| the same as the one who wrote a work on the
But here he becomes involved in a vicious circle, succession of the Greek philosophers (ai Tv
for when asked what opórnois is, he could only pilogów dadoxai), which is so often referred to
call it an insight into the good, having before by Diogenes Laërtius (i.
But here he becomes involved in a vicious circle, succession of the Greek philosophers (ai Tv
for when asked what opórnois is, he could only pilogów dadoxai), which is so often referred to
call it an insight into the good, having before by Diogenes Laërtius (i.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
vii.
Praef.
$ 15.
)
[P. S. )
of Antiphon's tragedies: viz. Meleager, Andro- ANTI'STHENES ('AVTio Oévms), an AGRIGEN-
mache, Medein, Jason, and Philoctetes. (Bode, TINE, is mentioned by Diodorus (xiii. 84) as an
Gesch. der Dram. Dichtk. der Hellen. i. p. 554, &c. ) instance of the immense wealth which private citi-
3. Of Athens, a sophist and an epic poet. zens possessed at Agrigentum. When his daughter
Suidas, who says that he was surnamed noyo- was married, more than 800 carriages went in the
máveipus, and others state, that he occupied him- nuptial procession.
self with the interpretation of signs. He wrote ANTI'STHENES ('Artionévns), a Cynic
a work on the interpretation of dreams, which philosopher, the son of Antisthenes, an Athenian,
is referred to by Artemidorus, Cicero, and others. was the founder of the sect of the Cynics, which
(Artemid. Oneirocr. ii. 14; Cic. de Divin. i. 20, of all the Greek schools of philosophy was per-
51, ii. 70. ) He is unquestionably the same per haps the most devoid of any scientific purpose.
son as the Antiphon who was an opponent of He flourished B. C. 366 (Diod. xv. 76), and his
Socrates, and who is mentioned by Xenophon mother was a Thracian (Suidas, s. v. ; Diog.
(Memorab. i. 6. & 1; compare Diog. Laërt. ii. 46; Laërt. vi. 1), though some say a Phrygian, an
Senec. Controv. 9), and must be distinguished from opinion probably derived from his replying to
the rhetorician Antiphon of Rhamnus, as well as a man who reviled him as not being a genuine
from the tragic poet of the same nanie, although Athenian citizen, that the inother of the gods was
the ancients themselves appear to have been doubt- a Phrygian. In his youth he fought at Tanagra
ful as to who the Antiphon mentioned by Xeno- (B. c. 426), and was a disciple first of Gorgias, and
phon really was. (Ruhnken, Opusculc, i. pp. 148, then of Socrates, whom he never quitted, and at
&c. , 169, &c. , ed. Friedemann. ) Not a line of his whose death he was present. (Plat. Phaed. § 59. )
poems is extant.
He never forgave his master's persecutors, and is
4. The youngest brother of Plato, whose name even said to have been instrumental in procuring
the philosopher has immortalised in his dialogue their punishment. (Diog. Laërt. vi. 10. )
lle
" Parmenides. ” (Plut. de Frat. Amor. p. 484, £) survived the battle of Leuctra (B. C. 371), as he is
The father of Plato's wife was likewise called reported to have compared the victory of the
Antiphon. (Plut. de Genio Socrat. )
Thebans to a set of schoolboys beating their mas-
5. An Athenian, and a contemporary of De ter (Plut. Lycurg. 30), and died at Athens, ai the
mosthenes. For some offence his name was age of 70. (Eudocia, Violarium, p. 56. ) He
effaced from the list of Athenian citizens, where taught in the Cynosarges
, a gymnasium for the use
upon be went to Philip of Macedonia. He of Athenians born of foreign mothers, near the
pledged himself to the king, that he would de temple of Hercules. Hence probably his followers
stroy by fire the Athenian arsenal in Peiraeeus; were called Cynics, though the Scholiast on Aristotle
but when he arrived there with this intention, (p. 23, Brandis) deduces the name from the habits of
he was arrested by Demosthenes and accused of the school, either their dog-like neglect of all furins
treachery. He was found guilty, and put to and usages of society, sleeping in tubs and in the
death in B. c. 342. (Dem. de Coron. p. 271; streets, and eating whatever they could find, or
Stecbow, de Aeschinis Orat. Vita, p. 73, &c. ; AES from their shameless insolence, or else their perti-
CHINES, p. 38. )
nacious adherence to their own opinions, or lastly
6. A Greek' sophist, who lived before the time from their habit of driving from them all whom
of Aristotle, and whose opinions respecting the they thought unfit for a philosophical life. His
quadrature of the circle, and the genesis of things, writings were very numerous, and chiefly dialogies,
are mentioned by this philosopher. (Aristot. So some of them being vehement attacks on his con-
phist. Elench. i. 10, Phys. i. 2, ii. 1. )
tempomaries, as on Alcibiades in the second of his
## p. 208 (#228) ############################################
208
ANTISTIENES.
ANTISTIIEXES.
e.
two works entitled Cyrus, on Gorgias in his Arche- | any sensible representation, since he is unlike any
laus and a most furious one on Plato in his Sutho. being on earth. . (Clem. Alex. Strom. v. p. 601. )
(Athen. v. p. 220, b. ) lis style was pure and ele- Hle probably held just views of providence, shew-
gant, and Theopompus even said that Plato stole ing the sufficiency of virtue for happiness by the
from him many of his thoughts. (Athen. xi. p. fact, that out ward events are regulated by God so
508, c. ) Cicero, however, calls him “homo acu- as to benefit the wise. Such, at least, was the
tus magis quam eruditus" (ad. Att. xii. 38), and view of his pupil Diogenes of Sinope, and seems
it is impossible that his writings could have de involved in his own statement, that all which be
served any higher praise. He poscssed consider longs to others is truly the property of the wise
able powers of wit and sarcasm, and was fond of man. Of his logic we hear that he held definitions
playing upon words ; saying, for instance, that he to be impossible, since we can only say that every
would rather fall among Kopákes than Kohákes, for individual is what it is and can give no more than
the one devour the dead, but the other the living; a description of its qualities, e. g. that silver is like
and that one of his pupils stood in need Biblia- tin in colour. (Arist. Met. viii. 3. ) Thus he, of
ρίου καινού, και γραφείου καινού (i. c. και νου). I course, disbelieved the Platonic System of ideas,
Two declamations of his are preserved, nained since each particular object of thought has its own
Ajax and Ulysses, which are purely rhetorical, separate essence. This also is in conformity with
and an epistle to Aristippus is attributed to him. the practical and unscientific character of his doc-
His philosophical system was almost confined to trine, and its tendency to isolate noticed above.
ethics. In all that the wise man does, he said, he He never had many disciples, which annoyed him
conforms to perfect virtue, and pleasure is not only so much that he drove away those who did attend
unnecessary to man, but a positive evil. He is his teaching, except Diogenes, who remained with
reported to have held pain and even infamy him till his death. His staff and wallet and mean
(dbočia) to be blessings, and that madness is pre- clothing were only proofs of his vanity, which
ferable to pleasure, though Ritter thinks that some Socrates told him he saw through the holes of
of these extravagances must have been advanced his coat. The same quality appears in his con-
not as his own opinions, but those of the interlocu- tempt for the Athenian constitution and social in-
tors in his dialogues. According to Schleiermacher stitutions generally, resulting from his being him-
(Anmerkungen zum Phileb. S. 204), the passage in self debarred from exercising the rights of a citizen
the Philebus (p. 44), which mentions the theory, by the foreign extraction of his mother. His phi-
that pleasure is a mere negation, and consists only losophy was evidently thought worthless by Plato
in the absence of pain, refers to the opinions of and Aristotle, to the former of whom he was per-
Antisthenes; and the statement in Aristotle (Eth. sonally hostile. His school is classed by Ritter
Nic. x. 1), that some persons considered pleasure among the imperfect Socraticists; after his death
wholly worthless (Komion paūlov) is certainly an his disciples wandered further and further from all
allusion to the Cynical doctrine. It is, howerer, scientific objects, and plunged more deeply into
probable that he did not consider all pleasure fanatical extravagances. Perhaps some of their
worthless, but only that which results from the exaggerated statements have been attributed to
gratification of sensual or artificial desires, for we their master. The fragments which remain of his
find him praising the pleasures which spring dx writings have been collected by Winckelniann
tñs Yuxñs (Xen. Symp. iv. 41), and the enjoy- (Antisthenes, Fragmenta, Turici, 1842), and this
ments of a wisely chosen friendship. (Diog. small work, with the account of him by Ritter
Laërt. vi. 11. ) The summum bonum he placed in (Gesch. der Philosophie, vii. 4) will supply all the
a life according to virtue, - virtue consisting in information which can be desired. Most of the
action, and being such, that when once obtained ancient authorities have been given in the course
it is never lost, and exempts the wise man from of this article. We may add to them Arrian,
the chance of error. That is, it is closely con- Epictet. iii. 22, iv. 8, 11; Lucian, Cynic. iii. p.
nected with reason, but to enable it to develop 54] ; Julian, Orat. vii.
[G. E. L. C. )
itself in action, and to be sufficient for happiness, ANTI'STHENES ('Antiobevms), a disciple of
it requires the aid of energy (Ewkpatiko) 1o Xús); HERACLEITUS, wrote a commentary on the work
so that we may represent him as teaching, that the of his master. (Diog. Laert. ix. 15, vi. 19. ) It
summum bonum, àpeth, is attainable by teaching is not improbable that this Antisthenes may be
(διδακτόν), and made up of φρόνησις and ισχύς.
| the same as the one who wrote a work on the
But here he becomes involved in a vicious circle, succession of the Greek philosophers (ai Tv
for when asked what opórnois is, he could only pilogów dadoxai), which is so often referred to
call it an insight into the good, having before by Diogenes Laërtius (i. 40, ü. 39, 98, vi. 77, 87,
made the good to consist in opovnois. (Plat. vii
. 168. &c. ), unless it appear preferable to assign
Rep. vi. p. 505. ) The negative character of his it to the peripatetic philosopher mentioned by
ethics, which are a mere denial of the Cyrenaic Phlegon. (de Mirabil. 3. )
(L. S. )
doctrine, is further shewn in his apophthegm, that ANTI'STHENES ('Artiolévns), of Rhodes,
the most necessary piece of knowledge is tò kakd a Greek historian who lived about the year B. C.
à toualeiv, while in his wish to isolate and with | 200. He took an active part in the political
draw the sage from all connexion with others, affairs of his country, and wrote a history of his
rendering him superior even to natural affection own time, which, notwithstanding its partiality
and the political institutions of his country, he towards his native island, is spoken of in terms of
really founds a system as purely selfish as that of high praise by Polybius. (avi. 14, &c. ; comp.
Aristippus.
Diog. Laërt. vi. 19. ) Plutarch (de Fluv. 22) men-
The Physicus of Antisthenes contained a theory tions an Antisthenes who wrote a work called
of the nature of the gods (Cic. de Nat. Deor. i. Meleagris, of which the third book is quoted; and
13), in which he contended for the Unity of the Pliny (H. N. xxxvi. 12) speaks of a person of the
Deity, and that man is unable to know him by same name, who wrote on the pyramids; but
## p. 209 (#229) ############################################
ANTISTIUS.
209
ANTONIA.
whether they are the same person as the Rhodian, | Pharsalia went to Bithynia, where he saw Caesar
or two distinct writers, or the Ephesian Antis- and was pardoned by him. He died at Corcyra on
thenes mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius (vi. 19), his return, leaving behind him considerable pro-
cannot be decided.
(L. S. ]
perty. (Cic. ad Fam. xiii. 29. )
ANTI'STHENES ('Avridevns), a SPARTAN ANTI'STIUS, the name of the physician who
admiral in the Peloponnesian war, was sent out in examined the body of Julius Caesar after his
B. C. 412, in command of a squadron, to the coast murder, B. C. 44; and who is said by Suetonius
of Asia Minor, and was to have succeeded Astya (Jul. Caes. 82) to have declared, that out of all
chus, in case the Spartan commissioners thought it his wounds only one was mortal, namely, that which
necessary to deprive that officer of his command. he had received in the breast. (W. A. G. )
(Thuc. viii. 39. ) We hear of him again in B. C. ANTIS'TIUS ('Avrlotios), a writer of Greek
399, when, with two other commissioners, he was EPIGRAMS, though, as his name seems to indicate,
sent out to inspect the state of affairs in Asia, and a Roman by birth. Respecting his life and his
announce to Dercyllidas that his command was to age nothing is known, but we possess three of his
be prolonged for another year. (Xen. Hellen. iii. 2. epigrams in the Greek Anthology. (Jacobs, ad
$ 6. ) There was also an Athenian general of this Anthol. Gr. xiii. p. 852. )
(L. S. )
name. (Mem. ii. 4. § 1. )
(C. P. M. ) ANTI'STIUS SOSIA'NUS. [Sosianus. ]
ANTI'STIA. l. Wife of Ap. Claudius, Cos. SP. ANTIUS, a Roman ambassador, was sent
B. C. 143, and mother-in-law of Tib. Gracchus. | with three others to Lar Tolumnius, the king of
(Plut. Tib. Gracch. 4. )
the Veientes, in B. C. 438, by whom he was killed.
2. Daughter of P. Antistius (ANTISTIUS, No. 6] Statues of all four were placed on the Rostra.
and Calpurnia, was married Pompeius Magnus (Liv, iv. 16; Cic. Phil. ix. 2. ) In iny (H. N.
in B. c. 86, who contracted the connexion that he xxxiv. 6. s. 11) the reading is Sp. Nautius, which
might obtain a favourable judgment from Antistius, ought, however, to be changed into Antius. (Comp.
who presided in the court in which Pompeius was Drakenborch, ad Liv. I. c. )
to be tried. Antistia was divorced by her husband ANTOʻNIA. 1. A daughter of Antonius the
in B. C. 82 by Sulla's order, who made him marry orator, Cos. B. C. 99 (ANTONIUS, No. 8), was
his step-danghter Aemilia (Plut. Pomp. 4, 9. ) seized in Italy itself by the pirates over whom her
ANTI'STIA GENS, on coins and inscriptions father triumphed, and obtained her liberation only
usually ANTEÄSTIA, plebeian. (Liv. vi. 30. ) In on payment of a large sum. (Plut. Pomp. 24. ]
the earlier ages of the republic, none of the mem- 2. 3. The two daughters of C. Antonius, Cos.
bers of the gens appear with any surname, and B. C. 63, of whom one was married to C. Caninius
even in later times they are sometimes mentioned Gallus (Val. Max. iv. 2. & 6), and the other to her
without one. The surnames under the republic first cousin, M. Antonius, the triumvir. The latter
are LABEO, REGINUS, and Vetus: those who had was divorced by her husband in 47, on the ground
no surname are given under ANTISTIUS. No per- of an alleged intrigue between her and Dolabella.
sons of this name are of great historical importance. (Cic. Phil. ii. 38; Plut. Ant. 9. )
ANTI'STIUS. 1. Sex. ANTISTIUS, tribune of 4. Daughter of M. Antonius, the triumvir, and
the plebs, B. C. 422. (Liv. iv. 42. )
his second wife Antonia, was betrothed to the son
2. L. ANTISTIUS, consular tribune, B. C. 379. of M. Lepidus in B. C. 44, and married to him in
(Liv. vi 30. )
36. (Dion Cass. xliv. 53; Appian, B. C. v. 93. )
3.
[P. S. )
of Antiphon's tragedies: viz. Meleager, Andro- ANTI'STHENES ('AVTio Oévms), an AGRIGEN-
mache, Medein, Jason, and Philoctetes. (Bode, TINE, is mentioned by Diodorus (xiii. 84) as an
Gesch. der Dram. Dichtk. der Hellen. i. p. 554, &c. ) instance of the immense wealth which private citi-
3. Of Athens, a sophist and an epic poet. zens possessed at Agrigentum. When his daughter
Suidas, who says that he was surnamed noyo- was married, more than 800 carriages went in the
máveipus, and others state, that he occupied him- nuptial procession.
self with the interpretation of signs. He wrote ANTI'STHENES ('Artionévns), a Cynic
a work on the interpretation of dreams, which philosopher, the son of Antisthenes, an Athenian,
is referred to by Artemidorus, Cicero, and others. was the founder of the sect of the Cynics, which
(Artemid. Oneirocr. ii. 14; Cic. de Divin. i. 20, of all the Greek schools of philosophy was per-
51, ii. 70. ) He is unquestionably the same per haps the most devoid of any scientific purpose.
son as the Antiphon who was an opponent of He flourished B. C. 366 (Diod. xv. 76), and his
Socrates, and who is mentioned by Xenophon mother was a Thracian (Suidas, s. v. ; Diog.
(Memorab. i. 6. & 1; compare Diog. Laërt. ii. 46; Laërt. vi. 1), though some say a Phrygian, an
Senec. Controv. 9), and must be distinguished from opinion probably derived from his replying to
the rhetorician Antiphon of Rhamnus, as well as a man who reviled him as not being a genuine
from the tragic poet of the same nanie, although Athenian citizen, that the inother of the gods was
the ancients themselves appear to have been doubt- a Phrygian. In his youth he fought at Tanagra
ful as to who the Antiphon mentioned by Xeno- (B. c. 426), and was a disciple first of Gorgias, and
phon really was. (Ruhnken, Opusculc, i. pp. 148, then of Socrates, whom he never quitted, and at
&c. , 169, &c. , ed. Friedemann. ) Not a line of his whose death he was present. (Plat. Phaed. § 59. )
poems is extant.
He never forgave his master's persecutors, and is
4. The youngest brother of Plato, whose name even said to have been instrumental in procuring
the philosopher has immortalised in his dialogue their punishment. (Diog. Laërt. vi. 10. )
lle
" Parmenides. ” (Plut. de Frat. Amor. p. 484, £) survived the battle of Leuctra (B. C. 371), as he is
The father of Plato's wife was likewise called reported to have compared the victory of the
Antiphon. (Plut. de Genio Socrat. )
Thebans to a set of schoolboys beating their mas-
5. An Athenian, and a contemporary of De ter (Plut. Lycurg. 30), and died at Athens, ai the
mosthenes. For some offence his name was age of 70. (Eudocia, Violarium, p. 56. ) He
effaced from the list of Athenian citizens, where taught in the Cynosarges
, a gymnasium for the use
upon be went to Philip of Macedonia. He of Athenians born of foreign mothers, near the
pledged himself to the king, that he would de temple of Hercules. Hence probably his followers
stroy by fire the Athenian arsenal in Peiraeeus; were called Cynics, though the Scholiast on Aristotle
but when he arrived there with this intention, (p. 23, Brandis) deduces the name from the habits of
he was arrested by Demosthenes and accused of the school, either their dog-like neglect of all furins
treachery. He was found guilty, and put to and usages of society, sleeping in tubs and in the
death in B. c. 342. (Dem. de Coron. p. 271; streets, and eating whatever they could find, or
Stecbow, de Aeschinis Orat. Vita, p. 73, &c. ; AES from their shameless insolence, or else their perti-
CHINES, p. 38. )
nacious adherence to their own opinions, or lastly
6. A Greek' sophist, who lived before the time from their habit of driving from them all whom
of Aristotle, and whose opinions respecting the they thought unfit for a philosophical life. His
quadrature of the circle, and the genesis of things, writings were very numerous, and chiefly dialogies,
are mentioned by this philosopher. (Aristot. So some of them being vehement attacks on his con-
phist. Elench. i. 10, Phys. i. 2, ii. 1. )
tempomaries, as on Alcibiades in the second of his
## p. 208 (#228) ############################################
208
ANTISTIENES.
ANTISTIIEXES.
e.
two works entitled Cyrus, on Gorgias in his Arche- | any sensible representation, since he is unlike any
laus and a most furious one on Plato in his Sutho. being on earth. . (Clem. Alex. Strom. v. p. 601. )
(Athen. v. p. 220, b. ) lis style was pure and ele- Hle probably held just views of providence, shew-
gant, and Theopompus even said that Plato stole ing the sufficiency of virtue for happiness by the
from him many of his thoughts. (Athen. xi. p. fact, that out ward events are regulated by God so
508, c. ) Cicero, however, calls him “homo acu- as to benefit the wise. Such, at least, was the
tus magis quam eruditus" (ad. Att. xii. 38), and view of his pupil Diogenes of Sinope, and seems
it is impossible that his writings could have de involved in his own statement, that all which be
served any higher praise. He poscssed consider longs to others is truly the property of the wise
able powers of wit and sarcasm, and was fond of man. Of his logic we hear that he held definitions
playing upon words ; saying, for instance, that he to be impossible, since we can only say that every
would rather fall among Kopákes than Kohákes, for individual is what it is and can give no more than
the one devour the dead, but the other the living; a description of its qualities, e. g. that silver is like
and that one of his pupils stood in need Biblia- tin in colour. (Arist. Met. viii. 3. ) Thus he, of
ρίου καινού, και γραφείου καινού (i. c. και νου). I course, disbelieved the Platonic System of ideas,
Two declamations of his are preserved, nained since each particular object of thought has its own
Ajax and Ulysses, which are purely rhetorical, separate essence. This also is in conformity with
and an epistle to Aristippus is attributed to him. the practical and unscientific character of his doc-
His philosophical system was almost confined to trine, and its tendency to isolate noticed above.
ethics. In all that the wise man does, he said, he He never had many disciples, which annoyed him
conforms to perfect virtue, and pleasure is not only so much that he drove away those who did attend
unnecessary to man, but a positive evil. He is his teaching, except Diogenes, who remained with
reported to have held pain and even infamy him till his death. His staff and wallet and mean
(dbočia) to be blessings, and that madness is pre- clothing were only proofs of his vanity, which
ferable to pleasure, though Ritter thinks that some Socrates told him he saw through the holes of
of these extravagances must have been advanced his coat. The same quality appears in his con-
not as his own opinions, but those of the interlocu- tempt for the Athenian constitution and social in-
tors in his dialogues. According to Schleiermacher stitutions generally, resulting from his being him-
(Anmerkungen zum Phileb. S. 204), the passage in self debarred from exercising the rights of a citizen
the Philebus (p. 44), which mentions the theory, by the foreign extraction of his mother. His phi-
that pleasure is a mere negation, and consists only losophy was evidently thought worthless by Plato
in the absence of pain, refers to the opinions of and Aristotle, to the former of whom he was per-
Antisthenes; and the statement in Aristotle (Eth. sonally hostile. His school is classed by Ritter
Nic. x. 1), that some persons considered pleasure among the imperfect Socraticists; after his death
wholly worthless (Komion paūlov) is certainly an his disciples wandered further and further from all
allusion to the Cynical doctrine. It is, howerer, scientific objects, and plunged more deeply into
probable that he did not consider all pleasure fanatical extravagances. Perhaps some of their
worthless, but only that which results from the exaggerated statements have been attributed to
gratification of sensual or artificial desires, for we their master. The fragments which remain of his
find him praising the pleasures which spring dx writings have been collected by Winckelniann
tñs Yuxñs (Xen. Symp. iv. 41), and the enjoy- (Antisthenes, Fragmenta, Turici, 1842), and this
ments of a wisely chosen friendship. (Diog. small work, with the account of him by Ritter
Laërt. vi. 11. ) The summum bonum he placed in (Gesch. der Philosophie, vii. 4) will supply all the
a life according to virtue, - virtue consisting in information which can be desired. Most of the
action, and being such, that when once obtained ancient authorities have been given in the course
it is never lost, and exempts the wise man from of this article. We may add to them Arrian,
the chance of error. That is, it is closely con- Epictet. iii. 22, iv. 8, 11; Lucian, Cynic. iii. p.
nected with reason, but to enable it to develop 54] ; Julian, Orat. vii.
[G. E. L. C. )
itself in action, and to be sufficient for happiness, ANTI'STHENES ('Antiobevms), a disciple of
it requires the aid of energy (Ewkpatiko) 1o Xús); HERACLEITUS, wrote a commentary on the work
so that we may represent him as teaching, that the of his master. (Diog. Laert. ix. 15, vi. 19. ) It
summum bonum, àpeth, is attainable by teaching is not improbable that this Antisthenes may be
(διδακτόν), and made up of φρόνησις and ισχύς.
| the same as the one who wrote a work on the
But here he becomes involved in a vicious circle, succession of the Greek philosophers (ai Tv
for when asked what opórnois is, he could only pilogów dadoxai), which is so often referred to
call it an insight into the good, having before by Diogenes Laërtius (i. 40, ü. 39, 98, vi. 77, 87,
made the good to consist in opovnois. (Plat. vii
. 168. &c. ), unless it appear preferable to assign
Rep. vi. p. 505. ) The negative character of his it to the peripatetic philosopher mentioned by
ethics, which are a mere denial of the Cyrenaic Phlegon. (de Mirabil. 3. )
(L. S. )
doctrine, is further shewn in his apophthegm, that ANTI'STHENES ('Artiolévns), of Rhodes,
the most necessary piece of knowledge is tò kakd a Greek historian who lived about the year B. C.
à toualeiv, while in his wish to isolate and with | 200. He took an active part in the political
draw the sage from all connexion with others, affairs of his country, and wrote a history of his
rendering him superior even to natural affection own time, which, notwithstanding its partiality
and the political institutions of his country, he towards his native island, is spoken of in terms of
really founds a system as purely selfish as that of high praise by Polybius. (avi. 14, &c. ; comp.
Aristippus.
Diog. Laërt. vi. 19. ) Plutarch (de Fluv. 22) men-
The Physicus of Antisthenes contained a theory tions an Antisthenes who wrote a work called
of the nature of the gods (Cic. de Nat. Deor. i. Meleagris, of which the third book is quoted; and
13), in which he contended for the Unity of the Pliny (H. N. xxxvi. 12) speaks of a person of the
Deity, and that man is unable to know him by same name, who wrote on the pyramids; but
## p. 209 (#229) ############################################
ANTISTIUS.
209
ANTONIA.
whether they are the same person as the Rhodian, | Pharsalia went to Bithynia, where he saw Caesar
or two distinct writers, or the Ephesian Antis- and was pardoned by him. He died at Corcyra on
thenes mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius (vi. 19), his return, leaving behind him considerable pro-
cannot be decided.
(L. S. ]
perty. (Cic. ad Fam. xiii. 29. )
ANTI'STHENES ('Avridevns), a SPARTAN ANTI'STIUS, the name of the physician who
admiral in the Peloponnesian war, was sent out in examined the body of Julius Caesar after his
B. C. 412, in command of a squadron, to the coast murder, B. C. 44; and who is said by Suetonius
of Asia Minor, and was to have succeeded Astya (Jul. Caes. 82) to have declared, that out of all
chus, in case the Spartan commissioners thought it his wounds only one was mortal, namely, that which
necessary to deprive that officer of his command. he had received in the breast. (W. A. G. )
(Thuc. viii. 39. ) We hear of him again in B. C. ANTIS'TIUS ('Avrlotios), a writer of Greek
399, when, with two other commissioners, he was EPIGRAMS, though, as his name seems to indicate,
sent out to inspect the state of affairs in Asia, and a Roman by birth. Respecting his life and his
announce to Dercyllidas that his command was to age nothing is known, but we possess three of his
be prolonged for another year. (Xen. Hellen. iii. 2. epigrams in the Greek Anthology. (Jacobs, ad
$ 6. ) There was also an Athenian general of this Anthol. Gr. xiii. p. 852. )
(L. S. )
name. (Mem. ii. 4. § 1. )
(C. P. M. ) ANTI'STIUS SOSIA'NUS. [Sosianus. ]
ANTI'STIA. l. Wife of Ap. Claudius, Cos. SP. ANTIUS, a Roman ambassador, was sent
B. C. 143, and mother-in-law of Tib. Gracchus. | with three others to Lar Tolumnius, the king of
(Plut. Tib. Gracch. 4. )
the Veientes, in B. C. 438, by whom he was killed.
2. Daughter of P. Antistius (ANTISTIUS, No. 6] Statues of all four were placed on the Rostra.
and Calpurnia, was married Pompeius Magnus (Liv, iv. 16; Cic. Phil. ix. 2. ) In iny (H. N.
in B. c. 86, who contracted the connexion that he xxxiv. 6. s. 11) the reading is Sp. Nautius, which
might obtain a favourable judgment from Antistius, ought, however, to be changed into Antius. (Comp.
who presided in the court in which Pompeius was Drakenborch, ad Liv. I. c. )
to be tried. Antistia was divorced by her husband ANTOʻNIA. 1. A daughter of Antonius the
in B. C. 82 by Sulla's order, who made him marry orator, Cos. B. C. 99 (ANTONIUS, No. 8), was
his step-danghter Aemilia (Plut. Pomp. 4, 9. ) seized in Italy itself by the pirates over whom her
ANTI'STIA GENS, on coins and inscriptions father triumphed, and obtained her liberation only
usually ANTEÄSTIA, plebeian. (Liv. vi. 30. ) In on payment of a large sum. (Plut. Pomp. 24. ]
the earlier ages of the republic, none of the mem- 2. 3. The two daughters of C. Antonius, Cos.
bers of the gens appear with any surname, and B. C. 63, of whom one was married to C. Caninius
even in later times they are sometimes mentioned Gallus (Val. Max. iv. 2. & 6), and the other to her
without one. The surnames under the republic first cousin, M. Antonius, the triumvir. The latter
are LABEO, REGINUS, and Vetus: those who had was divorced by her husband in 47, on the ground
no surname are given under ANTISTIUS. No per- of an alleged intrigue between her and Dolabella.
sons of this name are of great historical importance. (Cic. Phil. ii. 38; Plut. Ant. 9. )
ANTI'STIUS. 1. Sex. ANTISTIUS, tribune of 4. Daughter of M. Antonius, the triumvir, and
the plebs, B. C. 422. (Liv. iv. 42. )
his second wife Antonia, was betrothed to the son
2. L. ANTISTIUS, consular tribune, B. C. 379. of M. Lepidus in B. C. 44, and married to him in
(Liv. vi 30. )
36. (Dion Cass. xliv. 53; Appian, B. C. v. 93. )
3.
