1695,
and the note by the editor of the Lexington Papers.
and the note by the editor of the Lexington Papers.
Macaulay
, Jan.
1.
;
Tenison's Funeral Sermon. ]
[Footnote 552: Evelyn's Dairy; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; Commons'
Journals, Dec. 28. 1694; Shrewsbury to Lexington, of the same date; Van
Citters of the same date; L'Hermitage, Jan. 1/11 1695. Among the sermons
on Mary's death, that of Sherlock, preached in the Temple Church, and
those of Howe and Bates, preached to great Presbyterian congregations,
deserve notice. ]
[Footnote 553: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary. ]
[Footnote 554: Remarks on some late Sermons, 1695; A Defence of the
Archbishop's Sermon, 1695. ]
[Footnote 555: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary. ]
[Footnote 556: L'Hermitage, March 1/11, 6/16 1695; London Gazette, March
7,; Tenison's Funeral Sermon; Evelyn's Diary. ]
[Footnote 557: See Claude's Sermon on Mary's death. ]
[Footnote 558: Prior to Lord and Lady Lexington, Jan. 14/24 1695. The
letter is among the Lexington papers, a valuable collection, and well
edited. ]
[Footnote 559: Monthly Mercury for January 1695. An orator who
pronounced an eulogium on the Queen at Utrecht was so absurd as to say
that she spent her last breath in prayers for the prosperity of the
United Provinces:--"Valeant et Batavi;"--these are her last words--"sint
incolumes; sint florentes; sint beati; stet in sternum, stet immota
praeclarissima illorum civitas hospitium aliquando mihi gratissimum,
optime de me meritum. " See also the orations of Peter Francius of
Amsterdam, and of John Ortwinius of Delft. ]
[Footnote 560: Journal de Dangeau; Memoires de Saint Simon. ]
[Footnote 561: Saint Simon; Dangeau; Monthly Mercury for January 1695. ]
[Footnote 562: L'Hermitage, Jan. 1/11. 1695; Vernon to Lord Lexington
Jan. I. 4. ; Portland to Lord Lexington, Jan 15/25; William to Heinsius,
Jan 22/Feb 1]
[Footnote 563: See the Commons' Journals of Feb. 11, April 12. and
April 27. , and the Lords' Journals of April 8. and April is. 1695.
Unfortunately there is a hiatus in the Commons' Journal of the 12th
of April, so that it is now impossible to discover whether there was a
division on the question to agree with the amendment made by the Lords. ]
[Footnote 564: L'Hermitage, April 10/20. 1695; Burnet, ii. 149. ]
[Footnote 565: An Essay upon Taxes, calculated for the present Juncture
of Affairs, 1693. ]
[Footnote 566: Commons' Journals, Jan. 12 Feb. 26. Mar. 6. ; A Collection
of the Debates and Proceedings in Parliament in 1694 and 1695 upon the
Inquiry into the late Briberies and Corrupt Practices, 1695; L'Hermitage
to the States General, March 8/18; Van Citters, Mar. 15/25; L'Hermitage
says,
"Si par cette recherche la chambre pouvoit remedier au desordre qui
regne, elle rendroit un service tres utile et tres agreable au Roy. "]
[Footnote 567: Commons' Journals, Feb. 16, 1695; Collection of the
Debates and Proceedings in Parliament in 1694 and 1695; Life of Wharton;
Burnet, ii. 144. ]
[Footnote 568: Speaker Onslow's note on Burnet ii. 583. ; Commons'
Journals, Mar 6, 7. 1695. The history of the terrible end of this man
will be found in the pamphlets of the South Sea year. ]
[Footnote 569: Commons' Journals, March 8. 1695; Exact Collection of
Debates and Proceedings in Parliament in 1694 and 1695; L'Hermitage,
March 8/18]
[Footnote 570: Exact Collection of Debates. ]
[Footnote 571: L'Hermitage, March 8/18. 1695. L'Hermitage's narrative is
confirmed by the journals, March 7. 1694/5. It appears that just before
the committee was appointed, the House resolved that letters should not
be delivered out to members during a sitting. ]
[Footnote 572: L'Hermitage, March 19/29 1695. ]
[Footnote 573: Birch's Life of Tillotson. ]
[Footnote 574: Commons' Journals, March 12 13, 14 15, 16, 1694/5; Vernon
to Lexington, March 15. ; L'Hermitage, March 15/25. ]
[Footnote 575: On vit qu'il etoit impossible de le poursuivre en
justice, chacun toutefois demeurant convaincu que c'etoit un marche
fait a la main pour lui faire present de la somme de 10,000L. et qu'il
avoit ete plus habile que les autres novices que n'avoient pas su faire
si finement leure affaires. --L'Hermitage, March 29/April 8; Commons'
Journals, March 12. ; Vernon to Lexington, April 26. ; Burnet, ii. 145. ]
[Footnote 576: In a poem called the Prophecy (1703), is the line
"when Seymour scorns saltpetre pence. "
In another satire is the line
"Bribed Seymour bribes accuses. "]
[Footnote 577: Commons' Journals from March 26. to April 8. 1695. ]
[Footnote 578: L'Hermitage, April 10/20 1695. ]
[Footnote 579: Exact Collection of Debates and Proceedings. ]
[Footnote 580: L'Hermitage, April 30/May 10 1695; Portland to Lexington,
April 23/May 3]
[Footnote 581: L'Hermitage (April 30/May 10 1695) justly remarks, that
the way in which the money was sent back strengthened the case against
Leeds. ]
[Footnote 582: There can, I think, be no doubt, that the member who is
called D in the Exact Collection was Wharton. ]
[Footnote 583: As to the proceedings of this eventful day, April 27.
1695, see the Journals of the two Houses, and the Exact Collection. ]
[Footnote 584: Exact Collection; Lords' Journals, May 3. 1695; Commons'
Journals, May 2, 3. ; L'Hermitage, May 3/13. ; London Gazette, May 13. ]
[Footnote 585: L'Hermitage, May 10/20. 1695; Vernon to Shrewsbury, June
22. 1697. ]
[Footnote 586: London Gazette, May 6. 1695. ]
[Footnote 587: Letter from Mrs. Burnet to the Duchess of Marlborough,
1704, quoted by Coxe; Shrewsbury to Russell, January 24. 1695; Burnett,
ii. 149. ]
[Footnote 588: London Gazette April 8. 15. 29. 1695. ]
[Footnote 589: Shrewsbury to Russell, January 24. 1695; Narcissus
Luttrell's Diary,]
[Footnote 590: De Thou, liii. xcvi. ]
[Footnote 591: Life of James ii. 545. , Orig. Mem. Of course James does
not use the word assassination. He talks of the seizing and carrying
away of the Prince of Orange. ]
[Footnote 592: Every thing bad that was known or rumoured about Porter
came out on the State Trials of 1696. ]
[Footnote 593: As to Goodman see the evidence on the trial of Peter
Cook; Cleverskirke, Feb 28/March 9 1696; L'Hermitage, April 10/20 1696;
and a pasquinade entitled the Duchess of Cleveland's Memorial. ]
[Footnote 594: See the preamble to the Commission of 1695. ]
[Footnote 595: The Commission will be found in the Minutes of the
Parliament. ]
[Footnote 596: Act. Parl. Scot. , May 21. 1695; London Gazette, May 30. ]
[Footnote 597: Act. Parl. Scot. May 23. 1695. ]
[Footnote 598: Ibid. June 14. 18. 20. 1695; London Gazette, June 27. ]
[Footnote 599: Burnet, ii. 157. ; Act. Parl. , June 10 1695. ]
[Footnote 600: Act. Parl. , June 26. 1695; London Gazette, July 4. ]
[Footnote 601: There is an excellent portrait of Villeroy in St. Simon's
Memoirs. ]
[Footnote 602: Some curious traits of Trumball's character will be found
in Pepys's Tangier Diary. ]
[Footnote 603: Postboy, June 13. , July 9. 11. , 1695; Intelligence
Domestic and Foreign, June 14. ; Pacquet Boat from Holland and Flanders,
July 9. ]
[Footnote 604: Vaudemont's Despatch and William's Answer are in the
Monthly Mercury for July 1695. ]
[Footnote 605: See Saint Simon's Memoirs and his note upon Dangeau. ]
[Footnote 606: London Gazette July 22. 1695; Monthly Mercury of August,
1695. Swift ten years later, wrote a lampoon on Cutts, so dull and so
nauseously scurrilous that Ward or Gildon would have been ashamed of it,
entitled the Description of a Salamander. ]
[Footnote 607: London Gazette, July 29. 1695; Monthly Mercury for August
1695; Stepney to Lord Lexington, Aug. 16/26; Robert Fleming's Character
of King William, 1702. It was in the attack of July 17/27 that Captain
Shandy received the memorable wound in his groin. ]
[Footnote 608: London Gazette, Aug. r. 5. 1695; Monthly Mercury of
August 1695, containing the Letters of William and Dykvelt to the States
General. ]
[Footnote 609: Monthly Mercury for August 1695; Stepney to Lord
Lexington, Aug. 16/26]
[Footnote 610: Monthly Mercury for August 1695; Letter from Paris, Aug
26/Sept 5 1695, among the Lexington Papers. ]
[Footnote 611: L'Hermitage, Aug. 13/23 1695. ]
[Footnote 612: London Gazette, Aug. 26. 1695; Monthly Mercury, Stepney
to Lexington, Aug. 20/30. ]
[Footnote 613: Boyer's History of King William III, 1703; London
Gazette, Aug. 29. 1695; Stepney to Lexington, Aug. 20/30. ; Blathwayt to
Lexington, Sept. 2. ]
[Footnote 614: Postscript to the Monthly Mercury for August 1695; London
Gazette, Sept. 9. ; Saint Simon; Dangeau. ]
[Footnote 615: Boyer, History of King William III, 2703; Postscript to
the Monthly Mercury, Aug. 1695; London Gazette, Sept. 9. 12. ; Blathwayt
to Lexington, Sept. 6. ; Saint Simon; Dangeau. ]
[Footnote 616: There is a noble, and I suppose, unique Collection of the
newspapers of William's reign in the British Museum. I have turned over
every page of that Collection. It is strange that neither Luttrell nor
Evelyn should have noticed the first appearance of the new journals. The
earliest mention of those journals which I have found, is in a
despatch of L'Hermitage, dated July 12/22, 1695. I will transcribe his
words:--"Depuis quelque tems on imprime ici plusieurs feuilles volantes
en forme de gazette, qui sont remplies de toutes series de nouvelles.
Cette licence est venue de ce que le parlement n'a pas acheve le bill
ou projet d'acte qui avoit ete porte dans la Chambre des Communes pour
regler l'imprimerie et empecher que ces sortes de choses n'arrivassent.
Il n'y avoit ci-devant qu'un des commis des Secretaires d'Etat qui eut
le pouvoir de faire des gazettes: mais aujourdhui il s'en fait plusieurs
sons d'autres noms. " L'Hermitage mentions the paragraph reflecting on
the Princess, and the submission of the libeller. ]
[Footnote 617: L'Hermitage, Oct. 15/25. , Nov. 15/25. 1695. ]
[Footnote 618: London Gazette, Oct. 24. 1695. See Evelyn's Account of
Newmarket in 1671, and Pepys, July 18. 1668. From Tallard's despatches
written after the Peace of Ryswick it appears that the autumn meetings
were not less numerous or splendid in the days of William than in those
of his uncles. ]
[Footnote 619: I have taken this account of William's progress chiefly
from the London Gazettes, from the despatches of L'Hermitage, from
Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, and from the letters of Vernon, Yard and
Cartwright among the Lexington Papers. ]
[Footnote 620: See the letter of Yard to Lexington, November 8.
1695,
and the note by the editor of the Lexington Papers. ]
[Footnote 621: L'Hermitage, Nov. 15/25. 1695. ]
[Footnote 622: L'Hermitage Oct 25/Nov 4 Oct 29/Nov 8 1695. ]
[Footnote 623: Ibid. Nov. 5/15 1695. ]
[Footnote 624: L'Hermitage, Nov. 15/25 1695; Sir James Forbes to Lady
Russell, Oct. 3. 1695; Lady Russell to Lord Edward Russell; The Postman,
Nov. 1695. ]
[Footnote 625: There is a highly curious account of this contest in the
despatches of L'Hermitage. ]
[Footnote 626: Postman, Dec. 15. 17. 1696; Vernon to Shrewsbury, Dec.
13. 15. ; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; Burnet, i. 647. ; Saint Evremond's
Verses to Hampden. ]
[Footnote 627: L'Hermitage, Nov. 13/23. 1695. ]
[Footnote 628: I have derived much valuable information on this subject
from a MS. in the British Museum, Lansdowne Collection, No. 801. It
is entitled Brief Memoires relating to the Silver and Gold Coins of
England, with an Account of the Corruption of the Hammered Money, and of
the Reform by the late Grand Coinage at the Tower and the Country Mints,
by Hopton Haynes, Assay Master of the Mint. ]
[Footnote 629: Stat. 5 Eliz. c. ii. , and 18 Eliz. c. 1]
[Footnote 630: Pepys's Diary, November 23. 1663. ]
[Footnote 631: The first writer who noticed the fact that, where good
money and bad money are thown into circulation together, the bad money
drives out the good money, was Aristophanes. He seems to have thought
that the preference which his fellow citizens gave to light coins was to
be attributed to a depraved taste such as led them to entrust men like
Cleon and Hyperbolus with the conduct of great affairs. But, though his
political economy will not bear examination, his verses are excellent:--
pollakis g' emin edoksen e polis peponthenai
tauton es te ton politon tous kalous te kagathous
es te tarkhaion nomisma Kai to kainon khrusion.
oute gar toutoisin ousin ou kekibdeleumenios
alla kallistois apanton, us dokei, nomismaton,
kai monois orthos kopeisi, kai kekodonismenois
en te tois Ellisim kai tois barbarioisi pantahkou
khrometh' ouden, alla toutois tois ponerois khalkiois,
khthes te kai proen kopeisi to kakistu kommati.
ton politon th' ous men ismen eugeneis kai sophronas
andras ontas, kai dikaious, kai kalous te kagathous,
kai traphentas en palaistrais, kai khorois kai mousiki
prouseloumen tois de khalkois, kai ksenois, kai purriais,
kai ponerois kak poneron eis apanta khrometha. ]
[Footnote 632: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary is filled with accounts of
these executions. "Le metier de rogneur de monnoye," says L'Hermitage,
"est si lucratif et paroit si facile que, quelque chose qu'on fasse pour
les detruire, il s'en trouve toujours d'autres pour prendre leur place.
Oct 1/11. 1695. "]
[Footnote 633: As to the sympathy of the public with the clippers,
see the very curious sermon which Fleetwood afterwards Bishop of Ely,
preached before the Lord Mayor in December 1694. Fleetwood says that "a
soft pernicious tenderness slackened the care of magistrates, kept back
the under officers, corrupted the juries, and withheld the evidence. " He
mentions the difficulty of convincing the criminals themselves that
they had done wrong. See also a Sermon preached at York Castle by George
Halley, a clergyman of the Cathedral, to some clippers who were to be
hanged the next day. He mentions the impenitent ends which clippers
generally made, and does his best to awaken the consciences of his
bearers. He dwells on one aggravation of their crime which I should not
have thought of. "If," says he, "the same question were to be put in
this age, as of old, 'Whose is this image and superscription? ' we could
not answer the whole. We may guess at the image; but we cannot tell
whose it is by the superscription; for that is all gone. " The testimony
of these two divines is confirmed by that of Tom Brown, who tells a
facetious story, which I do not venture to quote, about a conversation
between the ordinary of Newgate and a clipper. ]
[Footnote 634: Lowndes's Essay for the Amendment of the Silver Coins,
1695. ]
[Footnote 635: L'Hermitage, Nov 29/Dec 9 1695. ]
[Footnote 636: The Memoirs of this Lancashire Quaker were printed a few
years ago in a most respectable newspaper, the Manchester Guardian. ]
[Footnote 637: Lowndes's Essay. ]
[Footnote 638: L'Hermitage, Dec 24/Jan 3 1695. ]
[Footnote 639: It ought always to be remembered, to Adam Smith's honour,
that he was entirely converted by Bentham's Defence of Usury, and
acknowledged, with candour worthy of a true philosopher, that the
doctrine laid down in the Wealth of Nations was erroneous. ]
[Footnote 640: Lowndes's Essay for the Amendment of the Silver Coins;
Locke's Further Considerations concerning raising the Value of Money;
Locke to Molyneux, Nov. 20. 1695; Molyneux to Locke, Dec. 24. 1695. ]
[Footnote 641: Burnet, ii. 147. ]
[Footnote 642: Commons' Journals, Nov. 22, 23. 26. 1695; L'Hermitage,
Nov 26/Dec 6]
[Footnote 643: Commons' Journals, Nov. 26, 27, 28, 29. 1695;
L'Hermitage, Nov 26. /Dec 6 Nov. 29/Dec 9 Dec 3/13]
[Footnote 644: Commons' Journals, Nov. 28, 29. 1695; L'Hermitage, Dec.
3/13]
[Footnote 645: L'Hermitage, Nov 22/Dec 2, Dec 6/16 1695; An Abstract of
the Consultations and Debates between the French King and his Council
concerning the new Coin that is intended to be made in England,
privately sent by a Friend of the Confederates from the French Court
to his Brother at Brussels, Dec. 12. 1695; A Discourse of the General
Notions of Money, Trade and Exchanges, by Mr. Clement of Bristol; A
Letter from an English Merchant at Amsterdam to his Friend in London; A
Fund for preserving and supplying our Coin; An Essay for regulating
the Coin, by A. V. ; A Proposal for supplying His Majesty with
1,200,000L, by mending the Coin, and yet preserving the ancient Standard
of the Kingdom. These are a few of the tracts which were distributed
among members of Parliament at this conjuncture. ]
[Footnote 646: Commons' Journals, Dec. 10. 1695; L'Hermitage, Dec. 3/13
6/16 10/20]
[Footnote 647: Commons' Journals, Dec. 13. 1695. ]
[Footnote 648: Stat. 7 Gul. 3. c. [1]. ; Lords' and Commons' Journals;
L'Hermitage, Dec 31/Jan 10 Jan 7/17 10/20 14/24 1696. L'Hermitage
describes in strong language the extreme inconvenience caused by the
dispute between the Houses:--"La longueur qu'il y a dans cette affaire
est d'autant plus desagreable qu'il n'y a point (le sujet sur lequel le
peuple en general puisse souffrir plus d'incommodite, puisqu'il n'y a
personne qui, a tous moments, n'aye occasion de l'esprouver. )]
[Footnote 649: That Locke was not a party to the attempt to make gold
cheaper by penal laws, I infer from a passage in which he notices
Lowndes's complaints about the high price of guineas. "The only remedy,"
says Locke, "for that mischief, as well as a great many others, is the
putting an end to the passing of clipp'd money by tale. " Locke's Further
Considerations. That the penalty proved, as might have been expected,
inefficacious, appears from several passages in the despatches of
L'Hermitage, and even from Haynes's Brief Memoires, though Haynes was a
devoted adherent of Montague. ]
[Footnote 650: L'Hermitage, Jan 14/24 1696. ]
[Footnote 651: Commons' Journals, Jan. 14. 17. 23. 1696; L'Hermitage,
Jan. 14/24; Gloria Cambriae, or Speech of a Bold Briton against a Dutch
Prince of Wales 1702; Life of the late Honourable Robert Price,
&c. 1734. Price was the bold Briton whose speech--never, I believe,
spoken--was printed in 1702. He would have better deserved to be called
bold, if he had published his impertinence while William was living.
The Life of Price is a miserable performance, full of blunders and
anachronisms. ]
[Footnote 652: L'Hermitage mentions the unfavourable change in the
temper of the Commons; and William alludes to it repeatedly in his
letters to Heinsius, Jan 21/31 1696, Jan 28/Feb 7. ]
[Footnote 653: The gaiety of the Jacobites is said by Van Cleverskirke
to have been noticed during some time; Feb 25/March 6 1696. ]
[Footnote 654: Harris's deposition, March 28. 1696. ]
[Footnote 655: Hunt's deposition. ]
[Footnote 656: Fisher's and Harris's depositions. ]
[Footnote 657: Barclay's narrative, in the Life of James, ii. 548. ;
Paper by Charnock among the MSS. in the Bodleian Library. ]
[Footnote 658: Harris's deposition. ]
[Footnote 659: Ibid. Bernardi's autobiography is not at all to be
trusted. ]
[Footnote 660: See his trial. ]
[Footnote 661: Fisher's deposition; Knightley's deposition; Cranburne's
trial; De la Rue's deposition. ]
[Footnote 662: See the trials and depositions. ]
[Footnote 663: L'Hermitage, March 3/13]
[Footnote 664: See Berwick's Memoirs. ]
[Footnote 665: Van Cleverskirke, Feb 25/March 6 1696. I am confident
that no sensible and impartial person, after attentively reading
Berwick's narrative of these transactions and comparing it with the
narrative in the Life of James (ii. 544. ) which is taken, word for word,
from the Original Memoirs, can doubt that James was accessory to the
design of assassination. ]
[Footnote 666: L'Hermitage, March Feb 25/March 6]
[Footnote 667: My account of these events is taken chiefly from
the trials and depositions. See also Burnet, ii. 165, 166, 167, and
Blackmore's True and Impartial History, compiled under the direction of
Shrewsbury and Somers, and Boyer's History of King William III. , 1703. ]
[Footnote 668: Portland to Lexington, March 3/13. 1696; Van
Cleverskirke, Feb 25/Mar 6 L'Hermitage, same date. ]
[Footnote 669: Commons' Journals, Feb. 24 1695. ]
[Footnote 670: England's Enemies Exposed, 1701. ]
[Footnote 671: Commons' Journals, Feb. 24. 1695/6. ]
[Footnote 672: Ibid. Feb. 25. 1695/6; Van Cleverskirke, Feb 28/March 9;
L'Hermitage, of the same date. ]
[Footnote 673: According to L'Hermitage, Feb 27/Mar 8,there were two of
these fortunate hackney coachmen. A shrewd and vigilant hackney coachman
indeed was from the nature of his calling, very likely to be successful
in this sort of chase. The newspapers abound with proofs of the general
enthusiasm. ]
[Footnote 674: Postman March 5. 1695/6]
[Footnote 675: Ibid. Feb. 29. , March 2. , March 12. , March 14. 1695/6. ]
[Footnote 676: Postman, March 12. 1696; Vernon to Lexington, March 13;
Van Cleverskirke, March 13/23 The proceedings are fully reported in the
Collection of State Trials. ]
[Footnote 677: Burnet, ii. 171. ; The Present Disposition of England
considered; The answer entitled England's Enemies Exposed, 1701;
L'Hermitage, March 17/27. 1696. L'Hermitage says, "Charnock a fait des
grandes instances pour avoir sa grace, et a offert de tout declarer:
mais elle lui a este refusee. "]
[Footnote 678: L'Hermitage, March 17/27]
[Footnote 679: This most curious paper is among the Nairne MSS. in the
Bodleian Library. A short, and not perfectly ingenuous abstract of it
will be found in the Life of James, ii. 555. Why Macpherson, who has
printed many less interesting documents did not choose to print this
document, it is easy to guess. I will transcribe two or three important
sentences. "It may reasonably be presumed that what, in one juncture His
Majesty had rejected he might in another accept, when his own and the
public good necessarily required it. For I could not understand it in
such a manner as if he had given a general prohibition that at no time
the Prince of Orange should be touched. . . Nobody that believes His
Majesty to be lawful King of England can doubt but that in virtue of his
commission to levy war against the Prince of Orange and his adherents,
the setting upon his person is justifiable, as well by the laws of the
land duly interpreted and explained as by the law of God. "]
[Footnote 680: The trials of Friend and Parkyns will be found,
excellently reported, among the State Trials. ]
[Footnote 681: L'Hermitage, April 3/13 1696. ]
[Footnote 682: Commons' Journals, April 1, 2. 1696; L'Hermitage, April
3/13. 1696; Van Cleverskirke, of the same date. ]
[Footnote 683: L'Hermitage, April 7/17. 1696. The Declaration of the
Bishops, Collier's Defence, and Further Defence, and a long legal
argument for Cook and Snatt will be found in the Collection of State
Trials. ]
[Footnote 684: See the Manhunter, 1690. ]
[Footnote 685: State Trials. ]
[Footnote 686: The best, indeed the only good, account of these debates
is given by L'Hermitage, Feb 28/March 9 1696. He says, very truly; "La
difference n'est qu'une dispute de mots, le droit qu'on a a une chose
selon les loix estant aussy bon qu'il puisse estre. "]
[Footnote 687: See the London Gazettes during several weeks;
L'Hermitage, March 24/April 3 April 14/24. 1696; Postman, April 9 25 30]
[Footnote 688: Journals of the Commons and Lords; L'Hermitage, April
7/17 10/20 1696. ]
[Footnote 689: See the Freeholder's Plea against Stockjobbing Elections
of Parliament Men, and the Considerations upon Corrupt Elections of
Members to serve in Parliament. Both these pamphlets were published in
1701. ]
[Footnote 690: The history of this bill will be found in the Journals
of the Commons, and in a very interesting despatch of L'Hermitage, April
14/24 1696. ]
[Footnote 691: The Act is 7 & 8 Will. 3. c.
Tenison's Funeral Sermon. ]
[Footnote 552: Evelyn's Dairy; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; Commons'
Journals, Dec. 28. 1694; Shrewsbury to Lexington, of the same date; Van
Citters of the same date; L'Hermitage, Jan. 1/11 1695. Among the sermons
on Mary's death, that of Sherlock, preached in the Temple Church, and
those of Howe and Bates, preached to great Presbyterian congregations,
deserve notice. ]
[Footnote 553: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary. ]
[Footnote 554: Remarks on some late Sermons, 1695; A Defence of the
Archbishop's Sermon, 1695. ]
[Footnote 555: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary. ]
[Footnote 556: L'Hermitage, March 1/11, 6/16 1695; London Gazette, March
7,; Tenison's Funeral Sermon; Evelyn's Diary. ]
[Footnote 557: See Claude's Sermon on Mary's death. ]
[Footnote 558: Prior to Lord and Lady Lexington, Jan. 14/24 1695. The
letter is among the Lexington papers, a valuable collection, and well
edited. ]
[Footnote 559: Monthly Mercury for January 1695. An orator who
pronounced an eulogium on the Queen at Utrecht was so absurd as to say
that she spent her last breath in prayers for the prosperity of the
United Provinces:--"Valeant et Batavi;"--these are her last words--"sint
incolumes; sint florentes; sint beati; stet in sternum, stet immota
praeclarissima illorum civitas hospitium aliquando mihi gratissimum,
optime de me meritum. " See also the orations of Peter Francius of
Amsterdam, and of John Ortwinius of Delft. ]
[Footnote 560: Journal de Dangeau; Memoires de Saint Simon. ]
[Footnote 561: Saint Simon; Dangeau; Monthly Mercury for January 1695. ]
[Footnote 562: L'Hermitage, Jan. 1/11. 1695; Vernon to Lord Lexington
Jan. I. 4. ; Portland to Lord Lexington, Jan 15/25; William to Heinsius,
Jan 22/Feb 1]
[Footnote 563: See the Commons' Journals of Feb. 11, April 12. and
April 27. , and the Lords' Journals of April 8. and April is. 1695.
Unfortunately there is a hiatus in the Commons' Journal of the 12th
of April, so that it is now impossible to discover whether there was a
division on the question to agree with the amendment made by the Lords. ]
[Footnote 564: L'Hermitage, April 10/20. 1695; Burnet, ii. 149. ]
[Footnote 565: An Essay upon Taxes, calculated for the present Juncture
of Affairs, 1693. ]
[Footnote 566: Commons' Journals, Jan. 12 Feb. 26. Mar. 6. ; A Collection
of the Debates and Proceedings in Parliament in 1694 and 1695 upon the
Inquiry into the late Briberies and Corrupt Practices, 1695; L'Hermitage
to the States General, March 8/18; Van Citters, Mar. 15/25; L'Hermitage
says,
"Si par cette recherche la chambre pouvoit remedier au desordre qui
regne, elle rendroit un service tres utile et tres agreable au Roy. "]
[Footnote 567: Commons' Journals, Feb. 16, 1695; Collection of the
Debates and Proceedings in Parliament in 1694 and 1695; Life of Wharton;
Burnet, ii. 144. ]
[Footnote 568: Speaker Onslow's note on Burnet ii. 583. ; Commons'
Journals, Mar 6, 7. 1695. The history of the terrible end of this man
will be found in the pamphlets of the South Sea year. ]
[Footnote 569: Commons' Journals, March 8. 1695; Exact Collection of
Debates and Proceedings in Parliament in 1694 and 1695; L'Hermitage,
March 8/18]
[Footnote 570: Exact Collection of Debates. ]
[Footnote 571: L'Hermitage, March 8/18. 1695. L'Hermitage's narrative is
confirmed by the journals, March 7. 1694/5. It appears that just before
the committee was appointed, the House resolved that letters should not
be delivered out to members during a sitting. ]
[Footnote 572: L'Hermitage, March 19/29 1695. ]
[Footnote 573: Birch's Life of Tillotson. ]
[Footnote 574: Commons' Journals, March 12 13, 14 15, 16, 1694/5; Vernon
to Lexington, March 15. ; L'Hermitage, March 15/25. ]
[Footnote 575: On vit qu'il etoit impossible de le poursuivre en
justice, chacun toutefois demeurant convaincu que c'etoit un marche
fait a la main pour lui faire present de la somme de 10,000L. et qu'il
avoit ete plus habile que les autres novices que n'avoient pas su faire
si finement leure affaires. --L'Hermitage, March 29/April 8; Commons'
Journals, March 12. ; Vernon to Lexington, April 26. ; Burnet, ii. 145. ]
[Footnote 576: In a poem called the Prophecy (1703), is the line
"when Seymour scorns saltpetre pence. "
In another satire is the line
"Bribed Seymour bribes accuses. "]
[Footnote 577: Commons' Journals from March 26. to April 8. 1695. ]
[Footnote 578: L'Hermitage, April 10/20 1695. ]
[Footnote 579: Exact Collection of Debates and Proceedings. ]
[Footnote 580: L'Hermitage, April 30/May 10 1695; Portland to Lexington,
April 23/May 3]
[Footnote 581: L'Hermitage (April 30/May 10 1695) justly remarks, that
the way in which the money was sent back strengthened the case against
Leeds. ]
[Footnote 582: There can, I think, be no doubt, that the member who is
called D in the Exact Collection was Wharton. ]
[Footnote 583: As to the proceedings of this eventful day, April 27.
1695, see the Journals of the two Houses, and the Exact Collection. ]
[Footnote 584: Exact Collection; Lords' Journals, May 3. 1695; Commons'
Journals, May 2, 3. ; L'Hermitage, May 3/13. ; London Gazette, May 13. ]
[Footnote 585: L'Hermitage, May 10/20. 1695; Vernon to Shrewsbury, June
22. 1697. ]
[Footnote 586: London Gazette, May 6. 1695. ]
[Footnote 587: Letter from Mrs. Burnet to the Duchess of Marlborough,
1704, quoted by Coxe; Shrewsbury to Russell, January 24. 1695; Burnett,
ii. 149. ]
[Footnote 588: London Gazette April 8. 15. 29. 1695. ]
[Footnote 589: Shrewsbury to Russell, January 24. 1695; Narcissus
Luttrell's Diary,]
[Footnote 590: De Thou, liii. xcvi. ]
[Footnote 591: Life of James ii. 545. , Orig. Mem. Of course James does
not use the word assassination. He talks of the seizing and carrying
away of the Prince of Orange. ]
[Footnote 592: Every thing bad that was known or rumoured about Porter
came out on the State Trials of 1696. ]
[Footnote 593: As to Goodman see the evidence on the trial of Peter
Cook; Cleverskirke, Feb 28/March 9 1696; L'Hermitage, April 10/20 1696;
and a pasquinade entitled the Duchess of Cleveland's Memorial. ]
[Footnote 594: See the preamble to the Commission of 1695. ]
[Footnote 595: The Commission will be found in the Minutes of the
Parliament. ]
[Footnote 596: Act. Parl. Scot. , May 21. 1695; London Gazette, May 30. ]
[Footnote 597: Act. Parl. Scot. May 23. 1695. ]
[Footnote 598: Ibid. June 14. 18. 20. 1695; London Gazette, June 27. ]
[Footnote 599: Burnet, ii. 157. ; Act. Parl. , June 10 1695. ]
[Footnote 600: Act. Parl. , June 26. 1695; London Gazette, July 4. ]
[Footnote 601: There is an excellent portrait of Villeroy in St. Simon's
Memoirs. ]
[Footnote 602: Some curious traits of Trumball's character will be found
in Pepys's Tangier Diary. ]
[Footnote 603: Postboy, June 13. , July 9. 11. , 1695; Intelligence
Domestic and Foreign, June 14. ; Pacquet Boat from Holland and Flanders,
July 9. ]
[Footnote 604: Vaudemont's Despatch and William's Answer are in the
Monthly Mercury for July 1695. ]
[Footnote 605: See Saint Simon's Memoirs and his note upon Dangeau. ]
[Footnote 606: London Gazette July 22. 1695; Monthly Mercury of August,
1695. Swift ten years later, wrote a lampoon on Cutts, so dull and so
nauseously scurrilous that Ward or Gildon would have been ashamed of it,
entitled the Description of a Salamander. ]
[Footnote 607: London Gazette, July 29. 1695; Monthly Mercury for August
1695; Stepney to Lord Lexington, Aug. 16/26; Robert Fleming's Character
of King William, 1702. It was in the attack of July 17/27 that Captain
Shandy received the memorable wound in his groin. ]
[Footnote 608: London Gazette, Aug. r. 5. 1695; Monthly Mercury of
August 1695, containing the Letters of William and Dykvelt to the States
General. ]
[Footnote 609: Monthly Mercury for August 1695; Stepney to Lord
Lexington, Aug. 16/26]
[Footnote 610: Monthly Mercury for August 1695; Letter from Paris, Aug
26/Sept 5 1695, among the Lexington Papers. ]
[Footnote 611: L'Hermitage, Aug. 13/23 1695. ]
[Footnote 612: London Gazette, Aug. 26. 1695; Monthly Mercury, Stepney
to Lexington, Aug. 20/30. ]
[Footnote 613: Boyer's History of King William III, 1703; London
Gazette, Aug. 29. 1695; Stepney to Lexington, Aug. 20/30. ; Blathwayt to
Lexington, Sept. 2. ]
[Footnote 614: Postscript to the Monthly Mercury for August 1695; London
Gazette, Sept. 9. ; Saint Simon; Dangeau. ]
[Footnote 615: Boyer, History of King William III, 2703; Postscript to
the Monthly Mercury, Aug. 1695; London Gazette, Sept. 9. 12. ; Blathwayt
to Lexington, Sept. 6. ; Saint Simon; Dangeau. ]
[Footnote 616: There is a noble, and I suppose, unique Collection of the
newspapers of William's reign in the British Museum. I have turned over
every page of that Collection. It is strange that neither Luttrell nor
Evelyn should have noticed the first appearance of the new journals. The
earliest mention of those journals which I have found, is in a
despatch of L'Hermitage, dated July 12/22, 1695. I will transcribe his
words:--"Depuis quelque tems on imprime ici plusieurs feuilles volantes
en forme de gazette, qui sont remplies de toutes series de nouvelles.
Cette licence est venue de ce que le parlement n'a pas acheve le bill
ou projet d'acte qui avoit ete porte dans la Chambre des Communes pour
regler l'imprimerie et empecher que ces sortes de choses n'arrivassent.
Il n'y avoit ci-devant qu'un des commis des Secretaires d'Etat qui eut
le pouvoir de faire des gazettes: mais aujourdhui il s'en fait plusieurs
sons d'autres noms. " L'Hermitage mentions the paragraph reflecting on
the Princess, and the submission of the libeller. ]
[Footnote 617: L'Hermitage, Oct. 15/25. , Nov. 15/25. 1695. ]
[Footnote 618: London Gazette, Oct. 24. 1695. See Evelyn's Account of
Newmarket in 1671, and Pepys, July 18. 1668. From Tallard's despatches
written after the Peace of Ryswick it appears that the autumn meetings
were not less numerous or splendid in the days of William than in those
of his uncles. ]
[Footnote 619: I have taken this account of William's progress chiefly
from the London Gazettes, from the despatches of L'Hermitage, from
Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, and from the letters of Vernon, Yard and
Cartwright among the Lexington Papers. ]
[Footnote 620: See the letter of Yard to Lexington, November 8.
1695,
and the note by the editor of the Lexington Papers. ]
[Footnote 621: L'Hermitage, Nov. 15/25. 1695. ]
[Footnote 622: L'Hermitage Oct 25/Nov 4 Oct 29/Nov 8 1695. ]
[Footnote 623: Ibid. Nov. 5/15 1695. ]
[Footnote 624: L'Hermitage, Nov. 15/25 1695; Sir James Forbes to Lady
Russell, Oct. 3. 1695; Lady Russell to Lord Edward Russell; The Postman,
Nov. 1695. ]
[Footnote 625: There is a highly curious account of this contest in the
despatches of L'Hermitage. ]
[Footnote 626: Postman, Dec. 15. 17. 1696; Vernon to Shrewsbury, Dec.
13. 15. ; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; Burnet, i. 647. ; Saint Evremond's
Verses to Hampden. ]
[Footnote 627: L'Hermitage, Nov. 13/23. 1695. ]
[Footnote 628: I have derived much valuable information on this subject
from a MS. in the British Museum, Lansdowne Collection, No. 801. It
is entitled Brief Memoires relating to the Silver and Gold Coins of
England, with an Account of the Corruption of the Hammered Money, and of
the Reform by the late Grand Coinage at the Tower and the Country Mints,
by Hopton Haynes, Assay Master of the Mint. ]
[Footnote 629: Stat. 5 Eliz. c. ii. , and 18 Eliz. c. 1]
[Footnote 630: Pepys's Diary, November 23. 1663. ]
[Footnote 631: The first writer who noticed the fact that, where good
money and bad money are thown into circulation together, the bad money
drives out the good money, was Aristophanes. He seems to have thought
that the preference which his fellow citizens gave to light coins was to
be attributed to a depraved taste such as led them to entrust men like
Cleon and Hyperbolus with the conduct of great affairs. But, though his
political economy will not bear examination, his verses are excellent:--
pollakis g' emin edoksen e polis peponthenai
tauton es te ton politon tous kalous te kagathous
es te tarkhaion nomisma Kai to kainon khrusion.
oute gar toutoisin ousin ou kekibdeleumenios
alla kallistois apanton, us dokei, nomismaton,
kai monois orthos kopeisi, kai kekodonismenois
en te tois Ellisim kai tois barbarioisi pantahkou
khrometh' ouden, alla toutois tois ponerois khalkiois,
khthes te kai proen kopeisi to kakistu kommati.
ton politon th' ous men ismen eugeneis kai sophronas
andras ontas, kai dikaious, kai kalous te kagathous,
kai traphentas en palaistrais, kai khorois kai mousiki
prouseloumen tois de khalkois, kai ksenois, kai purriais,
kai ponerois kak poneron eis apanta khrometha. ]
[Footnote 632: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary is filled with accounts of
these executions. "Le metier de rogneur de monnoye," says L'Hermitage,
"est si lucratif et paroit si facile que, quelque chose qu'on fasse pour
les detruire, il s'en trouve toujours d'autres pour prendre leur place.
Oct 1/11. 1695. "]
[Footnote 633: As to the sympathy of the public with the clippers,
see the very curious sermon which Fleetwood afterwards Bishop of Ely,
preached before the Lord Mayor in December 1694. Fleetwood says that "a
soft pernicious tenderness slackened the care of magistrates, kept back
the under officers, corrupted the juries, and withheld the evidence. " He
mentions the difficulty of convincing the criminals themselves that
they had done wrong. See also a Sermon preached at York Castle by George
Halley, a clergyman of the Cathedral, to some clippers who were to be
hanged the next day. He mentions the impenitent ends which clippers
generally made, and does his best to awaken the consciences of his
bearers. He dwells on one aggravation of their crime which I should not
have thought of. "If," says he, "the same question were to be put in
this age, as of old, 'Whose is this image and superscription? ' we could
not answer the whole. We may guess at the image; but we cannot tell
whose it is by the superscription; for that is all gone. " The testimony
of these two divines is confirmed by that of Tom Brown, who tells a
facetious story, which I do not venture to quote, about a conversation
between the ordinary of Newgate and a clipper. ]
[Footnote 634: Lowndes's Essay for the Amendment of the Silver Coins,
1695. ]
[Footnote 635: L'Hermitage, Nov 29/Dec 9 1695. ]
[Footnote 636: The Memoirs of this Lancashire Quaker were printed a few
years ago in a most respectable newspaper, the Manchester Guardian. ]
[Footnote 637: Lowndes's Essay. ]
[Footnote 638: L'Hermitage, Dec 24/Jan 3 1695. ]
[Footnote 639: It ought always to be remembered, to Adam Smith's honour,
that he was entirely converted by Bentham's Defence of Usury, and
acknowledged, with candour worthy of a true philosopher, that the
doctrine laid down in the Wealth of Nations was erroneous. ]
[Footnote 640: Lowndes's Essay for the Amendment of the Silver Coins;
Locke's Further Considerations concerning raising the Value of Money;
Locke to Molyneux, Nov. 20. 1695; Molyneux to Locke, Dec. 24. 1695. ]
[Footnote 641: Burnet, ii. 147. ]
[Footnote 642: Commons' Journals, Nov. 22, 23. 26. 1695; L'Hermitage,
Nov 26/Dec 6]
[Footnote 643: Commons' Journals, Nov. 26, 27, 28, 29. 1695;
L'Hermitage, Nov 26. /Dec 6 Nov. 29/Dec 9 Dec 3/13]
[Footnote 644: Commons' Journals, Nov. 28, 29. 1695; L'Hermitage, Dec.
3/13]
[Footnote 645: L'Hermitage, Nov 22/Dec 2, Dec 6/16 1695; An Abstract of
the Consultations and Debates between the French King and his Council
concerning the new Coin that is intended to be made in England,
privately sent by a Friend of the Confederates from the French Court
to his Brother at Brussels, Dec. 12. 1695; A Discourse of the General
Notions of Money, Trade and Exchanges, by Mr. Clement of Bristol; A
Letter from an English Merchant at Amsterdam to his Friend in London; A
Fund for preserving and supplying our Coin; An Essay for regulating
the Coin, by A. V. ; A Proposal for supplying His Majesty with
1,200,000L, by mending the Coin, and yet preserving the ancient Standard
of the Kingdom. These are a few of the tracts which were distributed
among members of Parliament at this conjuncture. ]
[Footnote 646: Commons' Journals, Dec. 10. 1695; L'Hermitage, Dec. 3/13
6/16 10/20]
[Footnote 647: Commons' Journals, Dec. 13. 1695. ]
[Footnote 648: Stat. 7 Gul. 3. c. [1]. ; Lords' and Commons' Journals;
L'Hermitage, Dec 31/Jan 10 Jan 7/17 10/20 14/24 1696. L'Hermitage
describes in strong language the extreme inconvenience caused by the
dispute between the Houses:--"La longueur qu'il y a dans cette affaire
est d'autant plus desagreable qu'il n'y a point (le sujet sur lequel le
peuple en general puisse souffrir plus d'incommodite, puisqu'il n'y a
personne qui, a tous moments, n'aye occasion de l'esprouver. )]
[Footnote 649: That Locke was not a party to the attempt to make gold
cheaper by penal laws, I infer from a passage in which he notices
Lowndes's complaints about the high price of guineas. "The only remedy,"
says Locke, "for that mischief, as well as a great many others, is the
putting an end to the passing of clipp'd money by tale. " Locke's Further
Considerations. That the penalty proved, as might have been expected,
inefficacious, appears from several passages in the despatches of
L'Hermitage, and even from Haynes's Brief Memoires, though Haynes was a
devoted adherent of Montague. ]
[Footnote 650: L'Hermitage, Jan 14/24 1696. ]
[Footnote 651: Commons' Journals, Jan. 14. 17. 23. 1696; L'Hermitage,
Jan. 14/24; Gloria Cambriae, or Speech of a Bold Briton against a Dutch
Prince of Wales 1702; Life of the late Honourable Robert Price,
&c. 1734. Price was the bold Briton whose speech--never, I believe,
spoken--was printed in 1702. He would have better deserved to be called
bold, if he had published his impertinence while William was living.
The Life of Price is a miserable performance, full of blunders and
anachronisms. ]
[Footnote 652: L'Hermitage mentions the unfavourable change in the
temper of the Commons; and William alludes to it repeatedly in his
letters to Heinsius, Jan 21/31 1696, Jan 28/Feb 7. ]
[Footnote 653: The gaiety of the Jacobites is said by Van Cleverskirke
to have been noticed during some time; Feb 25/March 6 1696. ]
[Footnote 654: Harris's deposition, March 28. 1696. ]
[Footnote 655: Hunt's deposition. ]
[Footnote 656: Fisher's and Harris's depositions. ]
[Footnote 657: Barclay's narrative, in the Life of James, ii. 548. ;
Paper by Charnock among the MSS. in the Bodleian Library. ]
[Footnote 658: Harris's deposition. ]
[Footnote 659: Ibid. Bernardi's autobiography is not at all to be
trusted. ]
[Footnote 660: See his trial. ]
[Footnote 661: Fisher's deposition; Knightley's deposition; Cranburne's
trial; De la Rue's deposition. ]
[Footnote 662: See the trials and depositions. ]
[Footnote 663: L'Hermitage, March 3/13]
[Footnote 664: See Berwick's Memoirs. ]
[Footnote 665: Van Cleverskirke, Feb 25/March 6 1696. I am confident
that no sensible and impartial person, after attentively reading
Berwick's narrative of these transactions and comparing it with the
narrative in the Life of James (ii. 544. ) which is taken, word for word,
from the Original Memoirs, can doubt that James was accessory to the
design of assassination. ]
[Footnote 666: L'Hermitage, March Feb 25/March 6]
[Footnote 667: My account of these events is taken chiefly from
the trials and depositions. See also Burnet, ii. 165, 166, 167, and
Blackmore's True and Impartial History, compiled under the direction of
Shrewsbury and Somers, and Boyer's History of King William III. , 1703. ]
[Footnote 668: Portland to Lexington, March 3/13. 1696; Van
Cleverskirke, Feb 25/Mar 6 L'Hermitage, same date. ]
[Footnote 669: Commons' Journals, Feb. 24 1695. ]
[Footnote 670: England's Enemies Exposed, 1701. ]
[Footnote 671: Commons' Journals, Feb. 24. 1695/6. ]
[Footnote 672: Ibid. Feb. 25. 1695/6; Van Cleverskirke, Feb 28/March 9;
L'Hermitage, of the same date. ]
[Footnote 673: According to L'Hermitage, Feb 27/Mar 8,there were two of
these fortunate hackney coachmen. A shrewd and vigilant hackney coachman
indeed was from the nature of his calling, very likely to be successful
in this sort of chase. The newspapers abound with proofs of the general
enthusiasm. ]
[Footnote 674: Postman March 5. 1695/6]
[Footnote 675: Ibid. Feb. 29. , March 2. , March 12. , March 14. 1695/6. ]
[Footnote 676: Postman, March 12. 1696; Vernon to Lexington, March 13;
Van Cleverskirke, March 13/23 The proceedings are fully reported in the
Collection of State Trials. ]
[Footnote 677: Burnet, ii. 171. ; The Present Disposition of England
considered; The answer entitled England's Enemies Exposed, 1701;
L'Hermitage, March 17/27. 1696. L'Hermitage says, "Charnock a fait des
grandes instances pour avoir sa grace, et a offert de tout declarer:
mais elle lui a este refusee. "]
[Footnote 678: L'Hermitage, March 17/27]
[Footnote 679: This most curious paper is among the Nairne MSS. in the
Bodleian Library. A short, and not perfectly ingenuous abstract of it
will be found in the Life of James, ii. 555. Why Macpherson, who has
printed many less interesting documents did not choose to print this
document, it is easy to guess. I will transcribe two or three important
sentences. "It may reasonably be presumed that what, in one juncture His
Majesty had rejected he might in another accept, when his own and the
public good necessarily required it. For I could not understand it in
such a manner as if he had given a general prohibition that at no time
the Prince of Orange should be touched. . . Nobody that believes His
Majesty to be lawful King of England can doubt but that in virtue of his
commission to levy war against the Prince of Orange and his adherents,
the setting upon his person is justifiable, as well by the laws of the
land duly interpreted and explained as by the law of God. "]
[Footnote 680: The trials of Friend and Parkyns will be found,
excellently reported, among the State Trials. ]
[Footnote 681: L'Hermitage, April 3/13 1696. ]
[Footnote 682: Commons' Journals, April 1, 2. 1696; L'Hermitage, April
3/13. 1696; Van Cleverskirke, of the same date. ]
[Footnote 683: L'Hermitage, April 7/17. 1696. The Declaration of the
Bishops, Collier's Defence, and Further Defence, and a long legal
argument for Cook and Snatt will be found in the Collection of State
Trials. ]
[Footnote 684: See the Manhunter, 1690. ]
[Footnote 685: State Trials. ]
[Footnote 686: The best, indeed the only good, account of these debates
is given by L'Hermitage, Feb 28/March 9 1696. He says, very truly; "La
difference n'est qu'une dispute de mots, le droit qu'on a a une chose
selon les loix estant aussy bon qu'il puisse estre. "]
[Footnote 687: See the London Gazettes during several weeks;
L'Hermitage, March 24/April 3 April 14/24. 1696; Postman, April 9 25 30]
[Footnote 688: Journals of the Commons and Lords; L'Hermitage, April
7/17 10/20 1696. ]
[Footnote 689: See the Freeholder's Plea against Stockjobbing Elections
of Parliament Men, and the Considerations upon Corrupt Elections of
Members to serve in Parliament. Both these pamphlets were published in
1701. ]
[Footnote 690: The history of this bill will be found in the Journals
of the Commons, and in a very interesting despatch of L'Hermitage, April
14/24 1696. ]
[Footnote 691: The Act is 7 & 8 Will. 3. c.
