598 It take> name from the
district
in which druidical.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v6
544 Not alone the ignorant villagers, but well-dressed tourists,
have been known to chip off fragments of richly-traced tombs, and even
the carved heads of 5 * 5 however, the Duke of who is owner of figures ; Argyll,
theIsland,hassinceinterferedtopreservetheruinsandmonuments. The
old cemeteries of Iona, are, the Reilig Odhrain, or burial-ground of Odhran,546 the most ancient place of Christian sepulture on the Island ; the cathedral enclosure 5*7 Cladh Ronain,548 or the burial-ground of Ronan ;
;
Kilchainnich,S49 now disused ; Cill-ma-Gobhannain,55° also called Cill-ma-
Neachdain ;55i Cladh-an-Diseart S52 or burial-ground of the Desert 5 " Cladh- ;
that a journeyman blacksmith from the Island of Mull had removed thither a slab, which marked the resting place of four Priors, and it was held by archaeologists to have been the finest specimen of Celtic work in the cemetery.
distance to the north-east of the cathedral,
and in the low ground near the water's
edge.
553 Near it on the south is Port-an-Diseart,
or Port of the Desert.
554 This is near the Free Church, at
of the Druids sss Cladh-na-Meirghe;556
nan-Druineach554 or
and a nameless cemetery,547 at Culbhuirg, on the north-west side of the Island.
It is said, that formerly, there were no less than 360 crosses to be seen on
this Island, which were all destroyed by a provincial assembly, held on the place a little after the Reformation, and that their foundations were to be seen so late as i693. S58 Sacheverell,559 as cited by Pennant,56° states, that " the synod ordered 60 crosses to be thrown into the sea. " It is alleged, likewise, that numbers of them were carried away to different parts of western Scotland, and among these were the two beautiful crosses of Inverary and of Campbeltown. These statements have been called in question by later writers, and among: them are Mr. David Lainsj 561 and the Rev. Dr. William
Scotland in Edinburgh, relating his experi- ss* It is sometimes called Cladh Iain, or ences of a recent visit to Iona. lie found John's Burial-ground. It is situated some
burial-ground ;
S45 It is said, that the stewards of two Martyr's Bay. It was an oblong enclosure, yachts, lying in the Sound of Mull, had bounded by a stone dyke, in the time of
landed at nightfall, and they deliberately smashed the beautiful figure of M'Lean of Ross on his tombstone ; and this was done in revenge, because they were refused per- mission to see the cathedral on a Sunday. See The Daily Telegraph of December 19th,
1870.
s*s His festival has been assigned to the
27th of October, where notices of him may be found.
S4? On the south of it are two tombstones and other sepulchral remains.
548 This cemetery is attached to the church
within the nunnery precincts.
549 Some tombstones yet mark its site.
S5° This is a small, unenclosed, triangular space. It lies at the northern extremity of an old green bank, north of the cathedral. Here murderers and children that died be- fore baptism are said to have been buried.
of the Western
551 Bishop Pocock stated, that here he had seen two stones, each seven feet in height, with a third laid across their tops, and that it was evidently a Cromlech. See Pennant's " Tour in Scotland, and Voyage
Pennant, who alludes to it in his " Tour in Scotland, and Voyage to the Hebrides," vol. iii. , p. 245.
555 In the last century, a cottager who was planting potatoes here unearthed human re- mains, which the islanders immediately con- cluded to be the bones of the Druids. See " Old Statistical Account of Scotland," vol. xiv. , p. 199.
556 This is at Cnoc-na-Meirghe, at the
head of Gleann-an-Teampull, where un- baptized children used to be buried.
557 This was only exposed in the present century, and no tradition of it remained. In it, layers of bones were found mixed with charcoal.
See Martin's "
559 He lived in 168S. In the " Transac- "
Description Isles of Scotland," p. 258.
tions of the Camden Society," his Voyage to Icolmbkill "has been published.
to the vol. Hebrides,"
iii. , p. 258.
560 See his "Tour in Scotland, and Voyage to the Hebrides,'' vol. iii. , p. 251.
501 See a letter by David Laing, Esq. ,
F. S. A. . Scotland, to the Hon. Lord Murray,
1 ' On the state of the Ruins of Iona present
558 Such is the statement of an anonymous writer, who wrote in that year. See u New Statistical Account of Scotland," vol. vii. , part ii. , p. 314.
June 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 57i
Reeves. 563 However, there can be no doubt, but that a pillage of Iona's crosses went on for generations back j and in the adjacent Islands, numbers of different shapes and sizes have been erected to mark as head-stones the gravesofthehumbleandundistinguishedpersonsthereinterred. 563 Ofthose crosses remaining, are to be seen St. Martin's cross,56* opposite the west door of the cathedral,565 Maclean's cross,566 St. John's cross,'& St. Matthew's cross,568 St. Adamnan's cross,569 St. Brandon's cross,570 that of Torr Abb,5? 1 and those crosses, that are traditionally known to have been at a spot on the left of that walk running northwards from the cathedral, and yet called Na Crossan Mor, or the " Great Crosses. " Besides the above-named, some fragments of others serve as tombstones in Relig Odhrain. 572
Other antiquities on Iona are the Cobhan Cuildich,5" interpreted the Culdee's Cell or Couch, which stood in a hollow between Dunii and Dun-
574 '* foundations " or " ruins 575 Dun- meaning ;
the
bhuirg,5? 6 a well-defined, abrupt, rocky eminence in the north-western part of the Island; Garadh-Eachain Oig,577 or "Garden of young Hector;""8
bhuirg ;
Laithrichean,
and their preservation. " This was written
in 1854, and it may be found, in " Proceed-
ings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scot- land," vol. ii. , pp. 7 to 12.
562 See Adamnan's " Life of St. Columba," Additional Note? P, p. 420.
563 This information the writer is enabled
to communicate, on the authority of Rev. Dr. J. F. S. Gordon, the learned Scottish eccle- siastical historian and author of the " Scoti- chronicon," as also of other admirable his- torical and antiquarian works, who has affirmed the facts stated in the text, in a letter from 8 Stonefield Terrace, Glasgow, and dated Feast of the Holy Trinity,
1888.
564 This is a noble monument, fourteen
feet in height. Martin has described it, in
570 This stood a little way east of the Free Church Manse, near Tobar Orain, but no trace of it now remains.
571 Opposite the west entrance to the cathedral, and on the top of this eminence, the socket of a cross is said to have been ob- served.
572 Mr. Huband Smith, when he visited
Iona, was unable to discover the remains of
more than fifteen or twenty crosses. See
"
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," vol. vi. , p. 392.
his " of the Western Isles of a walk ascends to a small hillock. The Description
Scotland," p. 259. It is drawn in Graham's
"
Antiquities of Iona," plate 39, represent- ing the east face.
foundation is not quite circular, but it mea- sures about 16 by 14 feet.
574 A small bay, lying west of Port-a- churraich derives its name, Port Laith- richean, from several circular foundations of very ancient buildings scattered over it. That sequestered spot forms a beautiful re- cess, enclosed by high rock all round, and only open to the sea. There, the inclina- tion of the ground towards the water is re- medied by an artificial terrace, made across
"
563 Pennant has an account of it, in his Tour in Scotland, and Voyage to the He-
brides," vol. iii. , p. 254.
566 This is on the way-side, proceeding from the nunnery towards the cathedral.
The shaft is 10 feet, 4 inches, in height, but
the name is thought to be a vulgar mis-
nomer. There is a drawing of it, in Gra-
ham's " of the mouth of the little and the Antiquities Iona," plate 43. bay, bringing
567 It stood in the cathedral ground, north of St. Martin's cross. It appears to be of ancient date, and it is formed of one stone, nearly eight feet high and twenty inches broad. It is "set on a pedestal of granite. " —" New Statistical Account of Scotland," vol. vii. , part ii. , p. 335. Only a portion of this cross remains, of which Graham gives
level of the floor to an elevation of seventy or eighty feet over the sea. The circular en- closures spoken of rise over the sward.
575 These are thought to be traces of by far
the oldest buildings on Iona. One of those
circles is thirty yards in circumference, and another is thirteen.
576 On the top are the traces of a wall, en- closingthesummit. This,oneoftheCeltic duns, gives denomination to the hill.
577 Here in a valley are vestiges of numer- ous little buildings, apparently very ancient. They are found especially on the east side, near the stream which runs down from Loch Staonaig.
a drawing, in his plate 40.
"
Antiquities of Iona,"
568 There is only a fragments of this, in the same enclosure.
569 This no longer exists, but a spot at the north end of the village bears such a name, and opposite to Port a Chrossain.
"
573 It is spelled Cothan Cuildich, in the
Old Statistical Account of Scotland," vol. xiv. , p. 200. It is said to have been the foundation of a small circular house upon a declining plain. Only faint vestiges of it now remain, and from the door of the house
572 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 9.
the Teach an
andBarn,581 near the cathedral. 582
Epscoip,579
or " House 58° as ais0 tbe sites of the Mill Bishop's ;
The other features of most interest on the Island are as follows : a green
embankment,583 called the Bishop's walk,58* north of the cathedral, and close
to the Lochan Mor,585 on the east 586 the Cnoc-na-n Aingel s8? or Angel's ;
Hill, 588 but more commonly called at present Sithean Mor, 58 ? or the Great
Fairy Mount 59° the Port-an-Churaich,5? 1 or " Port of the Currach ;"592 the ;
EalaMound,5^oppositethecentreofMartyr'sBay; theTorrAbb,5? 4orthe
"Abbot's turret 595 while at Port-a-curach, on the western side, where the ;
shore is covered with small boulders,5^6 are several cairns formed of these
stones, which are either for penitential stations or for sepulchral mounds, but most probably for the former purpose. The two chief lakes on the Island were the Lochan Mor w—now dried up—and the Loch Staonaig 5? 8 towards
s? 8 It is said to take name from Hector M'Lean, one of the Duairt family. It is situated near the head of Port-a-chuirraich. There, traces said to be of his house are shown.
Voyage to the Hebrides," vol. ii. , p. 258.
5 '° On the feast of St. Michael, the natives brought their horses thither, and coursed
around it.
591 This is on the south side of the Island,
579 This is a small ruinous building, and greatly exposed to the swell of the situated north-east of the cathedral. In western Atlantic billows, except in fine Sacheverell's time it was in good preserva- weather. Its name is derived from a long,
tion.
s80 It is mentioned in Pennant's " Tour
in Scotland, and a Voyage to the Hebrides,"
;
but on a place adjoining the gardens of the abbey, and surrounded by small hills, there
low, narrow mound, which runs across the bay at high water mark.
vol. ii. , p. 293. <i
581 There is no lake of any consequence
Columbus's Boat called Curich. " Description of the Western Isles of Scot-
" swan's mound," but why, they cannot tell. See Graham's "Antiquities oflona," p. 3. However, they appear to have been misled up, and where there are the marks of a by the sound, for the word really is
are vestiges of a large piece of artificial water, which has consisted of several acres, and been contrived both for pleasure and utility. At a place where it has been dammed
sluice, the ruins of a mill are still to be seen, which serve—d the inhabitants for grinding their corn. " "New Statistical Account of
Scotland," vol. vii. , part ii. , p. 317. "
eAlacpom, "a coffin. " Funeral parties on landing were formerly accustomed to lay the remains on this mound, while they thrice performed a deisiol, or right-wise circuit,
582 See Pennant's Tour in Scotland, round the spot.
and Voyage to the Hebribes," vol. iii. ,
p. 362.
583 This is evidently very ancient.
s8+ See Graham's "Antiquities oflona,"
p. 4.
s8s It may have been intended to confine
and deepen the waters of the lake, or it may
have been a portion of the vallum surround-
ingtheoriginalmonastery. Pennantstates "
594 This rocky eminence was opposite the west entrance to the cathedral and outside the enclosure. Martin seems to indicate, that it had been crowned with some artifi- cial stone-work, in the shape of a bastion, which was pretty high, and it was denomi- nated Dun Ni Manich, or Monk's Fort. " From the eminence the monks had a view of all the families in the Isle, an—d at the same
that the whole of their religious buildings time enjoy'd the free air. " "Descrip-
were covered on the north side by dykes. "
— " Tour in Scotland, and Voyage to the
tion of the Western Isles of Scotland,"
P- 259-
595 Ihe artificial part of it no longer
Hebrides," vol. iii. , p. 258.
5,6 It is sometimes called Iomaire-an- exists.
tachair, or Ridge of the Way. Tradition has
596 One of these heaps, about fifty feet in
it, that this causeway had been planted on length,
"
both sides.
s8? This has been Latinized " Colliculus
Angelorum," by Adamnan.
s88 It is a smooth green knoll, about 167
paces in circumference, at the base.
589 On the right hand on a small hill was a circle of stones, and a little cairn in the middle, supposed by Pennant, to have been
is represented by legendary gossip as a memorial and an exact model of St.
598 It take> name from the district in which druidical. See " Tour in Scotland, and it is situated.
preserve "
:
" The Dock which was
592 Martin states
dug out of Port Churich, is on the shoar, —to
land," p. 263.
593 Interpreted by the natives the
Columba's boat. "—"
Scotland," vol. ii. , Art. Iona, p. 140.
597 This was formerly a sheet of water, partly artificial, and covering an area about 400 yards by 200, lying between the mound and the base of Dunii. It is now drained.
Imperial
Gazetteer of
June 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 573 the south ; while the wells are Tobhar Odhrain, or Oran's well,5? ' Tobar
00Tobar 601 andTobarna 6°2 Maighe Lunge, h-Aois,
Cheathain/
" Well of the Age. " The—six districts into which Iona is divided have the
6°3 "
I. Ceann East Head. " II.
following Gaelic names
Slaibh Meanach,6°4 " Middle Mountain Land. " III. 60-' « Sliginach,
:
t-Sear, meaning
Ground. " IV. Machar,6°6 " the Plain. " V. Sliabh 60? "West Mountain Siar,
Land. " VI. 6°8 " Ground. "600 There are various sub- Staonaigh, Inclining
denominations of particular localities, in addition to the smaller satellite islets. These several places are admirably illustrated and noted on an accurate Map of Modern Hy, which accompanies the work o—f Rev. Dr. Reeves. 010
traditions — about St. Columb absurd and incredible many existing
So
thoughanumberofthembe stillprove, thathewasnoordinaryman,but one whose influence was felt, and whose life far transcended that of his con-
6" the social of the Ulster it was temporaries. Among popular usages Irish,
customary in drinking healths, to give expression to a kindly sentiment, said traditionally to have been addressed by Columba to his mother, in the first instance. 612 Subsequent to the death of our saint, the garments and books of the holy man were preserved as relics in his monastery of Hy, and on
occasions to obtain some those were there — on the special favour, exposed
altar. 6l 3 T—hose relics were even brought into the open fields probably in
61
procession to procure a change of temperature.
*
Among the memorials of St. Columba, that of the Great Cross, s which
he is said to have received from Pope St. Gregory, when he visited Rome,616 was held in devout veneration. It was preserved in the Island of Tory, early
599 This is a little east of the Free Church Manse.
600 It is near the cathedral, and it is cele- brated in Gaelic verse.
601 Or well of Magh-Lunga, in the northern
of Iona.
602 This is on the top of Dunii. See Rev.
Dr. J, F. S. Gordon's "Iona," pp. 431043. 6°3 This extends from the village to the northern extremity of the Island, and it em- braces all the ecclesiastical sites. It also comprises the low lands, lying between the sound and the hills from Dunii south-
wards.
604 It contains Dunii and the hills in the
middle of the northern half, terminating at
the south-west of Gleann-an-Tempull.
605 This is a small tract on the east side of
the Island and south of the village. It ter-
minates a little south of Tra-mor, while it
contains Martyr's Bay and its neighbourhood.
606
This is a well-marked tract, lying north-west of the last, and traversed by a cart road.
607 This is a narrow and rocky tract. It
runs across the Island south of the two last
divisions, and rising above them.
608 This tract contains the southern part of
Iona from Loch Staonaigh to the sea. A portion of it forms the south-western corner of the Island, and it is called Aonaidh-nan- sriith, or Cliff of the Streams. It suddenly dips from the level of the table-land above, while it is almost shut out from the rest of the
Island by a precipitous cliff, which runs southwards from Port-Beul-Mor to Port-
Aonaidh-nan-sruth. This denomination is
derived from fCAon, "oblique," and signify-
"a or "inclination. " ing bending,"
t09 It is so called because falling south- wards into various ravines, which are there formed.
610 See his edition of Adamnan's " Life of
St. Columba," Additional Notes P, pp. 413
part
to 433- 611
With truth has Longfellow sung
:
—
"The heights by great men reached and kept,
Were not attained by sudden flight ; But they, while their companions
slept,
Were toiling upward in the night. "
612 A Letter addressed by Denis A.
O'Leary, Kilbolane Cottage, Charleville, Co. Cork, and dated December 4th, 1887, gives the original Irish in the native charac- ters, and its English translation, thus : 5un feApp fin AmAfAd n-a a niATOm AnAe
Agur- 111 feApp fin ha 'p a meAfA. In English: "That we may be better to- morrow than we are to-day ; and if we are not better that we may not be worse. "
613 See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's "Life of St. Columba," lib. ii. , cap. 45, p. 176.
6'
4 See ibid. , cap. 44, pp. 174 to 176.
615 According to the Preface of the Altus Prosator, the Irish called it the fflopgemm, crGreatGem. SeetheteAbliAplmuiunor " Book of Hymns of the Ancient Church of Ireland," edited by Rev. Dr. James Hen-
interpreted
6l
Shelly
574 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAIN2S. [June 9.
61 ? This altar-cross is not now known to exist but, ;
in the sixteenth
from the description given, it appears to have been of wood, cased in metal,
century.
and adorned with bosses. 6' 8 The celebrated Cathach, or crystal
Prgeliator, was traditionally held to be that copy of the Gospels, which St. Columba
61 ? and without the consent of the
the great veneration in which it was formerly held, notwithstanding its total want of illumination, gives weight to the opinion, that it had been written by
transcribed from St. Finian's
Manuscript,
it is
the writing of the Manuscript be so old as the time of St. Columba; although
latter been obtained. having
Yet,
thought
to be 620 if very questionable,
him. The silver and ornamental
is a
very
in which it has been — case, long preserved
21 and, an Iri—
reliquary f inscription
attractive feature of this runningalongthreesidesoftheundersurfaceonthemargin indicates,that this more modern portion had been prepared in the eleventh or at least very early in the twelfth century, by Cathbarr O'Donnell, who died a. d. 1106. 622 For some centuries, it was in possession of the O'Donnells, and it appears to have accompanied them during their military expeditions. However, in 1497, when Con O'Donnell 623 led a hosting against the Mac Dermotts of Moylurg,
625
he was defeated at the battle of Bealach-buidhe,624 and Mac
the hereditary keeper of St. Columbkille's Cathach was slain. This vene- rated relic was then taken from the people of Tyrconnell ; but, two years afterwards it was restored. In the early part of the sixteenth century, it was stillthegreatreliquaryoftheTyrconallians; and,inthefollowingcentury,it continued to be in the custody of the Mac Robartaigh family. In the eigh- teenth century, Daniel the head of the O'Donnells had it in possession, and he has recorded this in a Latin 626 on the silver frame
guardianship inscription,
he made for its preservation. The curious and beautiful workmanship of this venerable object may now be examined i—n the Museum of the Royal Iri—sh
"" Academy, Dublin. 62? The Cochall or Cuculla meaning "cowl or hood"
of the saint was deemed to possess the miraculous virtue of preserving those who wore it from a violent death. 628 Moreover, Columba appears to have blessed one specially for Aedh, the son of Ainmire, who forgot to take it with him, when he went on his Leinster expedition, and then he fell afterwards in
thorn Todd, Fasciculus ii. , No. xvi. Pre- sons, when his son Conn was elected to suc-
face, pp. 204, 221, 223.
616
See an account of this transaction, in the Sixteenth Chapter of this biography.
ceed. Conn was killed on the 19th of Octo-
ber following, and Hugh Roe again suc- ceeded.
624 In " the Yellow Road. " English
62S Or Mac Roarty.
6-6 It was asfollows: "JACOBO 3 M. B. REGE EXULANTE, DANIEL O'DONEL, IN XTIANISS IMP° PR^E- FECTUS REI BELLIC/E HUTUSCE HiEREDITARII SANCTI COLUM- BANI PIGNORIS, VULGO CAAH DICTI, TEGMEN ARGENTEUM, VE- TUSTATE CONSUMITUM, RESTAU- RAVIT ANNO SALUTIS 1723. "—Sir William Betham's " Irish Antiquarian Re- searches," part i. , p. 1 16.
6, i It was there in
O'Donnell wrote his Life of St. Columba.
6x1 Probably, somewhat like the cross of Cong, in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy. See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's " Life of St. Columba," Additional Notes M, PP. 318, 319.
NS See the accounts already contained in
the Seventh Chapter of this biography.
650 According to Rev. Dr. William
Reeves.
621 Sir William Betham presents drawings
of this case, and its contents, with a detailed
"
account, in his
searches," at part i. , p. 109 to [21. Dublin, 1827, 8vo.
623 See Dr. O'Donovan's " Annals of the
Four Masters," vol. ii. , pp. 982, 983.
623 Hugh Roe O'Donnell was deposed on
Friday, 7th of the Kalends of June, 1497, in consequence of a disagreement between his
1532,
when Manus
Irish Antiquarian Re-
"
6l? See Rev. William Reeves' Adamnan's Life of St. Columba," Additional Notes
M, pp. 319 to 321.
62® This is illustrated in the narrative* of
his Acts by Adamnan, where his disciple Findluganus was so preserved from the attempts on his life, by one Manus Dextera, in the Island of Hinba, simply because he
sh
Robhertaigh,
June 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 575
thebattleofDunbolg. 63? TheCuilebadh,63°orskull-capofSt. Columba,63I_was another relic,632 which is said to have been lost in the year 1034, when it
appears Macnia Ua h Uchtain, lecturer of Kells, and thirty men perished on a voyage from Scotland. 633 However, that relic seems to have been recovered; for, in 1090, these relics of Columcille were brought 63* from Tyr- connelltoKells,viz. ,theBelloftheKings,63* andtheCuillebaigh,with120 ounces of silver.
"
wore St. Columba's hood. See ibid. , Vita S.
Columbas, lib. ii. , cap. xxiv. , pp. 135 to 137, 629 However, in an old Irish Life of Co- lumba, it is stated, that when Aedh Slaine gave the saint an honourable reception at Kells ; in return, the king had a cowl con- secrated for his use, with an admonition to observe a certain just course of conduct. However, that king was guilty of fratricide. Four years afterwards, that king went on an expedition, and forgot bis cowl. He was slain in battle. Here our historians seem to have confused their narratives and to have
,
attributed possession of the cowl to different Aedhs. Whe-refore, Prince O'Donnell ex- hibits two distinct Aedhs as provided respec- tively with charmed vestments. See Col- gan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Quarta Vita S.
Columbae, 400.
lib.
Omitting the desired word, this legend is given by O'Donnell in an Irish stanza, and it is thus translated into English :
" There was a sod of the earth of Alba under his feet :
There was a cere-cloth over his
eyes :
There was his woollen cap drawn over
that:
There was his hood, and his cowl,
over these outside. "
032 The character of this relic has been
strangely mistaken, by several of our Irish writers. The old English version suppresses the first syllable of CubebAt), and reads bebAp for the rest ; thus translating it "booke. " TheFourMastersomitthe ceding conjunction ACAp as given in the Ulster Annals, and then dismembering the word, they read cu LAbA'6, meaning "with
"
the bed," supposed to be the "nuda petra on which Columkille lay. Again, they find the word chinlebAt)li, in the Ulster Annals, at a. d. 1 128, but for want of knowing its
The Cuillebaigh or Cuilefaidh of Columcille was pre- We do not believe, however, that the object is represented,
served at Kells.
by the Latin word
under the "cucullus," as has been suggested,636 but that it was rather a woollen cap. We learn, from the charters of the Columban house at Kells, that a Disert existed there, 63 ? from a early
tunica," which appears to have been worn immediately period. Maelsechnaill, 638 the son of
i. , cap. lx. , lxiv. , pp. 399,
pre-
630 In Irish, this word is variedly written
cuteb<xt>, ctnWbA'd, cubpAic, and culepATO.
The word cuil/ib<vo is found in conjunction
with the names OoUim citA/i and CeAbbAC,
in a diagram, occurring' in a tract or Ogham
writing, in the Book of Ballymote, fol. 169/',
Library of the Royal Irish Academy, meaning apparently, they have omitted that Dublin.
631 In the SAnap ChopmAic or Cormac's
Glossary, translated and annotated by the
late John O'Donovan, LL. D. , and edited
with Notes and Indices, by Whitley Stokes, LL. D. , we find the following insertion :
entire entry.
633 Three of St.
have been known to chip off fragments of richly-traced tombs, and even
the carved heads of 5 * 5 however, the Duke of who is owner of figures ; Argyll,
theIsland,hassinceinterferedtopreservetheruinsandmonuments. The
old cemeteries of Iona, are, the Reilig Odhrain, or burial-ground of Odhran,546 the most ancient place of Christian sepulture on the Island ; the cathedral enclosure 5*7 Cladh Ronain,548 or the burial-ground of Ronan ;
;
Kilchainnich,S49 now disused ; Cill-ma-Gobhannain,55° also called Cill-ma-
Neachdain ;55i Cladh-an-Diseart S52 or burial-ground of the Desert 5 " Cladh- ;
that a journeyman blacksmith from the Island of Mull had removed thither a slab, which marked the resting place of four Priors, and it was held by archaeologists to have been the finest specimen of Celtic work in the cemetery.
distance to the north-east of the cathedral,
and in the low ground near the water's
edge.
553 Near it on the south is Port-an-Diseart,
or Port of the Desert.
554 This is near the Free Church, at
of the Druids sss Cladh-na-Meirghe;556
nan-Druineach554 or
and a nameless cemetery,547 at Culbhuirg, on the north-west side of the Island.
It is said, that formerly, there were no less than 360 crosses to be seen on
this Island, which were all destroyed by a provincial assembly, held on the place a little after the Reformation, and that their foundations were to be seen so late as i693. S58 Sacheverell,559 as cited by Pennant,56° states, that " the synod ordered 60 crosses to be thrown into the sea. " It is alleged, likewise, that numbers of them were carried away to different parts of western Scotland, and among these were the two beautiful crosses of Inverary and of Campbeltown. These statements have been called in question by later writers, and among: them are Mr. David Lainsj 561 and the Rev. Dr. William
Scotland in Edinburgh, relating his experi- ss* It is sometimes called Cladh Iain, or ences of a recent visit to Iona. lie found John's Burial-ground. It is situated some
burial-ground ;
S45 It is said, that the stewards of two Martyr's Bay. It was an oblong enclosure, yachts, lying in the Sound of Mull, had bounded by a stone dyke, in the time of
landed at nightfall, and they deliberately smashed the beautiful figure of M'Lean of Ross on his tombstone ; and this was done in revenge, because they were refused per- mission to see the cathedral on a Sunday. See The Daily Telegraph of December 19th,
1870.
s*s His festival has been assigned to the
27th of October, where notices of him may be found.
S4? On the south of it are two tombstones and other sepulchral remains.
548 This cemetery is attached to the church
within the nunnery precincts.
549 Some tombstones yet mark its site.
S5° This is a small, unenclosed, triangular space. It lies at the northern extremity of an old green bank, north of the cathedral. Here murderers and children that died be- fore baptism are said to have been buried.
of the Western
551 Bishop Pocock stated, that here he had seen two stones, each seven feet in height, with a third laid across their tops, and that it was evidently a Cromlech. See Pennant's " Tour in Scotland, and Voyage
Pennant, who alludes to it in his " Tour in Scotland, and Voyage to the Hebrides," vol. iii. , p. 245.
555 In the last century, a cottager who was planting potatoes here unearthed human re- mains, which the islanders immediately con- cluded to be the bones of the Druids. See " Old Statistical Account of Scotland," vol. xiv. , p. 199.
556 This is at Cnoc-na-Meirghe, at the
head of Gleann-an-Teampull, where un- baptized children used to be buried.
557 This was only exposed in the present century, and no tradition of it remained. In it, layers of bones were found mixed with charcoal.
See Martin's "
559 He lived in 168S. In the " Transac- "
Description Isles of Scotland," p. 258.
tions of the Camden Society," his Voyage to Icolmbkill "has been published.
to the vol. Hebrides,"
iii. , p. 258.
560 See his "Tour in Scotland, and Voyage to the Hebrides,'' vol. iii. , p. 251.
501 See a letter by David Laing, Esq. ,
F. S. A. . Scotland, to the Hon. Lord Murray,
1 ' On the state of the Ruins of Iona present
558 Such is the statement of an anonymous writer, who wrote in that year. See u New Statistical Account of Scotland," vol. vii. , part ii. , p. 314.
June 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 57i
Reeves. 563 However, there can be no doubt, but that a pillage of Iona's crosses went on for generations back j and in the adjacent Islands, numbers of different shapes and sizes have been erected to mark as head-stones the gravesofthehumbleandundistinguishedpersonsthereinterred. 563 Ofthose crosses remaining, are to be seen St. Martin's cross,56* opposite the west door of the cathedral,565 Maclean's cross,566 St. John's cross,'& St. Matthew's cross,568 St. Adamnan's cross,569 St. Brandon's cross,570 that of Torr Abb,5? 1 and those crosses, that are traditionally known to have been at a spot on the left of that walk running northwards from the cathedral, and yet called Na Crossan Mor, or the " Great Crosses. " Besides the above-named, some fragments of others serve as tombstones in Relig Odhrain. 572
Other antiquities on Iona are the Cobhan Cuildich,5" interpreted the Culdee's Cell or Couch, which stood in a hollow between Dunii and Dun-
574 '* foundations " or " ruins 575 Dun- meaning ;
the
bhuirg,5? 6 a well-defined, abrupt, rocky eminence in the north-western part of the Island; Garadh-Eachain Oig,577 or "Garden of young Hector;""8
bhuirg ;
Laithrichean,
and their preservation. " This was written
in 1854, and it may be found, in " Proceed-
ings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scot- land," vol. ii. , pp. 7 to 12.
562 See Adamnan's " Life of St. Columba," Additional Note? P, p. 420.
563 This information the writer is enabled
to communicate, on the authority of Rev. Dr. J. F. S. Gordon, the learned Scottish eccle- siastical historian and author of the " Scoti- chronicon," as also of other admirable his- torical and antiquarian works, who has affirmed the facts stated in the text, in a letter from 8 Stonefield Terrace, Glasgow, and dated Feast of the Holy Trinity,
1888.
564 This is a noble monument, fourteen
feet in height. Martin has described it, in
570 This stood a little way east of the Free Church Manse, near Tobar Orain, but no trace of it now remains.
571 Opposite the west entrance to the cathedral, and on the top of this eminence, the socket of a cross is said to have been ob- served.
572 Mr. Huband Smith, when he visited
Iona, was unable to discover the remains of
more than fifteen or twenty crosses. See
"
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," vol. vi. , p. 392.
his " of the Western Isles of a walk ascends to a small hillock. The Description
Scotland," p. 259. It is drawn in Graham's
"
Antiquities of Iona," plate 39, represent- ing the east face.
foundation is not quite circular, but it mea- sures about 16 by 14 feet.
574 A small bay, lying west of Port-a- churraich derives its name, Port Laith- richean, from several circular foundations of very ancient buildings scattered over it. That sequestered spot forms a beautiful re- cess, enclosed by high rock all round, and only open to the sea. There, the inclina- tion of the ground towards the water is re- medied by an artificial terrace, made across
"
563 Pennant has an account of it, in his Tour in Scotland, and Voyage to the He-
brides," vol. iii. , p. 254.
566 This is on the way-side, proceeding from the nunnery towards the cathedral.
The shaft is 10 feet, 4 inches, in height, but
the name is thought to be a vulgar mis-
nomer. There is a drawing of it, in Gra-
ham's " of the mouth of the little and the Antiquities Iona," plate 43. bay, bringing
567 It stood in the cathedral ground, north of St. Martin's cross. It appears to be of ancient date, and it is formed of one stone, nearly eight feet high and twenty inches broad. It is "set on a pedestal of granite. " —" New Statistical Account of Scotland," vol. vii. , part ii. , p. 335. Only a portion of this cross remains, of which Graham gives
level of the floor to an elevation of seventy or eighty feet over the sea. The circular en- closures spoken of rise over the sward.
575 These are thought to be traces of by far
the oldest buildings on Iona. One of those
circles is thirty yards in circumference, and another is thirteen.
576 On the top are the traces of a wall, en- closingthesummit. This,oneoftheCeltic duns, gives denomination to the hill.
577 Here in a valley are vestiges of numer- ous little buildings, apparently very ancient. They are found especially on the east side, near the stream which runs down from Loch Staonaig.
a drawing, in his plate 40.
"
Antiquities of Iona,"
568 There is only a fragments of this, in the same enclosure.
569 This no longer exists, but a spot at the north end of the village bears such a name, and opposite to Port a Chrossain.
"
573 It is spelled Cothan Cuildich, in the
Old Statistical Account of Scotland," vol. xiv. , p. 200. It is said to have been the foundation of a small circular house upon a declining plain. Only faint vestiges of it now remain, and from the door of the house
572 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 9.
the Teach an
andBarn,581 near the cathedral. 582
Epscoip,579
or " House 58° as ais0 tbe sites of the Mill Bishop's ;
The other features of most interest on the Island are as follows : a green
embankment,583 called the Bishop's walk,58* north of the cathedral, and close
to the Lochan Mor,585 on the east 586 the Cnoc-na-n Aingel s8? or Angel's ;
Hill, 588 but more commonly called at present Sithean Mor, 58 ? or the Great
Fairy Mount 59° the Port-an-Churaich,5? 1 or " Port of the Currach ;"592 the ;
EalaMound,5^oppositethecentreofMartyr'sBay; theTorrAbb,5? 4orthe
"Abbot's turret 595 while at Port-a-curach, on the western side, where the ;
shore is covered with small boulders,5^6 are several cairns formed of these
stones, which are either for penitential stations or for sepulchral mounds, but most probably for the former purpose. The two chief lakes on the Island were the Lochan Mor w—now dried up—and the Loch Staonaig 5? 8 towards
s? 8 It is said to take name from Hector M'Lean, one of the Duairt family. It is situated near the head of Port-a-chuirraich. There, traces said to be of his house are shown.
Voyage to the Hebrides," vol. ii. , p. 258.
5 '° On the feast of St. Michael, the natives brought their horses thither, and coursed
around it.
591 This is on the south side of the Island,
579 This is a small ruinous building, and greatly exposed to the swell of the situated north-east of the cathedral. In western Atlantic billows, except in fine Sacheverell's time it was in good preserva- weather. Its name is derived from a long,
tion.
s80 It is mentioned in Pennant's " Tour
in Scotland, and a Voyage to the Hebrides,"
;
but on a place adjoining the gardens of the abbey, and surrounded by small hills, there
low, narrow mound, which runs across the bay at high water mark.
vol. ii. , p. 293. <i
581 There is no lake of any consequence
Columbus's Boat called Curich. " Description of the Western Isles of Scot-
" swan's mound," but why, they cannot tell. See Graham's "Antiquities oflona," p. 3. However, they appear to have been misled up, and where there are the marks of a by the sound, for the word really is
are vestiges of a large piece of artificial water, which has consisted of several acres, and been contrived both for pleasure and utility. At a place where it has been dammed
sluice, the ruins of a mill are still to be seen, which serve—d the inhabitants for grinding their corn. " "New Statistical Account of
Scotland," vol. vii. , part ii. , p. 317. "
eAlacpom, "a coffin. " Funeral parties on landing were formerly accustomed to lay the remains on this mound, while they thrice performed a deisiol, or right-wise circuit,
582 See Pennant's Tour in Scotland, round the spot.
and Voyage to the Hebribes," vol. iii. ,
p. 362.
583 This is evidently very ancient.
s8+ See Graham's "Antiquities oflona,"
p. 4.
s8s It may have been intended to confine
and deepen the waters of the lake, or it may
have been a portion of the vallum surround-
ingtheoriginalmonastery. Pennantstates "
594 This rocky eminence was opposite the west entrance to the cathedral and outside the enclosure. Martin seems to indicate, that it had been crowned with some artifi- cial stone-work, in the shape of a bastion, which was pretty high, and it was denomi- nated Dun Ni Manich, or Monk's Fort. " From the eminence the monks had a view of all the families in the Isle, an—d at the same
that the whole of their religious buildings time enjoy'd the free air. " "Descrip-
were covered on the north side by dykes. "
— " Tour in Scotland, and Voyage to the
tion of the Western Isles of Scotland,"
P- 259-
595 Ihe artificial part of it no longer
Hebrides," vol. iii. , p. 258.
5,6 It is sometimes called Iomaire-an- exists.
tachair, or Ridge of the Way. Tradition has
596 One of these heaps, about fifty feet in
it, that this causeway had been planted on length,
"
both sides.
s8? This has been Latinized " Colliculus
Angelorum," by Adamnan.
s88 It is a smooth green knoll, about 167
paces in circumference, at the base.
589 On the right hand on a small hill was a circle of stones, and a little cairn in the middle, supposed by Pennant, to have been
is represented by legendary gossip as a memorial and an exact model of St.
598 It take> name from the district in which druidical. See " Tour in Scotland, and it is situated.
preserve "
:
" The Dock which was
592 Martin states
dug out of Port Churich, is on the shoar, —to
land," p. 263.
593 Interpreted by the natives the
Columba's boat. "—"
Scotland," vol. ii. , Art. Iona, p. 140.
597 This was formerly a sheet of water, partly artificial, and covering an area about 400 yards by 200, lying between the mound and the base of Dunii. It is now drained.
Imperial
Gazetteer of
June 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 573 the south ; while the wells are Tobhar Odhrain, or Oran's well,5? ' Tobar
00Tobar 601 andTobarna 6°2 Maighe Lunge, h-Aois,
Cheathain/
" Well of the Age. " The—six districts into which Iona is divided have the
6°3 "
I. Ceann East Head. " II.
following Gaelic names
Slaibh Meanach,6°4 " Middle Mountain Land. " III. 60-' « Sliginach,
:
t-Sear, meaning
Ground. " IV. Machar,6°6 " the Plain. " V. Sliabh 60? "West Mountain Siar,
Land. " VI. 6°8 " Ground. "600 There are various sub- Staonaigh, Inclining
denominations of particular localities, in addition to the smaller satellite islets. These several places are admirably illustrated and noted on an accurate Map of Modern Hy, which accompanies the work o—f Rev. Dr. Reeves. 010
traditions — about St. Columb absurd and incredible many existing
So
thoughanumberofthembe stillprove, thathewasnoordinaryman,but one whose influence was felt, and whose life far transcended that of his con-
6" the social of the Ulster it was temporaries. Among popular usages Irish,
customary in drinking healths, to give expression to a kindly sentiment, said traditionally to have been addressed by Columba to his mother, in the first instance. 612 Subsequent to the death of our saint, the garments and books of the holy man were preserved as relics in his monastery of Hy, and on
occasions to obtain some those were there — on the special favour, exposed
altar. 6l 3 T—hose relics were even brought into the open fields probably in
61
procession to procure a change of temperature.
*
Among the memorials of St. Columba, that of the Great Cross, s which
he is said to have received from Pope St. Gregory, when he visited Rome,616 was held in devout veneration. It was preserved in the Island of Tory, early
599 This is a little east of the Free Church Manse.
600 It is near the cathedral, and it is cele- brated in Gaelic verse.
601 Or well of Magh-Lunga, in the northern
of Iona.
602 This is on the top of Dunii. See Rev.
Dr. J, F. S. Gordon's "Iona," pp. 431043. 6°3 This extends from the village to the northern extremity of the Island, and it em- braces all the ecclesiastical sites. It also comprises the low lands, lying between the sound and the hills from Dunii south-
wards.
604 It contains Dunii and the hills in the
middle of the northern half, terminating at
the south-west of Gleann-an-Tempull.
605 This is a small tract on the east side of
the Island and south of the village. It ter-
minates a little south of Tra-mor, while it
contains Martyr's Bay and its neighbourhood.
606
This is a well-marked tract, lying north-west of the last, and traversed by a cart road.
607 This is a narrow and rocky tract. It
runs across the Island south of the two last
divisions, and rising above them.
608 This tract contains the southern part of
Iona from Loch Staonaigh to the sea. A portion of it forms the south-western corner of the Island, and it is called Aonaidh-nan- sriith, or Cliff of the Streams. It suddenly dips from the level of the table-land above, while it is almost shut out from the rest of the
Island by a precipitous cliff, which runs southwards from Port-Beul-Mor to Port-
Aonaidh-nan-sruth. This denomination is
derived from fCAon, "oblique," and signify-
"a or "inclination. " ing bending,"
t09 It is so called because falling south- wards into various ravines, which are there formed.
610 See his edition of Adamnan's " Life of
St. Columba," Additional Notes P, pp. 413
part
to 433- 611
With truth has Longfellow sung
:
—
"The heights by great men reached and kept,
Were not attained by sudden flight ; But they, while their companions
slept,
Were toiling upward in the night. "
612 A Letter addressed by Denis A.
O'Leary, Kilbolane Cottage, Charleville, Co. Cork, and dated December 4th, 1887, gives the original Irish in the native charac- ters, and its English translation, thus : 5un feApp fin AmAfAd n-a a niATOm AnAe
Agur- 111 feApp fin ha 'p a meAfA. In English: "That we may be better to- morrow than we are to-day ; and if we are not better that we may not be worse. "
613 See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's "Life of St. Columba," lib. ii. , cap. 45, p. 176.
6'
4 See ibid. , cap. 44, pp. 174 to 176.
615 According to the Preface of the Altus Prosator, the Irish called it the fflopgemm, crGreatGem. SeetheteAbliAplmuiunor " Book of Hymns of the Ancient Church of Ireland," edited by Rev. Dr. James Hen-
interpreted
6l
Shelly
574 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAIN2S. [June 9.
61 ? This altar-cross is not now known to exist but, ;
in the sixteenth
from the description given, it appears to have been of wood, cased in metal,
century.
and adorned with bosses. 6' 8 The celebrated Cathach, or crystal
Prgeliator, was traditionally held to be that copy of the Gospels, which St. Columba
61 ? and without the consent of the
the great veneration in which it was formerly held, notwithstanding its total want of illumination, gives weight to the opinion, that it had been written by
transcribed from St. Finian's
Manuscript,
it is
the writing of the Manuscript be so old as the time of St. Columba; although
latter been obtained. having
Yet,
thought
to be 620 if very questionable,
him. The silver and ornamental
is a
very
in which it has been — case, long preserved
21 and, an Iri—
reliquary f inscription
attractive feature of this runningalongthreesidesoftheundersurfaceonthemargin indicates,that this more modern portion had been prepared in the eleventh or at least very early in the twelfth century, by Cathbarr O'Donnell, who died a. d. 1106. 622 For some centuries, it was in possession of the O'Donnells, and it appears to have accompanied them during their military expeditions. However, in 1497, when Con O'Donnell 623 led a hosting against the Mac Dermotts of Moylurg,
625
he was defeated at the battle of Bealach-buidhe,624 and Mac
the hereditary keeper of St. Columbkille's Cathach was slain. This vene- rated relic was then taken from the people of Tyrconnell ; but, two years afterwards it was restored. In the early part of the sixteenth century, it was stillthegreatreliquaryoftheTyrconallians; and,inthefollowingcentury,it continued to be in the custody of the Mac Robartaigh family. In the eigh- teenth century, Daniel the head of the O'Donnells had it in possession, and he has recorded this in a Latin 626 on the silver frame
guardianship inscription,
he made for its preservation. The curious and beautiful workmanship of this venerable object may now be examined i—n the Museum of the Royal Iri—sh
"" Academy, Dublin. 62? The Cochall or Cuculla meaning "cowl or hood"
of the saint was deemed to possess the miraculous virtue of preserving those who wore it from a violent death. 628 Moreover, Columba appears to have blessed one specially for Aedh, the son of Ainmire, who forgot to take it with him, when he went on his Leinster expedition, and then he fell afterwards in
thorn Todd, Fasciculus ii. , No. xvi. Pre- sons, when his son Conn was elected to suc-
face, pp. 204, 221, 223.
616
See an account of this transaction, in the Sixteenth Chapter of this biography.
ceed. Conn was killed on the 19th of Octo-
ber following, and Hugh Roe again suc- ceeded.
624 In " the Yellow Road. " English
62S Or Mac Roarty.
6-6 It was asfollows: "JACOBO 3 M. B. REGE EXULANTE, DANIEL O'DONEL, IN XTIANISS IMP° PR^E- FECTUS REI BELLIC/E HUTUSCE HiEREDITARII SANCTI COLUM- BANI PIGNORIS, VULGO CAAH DICTI, TEGMEN ARGENTEUM, VE- TUSTATE CONSUMITUM, RESTAU- RAVIT ANNO SALUTIS 1723. "—Sir William Betham's " Irish Antiquarian Re- searches," part i. , p. 1 16.
6, i It was there in
O'Donnell wrote his Life of St. Columba.
6x1 Probably, somewhat like the cross of Cong, in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy. See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's " Life of St. Columba," Additional Notes M, PP. 318, 319.
NS See the accounts already contained in
the Seventh Chapter of this biography.
650 According to Rev. Dr. William
Reeves.
621 Sir William Betham presents drawings
of this case, and its contents, with a detailed
"
account, in his
searches," at part i. , p. 109 to [21. Dublin, 1827, 8vo.
623 See Dr. O'Donovan's " Annals of the
Four Masters," vol. ii. , pp. 982, 983.
623 Hugh Roe O'Donnell was deposed on
Friday, 7th of the Kalends of June, 1497, in consequence of a disagreement between his
1532,
when Manus
Irish Antiquarian Re-
"
6l? See Rev. William Reeves' Adamnan's Life of St. Columba," Additional Notes
M, pp. 319 to 321.
62® This is illustrated in the narrative* of
his Acts by Adamnan, where his disciple Findluganus was so preserved from the attempts on his life, by one Manus Dextera, in the Island of Hinba, simply because he
sh
Robhertaigh,
June 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 575
thebattleofDunbolg. 63? TheCuilebadh,63°orskull-capofSt. Columba,63I_was another relic,632 which is said to have been lost in the year 1034, when it
appears Macnia Ua h Uchtain, lecturer of Kells, and thirty men perished on a voyage from Scotland. 633 However, that relic seems to have been recovered; for, in 1090, these relics of Columcille were brought 63* from Tyr- connelltoKells,viz. ,theBelloftheKings,63* andtheCuillebaigh,with120 ounces of silver.
"
wore St. Columba's hood. See ibid. , Vita S.
Columbas, lib. ii. , cap. xxiv. , pp. 135 to 137, 629 However, in an old Irish Life of Co- lumba, it is stated, that when Aedh Slaine gave the saint an honourable reception at Kells ; in return, the king had a cowl con- secrated for his use, with an admonition to observe a certain just course of conduct. However, that king was guilty of fratricide. Four years afterwards, that king went on an expedition, and forgot bis cowl. He was slain in battle. Here our historians seem to have confused their narratives and to have
,
attributed possession of the cowl to different Aedhs. Whe-refore, Prince O'Donnell ex- hibits two distinct Aedhs as provided respec- tively with charmed vestments. See Col- gan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Quarta Vita S.
Columbae, 400.
lib.
Omitting the desired word, this legend is given by O'Donnell in an Irish stanza, and it is thus translated into English :
" There was a sod of the earth of Alba under his feet :
There was a cere-cloth over his
eyes :
There was his woollen cap drawn over
that:
There was his hood, and his cowl,
over these outside. "
032 The character of this relic has been
strangely mistaken, by several of our Irish writers. The old English version suppresses the first syllable of CubebAt), and reads bebAp for the rest ; thus translating it "booke. " TheFourMastersomitthe ceding conjunction ACAp as given in the Ulster Annals, and then dismembering the word, they read cu LAbA'6, meaning "with
"
the bed," supposed to be the "nuda petra on which Columkille lay. Again, they find the word chinlebAt)li, in the Ulster Annals, at a. d. 1 128, but for want of knowing its
The Cuillebaigh or Cuilefaidh of Columcille was pre- We do not believe, however, that the object is represented,
served at Kells.
by the Latin word
under the "cucullus," as has been suggested,636 but that it was rather a woollen cap. We learn, from the charters of the Columban house at Kells, that a Disert existed there, 63 ? from a early
tunica," which appears to have been worn immediately period. Maelsechnaill, 638 the son of
i. , cap. lx. , lxiv. , pp. 399,
pre-
630 In Irish, this word is variedly written
cuteb<xt>, ctnWbA'd, cubpAic, and culepATO.
The word cuil/ib<vo is found in conjunction
with the names OoUim citA/i and CeAbbAC,
in a diagram, occurring' in a tract or Ogham
writing, in the Book of Ballymote, fol. 169/',
Library of the Royal Irish Academy, meaning apparently, they have omitted that Dublin.
631 In the SAnap ChopmAic or Cormac's
Glossary, translated and annotated by the
late John O'Donovan, LL. D. , and edited
with Notes and Indices, by Whitley Stokes, LL. D. , we find the following insertion :
entire entry.
633 Three of St.
