey and
Scaurus were of marble. ]

[Footnote 721: Nor was the stage. --Ver. 104. The 'pulpita' was that part
of the stage where the actors stood who spoke. It was elevated above the
orchestra, where the Chorus, and dancers and musicians were placed. ]


[Footnote 722: Upon the maidens. --Ver. 116. Some writers say that only
thirty women were carried off. Valerius Antius made the number 427, and
Plutarch mentions a statement that it was 600]

[Footnote 723: The partition. --Ver. 141. See the Amores, Book iii. El.
ii. 1. 19. ]

[Footnote 724: Let the usual subjects. --Ver. 144. 'Publica verba' means
the compliments of the day,' and the 'topics suited to the occasion. ']

[Footnote 725: Statues of ivory. --Ver. 149. For an account of this
procession, see the Amores, Book iii. El. ii. 1. 43. ]

[Footnote 726: Your fingers. --Ver. 150. See 1. 42, of the same Elegy. ]

[Footnote 727: Dirty ground. --Ver. 154. See 1. 26, of the same Elegy. ]

[Footnote 728: Knee against it. --Ver. 158. See 1. 24, of the same
Elegy. ]

[Footnote 729: With his ready hand. --Ver. 160. As the seats of the
Circus were hard, the women often made use of a cushion to sit upon.
Those who were not so fortunate as to get a front seat, and so rest
their feet in the railings opposite (see the Second Elegy of the Third
Book of the Amores, 1. 64, and the Note), used a footstool, 'scamnum,'
(which is mentioned here in the 162nd line,) on which they rested their
feet. ]

[Footnote 730: Its sad duties. --Ver. 164. Juvenal tells us that
gladiatorial spectacles were sometimes exhibited in the Forum. ]

[Footnote 731: Himself receives a wound. --Ver. 166. The word 'habet,'
here used, is borrowed from the usage at the gladiatorial games. When
a gladiator was wounded, the people called aloud 'habet,' or 'hoc habet
and the one who was vanquished lowered his arms, in token of submission.
If the people chose that he should be saved, they pressed down their
thumbs; but they turned them up, if they desired that he should be
killed. ]


[Footnote 732: Asking for the racing list. --Ver. 167. The 'libellus,'
here mentioned, was the list of the horses, with their names and
colours, and those of the drivers. It served the same purpose as the
race-cards on our courses. ]

[Footnote 733: Having deposited the stake. --Ver. 168. When a bet was
made, the parties betting gave to each other a pledge, 'pignus,' in the
shape of some trinket, such as a ring. When the bet was completed, they
touched hands. ]

[Footnote 734: When of late. --Ver. 171. He speaks of a 'Naumachia,' or
mimic sea-fight, which had been lately exhibited at Rome by Augustus,
in commemoration of the battle of Actium. As Antony had collected his
forces from the East and all parts of Greece, his ships are alluded to
as the Persian and Cecropian, or Athenian ships. The term, 'Naumachia,'
was applied both to the representation of a sea-fight, and to the place
where it was given. They were sometimes exhibited in the Circus
or Amphitheatre, the water being introduced under-ground, but more
generally in spots constructed for the purpose. The first was shown by
Julius Caesar, who caused a lake to be dug for the purpose in a part of
the Campus Martius, which Suetonius calls 'the lesser Codeta. ' This
was filled up by Augustus, who dug a lake near the Tiber for the same
purpose; to which, probably, reference is here made. ]

[Footnote 735: Introduced. --Ver. 172. 'Induxit. ' By the use of this
word, it would seem that Augustus Caesar introduced the ships, probably,
from the river Tiber into the lake. ]

[Footnote 736: See! Caesar prepares. --Ver. 177.
Augustus sent his
grandson, Caius, the son of his daughter Julia and Agrippa, to head an
expedition against Phraates, the king of the Parthians, the conquerors
of Crassus; from this expedition he did not live to return, but perished
in battle. ]

[Footnote 737: Crassi, rejoice. --Ver. 180. See the Fasti, Book v. 1.
583-8, with the Note. Also Book vi. 1. 465]

[Footnote 738: Of the Gods. --Ver. 183. In a spirit of adulation, he
deifies Caius Caesar, and his brother Lucius. ]

[Footnote 739: First of the youths. --Ver. 194. The 'princeps juvenum'
had the honour of riding first, in the review of the Equestrian ranks
by the Emperor. See the Tristia, Book ii. 1. 90. Caius did not live
to fulfil this prophecy, as he was slain through the perfidy of the
Parthian general. ]

[Footnote 740: Since thou hast brothers. --Ver. 195. He alludes,
probably, to Lucius Caesar, the other grandson of Augustus, and Marcus
Agrippa, the husband of Julia, the daughter of Augustus. ]

[Footnote 741: Hast a sire. --Ver. 196. He had been adopted by Augustus.
*What rivers are borne. --Ver. 220. See the twentieth line of the Second
Elegy, Book iv. of the Tristia. * Perfectly well. --Ver. 222. See a
similar passage in the Tristia' Book iv. EL ii. 1. 24. ]

[Footnote 742: The Euphrates. --Ver. 223. The rivers were generally
personified by the ancients as being crowned with reeds. ]

[Footnote 743: The one whose. --Ver. 224. The young man is supposed to be
addressing the damsel in these words. ]

[Footnote 744: From Danae. --Ver. 225. He means, that Persia was so
called from Perses, the son of Andromeda, by Perseus, the son of
Danae. It is more generally thought to have been so called from a word
signifying; a horse. ' Achaemenes was one of the ancient kings of Persia. ]

[Footnote 745: Still it is fatal. --Ver. 236. 'Solet,' 'is wont,' is
certainly a pre-narrative reading here to 'nocet. ']


[Footnote 746: Deceiving lamp. --Ver. 245. This is as much as to remind
him of the adage that women and linen look best by candle-light. ]

[Footnote 747: Why mention Baiae. --Ver. 255. Baiae was a town on the
sea-shore, near Naples, famous for its hot baths. It was delightfully
situate, and here Pompey, Caesar, and many of the wealthy Romans, had
country seats: Seneca and Propertius refer to it as famous for its
debaucheries, and it was much frequented by persons of loose character.
It was the custom at Baiae, in the summer-time, for both sexes to cruise
about the shore in boats of various colours, both in the day-time and at
night, with sumptuous feasts and bands of music on board. ]

[Footnote 748: Hostile hand. --Ver. 260. See the Fasti, Book iii. 1. 263.
He means that the Arician grove was much resorted to by those engaged in
courtship tad intrigues. ]

[Footnote 749: Borne upon unequal wheels. --Ver. 264. He alludes to
Thalia, the Muse who inspires him, preferring the unequal or Hexameter
and Pentameter measure of Elegiac verse. ]

[Footnote 750: By the lark. --Ver. 286. See the Metamorphoses, Book x. ]

[Footnote 751: Of Cydon. '--Ver. 293. This was a city of Crete. ]

[Footnote 752: Untruthful as it is. --Ver. 298. The Cretans were
universally noted in ancient times for their disregard for truth. St.
Paul, in his Epistle to Titus, ch. i. ver, 12, says, quoting from the
Cretan poet Epimenides "One of themselves, even a prophet of their own,
said, 'The Cretans are alway liars, evil beasts, slow bellies. ' This
witness is true. "]

[Footnote 753: By a bull! --Ver. 302. See this story explained in the
Translation of the Metamorphoses, p. 70. ]

[Footnote 754: The sire. --Ver. 326. This was the Minotaur. See the
Metamorphoses, Book viii]

[Footnote 755: If the Cretan dame. --Ver. 327. This was AErope, the wife
of Atreus, who slew the children of his brother Thyestes, and set them
on table before their father. ]

[Footnote 756: Who spoiled. ---Ver. 331. He falls into his usual mistake
of confounding Scylla, the daughter of Nisus, with the daughter of
Phorcys. ]

[Footnote 757: The flames. --Ver. 335. See the Metamorphoses, Book vii.
1. 391, and the Epistle of Medea to Jason. ]

[Footnote 758: The son of Amyntor. --Ver. 337. Phoenix, the son of
Amyntor, according to Homer, became blind in his latter years. See the
Note to the 307th line of the Eighth Book of the Metamorphoses. ]

[Footnote 759: Of thy guiltless sons. --Ver. 339. Phineus was a king
of Arcadia, or, according to some, of Thrace or Paphlagonia. His
wife, Cleopatra, being dead or divorced, he married a Scythian, named
Harpalice, at whose suggestion he put out the eyes of his sons by
Cleopatra. He was persecuted by the Harpies, as a punishment. ]

[Footnote 760: What is one's own. --Ver. 348. 'Suis' seems preferable
here to suos. ']

[Footnote 761: The crop. --Ver. 349. These lines are referred to by
Juvenal in the Fourteenth Satire, 1. 143. ]

[Footnote 762: Your access easy. --Ver. 352. See his address to Nape,
in the Amores, Book i. El. ii. Cypassis seems to have been a choice
specimen of this class. See the Amores, Book ii. El. viii. ]

[Footnote 763: Pay him in return. '--Ver. 370. This seems to mean, 'I
do not think you can make sufficient return for his ardent affection,'
referring to the lover. Some of the Commentators think that it signifies
a hint from the servant, that as her mistress's husband has offended her
by his infidelities, she ought to repay him in his own coin. ]

[Footnote 764: Is of use. --Ver. 375. This abominable notion seems to
have been acted upon by the Poet himself. See the Amores, Book ii. El.
viii. ]

[Footnote 765: Her birthday. --Ver. 405. See the Amores, Book i. El.
viii. 1. 94. ]

[Footnote 766: Whether the Calends. --Ver. 405. The Matronalia were
celebrated on the first day of the Calends of March. It was usual on
that day, for husbands to make presents to their wives, and lovers to
the objects of their affection. The Calends of March preceded April,
which month was sacred to Venus. See the Fasti, Book iii. 1. 170. ]

[Footnote 767: The wealth of kings. --Ver. 408. It was the custom to
bring the spoils of the enemy, or the most curious portions of it, to
Rome, where it was exposed to view in the Circus and the Theatres. Ovid
tells his readers that they must not think that the ladies can give them
any of their leisure on such occasions, as, being so much engaged with
the sights, they will have no time for love-making. ]

[Footnote 768: Pleiades prevail. --Ver. 409. This is said figuratively. ]

[Footnote 769: Tearful Allia. --Ver. 413. The 16th of July, the day on
which the Romans were defeated by the Gauls at the Allia, was deemed
unlucky, and no business was transacted on it. ]

[Footnote 770: A day not suited for. --Ver. 415. The Jews are here
alluded to. and he refers to their Sabbath. How some Commentators can
have dreamed that the feast of the Saturnalia is referred to, it is hard
to say. ]

[Footnote 771: Great must be. --Ver. 417.