Ci-
menus and brother of Clymenus and Amphidicus cero (de Nat.
menus and brother of Clymenus and Amphidicus cero (de Nat.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
xii.
1 ; putants in Ionia.
Aspasius was also secretary to
Xen. Anab. i. 10. § 2. ) When Dareius, son of the emperor, but his letters were censured by his
Artaxerxes, was appointed successor to the throne, opponent Pausanias, for their declamatory character
he asked his father to surrender Aspasia to him. and their want of precision and clearness. He is
The request, it seems, could not be refused, as said to have written several orations, which, how-
coming from the king elect; Artaxerxes, therefore, ever, are now Jost. They are praised for their
gave her up, on finding that she herself consented simplicity and originality, and for the absence of
to the transfer ; but he soon after took her away all pompous affectation in them. (Philostr. Vit.
again, and made her priestess of a temple at Ecba- Soph. ii. 33; Eudoc. p. 66; Suidas, s. v. 'Aotá-
tana, where strict celibacy was requisite; and this oios. )
gave rise to that conspiracy of Dareius against his 4. Of Tyra, a Greek rhetorician and historian
father, which was detected, and cost him his life. of uncertain date, who, according to Suidas (s. v.
(Plut. Artax. 27–29; Just. X. 2. ) Her name is 'Aondolos), wrote history of Epeirus and of
said to have been “Milto," till Cyrus called her things remarkable in that country, in twenty books,
“Aspasia" after the mistress of Pericles (Plut. theoretical works on rhetoric, and some others.
Peric. 24; Athen. xiii. p. 576, d. ); but “Milto" | (Comp. Eudoc. p. 66. )
(L. S. )
itself seems to have been a name expressive of the ASPA'THINES ('Aonalivns), one of the seven
beauty of her complexion. (Ael. V. H. xii. 1, Persian chiefs, who conspired against the Magi.
where we are favoured with a minute description He was wounded in the thigh, when the latter
of her appearance. )
(E. E. ) were put to death. (Herod. iii. 70, &c. 78. ) He
ASPASIUS ('Aordoios). 1. Of BYBLUS, a was the father of Praxaspes. (vii. 97. )
Greek sophist, who according to Suidas (s. v. 'Ao- ASPER, AEMILIUS, a Roman grammarian,
rádios) was a contemporary of the sophists Adri- who wrote commentaries on Terence (Schopen, de
anus and Aristeides, and who consequently lived Terentio et Donato, gc. p. 32, Bonn, 1821) and
in the reign of M. Antoninus and Commodus, Virgil. (Macrob. iii. 5; Heyne's account of the
about A. p. 180. He is mentioned among the ancient Commentators on Virgil
, prefixed to his
commentators on Demosthenes and Aeschines; and edition of Virgil. ) Asper is also quoted in the
Suidas ascribes to him a work on Byblus, medita- Scholia on Virgil, discovered by A. Mai. (Virgil.
tions, theoretical works on rhetoric, declamations, Interp. Vet. Mediol. 1818. ) This Asper must be
an encomium on the emperor Hadrian, and some distinguished from another grammarian of the
other writings. All these are lost with the ex- same name, usually called Asper Junior, but who
ception of a few extracts from his commentaries. | is equally unknown. The latter is the author of
(Ulpian, ad Demosth. Leptin. p. 11; Phot. Bibl. a small work entitled “ Ars Grammatica," which
p. 492, an, ed. Bekk. ; Schol
. ad Hermog. p. 260, has been printed in the collections of Grammatici
&c. ; Schol. ad Aeschin. c. Tim. p. 105. )
Illustres XII. , Paris, 1516; Tres Artis Grammat.
2. A PERIPATETIc philosopher, who seems to Authores, Lips. 1527 ; Grammat. Lat. Auctores, by
have lived during the latter balf of the first cen- Putschius, Hanov. 1605; Corpus Grammat. Lat.
tury after Christ, since Galen (vol. vi. p. 532, ed. by Lindemann, vol. i. Lips. 1831.
Paris), who lived under the Antonines, states, ASPER, JUʻLIUS, had been raised to the
that he heard one of the pupils of Aspasius. Boe- consulship, as had also his sons, by Caracalla, but
thius, who frequently refers to his works, says
was afterwards, without any apparent cause, de-
that Aspasius wrote commentaries on most of the prived of all his honours, and driven out of Rome
works of Aristotle. The following commentaries by the same emperor, A. D. 212. (Dion Cass.
are expressly mentioned : on De Interpretatione, lxxvii. 5. ) We learn from an inscription (ap.
the Physica, Metaphysica, Categoriae, and the Fabrett. p. 494), that the consuls in A. D. 212
Nicomachean Ethics. A portion of the commen- were both of the name of Julius Asper. Either
tary on the last-mentioned work of Aristotle (viz. the father or one of his sons was appointed go-
on books 1, 2, 4, 7, and 8) are still extant, and vernor of Asia by Macrinus, but was deprived of
were first printed by Aldus Manutius, in his col- this dignity on his journey to the province, on ac-
lection of the Greek commentators on the Nico- count of some incautious words which offended the
machean Ethics. (Venice, 1536, fol. ) A Latin emperor. It is usually stated, on the authority of
translation by J. B. Felicianus appeared at Venice Dion Cassius, that Asper was killed by Elagabalus ;
in 1541, and has often been reprinted. From Por- but Dion Cassius does not say this. (Dion Cass.
phyrius, who also states that Aspasius wrote com Lxxviii. 22, Ixxix. 4. )
mentaries on Plato, we learn that his commentaries ASPER, SULPICIUS, a centurion, cne of the
on Aristotle were used in the school of Plotinus. conspirators against Nero, A. D. 66, met his faie
(Fabric. Bibl. Graec. iii. p. 264, &c. ; Buhle, Aristot. with great firmness, when he was put to death
Op. i. p. 296. )
after the detection of the conspiracy. (Tac. Ann.
3. Of RAVENNA, a distinguished sophist and xv. 49, 50, 68; Dion Cass. Ixii. 24. )
rhetorician, who lived about A. D. 225, in the ASPHALIUS or ASPHALEIUS ('Aodálos
reign of Alexander Severus. He was educated by or 'Aoqanetos), a surname of Poseidon, under
his father Demetrianus, who was himself a skilful which he was worshipped in several towns of
rhetorician ; afterwards he was also a pupil of Greece. It describes him as the god who granis
2 c 2
## p. 388 (#408) ############################################
388
ASTACUS.
ASTERIUS.
a
safety to ports and to navigation in general. ASTARTE. [APHRODITE and Syria DBA. ]
(Strab. i. p. 57; Paus. vii. 21. $ 3; Plut. Thics. ASTERIA ('Astepla), a daughter of the Titan
36 ; Suid. s. v. )
(L. S. ) Cocus (according to lygin. Ful. Pref. of Polus)
ASPLE’DON ('Aotanduv), a son of Poseidon and Phoebe. She was the sister of Leto, and, ac-
and the nymph Mideia (Chersias, ap. Paus. ix. 38. cording to Hesiod (Theog. 409), the wife of Perses,
$ 6); according to others, he was a son of Orcho by whom she became the mother of Hecite.
Ci-
menus and brother of Clymenus and Amphidicus cero (de Nat. Deor. ii. 16) makes her the mother
(Steph. Byz. s. v. 'AonAndwv), or a son of Presbon of the fourth Heracles by Zeus. But according to
and Sterope. (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 272. ) He the genuine and more general tradition, she was
was regarded as the founder of Aspledon, an an- an inhabitant of Olympus, and beloved by Zeus.
cient town of the Minyans in Boeotia. (L. S. ] In order to escape from his embraces, she got me-
ASPRENAS, a surname of the Nonii, a con- tamorphosed into a quail (optub), threw herself into
sular family under the early emperors. (Comp. the sea, and was here metamorphosed into the
Plin. 11. N. xxx. 20. ) 1. C. NONIUS Aspresas, island Asteria (the island which had fallen from
was a performer in the Trojae lusus under Augus- heaven like a star), or Ortygin, afterwards called
tus, and in consequence of an injury which he sug- Delos. (Apollod. i. 2. $ 2, 4. $ 1; Athen. ix. p.
tained from a fall in the game, he received a golden 392 ; Hygin. Fub. 53; Callimach. Hymn. in Del.
chain from Augustus, and was allowed to assume 37; Serv. ad Aen. iii. 73. ) There are several other
the surname of Torquatus, both for himself and his mythical personages of this name, -one a daughter
posterity. (Suet. Oct. 43. )
of Alcyoneus (ALCYONIDES); a second, one of the
2. L. Asprenas, a legate under his maternal Danaids (Apollod. q. 1. $ 5); a third, a daughter of
uncle, Varus, a. D. 10, preserved the Roman army Atlas (Hygin. Fub. 250, where, perhaps, Asterope
from total destruction after the death of Varus. is to be read); and a fourth, a daughter of Hydis,
(Dion Cass. lvi. 22; Vell. Pat. ii. 120. ) He is who became by Bellerophontes the mother of Hy-
probably the same as the L. Nonius Asprenas who dissus, the founder of Hydissus in Caria. (Steph.
was consul A. D. 6, and as the L. Asprenas men- Byz. s. v. 'Tdogós. )
(L. S. )
tioned by Tacitus, who was proconsul of Africa at ASTE’RION or ASTEʻRIUS ('Aoteplov or
the death of Augustus, A. D. 14, and who, accord- | 'Aotépios). 1. A son of Teutamus, and king of
ing to some accounts, sent soldiers, at the command the Cretans, who married Europa after she had
of Tiberius, to kill Sempronius Gracchus. (Tac been carried to Crete by Zeus. He also brought
Ann. i. 53. ) He is mentioned again by Tacitus, up the three sons, Minos, Sarpedon, and Rhada-
under A. D. 20. (Ann. iii. 18. )
manthys whom she had by the father of the gods,
3. P. Nonius ASPRENAS, consul, A. D. 38. (Apollod. ii. 1. $ 2, &c. ; Diod. iv. 60. )
(Dion Cass. lix. 9; Frontinus, de Aquaeduct. c. 13. ) 2. A son of Cometes, Pyremus, or Priscus, by
4. I. . Nonius Aspreras and P. Nonius As Antigone, the daughter of Pheres. He is men-
PRENAS are two orators frequently introduced as tioned as one of the Argonauts. (Apollon. Rhod.
speakers in the Controversiae (1-4, 8, 10, 11, &c. ) i. 35; Paus. v. 17. $ 4; Hygin. Fab. 14; Valer.
of M. Seneca.
Flacc. i. 355. ) There are two more mythical per-
ASPRENAS, CALPU'RNIUS, appointed go- sonages of this name, one a river-god (ACRALA),
vernor of Galatia and Pamphylia by Galba, a. D. and the second a son of Minos, who was slain by
70, induced the partisans of the counterfeit Nero Theseus. (Paus. ii. 31. $ 1. )
[L. S. )
to put him to death. (Tac. Hist. ii. 9. )
ASTERION ('Artepiww), a statuary, the son of
ASSAON. (N10BE. ]
a man named Aeschylus. Pausanias (vi. 3. $ 1)
ASSALECTUS, a Roman sculptor, whose name mentions a statue oi Chaereas, a Sicyonian pugilist,
is found upon an extant statue of Aesculapius by which was of his workmanship. (C. P. M. ]
him, of the merit of which Winckelmann (Gesch. d. ASTE’RIUS ('Artépios), a son of Anax and
K. viii. 4. & 5) speaks slightingly. [C. P. M. ] grandson of Ge. According to a Milesian legend,
ASSARACUS ('Aooápakos), a son of Tros he was buried in the small island of Lade, and
and Calirrhoë, the daughter of Scamander. He his body measured ten cubits in length. (Paus.
was king of Troy, and busband of Hieromneme, by i. 35. § 5, vii. 2. $ 3. ) There are four other my-
whom he became the father of Capys, the father of thical personages of this name, who are mentioned
Anchises. (Hom. Il. xx. 232, &c. ; Apollod. iii. in the following passages : Apollod. ii. 1. $ 4;
12. $ 2; Serv. ad Virg. Georg. iii. 35 ; Aen. viii. Apollon. Rhod. i. 176; Apollod. i. 9. $ 9; Hygin.
130. )
[L. S. ) Fab. 170.
[L. S.
Xen. Anab. i. 10. § 2. ) When Dareius, son of the emperor, but his letters were censured by his
Artaxerxes, was appointed successor to the throne, opponent Pausanias, for their declamatory character
he asked his father to surrender Aspasia to him. and their want of precision and clearness. He is
The request, it seems, could not be refused, as said to have written several orations, which, how-
coming from the king elect; Artaxerxes, therefore, ever, are now Jost. They are praised for their
gave her up, on finding that she herself consented simplicity and originality, and for the absence of
to the transfer ; but he soon after took her away all pompous affectation in them. (Philostr. Vit.
again, and made her priestess of a temple at Ecba- Soph. ii. 33; Eudoc. p. 66; Suidas, s. v. 'Aotá-
tana, where strict celibacy was requisite; and this oios. )
gave rise to that conspiracy of Dareius against his 4. Of Tyra, a Greek rhetorician and historian
father, which was detected, and cost him his life. of uncertain date, who, according to Suidas (s. v.
(Plut. Artax. 27–29; Just. X. 2. ) Her name is 'Aondolos), wrote history of Epeirus and of
said to have been “Milto," till Cyrus called her things remarkable in that country, in twenty books,
“Aspasia" after the mistress of Pericles (Plut. theoretical works on rhetoric, and some others.
Peric. 24; Athen. xiii. p. 576, d. ); but “Milto" | (Comp. Eudoc. p. 66. )
(L. S. )
itself seems to have been a name expressive of the ASPA'THINES ('Aonalivns), one of the seven
beauty of her complexion. (Ael. V. H. xii. 1, Persian chiefs, who conspired against the Magi.
where we are favoured with a minute description He was wounded in the thigh, when the latter
of her appearance. )
(E. E. ) were put to death. (Herod. iii. 70, &c. 78. ) He
ASPASIUS ('Aordoios). 1. Of BYBLUS, a was the father of Praxaspes. (vii. 97. )
Greek sophist, who according to Suidas (s. v. 'Ao- ASPER, AEMILIUS, a Roman grammarian,
rádios) was a contemporary of the sophists Adri- who wrote commentaries on Terence (Schopen, de
anus and Aristeides, and who consequently lived Terentio et Donato, gc. p. 32, Bonn, 1821) and
in the reign of M. Antoninus and Commodus, Virgil. (Macrob. iii. 5; Heyne's account of the
about A. p. 180. He is mentioned among the ancient Commentators on Virgil
, prefixed to his
commentators on Demosthenes and Aeschines; and edition of Virgil. ) Asper is also quoted in the
Suidas ascribes to him a work on Byblus, medita- Scholia on Virgil, discovered by A. Mai. (Virgil.
tions, theoretical works on rhetoric, declamations, Interp. Vet. Mediol. 1818. ) This Asper must be
an encomium on the emperor Hadrian, and some distinguished from another grammarian of the
other writings. All these are lost with the ex- same name, usually called Asper Junior, but who
ception of a few extracts from his commentaries. | is equally unknown. The latter is the author of
(Ulpian, ad Demosth. Leptin. p. 11; Phot. Bibl. a small work entitled “ Ars Grammatica," which
p. 492, an, ed. Bekk. ; Schol
. ad Hermog. p. 260, has been printed in the collections of Grammatici
&c. ; Schol. ad Aeschin. c. Tim. p. 105. )
Illustres XII. , Paris, 1516; Tres Artis Grammat.
2. A PERIPATETIc philosopher, who seems to Authores, Lips. 1527 ; Grammat. Lat. Auctores, by
have lived during the latter balf of the first cen- Putschius, Hanov. 1605; Corpus Grammat. Lat.
tury after Christ, since Galen (vol. vi. p. 532, ed. by Lindemann, vol. i. Lips. 1831.
Paris), who lived under the Antonines, states, ASPER, JUʻLIUS, had been raised to the
that he heard one of the pupils of Aspasius. Boe- consulship, as had also his sons, by Caracalla, but
thius, who frequently refers to his works, says
was afterwards, without any apparent cause, de-
that Aspasius wrote commentaries on most of the prived of all his honours, and driven out of Rome
works of Aristotle. The following commentaries by the same emperor, A. D. 212. (Dion Cass.
are expressly mentioned : on De Interpretatione, lxxvii. 5. ) We learn from an inscription (ap.
the Physica, Metaphysica, Categoriae, and the Fabrett. p. 494), that the consuls in A. D. 212
Nicomachean Ethics. A portion of the commen- were both of the name of Julius Asper. Either
tary on the last-mentioned work of Aristotle (viz. the father or one of his sons was appointed go-
on books 1, 2, 4, 7, and 8) are still extant, and vernor of Asia by Macrinus, but was deprived of
were first printed by Aldus Manutius, in his col- this dignity on his journey to the province, on ac-
lection of the Greek commentators on the Nico- count of some incautious words which offended the
machean Ethics. (Venice, 1536, fol. ) A Latin emperor. It is usually stated, on the authority of
translation by J. B. Felicianus appeared at Venice Dion Cassius, that Asper was killed by Elagabalus ;
in 1541, and has often been reprinted. From Por- but Dion Cassius does not say this. (Dion Cass.
phyrius, who also states that Aspasius wrote com Lxxviii. 22, Ixxix. 4. )
mentaries on Plato, we learn that his commentaries ASPER, SULPICIUS, a centurion, cne of the
on Aristotle were used in the school of Plotinus. conspirators against Nero, A. D. 66, met his faie
(Fabric. Bibl. Graec. iii. p. 264, &c. ; Buhle, Aristot. with great firmness, when he was put to death
Op. i. p. 296. )
after the detection of the conspiracy. (Tac. Ann.
3. Of RAVENNA, a distinguished sophist and xv. 49, 50, 68; Dion Cass. Ixii. 24. )
rhetorician, who lived about A. D. 225, in the ASPHALIUS or ASPHALEIUS ('Aodálos
reign of Alexander Severus. He was educated by or 'Aoqanetos), a surname of Poseidon, under
his father Demetrianus, who was himself a skilful which he was worshipped in several towns of
rhetorician ; afterwards he was also a pupil of Greece. It describes him as the god who granis
2 c 2
## p. 388 (#408) ############################################
388
ASTACUS.
ASTERIUS.
a
safety to ports and to navigation in general. ASTARTE. [APHRODITE and Syria DBA. ]
(Strab. i. p. 57; Paus. vii. 21. $ 3; Plut. Thics. ASTERIA ('Astepla), a daughter of the Titan
36 ; Suid. s. v. )
(L. S. ) Cocus (according to lygin. Ful. Pref. of Polus)
ASPLE’DON ('Aotanduv), a son of Poseidon and Phoebe. She was the sister of Leto, and, ac-
and the nymph Mideia (Chersias, ap. Paus. ix. 38. cording to Hesiod (Theog. 409), the wife of Perses,
$ 6); according to others, he was a son of Orcho by whom she became the mother of Hecite.
Ci-
menus and brother of Clymenus and Amphidicus cero (de Nat. Deor. ii. 16) makes her the mother
(Steph. Byz. s. v. 'AonAndwv), or a son of Presbon of the fourth Heracles by Zeus. But according to
and Sterope. (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 272. ) He the genuine and more general tradition, she was
was regarded as the founder of Aspledon, an an- an inhabitant of Olympus, and beloved by Zeus.
cient town of the Minyans in Boeotia. (L. S. ] In order to escape from his embraces, she got me-
ASPRENAS, a surname of the Nonii, a con- tamorphosed into a quail (optub), threw herself into
sular family under the early emperors. (Comp. the sea, and was here metamorphosed into the
Plin. 11. N. xxx. 20. ) 1. C. NONIUS Aspresas, island Asteria (the island which had fallen from
was a performer in the Trojae lusus under Augus- heaven like a star), or Ortygin, afterwards called
tus, and in consequence of an injury which he sug- Delos. (Apollod. i. 2. $ 2, 4. $ 1; Athen. ix. p.
tained from a fall in the game, he received a golden 392 ; Hygin. Fub. 53; Callimach. Hymn. in Del.
chain from Augustus, and was allowed to assume 37; Serv. ad Aen. iii. 73. ) There are several other
the surname of Torquatus, both for himself and his mythical personages of this name, -one a daughter
posterity. (Suet. Oct. 43. )
of Alcyoneus (ALCYONIDES); a second, one of the
2. L. Asprenas, a legate under his maternal Danaids (Apollod. q. 1. $ 5); a third, a daughter of
uncle, Varus, a. D. 10, preserved the Roman army Atlas (Hygin. Fub. 250, where, perhaps, Asterope
from total destruction after the death of Varus. is to be read); and a fourth, a daughter of Hydis,
(Dion Cass. lvi. 22; Vell. Pat. ii. 120. ) He is who became by Bellerophontes the mother of Hy-
probably the same as the L. Nonius Asprenas who dissus, the founder of Hydissus in Caria. (Steph.
was consul A. D. 6, and as the L. Asprenas men- Byz. s. v. 'Tdogós. )
(L. S. )
tioned by Tacitus, who was proconsul of Africa at ASTE’RION or ASTEʻRIUS ('Aoteplov or
the death of Augustus, A. D. 14, and who, accord- | 'Aotépios). 1. A son of Teutamus, and king of
ing to some accounts, sent soldiers, at the command the Cretans, who married Europa after she had
of Tiberius, to kill Sempronius Gracchus. (Tac been carried to Crete by Zeus. He also brought
Ann. i. 53. ) He is mentioned again by Tacitus, up the three sons, Minos, Sarpedon, and Rhada-
under A. D. 20. (Ann. iii. 18. )
manthys whom she had by the father of the gods,
3. P. Nonius ASPRENAS, consul, A. D. 38. (Apollod. ii. 1. $ 2, &c. ; Diod. iv. 60. )
(Dion Cass. lix. 9; Frontinus, de Aquaeduct. c. 13. ) 2. A son of Cometes, Pyremus, or Priscus, by
4. I. . Nonius Aspreras and P. Nonius As Antigone, the daughter of Pheres. He is men-
PRENAS are two orators frequently introduced as tioned as one of the Argonauts. (Apollon. Rhod.
speakers in the Controversiae (1-4, 8, 10, 11, &c. ) i. 35; Paus. v. 17. $ 4; Hygin. Fab. 14; Valer.
of M. Seneca.
Flacc. i. 355. ) There are two more mythical per-
ASPRENAS, CALPU'RNIUS, appointed go- sonages of this name, one a river-god (ACRALA),
vernor of Galatia and Pamphylia by Galba, a. D. and the second a son of Minos, who was slain by
70, induced the partisans of the counterfeit Nero Theseus. (Paus. ii. 31. $ 1. )
[L. S. )
to put him to death. (Tac. Hist. ii. 9. )
ASTERION ('Artepiww), a statuary, the son of
ASSAON. (N10BE. ]
a man named Aeschylus. Pausanias (vi. 3. $ 1)
ASSALECTUS, a Roman sculptor, whose name mentions a statue oi Chaereas, a Sicyonian pugilist,
is found upon an extant statue of Aesculapius by which was of his workmanship. (C. P. M. ]
him, of the merit of which Winckelmann (Gesch. d. ASTE’RIUS ('Artépios), a son of Anax and
K. viii. 4. & 5) speaks slightingly. [C. P. M. ] grandson of Ge. According to a Milesian legend,
ASSARACUS ('Aooápakos), a son of Tros he was buried in the small island of Lade, and
and Calirrhoë, the daughter of Scamander. He his body measured ten cubits in length. (Paus.
was king of Troy, and busband of Hieromneme, by i. 35. § 5, vii. 2. $ 3. ) There are four other my-
whom he became the father of Capys, the father of thical personages of this name, who are mentioned
Anchises. (Hom. Il. xx. 232, &c. ; Apollod. iii. in the following passages : Apollod. ii. 1. $ 4;
12. $ 2; Serv. ad Virg. Georg. iii. 35 ; Aen. viii. Apollon. Rhod. i. 176; Apollod. i. 9. $ 9; Hygin.
130. )
[L. S. ) Fab. 170.
[L. S.
