,
Professor of English in the Sheffield Scientific School of
YALE UNIVERSITY, New Haven, Conn.
Professor of English in the Sheffield Scientific School of
YALE UNIVERSITY, New Haven, Conn.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v21 - Rab to Rus
This file was downloaded from HathiTrust Digital Library.
Find more books at https://www. hathitrust. org.
Title: Library of the world's best literature, ancient and modern;
Charles Dudley Warner, editor; Hamilton Wright Mabie, Lucia
Gilbert Runkle, George H. Warner, associate editors . . .
Publisher: New York, R. S. Peale and J. A. Hill [c1896-97]
Copyright:
Public Domain, Google-digitized
http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
We have determined this work to be in the public domain, meaning that it is
not subject to copyright. Users are free to copy, use, and redistribute the
work in part or in whole. It is possible that current copyright holders,
heirs or the estate of the authors of individual portions of the work, such
as illustrations or photographs, assert copyrights over these portions.
Depending on the nature of subsequent use that is made, additional rights
may need to be obtained independently of anything we can address. The
digital images and OCR of this work were produced by Google, Inc.
(indicated by a watermark on each page in the PageTurner). Google requests
that the images and OCR not be re-hosted, redistributed or used
commercially. The images are provided for educational, scholarly,
non-commercial purposes.
Find this book online: https://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. 32044094449840
This file has been created from the computer-extracted text of scanned page
images. Computer-extracted text may have errors, such as misspellings,
unusual characters, odd spacing and line breaks.
Original from: Harvard University
Digitized by: Google
Generated at University of Chicago on 2023-04-19 01:37 GMT
## p. 11967 (#1) ############################################
## p. 11968 (#2) ############################################
Lit 2020. 18
VERI
STAS
Harvard College Library
FROM
the library of
Charles Swain. Thomas. . .
## p. 11969 (#3) ############################################
## p. 11970 (#4) ############################################
## p. 11971 (#5) ############################################
## p. 11972 (#6) ############################################
Lit 2020. 1?
VEL RI
TAS
Harvard College Library
FROM
the library of
Charles Swain. Thomas. . . . . . .
## p. 11973 (#7) ############################################
## p. 11974 (#8) ############################################
1
I
1
## p. 11975 (#9) ############################################
## p. 11976 (#10) ###########################################
## p. 11977 (#11) ###########################################
3
## p. 11978 (#12) ###########################################
## p. 11979 (#13) ###########################################
## p. 11980 (#14) ###########################################
ன
D
JOHN RUSKIN.
on
S
30
---
## p. 11981 (#15) ###########################################
T
}.
CA
## p. 11982 (#16) ###########################################
-7
## p. 11983 (#17) ###########################################
LIBRARY
OF THE
WORLD'S BEST LITERATURE
Ancient and Modern
CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER
EDITOR
HAMILTON WRIGHT MABIE, LUCIA GILBERT RUNKLE,
GEORGE H. WARNER
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
•
THIRTY VOLUMES
VOL. XXI
NEW YORK
R. S. PEALE AND J. A. HILL
PUBLISHERS
## p. 11984 (#18) ###########################################
iz
HARVARD
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
COPYRIGHT 1897
BY R. S. PEALE AND J. A. HILL
•
All rights reserved
WERNER COMPANY
PRINTERS
BINDERS
## p. 11985 (#19) ###########################################
THE ADVISORY COUNCIL
CRAWFORD H. TOY, A. M. , LL. D. ,
Professor of Hebrew, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Cambridge, Mass.
THOMAS R. LOUNSBURY, LL. D. , L. H. D. ,
Professor of English in the Sheffield Scientific School of
YALE UNIVERSITY, New Haven, Conn.
WILLIAM M. SLOANE, PH. D. , L. H. D. ,
Professor of History and Political Science,
BRANDER MATTHEWS, A. M. , LL. B. ,
Professor of Literature, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, New York City.
JAMES B. ANGELL, LL. D. ,
President of the
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, Princeton, N. J.
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Ann Arbor, Mich.
WILLARD FISKE, A. M. , PH. D. ,
Late Professor of the Germanic and Scandinavian Languages
and Literatures,
CORNELL UNIVERSITY, Ithaca, N. Y.
EDWARD S. HOLDEN, A. M. , LL. D. ,
Director of the Lick Observatory, and Astronomer,
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, Berkeley, Cal.
ALCÉE FORTIER, LIT. D. ,
Professor of the Romance Languages,
TULANE UNIVERSITY, New Orleans, La.
WILLIAM P. TRENT, M. A. ,
Dean of the Department of Arts and Sciences, and Professor of
English and History,
UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTH, Sewanee, Tenn.
PAUL SHOREY, PH. D. ,
Professor of Greek and Latin Literature,
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, Chicago, Ill.
WILLIAM T. HARRIS, LL. D. ,
United States Commissioner of Education,
Bureau of EDUCATION, Washington, D. C.
MAURICE FRANCIS EGAN, A. M. , LL. D. ,.
Professor of Literature in the
CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, Washington, D. C.
## p. 11986 (#20) ###########################################
## p. 11987 (#21) ###########################################
FRANÇOIS RABELAIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
JEAN RACINE
VOLUME XXI
BY HENRY BÉRENGER
The Childhood of Gargantua (Besant's 'Readings from
Rabelais')
The Education of Gargantua (same)
The Abbey of Thelema (same)
LIVED
1495-1553
ALFRED RAMBAUD
1639-1699
BY FREDERICK MORRIS WARREN
The Rivals (Bajazet')
The Appeal of Andromache (Andromaque')
The Confession of Phædra ((Phèdre')
1842-
Halting Steps toward Democracy (History of Civilization
in France')
French Governmental Experiments (History of Contem-
porary Civilization in France')
Russian Expansion West and South (General History'):
The Greek Project of Catharine II. ; Poland and Kos-
ciuszko
Benefits to Germany from French Invasions (Germany
under Napoleon, 1804-1811')
PAGE
I 2001
Civil Life in France during the Middle Ages (History of
French Civilization')
French Medical Science during the Middle Ages (same)
The Middle Ages (same): Character of their Civilization;
The Close of the Middle Ages
12027
12041
## p. 11988 (#22) ###########################################
ALLAN RAMSAY
The Gentle Shepherd
Bessy Bell and Mary Gray
Lochaber No More
LEOPOLD VON RANKE
1
THOMAS BUCHANAN READ
Drifting
Sheridan's Ride
The Fall of Strafford (History of England')
The Rise of the Jesuits in Germany (History of the
Popes of Rome')
The Last Years of Queen Johanna (History of the Latin
and Teutonic Nations')
The Swiss Army in Italy in 1513: and the Battle of No-
vara (same)
From The History of the Latin and Teutonic Nations'
CHARLES READE
vi
LIVED
1686-1758
ERNEST RENAN
An Thou were My Ain Thing
A Sang
The Highland Lassie
1795-1886
1814-1884
Viscount and Lower Classes (Christie Johnstone')
In the Green-Room (Peg Woffington')
FRITZ REUTER
1822-1872
The Closing Scene
Inez
Extract from a Sixteenth-Century Letter (The Cloister
and the Hearth')
Monk and Father (same)
1823-1892
BY FERDINAND BRUNETIÈRE
Brother and Sister (My Sister Henriette')
To the Pure Soul of My Sister Henriette (Dedication to
the 'Life of Jesus')
Motives and Conduct (Recollections of My Youth')
The Share of the Semitic People in the History of Civili-
zation (Inaugural Address on Assuming the Chair of
Semitic Languages)
The Persistence of the Celtic Race (La Poésie des Races
Celtiques')
1810-1874
The Old Parson's Death (My Apprenticeship on
Farm')
The Miller and the Justice ('In the Year '13')
PAGE
12061
the
12074
12094
12103
12149
12195
## p. 11989 (#23) ###########################################
vii
JAMES FORD RHODES
1848-
Daniel Webster (History of the United States')
Webster's Death (same)
Improvement in American Health (same)
American Manners in 1850 (same)
SAMUEL RICHARDSON
JEAN PAUL RICHTER
1689-1761
Pamela Immured by her Lover ('Pamela')
Miss Byron's Rescue from Abduction, by Sir Charles
Grandison (Sir Charles Grandison')
JAMES WHITCOMB RILEY
Away
When She Comes Home
A Life Lesson
ANNE THACKERAY RITCHIE
BY E. P. EVANS
Extra Leaf on Consolation (Flower, Fruit, and Thorn
Pieces')
The New-Year's Night of a Miserable Man
From First Flower Piece'
Maxims from Richter's Works
LIVED
Memoirs')
My Father's Mother (same)
Bricks and Ivy ('Old Kensington')
Dutch Tiles (same)
CHARLES G. D. ROBERTS
Strayed
The Unsleeping
An Epitaph for a Husband-
man
1763-1825
1838-
My Witch's-Caldron (Chapters from Some Unwritten
1852-
A Song
Nothin' to Say
Knee-Deep in June.
FREDERICK WILLIAM ROBERTSON
1860-
The Little Field of Peace
Marsyas
The Flight of the Geese
Beside the Winter Sea
The Deserted City
1816-1853
The Early Development of Christ (Sermons Preached in
Trinity Chapel')
The Universal Nature of Christ (same)
PAGE
12206
12225
12247
12265
12273
12295
12305
## p. 11990 (#24) ###########################################
AGNES MARY FRANCES ROBINSON
Tuscan Cypress
ÉDOUARD ROD
viii
LA ROCHEFOUCAULD
Maxims
Reflections: On Society; On Conversation
Marriage (The Sense of Life')
Paternity (same)
Red May
BY GRACE KING
ROMAN POETS OF THE LATER EMPIRE
PIERRE RONSARD
1857-
LIVED
SAMUEL ROGERS
Ginevra
From the Pleasures of Memory': Opening Lines; Clos-
ing Lines
From
Table-Talk'
1613-1686
Sonnet: To Angelette
His Lady's Tomb
Roses
To Cassandra
1857-
1763-1855
BY HARRIET WATERS PRESTON
Annius Florus: Roses
The Emperor Hadrian: To his Soul
From the 'Pervigilium Veneris (Author Unknown)
Calpurnius Siculus: The Rustic in the Amphitheatre
Decimus Magnus Ausonius: Idyll of the Roses; A Mother's
Epitaph
Claudius Claudianus: The Bereavement of Ceres (Rape
of Proserpine'); Invocation to Victory (Consulate of
Stilicho ')
Claudius Rutilius Numatianus: Prologue to the 'Itinera-
rium'
Anicius Severinus Boëthius: The Government of the
World (Consolation of Philosophy'); The Hymn of
Philosophy (same)
BY KATHARINE HILLARD
1524-1585
Song: To Marie
A Madrigal: To Astræa
Good Counsel
Ronsard to his Mistress
PAGE
12315
12320
12335
12345
12357
12373
A
## p. 11991 (#25) ###########################################
ix
THEODORE ROOSEVELT
CHRISTINA GEORGINA ROSSETTI
1858-
The Indians of the Northwest (Winning of the West')
Backwoodsmen and Other Early Types (same)
Hope is Like a Harebell
Dream-Land
A Birthday
Remember
After Death
Echo
Song
Rest
BY WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE
DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI
Whitsun Eve
Heaven Overarches
The Heart Knoweth its Own Bitterness
Sudden Light
The Woodspurge
The Sea-Limits
Up-Hill
The Three Enemies
Old and New Year Dit-
ties
Amor Mundi
Life Hidden
BY WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
1830-1894
The Blessed Damozel
The Double Betrayal (Rose Mary')
The Second-Sight (The King's Tragedy')
The Card-Dealer
LIVED
BY ÉDOUARD ROD
The Cloud Confines
Song of the Bower
Sonnets from The House of Life': Introductory Sonnet;
Lovesight; Known in Vain; The Hill Summit; The
Choice; Lost Days; A Superscription; On Refusal of
Aid between Nations; For 'A Venetian Pastoral' by
Giorgione, in the Louvre.
Foreword (The Social Contract')
The People (same)
From 'Émile >
1828-1882
On the Uses of Travel (same)
In the Isle of St. Peter (Rêveries')
1712-1778
PAGE
12384
12397
12411
12435
15
## p. 11992 (#26) ###########################################
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
The Hour-Glass of Ashes
Amaryllis
Sad Spring (In Memory of
Agnes')
The Sun and the Brook
The Dying Flower
X
Told by a Brahmin
GIOVANNI DOMENICO RUFFINI
The Idyl at a Close ('Dr. Antonio ')
JALAL-AD-DIN RUMI
JOHAN LUDVIG RUNEBERG
JOHN RUSKIN
Nature More than Science
Greediness Punished
The Patriot's Lament
Barbarossa
The Drum
Gone in the Wind
Ensign Stål
The Village Girl (Fänrik
Ståls Sägner')
The Old Man's Return
BY A. V. WILLIAMS JACKSON
The Song of the Reed, or Divine Affections (Masnavi')
The Merchant and the Parrot (same)
The Chinese and Roman Artists; or, the Mirror of the
Heart
LIVED
1788-1866
1807-1881
Counsels
1207-1273
BY WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE
Painting')
The Throne (Stones of Venice')
Description of St. Mark's (same)
1804-1877
The Swan
The Work-Girl
My Life
Idyll
1819-
BY JOHN C. VAN DYKE
On Womanhood (Sesame and Lilies')
The Uses of Ornament ('The Seven Lamps of Architect-
ure')
Landscapes of the Poets (Lectures on Architecture and
Calais Spire (Modern Painters')
The Fribourg District, Switzerland (same)
The Mountain Gloom (same)
Description of Nature (same)
Leaves Motionless (same)
Cloud-Balancings (same)
PAGE
12457
12471
12487
12495
12509
## p. 11993 (#27) ###########################################
xi
WILLIAM CLARK RUSSELL
1844-
A Storm and a Rescue (Wreck of the Grosvenor)
RUSSIAN LYRIC POETRY
LIVED
BY PRINCE SERGE WOLKONSKY
Aleksandr Sergyevich Poushkin (1799-1837): The Black
Shawl; The Rose; To; My Studies; Caucasus;
The Bard; A Monument; Ya Perezhil Svoï Zhelanya;
The Free Life of the Bird; The Angel
Mikhail Yurevich Lermontov (1814-41): The Prisoner; The
Cloud; The Cup of Life; The Angel
M. Y. Nekrassov (1821-77): The Russian Soldier; The
Prophet
Vasili Andreyevich Joukovsky (1783-1852): Happiness in
Slumber; The Coming of Spring; Night
Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov (1779-1840): The Vesper Bells
Fedor Ivanovich Tutchev (1803-73): Spring Waters; Sun-
rise; Evening; The Leaves
Aleksei Stepanovich Homiakoff (1804-1860): Russian Song
Apollon Nikolayvich Maykov (1821-? ): The Easter Kiss;
The Alpine Glacier; The Kiss Refused
Count Aleksei Konstantinovich Tolstoy (1817-75): Believe
It Not; Renewal
Yakov Petrovich Polonsky (1820-? ): On Skobelev
A. Fet (Afanasi Afanasyevich Sheashin) (1820-93): Tryst;
A Russian Scene
Aleksei Nikolaevich Apukhtin (1841-? ): Folk-Songs
Anonymous: Sorrow
PAGE
12563
12583
## p. 11994 (#28) ###########################################
--
## p. 11995 (#29) ###########################################
LIST OF PORTRAITS
IN VOL. XXI
François Rabelais
Jean Racine
Allan Ramsay
Leopold von Ranke
Thomas Buchanan Read
Charles Reade
Ernest Renan
Fritz Reuter
James Ford Rhodes
Samuel Richardson
Jean Paul Richter
James Whitcomb Riley
Anne Thackeray Ritchie
Charles G. D. Roberts
Frederick William Robertson
La Rochefoucauld
Samuel Rogers
Pierre Ronsard
Theodore Roosevelt
Christina Georgina Rossetti
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Friedrich Rückert
Johan Ludvig Runeberg
John Ruskin
William Clark Russell
Full page
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
## p. 11996 (#30) ###########################################
1
1
## p. 11997 (#31) ###########################################
## p. 11998 (#32) ###########################################
RABELAIS.
Cover
0 Groscl
## p. 11999 (#33) ###########################################
i
11'
IFA
17?
1
i.
1
ĭ
Las
1
R.
1.
N
14.
11788
Fast,
## p. 12000 (#34) ###########################################
## p. 12001 (#35) ###########################################
12001
FRANÇOIS RABELAIS
(1495 ? -1553)
BY HENRY BÉRENGER
T
RANÇOIS RABELAIS was born toward the end of the fifteenth
century in 1483 according to some, in 1495 according to
others. The second hypothesis accords better with most
of the important facts of his life. The chronological legend would
have you believe that he was born the same year as Martin Luther.
While Luther, however, was born in a peasant's hut at Eisleben, in
the shadow of the Gothic towers and the forests of dreamy Germany,
François Rabelais was born in an apothecary's shop or the inn of a
publican, at Chinon, on the banks of the sluggish Loire, among the
songs of drinkers which awoke him in his cradle. At the threshold
of the sixteenth century these two powerful and popular geniuses,
both vowed to the monastic state, still half sheathed in the past,
escape from the convent to create the future.
Rabelais studied first at the convent of Seville; then at the con-
vent of the Franciscans of La Baumette, near Angers, where at first
he was novice. In 1509 he went to finish his novitiate at the convent
of Fontenay-le-Comte, where he became priest about 1519, and lived
until 1523.
Thus his early youth was passed among those rich and
gracious landscapes of Touraine, where Honoré de Balzac also was to
be born, and to grow up three centuries later, with the same exuber-
ant and magnificent talents of reason and imagination as his great
elder and compatriot, François Rabelais.
The first convents in which young Rabelais studied were prisons
rather than refuges. The mendicant monks among whom he dwelt
at La Baumette and at Fontenay-le-Comte were ignorant, sensual,
and superstitious beings, who detested the intellectual life.
It was
in such an environment, however, but secretly, that Rabelais acquired
that passion for study which never quitted him. As long as he
studied only Latin and the old French authors, he was unmolested.
But one day they discovered some Greek books in his cell. This
was a case of heresy. The Greek books were confiscated, and Rabe-
lais was forced to flee in order to escape the stake or the oubliettes.
The Pope. Clement VII. , was more liberal than these monks, and
in 1524 he authorized Rabelais to enter the order of St.
,
Professor of English in the Sheffield Scientific School of
YALE UNIVERSITY, New Haven, Conn.
WILLIAM M. SLOANE, PH. D. , L. H. D. ,
Professor of History and Political Science,
BRANDER MATTHEWS, A. M. , LL. B. ,
Professor of Literature, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, New York City.
JAMES B. ANGELL, LL. D. ,
President of the
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, Princeton, N. J.
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Ann Arbor, Mich.
WILLARD FISKE, A. M. , PH. D. ,
Late Professor of the Germanic and Scandinavian Languages
and Literatures,
CORNELL UNIVERSITY, Ithaca, N. Y.
EDWARD S. HOLDEN, A. M. , LL. D. ,
Director of the Lick Observatory, and Astronomer,
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, Berkeley, Cal.
ALCÉE FORTIER, LIT. D. ,
Professor of the Romance Languages,
TULANE UNIVERSITY, New Orleans, La.
WILLIAM P. TRENT, M. A. ,
Dean of the Department of Arts and Sciences, and Professor of
English and History,
UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTH, Sewanee, Tenn.
PAUL SHOREY, PH. D. ,
Professor of Greek and Latin Literature,
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, Chicago, Ill.
WILLIAM T. HARRIS, LL. D. ,
United States Commissioner of Education,
Bureau of EDUCATION, Washington, D. C.
MAURICE FRANCIS EGAN, A. M. , LL. D. ,.
Professor of Literature in the
CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, Washington, D. C.
## p. 11986 (#20) ###########################################
## p. 11987 (#21) ###########################################
FRANÇOIS RABELAIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
JEAN RACINE
VOLUME XXI
BY HENRY BÉRENGER
The Childhood of Gargantua (Besant's 'Readings from
Rabelais')
The Education of Gargantua (same)
The Abbey of Thelema (same)
LIVED
1495-1553
ALFRED RAMBAUD
1639-1699
BY FREDERICK MORRIS WARREN
The Rivals (Bajazet')
The Appeal of Andromache (Andromaque')
The Confession of Phædra ((Phèdre')
1842-
Halting Steps toward Democracy (History of Civilization
in France')
French Governmental Experiments (History of Contem-
porary Civilization in France')
Russian Expansion West and South (General History'):
The Greek Project of Catharine II. ; Poland and Kos-
ciuszko
Benefits to Germany from French Invasions (Germany
under Napoleon, 1804-1811')
PAGE
I 2001
Civil Life in France during the Middle Ages (History of
French Civilization')
French Medical Science during the Middle Ages (same)
The Middle Ages (same): Character of their Civilization;
The Close of the Middle Ages
12027
12041
## p. 11988 (#22) ###########################################
ALLAN RAMSAY
The Gentle Shepherd
Bessy Bell and Mary Gray
Lochaber No More
LEOPOLD VON RANKE
1
THOMAS BUCHANAN READ
Drifting
Sheridan's Ride
The Fall of Strafford (History of England')
The Rise of the Jesuits in Germany (History of the
Popes of Rome')
The Last Years of Queen Johanna (History of the Latin
and Teutonic Nations')
The Swiss Army in Italy in 1513: and the Battle of No-
vara (same)
From The History of the Latin and Teutonic Nations'
CHARLES READE
vi
LIVED
1686-1758
ERNEST RENAN
An Thou were My Ain Thing
A Sang
The Highland Lassie
1795-1886
1814-1884
Viscount and Lower Classes (Christie Johnstone')
In the Green-Room (Peg Woffington')
FRITZ REUTER
1822-1872
The Closing Scene
Inez
Extract from a Sixteenth-Century Letter (The Cloister
and the Hearth')
Monk and Father (same)
1823-1892
BY FERDINAND BRUNETIÈRE
Brother and Sister (My Sister Henriette')
To the Pure Soul of My Sister Henriette (Dedication to
the 'Life of Jesus')
Motives and Conduct (Recollections of My Youth')
The Share of the Semitic People in the History of Civili-
zation (Inaugural Address on Assuming the Chair of
Semitic Languages)
The Persistence of the Celtic Race (La Poésie des Races
Celtiques')
1810-1874
The Old Parson's Death (My Apprenticeship on
Farm')
The Miller and the Justice ('In the Year '13')
PAGE
12061
the
12074
12094
12103
12149
12195
## p. 11989 (#23) ###########################################
vii
JAMES FORD RHODES
1848-
Daniel Webster (History of the United States')
Webster's Death (same)
Improvement in American Health (same)
American Manners in 1850 (same)
SAMUEL RICHARDSON
JEAN PAUL RICHTER
1689-1761
Pamela Immured by her Lover ('Pamela')
Miss Byron's Rescue from Abduction, by Sir Charles
Grandison (Sir Charles Grandison')
JAMES WHITCOMB RILEY
Away
When She Comes Home
A Life Lesson
ANNE THACKERAY RITCHIE
BY E. P. EVANS
Extra Leaf on Consolation (Flower, Fruit, and Thorn
Pieces')
The New-Year's Night of a Miserable Man
From First Flower Piece'
Maxims from Richter's Works
LIVED
Memoirs')
My Father's Mother (same)
Bricks and Ivy ('Old Kensington')
Dutch Tiles (same)
CHARLES G. D. ROBERTS
Strayed
The Unsleeping
An Epitaph for a Husband-
man
1763-1825
1838-
My Witch's-Caldron (Chapters from Some Unwritten
1852-
A Song
Nothin' to Say
Knee-Deep in June.
FREDERICK WILLIAM ROBERTSON
1860-
The Little Field of Peace
Marsyas
The Flight of the Geese
Beside the Winter Sea
The Deserted City
1816-1853
The Early Development of Christ (Sermons Preached in
Trinity Chapel')
The Universal Nature of Christ (same)
PAGE
12206
12225
12247
12265
12273
12295
12305
## p. 11990 (#24) ###########################################
AGNES MARY FRANCES ROBINSON
Tuscan Cypress
ÉDOUARD ROD
viii
LA ROCHEFOUCAULD
Maxims
Reflections: On Society; On Conversation
Marriage (The Sense of Life')
Paternity (same)
Red May
BY GRACE KING
ROMAN POETS OF THE LATER EMPIRE
PIERRE RONSARD
1857-
LIVED
SAMUEL ROGERS
Ginevra
From the Pleasures of Memory': Opening Lines; Clos-
ing Lines
From
Table-Talk'
1613-1686
Sonnet: To Angelette
His Lady's Tomb
Roses
To Cassandra
1857-
1763-1855
BY HARRIET WATERS PRESTON
Annius Florus: Roses
The Emperor Hadrian: To his Soul
From the 'Pervigilium Veneris (Author Unknown)
Calpurnius Siculus: The Rustic in the Amphitheatre
Decimus Magnus Ausonius: Idyll of the Roses; A Mother's
Epitaph
Claudius Claudianus: The Bereavement of Ceres (Rape
of Proserpine'); Invocation to Victory (Consulate of
Stilicho ')
Claudius Rutilius Numatianus: Prologue to the 'Itinera-
rium'
Anicius Severinus Boëthius: The Government of the
World (Consolation of Philosophy'); The Hymn of
Philosophy (same)
BY KATHARINE HILLARD
1524-1585
Song: To Marie
A Madrigal: To Astræa
Good Counsel
Ronsard to his Mistress
PAGE
12315
12320
12335
12345
12357
12373
A
## p. 11991 (#25) ###########################################
ix
THEODORE ROOSEVELT
CHRISTINA GEORGINA ROSSETTI
1858-
The Indians of the Northwest (Winning of the West')
Backwoodsmen and Other Early Types (same)
Hope is Like a Harebell
Dream-Land
A Birthday
Remember
After Death
Echo
Song
Rest
BY WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE
DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI
Whitsun Eve
Heaven Overarches
The Heart Knoweth its Own Bitterness
Sudden Light
The Woodspurge
The Sea-Limits
Up-Hill
The Three Enemies
Old and New Year Dit-
ties
Amor Mundi
Life Hidden
BY WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
1830-1894
The Blessed Damozel
The Double Betrayal (Rose Mary')
The Second-Sight (The King's Tragedy')
The Card-Dealer
LIVED
BY ÉDOUARD ROD
The Cloud Confines
Song of the Bower
Sonnets from The House of Life': Introductory Sonnet;
Lovesight; Known in Vain; The Hill Summit; The
Choice; Lost Days; A Superscription; On Refusal of
Aid between Nations; For 'A Venetian Pastoral' by
Giorgione, in the Louvre.
Foreword (The Social Contract')
The People (same)
From 'Émile >
1828-1882
On the Uses of Travel (same)
In the Isle of St. Peter (Rêveries')
1712-1778
PAGE
12384
12397
12411
12435
15
## p. 11992 (#26) ###########################################
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
The Hour-Glass of Ashes
Amaryllis
Sad Spring (In Memory of
Agnes')
The Sun and the Brook
The Dying Flower
X
Told by a Brahmin
GIOVANNI DOMENICO RUFFINI
The Idyl at a Close ('Dr. Antonio ')
JALAL-AD-DIN RUMI
JOHAN LUDVIG RUNEBERG
JOHN RUSKIN
Nature More than Science
Greediness Punished
The Patriot's Lament
Barbarossa
The Drum
Gone in the Wind
Ensign Stål
The Village Girl (Fänrik
Ståls Sägner')
The Old Man's Return
BY A. V. WILLIAMS JACKSON
The Song of the Reed, or Divine Affections (Masnavi')
The Merchant and the Parrot (same)
The Chinese and Roman Artists; or, the Mirror of the
Heart
LIVED
1788-1866
1807-1881
Counsels
1207-1273
BY WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE
Painting')
The Throne (Stones of Venice')
Description of St. Mark's (same)
1804-1877
The Swan
The Work-Girl
My Life
Idyll
1819-
BY JOHN C. VAN DYKE
On Womanhood (Sesame and Lilies')
The Uses of Ornament ('The Seven Lamps of Architect-
ure')
Landscapes of the Poets (Lectures on Architecture and
Calais Spire (Modern Painters')
The Fribourg District, Switzerland (same)
The Mountain Gloom (same)
Description of Nature (same)
Leaves Motionless (same)
Cloud-Balancings (same)
PAGE
12457
12471
12487
12495
12509
## p. 11993 (#27) ###########################################
xi
WILLIAM CLARK RUSSELL
1844-
A Storm and a Rescue (Wreck of the Grosvenor)
RUSSIAN LYRIC POETRY
LIVED
BY PRINCE SERGE WOLKONSKY
Aleksandr Sergyevich Poushkin (1799-1837): The Black
Shawl; The Rose; To; My Studies; Caucasus;
The Bard; A Monument; Ya Perezhil Svoï Zhelanya;
The Free Life of the Bird; The Angel
Mikhail Yurevich Lermontov (1814-41): The Prisoner; The
Cloud; The Cup of Life; The Angel
M. Y. Nekrassov (1821-77): The Russian Soldier; The
Prophet
Vasili Andreyevich Joukovsky (1783-1852): Happiness in
Slumber; The Coming of Spring; Night
Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov (1779-1840): The Vesper Bells
Fedor Ivanovich Tutchev (1803-73): Spring Waters; Sun-
rise; Evening; The Leaves
Aleksei Stepanovich Homiakoff (1804-1860): Russian Song
Apollon Nikolayvich Maykov (1821-? ): The Easter Kiss;
The Alpine Glacier; The Kiss Refused
Count Aleksei Konstantinovich Tolstoy (1817-75): Believe
It Not; Renewal
Yakov Petrovich Polonsky (1820-? ): On Skobelev
A. Fet (Afanasi Afanasyevich Sheashin) (1820-93): Tryst;
A Russian Scene
Aleksei Nikolaevich Apukhtin (1841-? ): Folk-Songs
Anonymous: Sorrow
PAGE
12563
12583
## p. 11994 (#28) ###########################################
--
## p. 11995 (#29) ###########################################
LIST OF PORTRAITS
IN VOL. XXI
François Rabelais
Jean Racine
Allan Ramsay
Leopold von Ranke
Thomas Buchanan Read
Charles Reade
Ernest Renan
Fritz Reuter
James Ford Rhodes
Samuel Richardson
Jean Paul Richter
James Whitcomb Riley
Anne Thackeray Ritchie
Charles G. D. Roberts
Frederick William Robertson
La Rochefoucauld
Samuel Rogers
Pierre Ronsard
Theodore Roosevelt
Christina Georgina Rossetti
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Friedrich Rückert
Johan Ludvig Runeberg
John Ruskin
William Clark Russell
Full page
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
## p. 11996 (#30) ###########################################
1
1
## p. 11997 (#31) ###########################################
## p. 11998 (#32) ###########################################
RABELAIS.
Cover
0 Groscl
## p. 11999 (#33) ###########################################
i
11'
IFA
17?
1
i.
1
ĭ
Las
1
R.
1.
N
14.
11788
Fast,
## p. 12000 (#34) ###########################################
## p. 12001 (#35) ###########################################
12001
FRANÇOIS RABELAIS
(1495 ? -1553)
BY HENRY BÉRENGER
T
RANÇOIS RABELAIS was born toward the end of the fifteenth
century in 1483 according to some, in 1495 according to
others. The second hypothesis accords better with most
of the important facts of his life. The chronological legend would
have you believe that he was born the same year as Martin Luther.
While Luther, however, was born in a peasant's hut at Eisleben, in
the shadow of the Gothic towers and the forests of dreamy Germany,
François Rabelais was born in an apothecary's shop or the inn of a
publican, at Chinon, on the banks of the sluggish Loire, among the
songs of drinkers which awoke him in his cradle. At the threshold
of the sixteenth century these two powerful and popular geniuses,
both vowed to the monastic state, still half sheathed in the past,
escape from the convent to create the future.
Rabelais studied first at the convent of Seville; then at the con-
vent of the Franciscans of La Baumette, near Angers, where at first
he was novice. In 1509 he went to finish his novitiate at the convent
of Fontenay-le-Comte, where he became priest about 1519, and lived
until 1523.
Thus his early youth was passed among those rich and
gracious landscapes of Touraine, where Honoré de Balzac also was to
be born, and to grow up three centuries later, with the same exuber-
ant and magnificent talents of reason and imagination as his great
elder and compatriot, François Rabelais.
The first convents in which young Rabelais studied were prisons
rather than refuges. The mendicant monks among whom he dwelt
at La Baumette and at Fontenay-le-Comte were ignorant, sensual,
and superstitious beings, who detested the intellectual life.
It was
in such an environment, however, but secretly, that Rabelais acquired
that passion for study which never quitted him. As long as he
studied only Latin and the old French authors, he was unmolested.
But one day they discovered some Greek books in his cell. This
was a case of heresy. The Greek books were confiscated, and Rabe-
lais was forced to flee in order to escape the stake or the oubliettes.
The Pope. Clement VII. , was more liberal than these monks, and
in 1524 he authorized Rabelais to enter the order of St. Benedict.
XXI-751
## p. 12002 (#36) ###########################################
12002
FRANÇOIS RABELAIS
Just at this time he became regular canon of the abbey of Maille-
zais. He remained there only a short time. He then passed to the
secular clergy, and was attached to the household of Guy d'Estissac,
bishop of Maillezais. He seems to have lived there very happily.
Soon afterward the taste for travel seized him. He visited France,
and studied at her chief universities. On the 16th of September, 1530,
we know that he took his first registry at the Faculty of Medicine
of Montpellier. He received all the degrees of that University, and
rapidly achieved a great medical reputation. He was appointed phy-
sician of the great hospital of Lyons in 1532, and exercised that
function until February 1534. During the same period he published
'Gargantua' and the first book of Pantagruel. ' In 1534 he left
Lyons to accompany as physician the bishop of Paris, Jean du Bel-
lay, uncle of Joachim, the celebrated poet of the Pleiade,— who was
sent to Rome as ambassador extraordinary of Francis I. to the Holy
See, from which mission he was to win the cardinal's cap. He
possessed a noble and liberal spirit, and always protected Rabelais
against the rage of his enemies. Rabelais followed him again to
Rome in 1536-1537. Thanks to the protection of the Cardinal du
Bellay, Pope Paul III. granted him absolution for his apostasy (that
is, for his change of costume), and moreover permitted him to be-
come a Benedictine again, and to exercise the profession of medicine.
Strong in these two authorizations, Rabelais took at the Faculty of
Montpellier, where he had been received doctor in 1537, a course
in anatomy. Later he was consulting physician in different cities,-
Narbonne, Castres, and Lyons. His faithful patron, the Cardinal du
Bellay, who was also abbot of St. Maur as well as bishop of Paris,
had him appointed canon of the abbey of St. Maur-les-Fossés. Not
being bound to reside there, he continued to travel. He was in
Poitou; then in his dear native land of Touraine; then again in Pied-
mont with the vice-king Guillaume de Langey (brother of the Cardi-
nal du Bellay), where he continued to act as physician. In 1545 he
obtained from the King, Francis I. , permission to publish the third
book of his work. After the death of the King he was in great
anxiety; for the Cardinal du Bellay was not in favor with the new
King, Henry II. But he found new protectors in the houses of Châ-
tillon and of Lorraine, who recalled him from Metz and from Rome,
where he had gone, in a measure to find refuge. In 1550 he was
allowed to publish his fourth book, which he dedicated to the Cardi-
nal de Châtillon. The same year he was appointed parish priest of
Meudon by Cardinal du Bellay. We do not know whether Rabelais
exercised his priestly functions. Everything indicates that he did,
however, for he possessed a practical spirit desirous of action. But at
the beginning of the year 1552 he resigned his two charges, just as
## p. 12003 (#37) ###########################################
FRANÇOIS RABELAIS
12003
his fourth book appeared. Doubtless he wished to be more independ-
ent, unless he simply quitted these too exacting functions on account
of his health; indeed, he died in 1553. The fifth book of his work,
part of which seems apocryphal, was not published until 1562.
Considering this life as a whole, it appears that of a laborious as
well as daring genius, and of one independent as well as able. Man
of free studies and free pleasures, Rabelais was above all the enemy
of whatever constrained him. Action was life to him. On coming
into the world, he found about him all kinds of fetters: first those
of the convent, then those of the Sorbonne, and later those of Parlia-
ment; finally those of fanatics, both papists and Huguenots. Rabe-
lais never posed as apostle or martyr, but far more as a shrewd and
witty dilettante, whose device, framed by himself, was - Primo vivere,
deinde philosophari. In order to live, he sought protectors. Like Jean
de Meung before him, and Molière after him, he relied upon royalty.
He went to Rome to solicit the Pope. He obtained protection against
the monks from the high dignitaries of the Church. And having
once taken these precautions against the malice and stupidity of sub-
alterns, he composed, at his own leisure and convenience, one of the
most vehement and most revolutionary works ever directed by human
thought against the social institutions among which it struggles.
The work of Rabelais is divided into five books, of which the
first is entitled 'La Vie Très-Horrifique du Grand Gargantua, Père
de Pantagruel' (The Astounding Life of the Great Gargantua, Father
of Pantagruel;; the second, 'Pantagruel, Roi des Dipsodes, avec ses
Faits et Prouesses Épouvantables' (Pantagruel, King of the Drunkards,
with his Heroic Acts and Achievements); while the last three nar-
rate 'Les Faits et Dicts Heroïques du Bon Pantagruel' (The Heroic
Deeds and Sayings of Good Pantagruel). This work was written at
different times during a period of twenty years, and among all kinds
of journeys and occupations, from 1532 to 1553. Therefore those who
look upon it as a work composed once for all, issuing harmoniously
from the artist's brain like Minerva all armed issuing from the
brain of Jupiter, are entirely wrong. It is rather a Gothic monument
like the cathedrals of the same period, to which have been added
one after another a portal, a tower, a gable, a gallery, rose-windows,
gargoyles, with no thought of unity other than that of the general
inspiration. Strange monument built of mud and of marble, bathed
in shadow and in sunshine, decked with a thousand monstrous forms,
with riddles and logogriphs, and upon which the artist has carved
innumerable sacred or grotesque personages, angels, beasts, monks,
maidens, wise men and fools, devils and phantoms! But this monu-
ment is already illuminated by the classic glimmers of the Renais-
sance; rays of ancient wisdom penetrate it, and reveal here and
## p. 12004 (#38) ###########################################
12004
FRANÇOIS RABELAIS
there passages worthy of a place beside the works of Homer, of
Plato, or of Plutarch. The religion of human reason and of natural
beauty ennobles this architecture, apparently so barbarous and mon-
strous.
An encyclopædic genius, stationed on the boundary between
two epochs, two civilizations, and two countries, between the Middle
Ages and the Renaissance, between the north and the south,- Rab-
elais is the heir of the free-singers, of the bold story-tellers and
farce-lovers of past time, from Maître Renart to the Basoche. In this
immense monument still resound all the echoes of the Gallic spirit,
and already vibrates the alarum of the classic spirit. The abbey of
Thélème is vast enough to harbor at one time Plato, St. Paul, Virgil,
Socrates, Jean de Meung, Patelin, François Villon; and also those
macaronic poets of Italy whose unctuous joviality and gigantomachia
had so greatly diverted him during his stay at Rome. Rabelais
combined in his work all these inspirations, as he blended in his
style all the dialects of Picardy, Normandy, Touraine, Champagne,
Provence, etc.
'Gargantua' and 'Pantagruel' are, under a diverting and fantastic
form, the epic of the sixteenth century, as the Iliad and Odyssey
were the epic of ancient Greece; as the 'Divine Comedy' was the
epic of mediæval Catholicism; as the 'Comédie Humaine' of Balzac is
the epic of modern democracy. Châteaubriand was right in defining
Rabelais as "a mother-genius"; for he has conceived and given life
to most of the great French geniuses who followed him. In a tragic
and tumultuous age, filled with public calamities, with the follies of
royal ambition, with the mania for military conquests, with the fury
of intellectual controversies, with the nascent rage for civil wars, with
the Parliament's sentences to death, with the decrees and the fagots
of the Sorbonne, Rabelais attempted to restore his contemporaries to
mental health by making them laugh at their own maladies. The
powerful mocker cast such ridicule upon bad kings (Picrochole), bad
priests (Janotus de Bragmardo), bad magistrates (Grippemihaud, etc. ),
all kinds of fanatics (Coresme-Prenant, Autyrhysis), that he almost
destroyed their infernal power by the mere force of his genial buf-
foonery. And he did not content himself merely with destroying; he
constructed. He was as sublime an idealist as he was a profound,
sometimes coarse, realist. He invented the succession of good kings
(Grangousier, Gargantua, Pantagruel), he created the type of the
good educator (Ponocrates), of the good monk (Brother Jean des
Entommeures), he dreamed the Utopia of the new society, more toler-
ant, more generous, happier than the old; and over the ruins accu-
mulated by his terrible and avenging irony he built the abbey of
Thélème,- that is, of Free Will. On the front he inscribed, "Do
what thou wilt; " thus answering the old cry of the Dominican Izarn
## p. 12005 (#39) ###########################################
FRANÇOIS RABELAIS
12005
at the stake of the Albigeois, "Believe as you do, and you shall be
burned. " Rabelais is a powerful emancipator of modern thought, and
the natural ancestor of the Voltaires and the Diderots.
But he is at the same time a great and incomparable artist. He
had the gift of creating types and the power of creating a language.
A key to Rabelais has been made and remade twenty times: the
commentators have striven to attach a historic name to every char-
acter. According to the usual opinion, Grangousier is Louis XII. ;
Gargantua, Francis I. ; Pantagruel, Henry II. ; Picrochole, either Maxi-
milien Sforza, Ferdinand of Aragon, or Charles V. ; Brother Jean, the
Cardinal du Bellay; Panurge, the Cardinal of Lorraine, or the
author himself. It singularly lessens and lowers Rabelais to reduce
him to the rôle of a contemporary portrait painter; and thus doing,
one understands nothing of the essence or the scope of his work.
The truth is that Rabelais's imagination transformed the matter
upon which it worked, brought out its essential features,- the figures
worthy of preservation, and composed those imperishable types,
mixtures of fancy and truth, which, rooted in their own time, reach
to the most distant future. And Rabelais is not only an epic genius:
he is also the first of the great comic poets of France. Before Cor-
neille and Molière, no author possessed to such a degree the sense
of action, the art of scenic effect, and that of writing dialogue. The
meeting of Pantagruel and the Limousin student, the visit to Ron-
dibilis, the bargain with Dindenant, the consultation of Panurge with
the philosopher Trouillogan, are scenes of the most living comedy.
Finally, his style, like his thought, is magnificent in contrasts,
in exuberance, in fancy and profoundness, lights and shadows. It
has the opulence of Rubens, the irony of Callot, the sublimity of
Rembrandt.
Find more books at https://www. hathitrust. org.
Title: Library of the world's best literature, ancient and modern;
Charles Dudley Warner, editor; Hamilton Wright Mabie, Lucia
Gilbert Runkle, George H. Warner, associate editors . . .
Publisher: New York, R. S. Peale and J. A. Hill [c1896-97]
Copyright:
Public Domain, Google-digitized
http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
We have determined this work to be in the public domain, meaning that it is
not subject to copyright. Users are free to copy, use, and redistribute the
work in part or in whole. It is possible that current copyright holders,
heirs or the estate of the authors of individual portions of the work, such
as illustrations or photographs, assert copyrights over these portions.
Depending on the nature of subsequent use that is made, additional rights
may need to be obtained independently of anything we can address. The
digital images and OCR of this work were produced by Google, Inc.
(indicated by a watermark on each page in the PageTurner). Google requests
that the images and OCR not be re-hosted, redistributed or used
commercially. The images are provided for educational, scholarly,
non-commercial purposes.
Find this book online: https://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. 32044094449840
This file has been created from the computer-extracted text of scanned page
images. Computer-extracted text may have errors, such as misspellings,
unusual characters, odd spacing and line breaks.
Original from: Harvard University
Digitized by: Google
Generated at University of Chicago on 2023-04-19 01:37 GMT
## p. 11967 (#1) ############################################
## p. 11968 (#2) ############################################
Lit 2020. 18
VERI
STAS
Harvard College Library
FROM
the library of
Charles Swain. Thomas. . .
## p. 11969 (#3) ############################################
## p. 11970 (#4) ############################################
## p. 11971 (#5) ############################################
## p. 11972 (#6) ############################################
Lit 2020. 1?
VEL RI
TAS
Harvard College Library
FROM
the library of
Charles Swain. Thomas. . . . . . .
## p. 11973 (#7) ############################################
## p. 11974 (#8) ############################################
1
I
1
## p. 11975 (#9) ############################################
## p. 11976 (#10) ###########################################
## p. 11977 (#11) ###########################################
3
## p. 11978 (#12) ###########################################
## p. 11979 (#13) ###########################################
## p. 11980 (#14) ###########################################
ன
D
JOHN RUSKIN.
on
S
30
---
## p. 11981 (#15) ###########################################
T
}.
CA
## p. 11982 (#16) ###########################################
-7
## p. 11983 (#17) ###########################################
LIBRARY
OF THE
WORLD'S BEST LITERATURE
Ancient and Modern
CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER
EDITOR
HAMILTON WRIGHT MABIE, LUCIA GILBERT RUNKLE,
GEORGE H. WARNER
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
•
THIRTY VOLUMES
VOL. XXI
NEW YORK
R. S. PEALE AND J. A. HILL
PUBLISHERS
## p. 11984 (#18) ###########################################
iz
HARVARD
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
COPYRIGHT 1897
BY R. S. PEALE AND J. A. HILL
•
All rights reserved
WERNER COMPANY
PRINTERS
BINDERS
## p. 11985 (#19) ###########################################
THE ADVISORY COUNCIL
CRAWFORD H. TOY, A. M. , LL. D. ,
Professor of Hebrew, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Cambridge, Mass.
THOMAS R. LOUNSBURY, LL. D. , L. H. D. ,
Professor of English in the Sheffield Scientific School of
YALE UNIVERSITY, New Haven, Conn.
WILLIAM M. SLOANE, PH. D. , L. H. D. ,
Professor of History and Political Science,
BRANDER MATTHEWS, A. M. , LL. B. ,
Professor of Literature, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, New York City.
JAMES B. ANGELL, LL. D. ,
President of the
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, Princeton, N. J.
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Ann Arbor, Mich.
WILLARD FISKE, A. M. , PH. D. ,
Late Professor of the Germanic and Scandinavian Languages
and Literatures,
CORNELL UNIVERSITY, Ithaca, N. Y.
EDWARD S. HOLDEN, A. M. , LL. D. ,
Director of the Lick Observatory, and Astronomer,
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, Berkeley, Cal.
ALCÉE FORTIER, LIT. D. ,
Professor of the Romance Languages,
TULANE UNIVERSITY, New Orleans, La.
WILLIAM P. TRENT, M. A. ,
Dean of the Department of Arts and Sciences, and Professor of
English and History,
UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTH, Sewanee, Tenn.
PAUL SHOREY, PH. D. ,
Professor of Greek and Latin Literature,
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, Chicago, Ill.
WILLIAM T. HARRIS, LL. D. ,
United States Commissioner of Education,
Bureau of EDUCATION, Washington, D. C.
MAURICE FRANCIS EGAN, A. M. , LL. D. ,.
Professor of Literature in the
CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, Washington, D. C.
## p. 11986 (#20) ###########################################
## p. 11987 (#21) ###########################################
FRANÇOIS RABELAIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
JEAN RACINE
VOLUME XXI
BY HENRY BÉRENGER
The Childhood of Gargantua (Besant's 'Readings from
Rabelais')
The Education of Gargantua (same)
The Abbey of Thelema (same)
LIVED
1495-1553
ALFRED RAMBAUD
1639-1699
BY FREDERICK MORRIS WARREN
The Rivals (Bajazet')
The Appeal of Andromache (Andromaque')
The Confession of Phædra ((Phèdre')
1842-
Halting Steps toward Democracy (History of Civilization
in France')
French Governmental Experiments (History of Contem-
porary Civilization in France')
Russian Expansion West and South (General History'):
The Greek Project of Catharine II. ; Poland and Kos-
ciuszko
Benefits to Germany from French Invasions (Germany
under Napoleon, 1804-1811')
PAGE
I 2001
Civil Life in France during the Middle Ages (History of
French Civilization')
French Medical Science during the Middle Ages (same)
The Middle Ages (same): Character of their Civilization;
The Close of the Middle Ages
12027
12041
## p. 11988 (#22) ###########################################
ALLAN RAMSAY
The Gentle Shepherd
Bessy Bell and Mary Gray
Lochaber No More
LEOPOLD VON RANKE
1
THOMAS BUCHANAN READ
Drifting
Sheridan's Ride
The Fall of Strafford (History of England')
The Rise of the Jesuits in Germany (History of the
Popes of Rome')
The Last Years of Queen Johanna (History of the Latin
and Teutonic Nations')
The Swiss Army in Italy in 1513: and the Battle of No-
vara (same)
From The History of the Latin and Teutonic Nations'
CHARLES READE
vi
LIVED
1686-1758
ERNEST RENAN
An Thou were My Ain Thing
A Sang
The Highland Lassie
1795-1886
1814-1884
Viscount and Lower Classes (Christie Johnstone')
In the Green-Room (Peg Woffington')
FRITZ REUTER
1822-1872
The Closing Scene
Inez
Extract from a Sixteenth-Century Letter (The Cloister
and the Hearth')
Monk and Father (same)
1823-1892
BY FERDINAND BRUNETIÈRE
Brother and Sister (My Sister Henriette')
To the Pure Soul of My Sister Henriette (Dedication to
the 'Life of Jesus')
Motives and Conduct (Recollections of My Youth')
The Share of the Semitic People in the History of Civili-
zation (Inaugural Address on Assuming the Chair of
Semitic Languages)
The Persistence of the Celtic Race (La Poésie des Races
Celtiques')
1810-1874
The Old Parson's Death (My Apprenticeship on
Farm')
The Miller and the Justice ('In the Year '13')
PAGE
12061
the
12074
12094
12103
12149
12195
## p. 11989 (#23) ###########################################
vii
JAMES FORD RHODES
1848-
Daniel Webster (History of the United States')
Webster's Death (same)
Improvement in American Health (same)
American Manners in 1850 (same)
SAMUEL RICHARDSON
JEAN PAUL RICHTER
1689-1761
Pamela Immured by her Lover ('Pamela')
Miss Byron's Rescue from Abduction, by Sir Charles
Grandison (Sir Charles Grandison')
JAMES WHITCOMB RILEY
Away
When She Comes Home
A Life Lesson
ANNE THACKERAY RITCHIE
BY E. P. EVANS
Extra Leaf on Consolation (Flower, Fruit, and Thorn
Pieces')
The New-Year's Night of a Miserable Man
From First Flower Piece'
Maxims from Richter's Works
LIVED
Memoirs')
My Father's Mother (same)
Bricks and Ivy ('Old Kensington')
Dutch Tiles (same)
CHARLES G. D. ROBERTS
Strayed
The Unsleeping
An Epitaph for a Husband-
man
1763-1825
1838-
My Witch's-Caldron (Chapters from Some Unwritten
1852-
A Song
Nothin' to Say
Knee-Deep in June.
FREDERICK WILLIAM ROBERTSON
1860-
The Little Field of Peace
Marsyas
The Flight of the Geese
Beside the Winter Sea
The Deserted City
1816-1853
The Early Development of Christ (Sermons Preached in
Trinity Chapel')
The Universal Nature of Christ (same)
PAGE
12206
12225
12247
12265
12273
12295
12305
## p. 11990 (#24) ###########################################
AGNES MARY FRANCES ROBINSON
Tuscan Cypress
ÉDOUARD ROD
viii
LA ROCHEFOUCAULD
Maxims
Reflections: On Society; On Conversation
Marriage (The Sense of Life')
Paternity (same)
Red May
BY GRACE KING
ROMAN POETS OF THE LATER EMPIRE
PIERRE RONSARD
1857-
LIVED
SAMUEL ROGERS
Ginevra
From the Pleasures of Memory': Opening Lines; Clos-
ing Lines
From
Table-Talk'
1613-1686
Sonnet: To Angelette
His Lady's Tomb
Roses
To Cassandra
1857-
1763-1855
BY HARRIET WATERS PRESTON
Annius Florus: Roses
The Emperor Hadrian: To his Soul
From the 'Pervigilium Veneris (Author Unknown)
Calpurnius Siculus: The Rustic in the Amphitheatre
Decimus Magnus Ausonius: Idyll of the Roses; A Mother's
Epitaph
Claudius Claudianus: The Bereavement of Ceres (Rape
of Proserpine'); Invocation to Victory (Consulate of
Stilicho ')
Claudius Rutilius Numatianus: Prologue to the 'Itinera-
rium'
Anicius Severinus Boëthius: The Government of the
World (Consolation of Philosophy'); The Hymn of
Philosophy (same)
BY KATHARINE HILLARD
1524-1585
Song: To Marie
A Madrigal: To Astræa
Good Counsel
Ronsard to his Mistress
PAGE
12315
12320
12335
12345
12357
12373
A
## p. 11991 (#25) ###########################################
ix
THEODORE ROOSEVELT
CHRISTINA GEORGINA ROSSETTI
1858-
The Indians of the Northwest (Winning of the West')
Backwoodsmen and Other Early Types (same)
Hope is Like a Harebell
Dream-Land
A Birthday
Remember
After Death
Echo
Song
Rest
BY WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE
DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI
Whitsun Eve
Heaven Overarches
The Heart Knoweth its Own Bitterness
Sudden Light
The Woodspurge
The Sea-Limits
Up-Hill
The Three Enemies
Old and New Year Dit-
ties
Amor Mundi
Life Hidden
BY WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
1830-1894
The Blessed Damozel
The Double Betrayal (Rose Mary')
The Second-Sight (The King's Tragedy')
The Card-Dealer
LIVED
BY ÉDOUARD ROD
The Cloud Confines
Song of the Bower
Sonnets from The House of Life': Introductory Sonnet;
Lovesight; Known in Vain; The Hill Summit; The
Choice; Lost Days; A Superscription; On Refusal of
Aid between Nations; For 'A Venetian Pastoral' by
Giorgione, in the Louvre.
Foreword (The Social Contract')
The People (same)
From 'Émile >
1828-1882
On the Uses of Travel (same)
In the Isle of St. Peter (Rêveries')
1712-1778
PAGE
12384
12397
12411
12435
15
## p. 11992 (#26) ###########################################
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
The Hour-Glass of Ashes
Amaryllis
Sad Spring (In Memory of
Agnes')
The Sun and the Brook
The Dying Flower
X
Told by a Brahmin
GIOVANNI DOMENICO RUFFINI
The Idyl at a Close ('Dr. Antonio ')
JALAL-AD-DIN RUMI
JOHAN LUDVIG RUNEBERG
JOHN RUSKIN
Nature More than Science
Greediness Punished
The Patriot's Lament
Barbarossa
The Drum
Gone in the Wind
Ensign Stål
The Village Girl (Fänrik
Ståls Sägner')
The Old Man's Return
BY A. V. WILLIAMS JACKSON
The Song of the Reed, or Divine Affections (Masnavi')
The Merchant and the Parrot (same)
The Chinese and Roman Artists; or, the Mirror of the
Heart
LIVED
1788-1866
1807-1881
Counsels
1207-1273
BY WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE
Painting')
The Throne (Stones of Venice')
Description of St. Mark's (same)
1804-1877
The Swan
The Work-Girl
My Life
Idyll
1819-
BY JOHN C. VAN DYKE
On Womanhood (Sesame and Lilies')
The Uses of Ornament ('The Seven Lamps of Architect-
ure')
Landscapes of the Poets (Lectures on Architecture and
Calais Spire (Modern Painters')
The Fribourg District, Switzerland (same)
The Mountain Gloom (same)
Description of Nature (same)
Leaves Motionless (same)
Cloud-Balancings (same)
PAGE
12457
12471
12487
12495
12509
## p. 11993 (#27) ###########################################
xi
WILLIAM CLARK RUSSELL
1844-
A Storm and a Rescue (Wreck of the Grosvenor)
RUSSIAN LYRIC POETRY
LIVED
BY PRINCE SERGE WOLKONSKY
Aleksandr Sergyevich Poushkin (1799-1837): The Black
Shawl; The Rose; To; My Studies; Caucasus;
The Bard; A Monument; Ya Perezhil Svoï Zhelanya;
The Free Life of the Bird; The Angel
Mikhail Yurevich Lermontov (1814-41): The Prisoner; The
Cloud; The Cup of Life; The Angel
M. Y. Nekrassov (1821-77): The Russian Soldier; The
Prophet
Vasili Andreyevich Joukovsky (1783-1852): Happiness in
Slumber; The Coming of Spring; Night
Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov (1779-1840): The Vesper Bells
Fedor Ivanovich Tutchev (1803-73): Spring Waters; Sun-
rise; Evening; The Leaves
Aleksei Stepanovich Homiakoff (1804-1860): Russian Song
Apollon Nikolayvich Maykov (1821-? ): The Easter Kiss;
The Alpine Glacier; The Kiss Refused
Count Aleksei Konstantinovich Tolstoy (1817-75): Believe
It Not; Renewal
Yakov Petrovich Polonsky (1820-? ): On Skobelev
A. Fet (Afanasi Afanasyevich Sheashin) (1820-93): Tryst;
A Russian Scene
Aleksei Nikolaevich Apukhtin (1841-? ): Folk-Songs
Anonymous: Sorrow
PAGE
12563
12583
## p. 11994 (#28) ###########################################
--
## p. 11995 (#29) ###########################################
LIST OF PORTRAITS
IN VOL. XXI
François Rabelais
Jean Racine
Allan Ramsay
Leopold von Ranke
Thomas Buchanan Read
Charles Reade
Ernest Renan
Fritz Reuter
James Ford Rhodes
Samuel Richardson
Jean Paul Richter
James Whitcomb Riley
Anne Thackeray Ritchie
Charles G. D. Roberts
Frederick William Robertson
La Rochefoucauld
Samuel Rogers
Pierre Ronsard
Theodore Roosevelt
Christina Georgina Rossetti
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Friedrich Rückert
Johan Ludvig Runeberg
John Ruskin
William Clark Russell
Full page
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
## p. 11996 (#30) ###########################################
1
1
## p. 11997 (#31) ###########################################
## p. 11998 (#32) ###########################################
RABELAIS.
Cover
0 Groscl
## p. 11999 (#33) ###########################################
i
11'
IFA
17?
1
i.
1
ĭ
Las
1
R.
1.
N
14.
11788
Fast,
## p. 12000 (#34) ###########################################
## p. 12001 (#35) ###########################################
12001
FRANÇOIS RABELAIS
(1495 ? -1553)
BY HENRY BÉRENGER
T
RANÇOIS RABELAIS was born toward the end of the fifteenth
century in 1483 according to some, in 1495 according to
others. The second hypothesis accords better with most
of the important facts of his life. The chronological legend would
have you believe that he was born the same year as Martin Luther.
While Luther, however, was born in a peasant's hut at Eisleben, in
the shadow of the Gothic towers and the forests of dreamy Germany,
François Rabelais was born in an apothecary's shop or the inn of a
publican, at Chinon, on the banks of the sluggish Loire, among the
songs of drinkers which awoke him in his cradle. At the threshold
of the sixteenth century these two powerful and popular geniuses,
both vowed to the monastic state, still half sheathed in the past,
escape from the convent to create the future.
Rabelais studied first at the convent of Seville; then at the con-
vent of the Franciscans of La Baumette, near Angers, where at first
he was novice. In 1509 he went to finish his novitiate at the convent
of Fontenay-le-Comte, where he became priest about 1519, and lived
until 1523.
Thus his early youth was passed among those rich and
gracious landscapes of Touraine, where Honoré de Balzac also was to
be born, and to grow up three centuries later, with the same exuber-
ant and magnificent talents of reason and imagination as his great
elder and compatriot, François Rabelais.
The first convents in which young Rabelais studied were prisons
rather than refuges. The mendicant monks among whom he dwelt
at La Baumette and at Fontenay-le-Comte were ignorant, sensual,
and superstitious beings, who detested the intellectual life.
It was
in such an environment, however, but secretly, that Rabelais acquired
that passion for study which never quitted him. As long as he
studied only Latin and the old French authors, he was unmolested.
But one day they discovered some Greek books in his cell. This
was a case of heresy. The Greek books were confiscated, and Rabe-
lais was forced to flee in order to escape the stake or the oubliettes.
The Pope. Clement VII. , was more liberal than these monks, and
in 1524 he authorized Rabelais to enter the order of St.
,
Professor of English in the Sheffield Scientific School of
YALE UNIVERSITY, New Haven, Conn.
WILLIAM M. SLOANE, PH. D. , L. H. D. ,
Professor of History and Political Science,
BRANDER MATTHEWS, A. M. , LL. B. ,
Professor of Literature, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, New York City.
JAMES B. ANGELL, LL. D. ,
President of the
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, Princeton, N. J.
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Ann Arbor, Mich.
WILLARD FISKE, A. M. , PH. D. ,
Late Professor of the Germanic and Scandinavian Languages
and Literatures,
CORNELL UNIVERSITY, Ithaca, N. Y.
EDWARD S. HOLDEN, A. M. , LL. D. ,
Director of the Lick Observatory, and Astronomer,
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, Berkeley, Cal.
ALCÉE FORTIER, LIT. D. ,
Professor of the Romance Languages,
TULANE UNIVERSITY, New Orleans, La.
WILLIAM P. TRENT, M. A. ,
Dean of the Department of Arts and Sciences, and Professor of
English and History,
UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTH, Sewanee, Tenn.
PAUL SHOREY, PH. D. ,
Professor of Greek and Latin Literature,
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, Chicago, Ill.
WILLIAM T. HARRIS, LL. D. ,
United States Commissioner of Education,
Bureau of EDUCATION, Washington, D. C.
MAURICE FRANCIS EGAN, A. M. , LL. D. ,.
Professor of Literature in the
CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, Washington, D. C.
## p. 11986 (#20) ###########################################
## p. 11987 (#21) ###########################################
FRANÇOIS RABELAIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
JEAN RACINE
VOLUME XXI
BY HENRY BÉRENGER
The Childhood of Gargantua (Besant's 'Readings from
Rabelais')
The Education of Gargantua (same)
The Abbey of Thelema (same)
LIVED
1495-1553
ALFRED RAMBAUD
1639-1699
BY FREDERICK MORRIS WARREN
The Rivals (Bajazet')
The Appeal of Andromache (Andromaque')
The Confession of Phædra ((Phèdre')
1842-
Halting Steps toward Democracy (History of Civilization
in France')
French Governmental Experiments (History of Contem-
porary Civilization in France')
Russian Expansion West and South (General History'):
The Greek Project of Catharine II. ; Poland and Kos-
ciuszko
Benefits to Germany from French Invasions (Germany
under Napoleon, 1804-1811')
PAGE
I 2001
Civil Life in France during the Middle Ages (History of
French Civilization')
French Medical Science during the Middle Ages (same)
The Middle Ages (same): Character of their Civilization;
The Close of the Middle Ages
12027
12041
## p. 11988 (#22) ###########################################
ALLAN RAMSAY
The Gentle Shepherd
Bessy Bell and Mary Gray
Lochaber No More
LEOPOLD VON RANKE
1
THOMAS BUCHANAN READ
Drifting
Sheridan's Ride
The Fall of Strafford (History of England')
The Rise of the Jesuits in Germany (History of the
Popes of Rome')
The Last Years of Queen Johanna (History of the Latin
and Teutonic Nations')
The Swiss Army in Italy in 1513: and the Battle of No-
vara (same)
From The History of the Latin and Teutonic Nations'
CHARLES READE
vi
LIVED
1686-1758
ERNEST RENAN
An Thou were My Ain Thing
A Sang
The Highland Lassie
1795-1886
1814-1884
Viscount and Lower Classes (Christie Johnstone')
In the Green-Room (Peg Woffington')
FRITZ REUTER
1822-1872
The Closing Scene
Inez
Extract from a Sixteenth-Century Letter (The Cloister
and the Hearth')
Monk and Father (same)
1823-1892
BY FERDINAND BRUNETIÈRE
Brother and Sister (My Sister Henriette')
To the Pure Soul of My Sister Henriette (Dedication to
the 'Life of Jesus')
Motives and Conduct (Recollections of My Youth')
The Share of the Semitic People in the History of Civili-
zation (Inaugural Address on Assuming the Chair of
Semitic Languages)
The Persistence of the Celtic Race (La Poésie des Races
Celtiques')
1810-1874
The Old Parson's Death (My Apprenticeship on
Farm')
The Miller and the Justice ('In the Year '13')
PAGE
12061
the
12074
12094
12103
12149
12195
## p. 11989 (#23) ###########################################
vii
JAMES FORD RHODES
1848-
Daniel Webster (History of the United States')
Webster's Death (same)
Improvement in American Health (same)
American Manners in 1850 (same)
SAMUEL RICHARDSON
JEAN PAUL RICHTER
1689-1761
Pamela Immured by her Lover ('Pamela')
Miss Byron's Rescue from Abduction, by Sir Charles
Grandison (Sir Charles Grandison')
JAMES WHITCOMB RILEY
Away
When She Comes Home
A Life Lesson
ANNE THACKERAY RITCHIE
BY E. P. EVANS
Extra Leaf on Consolation (Flower, Fruit, and Thorn
Pieces')
The New-Year's Night of a Miserable Man
From First Flower Piece'
Maxims from Richter's Works
LIVED
Memoirs')
My Father's Mother (same)
Bricks and Ivy ('Old Kensington')
Dutch Tiles (same)
CHARLES G. D. ROBERTS
Strayed
The Unsleeping
An Epitaph for a Husband-
man
1763-1825
1838-
My Witch's-Caldron (Chapters from Some Unwritten
1852-
A Song
Nothin' to Say
Knee-Deep in June.
FREDERICK WILLIAM ROBERTSON
1860-
The Little Field of Peace
Marsyas
The Flight of the Geese
Beside the Winter Sea
The Deserted City
1816-1853
The Early Development of Christ (Sermons Preached in
Trinity Chapel')
The Universal Nature of Christ (same)
PAGE
12206
12225
12247
12265
12273
12295
12305
## p. 11990 (#24) ###########################################
AGNES MARY FRANCES ROBINSON
Tuscan Cypress
ÉDOUARD ROD
viii
LA ROCHEFOUCAULD
Maxims
Reflections: On Society; On Conversation
Marriage (The Sense of Life')
Paternity (same)
Red May
BY GRACE KING
ROMAN POETS OF THE LATER EMPIRE
PIERRE RONSARD
1857-
LIVED
SAMUEL ROGERS
Ginevra
From the Pleasures of Memory': Opening Lines; Clos-
ing Lines
From
Table-Talk'
1613-1686
Sonnet: To Angelette
His Lady's Tomb
Roses
To Cassandra
1857-
1763-1855
BY HARRIET WATERS PRESTON
Annius Florus: Roses
The Emperor Hadrian: To his Soul
From the 'Pervigilium Veneris (Author Unknown)
Calpurnius Siculus: The Rustic in the Amphitheatre
Decimus Magnus Ausonius: Idyll of the Roses; A Mother's
Epitaph
Claudius Claudianus: The Bereavement of Ceres (Rape
of Proserpine'); Invocation to Victory (Consulate of
Stilicho ')
Claudius Rutilius Numatianus: Prologue to the 'Itinera-
rium'
Anicius Severinus Boëthius: The Government of the
World (Consolation of Philosophy'); The Hymn of
Philosophy (same)
BY KATHARINE HILLARD
1524-1585
Song: To Marie
A Madrigal: To Astræa
Good Counsel
Ronsard to his Mistress
PAGE
12315
12320
12335
12345
12357
12373
A
## p. 11991 (#25) ###########################################
ix
THEODORE ROOSEVELT
CHRISTINA GEORGINA ROSSETTI
1858-
The Indians of the Northwest (Winning of the West')
Backwoodsmen and Other Early Types (same)
Hope is Like a Harebell
Dream-Land
A Birthday
Remember
After Death
Echo
Song
Rest
BY WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE
DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI
Whitsun Eve
Heaven Overarches
The Heart Knoweth its Own Bitterness
Sudden Light
The Woodspurge
The Sea-Limits
Up-Hill
The Three Enemies
Old and New Year Dit-
ties
Amor Mundi
Life Hidden
BY WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
1830-1894
The Blessed Damozel
The Double Betrayal (Rose Mary')
The Second-Sight (The King's Tragedy')
The Card-Dealer
LIVED
BY ÉDOUARD ROD
The Cloud Confines
Song of the Bower
Sonnets from The House of Life': Introductory Sonnet;
Lovesight; Known in Vain; The Hill Summit; The
Choice; Lost Days; A Superscription; On Refusal of
Aid between Nations; For 'A Venetian Pastoral' by
Giorgione, in the Louvre.
Foreword (The Social Contract')
The People (same)
From 'Émile >
1828-1882
On the Uses of Travel (same)
In the Isle of St. Peter (Rêveries')
1712-1778
PAGE
12384
12397
12411
12435
15
## p. 11992 (#26) ###########################################
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
The Hour-Glass of Ashes
Amaryllis
Sad Spring (In Memory of
Agnes')
The Sun and the Brook
The Dying Flower
X
Told by a Brahmin
GIOVANNI DOMENICO RUFFINI
The Idyl at a Close ('Dr. Antonio ')
JALAL-AD-DIN RUMI
JOHAN LUDVIG RUNEBERG
JOHN RUSKIN
Nature More than Science
Greediness Punished
The Patriot's Lament
Barbarossa
The Drum
Gone in the Wind
Ensign Stål
The Village Girl (Fänrik
Ståls Sägner')
The Old Man's Return
BY A. V. WILLIAMS JACKSON
The Song of the Reed, or Divine Affections (Masnavi')
The Merchant and the Parrot (same)
The Chinese and Roman Artists; or, the Mirror of the
Heart
LIVED
1788-1866
1807-1881
Counsels
1207-1273
BY WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE
Painting')
The Throne (Stones of Venice')
Description of St. Mark's (same)
1804-1877
The Swan
The Work-Girl
My Life
Idyll
1819-
BY JOHN C. VAN DYKE
On Womanhood (Sesame and Lilies')
The Uses of Ornament ('The Seven Lamps of Architect-
ure')
Landscapes of the Poets (Lectures on Architecture and
Calais Spire (Modern Painters')
The Fribourg District, Switzerland (same)
The Mountain Gloom (same)
Description of Nature (same)
Leaves Motionless (same)
Cloud-Balancings (same)
PAGE
12457
12471
12487
12495
12509
## p. 11993 (#27) ###########################################
xi
WILLIAM CLARK RUSSELL
1844-
A Storm and a Rescue (Wreck of the Grosvenor)
RUSSIAN LYRIC POETRY
LIVED
BY PRINCE SERGE WOLKONSKY
Aleksandr Sergyevich Poushkin (1799-1837): The Black
Shawl; The Rose; To; My Studies; Caucasus;
The Bard; A Monument; Ya Perezhil Svoï Zhelanya;
The Free Life of the Bird; The Angel
Mikhail Yurevich Lermontov (1814-41): The Prisoner; The
Cloud; The Cup of Life; The Angel
M. Y. Nekrassov (1821-77): The Russian Soldier; The
Prophet
Vasili Andreyevich Joukovsky (1783-1852): Happiness in
Slumber; The Coming of Spring; Night
Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov (1779-1840): The Vesper Bells
Fedor Ivanovich Tutchev (1803-73): Spring Waters; Sun-
rise; Evening; The Leaves
Aleksei Stepanovich Homiakoff (1804-1860): Russian Song
Apollon Nikolayvich Maykov (1821-? ): The Easter Kiss;
The Alpine Glacier; The Kiss Refused
Count Aleksei Konstantinovich Tolstoy (1817-75): Believe
It Not; Renewal
Yakov Petrovich Polonsky (1820-? ): On Skobelev
A. Fet (Afanasi Afanasyevich Sheashin) (1820-93): Tryst;
A Russian Scene
Aleksei Nikolaevich Apukhtin (1841-? ): Folk-Songs
Anonymous: Sorrow
PAGE
12563
12583
## p. 11994 (#28) ###########################################
--
## p. 11995 (#29) ###########################################
LIST OF PORTRAITS
IN VOL. XXI
François Rabelais
Jean Racine
Allan Ramsay
Leopold von Ranke
Thomas Buchanan Read
Charles Reade
Ernest Renan
Fritz Reuter
James Ford Rhodes
Samuel Richardson
Jean Paul Richter
James Whitcomb Riley
Anne Thackeray Ritchie
Charles G. D. Roberts
Frederick William Robertson
La Rochefoucauld
Samuel Rogers
Pierre Ronsard
Theodore Roosevelt
Christina Georgina Rossetti
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Friedrich Rückert
Johan Ludvig Runeberg
John Ruskin
William Clark Russell
Full page
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
## p. 11996 (#30) ###########################################
1
1
## p. 11997 (#31) ###########################################
## p. 11998 (#32) ###########################################
RABELAIS.
Cover
0 Groscl
## p. 11999 (#33) ###########################################
i
11'
IFA
17?
1
i.
1
ĭ
Las
1
R.
1.
N
14.
11788
Fast,
## p. 12000 (#34) ###########################################
## p. 12001 (#35) ###########################################
12001
FRANÇOIS RABELAIS
(1495 ? -1553)
BY HENRY BÉRENGER
T
RANÇOIS RABELAIS was born toward the end of the fifteenth
century in 1483 according to some, in 1495 according to
others. The second hypothesis accords better with most
of the important facts of his life. The chronological legend would
have you believe that he was born the same year as Martin Luther.
While Luther, however, was born in a peasant's hut at Eisleben, in
the shadow of the Gothic towers and the forests of dreamy Germany,
François Rabelais was born in an apothecary's shop or the inn of a
publican, at Chinon, on the banks of the sluggish Loire, among the
songs of drinkers which awoke him in his cradle. At the threshold
of the sixteenth century these two powerful and popular geniuses,
both vowed to the monastic state, still half sheathed in the past,
escape from the convent to create the future.
Rabelais studied first at the convent of Seville; then at the con-
vent of the Franciscans of La Baumette, near Angers, where at first
he was novice. In 1509 he went to finish his novitiate at the convent
of Fontenay-le-Comte, where he became priest about 1519, and lived
until 1523.
Thus his early youth was passed among those rich and
gracious landscapes of Touraine, where Honoré de Balzac also was to
be born, and to grow up three centuries later, with the same exuber-
ant and magnificent talents of reason and imagination as his great
elder and compatriot, François Rabelais.
The first convents in which young Rabelais studied were prisons
rather than refuges. The mendicant monks among whom he dwelt
at La Baumette and at Fontenay-le-Comte were ignorant, sensual,
and superstitious beings, who detested the intellectual life.
It was
in such an environment, however, but secretly, that Rabelais acquired
that passion for study which never quitted him. As long as he
studied only Latin and the old French authors, he was unmolested.
But one day they discovered some Greek books in his cell. This
was a case of heresy. The Greek books were confiscated, and Rabe-
lais was forced to flee in order to escape the stake or the oubliettes.
The Pope. Clement VII. , was more liberal than these monks, and
in 1524 he authorized Rabelais to enter the order of St. Benedict.
XXI-751
## p. 12002 (#36) ###########################################
12002
FRANÇOIS RABELAIS
Just at this time he became regular canon of the abbey of Maille-
zais. He remained there only a short time. He then passed to the
secular clergy, and was attached to the household of Guy d'Estissac,
bishop of Maillezais. He seems to have lived there very happily.
Soon afterward the taste for travel seized him. He visited France,
and studied at her chief universities. On the 16th of September, 1530,
we know that he took his first registry at the Faculty of Medicine
of Montpellier. He received all the degrees of that University, and
rapidly achieved a great medical reputation. He was appointed phy-
sician of the great hospital of Lyons in 1532, and exercised that
function until February 1534. During the same period he published
'Gargantua' and the first book of Pantagruel. ' In 1534 he left
Lyons to accompany as physician the bishop of Paris, Jean du Bel-
lay, uncle of Joachim, the celebrated poet of the Pleiade,— who was
sent to Rome as ambassador extraordinary of Francis I. to the Holy
See, from which mission he was to win the cardinal's cap. He
possessed a noble and liberal spirit, and always protected Rabelais
against the rage of his enemies. Rabelais followed him again to
Rome in 1536-1537. Thanks to the protection of the Cardinal du
Bellay, Pope Paul III. granted him absolution for his apostasy (that
is, for his change of costume), and moreover permitted him to be-
come a Benedictine again, and to exercise the profession of medicine.
Strong in these two authorizations, Rabelais took at the Faculty of
Montpellier, where he had been received doctor in 1537, a course
in anatomy. Later he was consulting physician in different cities,-
Narbonne, Castres, and Lyons. His faithful patron, the Cardinal du
Bellay, who was also abbot of St. Maur as well as bishop of Paris,
had him appointed canon of the abbey of St. Maur-les-Fossés. Not
being bound to reside there, he continued to travel. He was in
Poitou; then in his dear native land of Touraine; then again in Pied-
mont with the vice-king Guillaume de Langey (brother of the Cardi-
nal du Bellay), where he continued to act as physician. In 1545 he
obtained from the King, Francis I. , permission to publish the third
book of his work. After the death of the King he was in great
anxiety; for the Cardinal du Bellay was not in favor with the new
King, Henry II. But he found new protectors in the houses of Châ-
tillon and of Lorraine, who recalled him from Metz and from Rome,
where he had gone, in a measure to find refuge. In 1550 he was
allowed to publish his fourth book, which he dedicated to the Cardi-
nal de Châtillon. The same year he was appointed parish priest of
Meudon by Cardinal du Bellay. We do not know whether Rabelais
exercised his priestly functions. Everything indicates that he did,
however, for he possessed a practical spirit desirous of action. But at
the beginning of the year 1552 he resigned his two charges, just as
## p. 12003 (#37) ###########################################
FRANÇOIS RABELAIS
12003
his fourth book appeared. Doubtless he wished to be more independ-
ent, unless he simply quitted these too exacting functions on account
of his health; indeed, he died in 1553. The fifth book of his work,
part of which seems apocryphal, was not published until 1562.
Considering this life as a whole, it appears that of a laborious as
well as daring genius, and of one independent as well as able. Man
of free studies and free pleasures, Rabelais was above all the enemy
of whatever constrained him. Action was life to him. On coming
into the world, he found about him all kinds of fetters: first those
of the convent, then those of the Sorbonne, and later those of Parlia-
ment; finally those of fanatics, both papists and Huguenots. Rabe-
lais never posed as apostle or martyr, but far more as a shrewd and
witty dilettante, whose device, framed by himself, was - Primo vivere,
deinde philosophari. In order to live, he sought protectors. Like Jean
de Meung before him, and Molière after him, he relied upon royalty.
He went to Rome to solicit the Pope. He obtained protection against
the monks from the high dignitaries of the Church. And having
once taken these precautions against the malice and stupidity of sub-
alterns, he composed, at his own leisure and convenience, one of the
most vehement and most revolutionary works ever directed by human
thought against the social institutions among which it struggles.
The work of Rabelais is divided into five books, of which the
first is entitled 'La Vie Très-Horrifique du Grand Gargantua, Père
de Pantagruel' (The Astounding Life of the Great Gargantua, Father
of Pantagruel;; the second, 'Pantagruel, Roi des Dipsodes, avec ses
Faits et Prouesses Épouvantables' (Pantagruel, King of the Drunkards,
with his Heroic Acts and Achievements); while the last three nar-
rate 'Les Faits et Dicts Heroïques du Bon Pantagruel' (The Heroic
Deeds and Sayings of Good Pantagruel). This work was written at
different times during a period of twenty years, and among all kinds
of journeys and occupations, from 1532 to 1553. Therefore those who
look upon it as a work composed once for all, issuing harmoniously
from the artist's brain like Minerva all armed issuing from the
brain of Jupiter, are entirely wrong. It is rather a Gothic monument
like the cathedrals of the same period, to which have been added
one after another a portal, a tower, a gable, a gallery, rose-windows,
gargoyles, with no thought of unity other than that of the general
inspiration. Strange monument built of mud and of marble, bathed
in shadow and in sunshine, decked with a thousand monstrous forms,
with riddles and logogriphs, and upon which the artist has carved
innumerable sacred or grotesque personages, angels, beasts, monks,
maidens, wise men and fools, devils and phantoms! But this monu-
ment is already illuminated by the classic glimmers of the Renais-
sance; rays of ancient wisdom penetrate it, and reveal here and
## p. 12004 (#38) ###########################################
12004
FRANÇOIS RABELAIS
there passages worthy of a place beside the works of Homer, of
Plato, or of Plutarch. The religion of human reason and of natural
beauty ennobles this architecture, apparently so barbarous and mon-
strous.
An encyclopædic genius, stationed on the boundary between
two epochs, two civilizations, and two countries, between the Middle
Ages and the Renaissance, between the north and the south,- Rab-
elais is the heir of the free-singers, of the bold story-tellers and
farce-lovers of past time, from Maître Renart to the Basoche. In this
immense monument still resound all the echoes of the Gallic spirit,
and already vibrates the alarum of the classic spirit. The abbey of
Thélème is vast enough to harbor at one time Plato, St. Paul, Virgil,
Socrates, Jean de Meung, Patelin, François Villon; and also those
macaronic poets of Italy whose unctuous joviality and gigantomachia
had so greatly diverted him during his stay at Rome. Rabelais
combined in his work all these inspirations, as he blended in his
style all the dialects of Picardy, Normandy, Touraine, Champagne,
Provence, etc.
'Gargantua' and 'Pantagruel' are, under a diverting and fantastic
form, the epic of the sixteenth century, as the Iliad and Odyssey
were the epic of ancient Greece; as the 'Divine Comedy' was the
epic of mediæval Catholicism; as the 'Comédie Humaine' of Balzac is
the epic of modern democracy. Châteaubriand was right in defining
Rabelais as "a mother-genius"; for he has conceived and given life
to most of the great French geniuses who followed him. In a tragic
and tumultuous age, filled with public calamities, with the follies of
royal ambition, with the mania for military conquests, with the fury
of intellectual controversies, with the nascent rage for civil wars, with
the Parliament's sentences to death, with the decrees and the fagots
of the Sorbonne, Rabelais attempted to restore his contemporaries to
mental health by making them laugh at their own maladies. The
powerful mocker cast such ridicule upon bad kings (Picrochole), bad
priests (Janotus de Bragmardo), bad magistrates (Grippemihaud, etc. ),
all kinds of fanatics (Coresme-Prenant, Autyrhysis), that he almost
destroyed their infernal power by the mere force of his genial buf-
foonery. And he did not content himself merely with destroying; he
constructed. He was as sublime an idealist as he was a profound,
sometimes coarse, realist. He invented the succession of good kings
(Grangousier, Gargantua, Pantagruel), he created the type of the
good educator (Ponocrates), of the good monk (Brother Jean des
Entommeures), he dreamed the Utopia of the new society, more toler-
ant, more generous, happier than the old; and over the ruins accu-
mulated by his terrible and avenging irony he built the abbey of
Thélème,- that is, of Free Will. On the front he inscribed, "Do
what thou wilt; " thus answering the old cry of the Dominican Izarn
## p. 12005 (#39) ###########################################
FRANÇOIS RABELAIS
12005
at the stake of the Albigeois, "Believe as you do, and you shall be
burned. " Rabelais is a powerful emancipator of modern thought, and
the natural ancestor of the Voltaires and the Diderots.
But he is at the same time a great and incomparable artist. He
had the gift of creating types and the power of creating a language.
A key to Rabelais has been made and remade twenty times: the
commentators have striven to attach a historic name to every char-
acter. According to the usual opinion, Grangousier is Louis XII. ;
Gargantua, Francis I. ; Pantagruel, Henry II. ; Picrochole, either Maxi-
milien Sforza, Ferdinand of Aragon, or Charles V. ; Brother Jean, the
Cardinal du Bellay; Panurge, the Cardinal of Lorraine, or the
author himself. It singularly lessens and lowers Rabelais to reduce
him to the rôle of a contemporary portrait painter; and thus doing,
one understands nothing of the essence or the scope of his work.
The truth is that Rabelais's imagination transformed the matter
upon which it worked, brought out its essential features,- the figures
worthy of preservation, and composed those imperishable types,
mixtures of fancy and truth, which, rooted in their own time, reach
to the most distant future. And Rabelais is not only an epic genius:
he is also the first of the great comic poets of France. Before Cor-
neille and Molière, no author possessed to such a degree the sense
of action, the art of scenic effect, and that of writing dialogue. The
meeting of Pantagruel and the Limousin student, the visit to Ron-
dibilis, the bargain with Dindenant, the consultation of Panurge with
the philosopher Trouillogan, are scenes of the most living comedy.
Finally, his style, like his thought, is magnificent in contrasts,
in exuberance, in fancy and profoundness, lights and shadows. It
has the opulence of Rubens, the irony of Callot, the sublimity of
Rembrandt.
