No More Learning

(1860); History of the Administration of Pres-
ident Lincoln (1864); and 'Life and Services
of Abraham Lincoln (1865). He did much
to make the newspaper "editorial ” the power
it now is.
Raynouard, François Juste-Marie (rā-nwär').
A French poet and philologist; born at Bri-
gnoles, Provence, September 1761; died at Passy,
Oct. 27, 1836. His first tragedies, (Eleonora of
Bavaria) and “The Templars,' were produced
in 1805 with great success. He also wrote dur.
ing the régime of Napoleon: (Scipio); (The
States of Blois); (Don Carlos'; Charles I. ";
Deborah); and Joan of Arc at Orléans.
Later he produced a number of books con-
cerning the Provençal language and literature,
among them a Dictionary of the Language
of the Troubadours) (1838-44).
Reach, Angus Bethune. An English jour-
nalist; born at Inverness, Scotland, Jan. 23,
1821 ; died in London, Nov. 25, 1856. His first
production, Labor and the Poor) (1848), was
a very noted series of articles published in
the London Morning Chronicle. He wrote:
(The Comic Bradshaw; or, Bubbles from the
Boiler) (1848);Clement Lorimer; or, The Book
with the Iron Clasp,' a romance (1849); Leon.
ard Lindsay; or, The Story of a Buccaneer!
(1850); Claret and Olives! (1852); and many
amusing miscellanies and farces.
Read, Opie P. An American journalist; born
in Tennessee in 1852. He edited the Arkansaw
Traveller for many years. His studies of Ar-
kansas life have been widely read, and include:
(Len Gansett) (1888); My Young Master';
(An Arkansaw Planter); 'Up Terrapin River';
(A Kentucky Colonel); "On the Suwanee
River'; Miss Polly Lop, and Other Stories);
(The Captain's Romance); and (The Jucklins,
a novel.
Read, Thomas Buchanan. An American
portrait-painter and poet; born in Pennsylvania,
March 12, 1822; died in 1872. His most im-
portant works are : Poems (1847); "Lays and
Ballads (1848); ( The House by the Sea' (1856);
(The Wagoner of the Alleghanies) (1862); (A
Summer Story) (1865); and Poetical Works)
(1867). His best-known poems are (Sheridan's
Ride) and ( Drifting. He also published: (Fe-
male Poets of America) (1848); (The Pilgrims
of the Great St. Bernard,' a romance ; (The New
Pastoral (1854), his most ambitious poem;
(Sylvia; or, The Lost Shepherd (1857); (A
Voyage to Iceland) (1857); and (The Good
Samaritans) (1867). *


## p. 453 (#469) ############################################

READE - REEVES
453
Reade, Charles. The well-known English
novelist; born at Ipsden, June 8, 1814; died
April 11, 1884. His first great success was 'It's
Never Too Late to Mend' (1856); although he
had previously written Peg Woffington (1852),
and (Christie Johnstone) (1853). His numer-
ous productions include : (The Course of True
Love Never did Run Smooth' (1857); (Jack of
All Trades) (1858); (The Autobiography of a
Thief (1858); "Love Me Little, Love Me Long)
(1859); (The Double Marriage ; or, White Lies)
(1860); (The Cloister and the Hearth) (1861);
(Hard Cash) (1863); (Griffith Gaunt) (1866);
(Foul Play) (1869); "Put Yourself in his Place)
(1870); A Terrible Temptation) (1871); (A
Simpleton) (1873); (The Wandering Heir)
(1875); (A Woman-Hater) (1877); and (A Peril-
ous Secret, published posthumously. His plays
include: (Gold) (1850); Masks and Faces)
(1854); (The Courier of Lyons); (Two Loves
and a Life); (The King's Rivals) (1854);
(Drink) (1879); besides the dramatization of
a number of his novels. *
Reade, John. An Irish-Canadian clergyman
and journalist; born in Ballyshannon, Donegal,
Nov. 13, 1837. He came to Canada in 1856,
and has contributed to every magazine or re-
view established in Canada since 1860. His
writings include: “The Prophecy and Other
Poems) (1870); (Language and Conquest'
(1883); (The Making of Canada) (1885); (Lit-
erary Faculty of the Native Races of America)
(1885); (The Half-Breed” (1886); (Vita Sine
Liberis) (1886); and (Aboriginal American Po-
etry) (1887).
Reade, William Winwood. An English trav-
eler, novelist, and controversialist; born in Ox-
fordshire, Jan. 30, 1838; died April 24, 1875.
On his return from African journeys, he wrote
(Savage Africa) (1863); "The African Sketch-
Book) (1873); "Story of the Ashantee Cam-
paign (1875); and several novels. His mas-
terpiece is probably 'The Martyrdom of Man,
which presents the history of all the forms of
human slavery (1872; 13th ed. 1890).
Realf, Richard. An English-American poet;
born at Framfield, Sussex, June 14, 1834; com-
mitted suicide in Oakland, Cal. , Oct. 28, 1878.
At 18 he published, under the patronage of
several literary people, a collection of poems,
(Guesses at the Beautiful. In 1854 he came
to the United States, enlisted in the army in
1862, and wrote some of his best lyrics in the
field. His most admired poems are (My Slain,'
(An Old Man's Idyl, and Indirection.
Recke, Ernst von der (reck'ė). A Danish
romantic poet; born at Copenhagen, Aug. 14,
1848. His earliest and most popular poem is
the three-act drama Bertran de Born (1872).
He has written much on the art of Danish
verse, including Principles of Danish Versi-
fication as Manifested in its Historic and Sys-
tematic Development) (1881); and (The Rules
of Danish Versification Concisely Stated' (1885).
Among his other publications include : (Lyric
Poems) (1876); “King Liuvigild and his Sons,
a tragedy (1878); (Archilochus) (1878); (Knud
and Magnus,' a tragedy (1881); (Short Poems)
(1883); (Miscellaneous Poems) (1890); Fru
Jeanna,' a tragic opera (1891); and (The Duch-
ess of Burgundy' (1891).
Reclus, Jean Jacques Élisée (rā-klü'). A
French geographer and scientist; born in the
Gironde, May 15, 1830. After extensive travels
in England, Ireland, and North and South
America, he devoted himself to writing on the
social and political conditions of these countries,
many of his articles appearing in the Revue
des Deux Mondes and in the Tour du Monde.
Among his numerous writings, (The Earth)
(1867-68), (The Ocean Atmosphere and Life)
(1872), and Universal Geography) (1875-88),
in thirteen volumes, are most elaborate.
Redpath, James. An American journalist;
born in Berwick, Scotland, Aug. 24, 1833; died
Feb. 10, 1891. He was known as a fiery aboli-
tionist, and an ardent supporter of the Irish
in the land-league troubles. He founded the
«Redpath Lyceum Bureau,” an agency for
lecturers and musicians, in 1867, and conducted
it until 1875. He became assistant editor of
the North American Review in 1886. He pub-
lished: (Handbook to Kansas) (1859); (The
Roving Editor) (1859); “Echoes of Harper's
Ferry) (1860); (Southern Notes) (1860); (Guide
to Hayti) (1860); (The John Brown Invasion)
(1860); Life of John Brown' (1860); and
(Talks About Ireland (1881).
Redwitz (-Schmölz), Oskar von (red'vitz-
shmėlts). A German poet; born at Lichtenau,
Bavaria, June 28, 1823; died July 7, 1891. He
gained wide reputation by his first work, (Am-
aranth) (1849), an epic poem written in praise
of Roman-Catholicism; and his later works
did not fall short of his early promise. They
include: (Tales of the Forest Brook and the
Pine); Hermann Stark,' a novel (1868); the
remarkable Lay of the New German Empire)
( 1871 ); "Odilo) (1878 ); The Wartenberg
House) (1884); and Hymen) (1887).
Reese, Lizette Woodworth. An American
verse-writer and educator ; born in Maryland
in 1856. Her writings include: (A Branch of
May) (1887); (A Handful of Lavender); and
(A Quiet Road.
Reeve, Clara. An English novelist; born
at Ipswich in 1729; died Dec. 3, 1807. Her
most famous work is (The Champion of Vir-
tue : A Gothic Story) (1777), afterwards pub-
lished under the title of "The Old English
Baron. She had previously written (The
Phenix) (1772), a translation from the Latin
of Barclay's romance (Argenis. Among her
other and less important works are: The
Two Mentors) (1783); (The Progress of Ro-
mance) (1785); and “The Exiles; or, Memoirs
of Count de Cronstadt) (1788).
Reeves, Helen Buckingham (née Mathers).
An English novelist; born at Crewkerne,
Somersetshire, in 1852. Her novels treat of


## p. 454 (#470) ############################################

454
REEVES-RELLSTAB
domestic English life, and are exceedingly pop-
ular. They include : "Comin' through the Rye)
(1875); (The Token of the Silver Lily,' a poem
(1876); “Cherry Ripe) (1877); (As He Comes
up the Stair) (1878); (The Land of the Leal)
(1878); (My Lady Green Sleeves' (1879); (The
Story of a Sin? (1881); (Sam's Sweetheart)
(1883); Eyre's Acquittal) (1884); Jock o'
Hazeldean) (1884); (Found Out' (1885); (Mur-
der or Manslaughter ? ) (1885); (The Fashion
of this World' (1886); 'A Study of a Woman
(1893); and (A Man of the Time) (1894).
Reeves, Marian Calhoun Legaré. An Amer.
ican novelist; born at Charleston, S. C. , about
1854. She began to write in 1866 under the
pseudonym of “Fadette. Her publications in-
clude : (Ingemisco) (1867); (Randolph Honor)
( 1868 ); (Sea-Drift) (1869); (Wearithorne)
(1872); A Little Maid of Arcadie) (1888); and
in conjunction with Emily Read, (Old Martin
Boscawen's Jest) (1878), and Pilot Fortune)
(1883).
Regaldi, Giuseppe (rā-gäl'dē). An Italian
poet; born at Novara, November 1809; died at
Bologna, February 1883. He heard the im-
provisatore Giustiniani, and resolved to rival
him. He accordingly improvised in the prin-
cipal cities of Italy, in France, Switzerland, and
Germany, and with great success. His volumes
of verse include : War) (1832); Poems: Ex-
temporaneous and Elaborated (1839); (Songs)
(1840); National Songs) (1841); Prose and
Poetry) (1861-65); “Selected Poems) (1874);
(Water) (1878). He also wrote (Dora' (1867),
and History and Literature (1879).
Regnard, Jean François (ren-yar'). A French
comic dramatist; born at Paris in 1656; died
Sept. 4, 1709. By common consent his rank in
France is second to Molière only. His finest
productions are: (The Gambler) (1696), and
(The Sole Legatee) (1708). He also wrote:
(The Absent-Minded) (1697); ( The Unexpected
Return (1700); (The Follies of Love) (1704);
(The Menachmi? (1705), in imitation of Plau-
tus; and a number of satires and poems.
Regnier, Mathurin (ren-yā'). A French
satirist; born at Chartres, Dec. 21, 1573; died
at Rouen, Oct. 22, 1613. He is famed for
his Satires) (1608), sixteen in number, in which
he imitated Horace, Juvenal, and Martial. He
also wrote a number of epistles and elegies.
Editions of his works have appeared in 1853,
1862, 1867, and 1875.
Reid, Christian. See Tiernan, Frances C.
Reid, Mayne. An Irish novelist of advent-
ure ; born in Ballyroney, County Down, April
4, 1818; died near London, Oct. 22, 1883. He
came to the United States in 1838, and traveled
extensively North, East, South, and West. He
became a captain in the Mexican War. Later
he went to London, where he published his
many novels of adventure, including : (The
Rifle-Rangers) (1850); (The Scalp-Hunters?
(1851); (The Quadroon) (1855); (Osceola)
(1858); (The Maroon) (1862); 'Cliff-Climbers)
(1864); (Afloat in the Forest! (1866); (The
Castaways) (1870); and (Gwen-Wynne) (1877).
Reid, Thomas. A Scotch professor and phi-
losopher; born at Strachan, Kincardineshire,
April 26, 1710; died Oct. 7, 1796. He was pro-
fessor of moral philosophy at Glasgow Uni-
versity 1764-80, thenceforward devoting himself
to preparing for publication the substance of
his lectures. They appeared as (Intellectual
Powers) (1785), and Active Powers) (1785).
His other works include: An Essay on Quan-
tity) (1748); (An Inquiry into the Human Mind
on the Principles of Common-Sense) (1704),
his most original work; (A Brief Account
of Aristotle's Logic! (1774); (Essays on the
Intellectual Powers of Man) (1785); Essays
on the Active Powers of Man (1788). He is
the leading representative of the school of
common-sense. "
Reid, Thomas Wemyss. An English jour-
nalist; born at Newcastle on Tyne in 1842.
He contributed largely to English reviews and
magazines, and published : Cabinet Portraits:
Sketches of Leading Statesmen of Both Par-
ties) (1872); (Charlotte Brontë: A Monograph
(1877); Politicians of To-Day) (1879); (The
Land of the Bey) (1882); (Gabrielle Stuart
(1883); (A Memoir of John Deakin Heaton
(1883); "Gladys Fane: A Story of Two Lives)
( 1883 ); Mauleverer's Millions) (1885); Life
of William Edward Forster) (1888).
Reid, Whitelaw. An American journalist;
born near Xenia, O. , Oct. 27, 1837. During the
Civil War he represented the Cincinnati Ga.
zette in the field; and his letters, under the sig.
nature of Agate, attracted much attention.
Shortly afterward he published (After the War!
(1866), and (Ohio in the War) (1868), the most
important of all the State histories of the Civil
War. He became an editorial writer on the
New York Tribune; and upon the death of
Horace Greeley he succeeded him as editor and
principal owner. Besides many contributions to
periodicals, he wrote: (Schools of Journalism)
(1871); “The Scholar in Politics) (1873); (Some
Newspaper Tendencies) (1879); and (Town
Hall Suggestion) (1881). He was candidate
for Vice-President of the United States in 1892.
Reinbold, Adelheid. See Berthold.
Reinick, Robert (rin'ick). A German poet;
born at Dantzig, Prussia, Feb. 22, 1805; died at
Dresden, Feb. 7, 1852. He studied painting un.
der Schadow and Begas, and these studies in.
Auenced all of his lyric productions, which rank
among the best in German literature. His
works include: (Song-Book for Artists) (1833);
(Song-Book of a Painter) (1837-44); 'Songs and
Fables for the Young' (1844); (Hebel's Alle.
manic Poems Translated into High German
(1851); (Collected Songs) (1852); and (Book
of Poetic Fables and Stories. His poetry is
remarkable for its childlike humor, simplicity,
and artistic perfection.
Rellstab, Ludwig (rāl'stäb). A German
mathematician and critic; born at Berlin in


## p. 455 (#471) ############################################

RÉMUSAT — RÉVILLON
455
1799; died there in 1860. He published romances,
dramas, and critical essays, among them being :
(Henrietta,t he Beautiful Singer); (Algiers and
Paris) (1830-46); (The Year 1812) (1834); and
an Autobiography) (1860).
Rémusat, Charles de (rā-mü-sä'). A French
philosopher and minister of State; born at
Paris in 1797 ; died June 6, 1875. He published:
“Essays on Philosophy) (1842), which was re-
ceived with favor ; ( Treatise on German Philos-
ophy) (1845); (Abelard' (1845); (Bacon, his
Life and Time) (1858); “Religious Philosophy)
(1864); and History of English Philosophy
from Bacon to Locke) (1875).
Rémusat, Claire Élisabeth Jeanne de. A
French essayist; born at Paris in 1780; died
in 1821. She was the mother of Charles de
Rémusat, and companion to the Empress Jose-
phine. She wrote an "Essay on the Education
of Women (1824). Her Memoirs) are very
celebrated. They form the substance of her
diary, destroyed by fire and rewritten by her
from memory. They are very unfriendly to
Napoleon.
Rémusat, Jean Pierre Abel. A French
Orientalist; born at Paris, September 1788; died
June 3, 1832. He devoted himself to the study
of Asiatic languages, especially Chinese, and
published: (Researches among the Tartar Lan-
guages) (1820 ); «Elements of the Chinese
Grammar) (1822); Asiatic Miscellanies) (1825);
and New Miscellanies) (1828); besides trans-
lations and essays.
Renan, Joseph Ernest (ré-non'). The re-
nowned French Semitic-Orientalist, philologist,
historian, and essayist; born at Tréguier, Brit-
tany, Feb. 27, 1823; died at Paris, Oct. 2, 1892.
His chief subjects of study were the Semitic
languages, and the antecedents and beginnings
of Christianity. His works include: (General
History of the Semitic Languages) (1856); the
translations (Job) (1859), « The Song of Songs
(1860), and (Ecclesiastes) (1881); «The Life of
Jesus) (1863); (The Apostles) (1866); (St. Paul)
(1867); Anti-Christ? (1873); (The Gospels)
(1877); “The Christian Church' (1879); (Mar-
cus Aurelius) (1881); «The History of the Peo-
ple of Israel (1887-89). Also the collected
essays (Studies in Religious History) (1857),
(Essays in Criticism and Ethics (1859), "Ques-
tions of the Day) (1868), Miscellanies of Hlis.
tory and Travel (1878), New Studies in Re-
ligious History) (1884), and (Discourses and
Conferences) (1884); the philosophical dramas
"Caliban,' The Water of Youth, (The Priest
of Nemi, Dialogue of the Dead,' (The Ab.
bess of Jouarre,' and 'New-Year's Day) (1886);
and the autobiographical works (Recollections
of Infancy and Youth) (1883) and (Stray
Leaves) (1892). *
Repplier, Agnes. An American essayist;
born in Philadelphia in 1855. Her published
works include : (Books and Men); (Points of
View); In the Dozy Hours); (Essays in Idle.
ness); “Essays in Miniature); and (Varia. '
Restif, Nicolas Edme (called Restif or Rétif
de la Bretonne) (rė-tēt'). A French novelist ;
born at Sacy near Auxerre, Nov. 22, 1734; died
at Paris, Feb. 3, 1806. He published in all more
than 200 volumes, full of wit and imagination,
but reflecting the licentious habits of their au-
thor and his circle.
The most noteworthy are :
(The Foot of Fanchette ) (1769); (The Per-
verted Countryman' (1774); (The Life of my
Father) (1778), a monument of filial piety;
(The Pornograph (1796), a plan for regulating
prostitution; and the remarkable (Autobiogra-
phy of Monsieur Nicolas) (1794-97, 16 vols. ).
Reuchlin, Johann (roich'lin). A German
classical and Hebrew scholar and humanist;
born at Pforzheim, Baden, Feb. 22, 1455; died
at Liebenzell, June 30, 1522. He did much to
restore Hebrew and Greek letters among his
countrymen. His Latin Dictionary, published
in 1475, ran through many editions. The re-
sults of his Hebrew studies were the works
entitled: "On the Wondrous Word? (1494);
(Hebrew Grammar and Lexicon (1506); and
(Concerning the Cabbalistic Art) (1517). His
famous satire, (Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum)
(1515), aimed at his enemies, had an influence
in developing the Reformation.
Reumont, Alfred von (roi'mont). A Ger-
man archæologist; born at Aix-la-Chapelle in
1808; died April 27, 1887. He resided in many
cities of Europe, and collected material for
many books, among the most important being :
(Roman Literature) (1840-44); Contributions
to Italian History) (1853-55); and (The Youth
of Catherine de' Medici) (1866).
Reuss, Eduard Wilhelm Eugen (rois). A
noted German theologian; born at Strasburg
(then a part of France), July 18, 1804; died
there, April 15, 1891. He was made professor
in the college of his native city, and pub.
lished: A History of the Books of the New
Testament) (1842); History of the Christian
Religion in the Apostolic Age) (1872); A His-
tory of the Books of the Old Testament) (1881);
and others.
Reuter, Franz (roi'ter). A German novel.
ist and poet; born at Stavenhagen, Mecklen.
burg-Schwerin, Nov. 7, 1810; died at Eisenach,
June 12, 1874. He published: (My Apprentice-
ship on the Farm); Funny Tales and Non-
sense Rhymes); Nuptial Eve Stories ); (An
Account of a Journey to Belgium'; Kein
Hüsung); (Hanne Nüte und de Lüdde Pudel);
(Schurr-Murr); (Old Camomile Flowers, a col-
lection of tales; (In the Year 13'; etc. *
Revere, Joseph Warren. An American of-
ficer, kinsman of Paul Revere; born in Boston
in 1812; died in 1880. He was an officer in
the Federal army, and published: (Keel and
Saddle: Retrospect of Forty Years' Military
and Naval Service) (1872).
Révillon, Antoine (rev-e-yôn'). [“Tony. ”]
A French novelist and journalist; born at St.
Laurent-les-Mâcon (Ain) in 1832. He has con-
tributed to many periodicals, and published :
a


## p. 456 (#472) ############################################

RÉVOIL - RICARDO
456
(The Happy Youth of F. Lapalud) (1866);
(The Separated One) (1875); and others.
Révoil, Benedict Henri (rev-wäy"). A French
novelist and dramatist; born in Aix (Bouches-
du-Rhône), Dec. 16, 1816. He lived in the
United States for nine years, during which
time he collected the material for many of his
works. They include : (Hunting and Fishing
of the Other World (1856); (The Daughter
of the Comanches); and (Dramas from the
New World) (1864–65), a number of plays
which he put on the stage in the United States,
and afterwards published in France.
Rexford, Eben Eugene. An American poet ;
born at Johnsburg, Warren County, N. Y. , July
1848; lives in Shiocton, Wis. He began to write
when a mere child, contributing to periodicals
and magazines. He published in book form
the poems Brother and Lover) and (Grand-
mother's Garden (1887); and a story, John
Fielding and his Enemy) (1888). He wrote
the popular songs (Silver Threads among the
Gold) and (Only a Pansy-Blossom.
Reybaud, Marie Roch Louis (rā-bo'). A
French writer on social topics; born at Mar-
seilles, Aug. 15, 1799; died at Paris, Oct. 28,
1879. After traveling extensively, he settled in
Paris and devoted himself wholly to literature,
producing : (Stories of the Modern Reform-
ers or Socialists,' published in the Revue des
Deux Mondes from 1836-40, and which have
since passed through several editions in book
form ; Jérôme Paturot in Search of a Social
Position) (1843); Jérôme Paturot in Search of
the Best Republic) (1848); besides many ro-
mances, essays, and criticisms.
Reynolds, Frederic. An English dramatist;
born in Lime Street, London, Nov. 1, 1764 ;
died April 16, 1841. His first piece, (Werter,
founded on Goethe's novel, was produced in
1785; and later was reproduced many times,
and printed both in London and Dublin. His
second drama, Eloisa,' was played in 1786,
when he abandoned tragedy for comedy. His
first attempt, (The Dramatist! (1786), was very
successful. He produced in all nearly one
hundred plays, a novel, and two autobiograph-
ical volumes.
Reynolds, Sir Joshua. The great English
painter; was born at Plympton Earl's, Devon-
shire, July 16, 1723; died in London, Feb. 23,
1792. Although it is as a portrait-painter that
he is famous, it was his custom to deliver each
year at the Royal Academy (of which he was
president) a carefully prepared address on some
topic immediately connected with art; and
these addresses constitute the well-known (Dis.
courses of Sir Joshua Reynolds, fifteen in
number. He contributed also three essays to
The Idler; notes to Mason's translation of Du
Fresnoy's (Art of Painting); a few notes for
Dr. Johnson's edition of Shakespeare ; and notes
of his tour through Flanders in 1781.
Rhodes, Albert. An American descriptive
writer; born at Pittsburg, Pa. , Feb. I, 1840. He
has spent most of his time abroad in diplo-
matic employments and contributing to Amer-
ican, French, and English periodicals. His
published works include : Jerusalem as It Is)
(1867); «The French at Home) (1875); and
Monsieur at Home (1886).
Rhodes, James Ford. An American histo-
rian; born in Cleveland, O. , in 1848. He was
educated at the Universities of New York and
Chicago; spent some years in study abroad,
and engaged in business until 1891. He has
published two volumes of History of the
United States from the Compromise of 1850)
(Vol. ii. 1892). The work is a political his.
tory of the events growing out of the slavery
question, the Civil War, and the reconstruction
era, and will summarize the great debates that
took place, and bring into relief the men who
took part. *
Rhodes, William Barnes. An English dra.
matic writer; born Dec. 25, 1772; died Nov. I,
1826. He is famous as the author of a long
popular burlesque, Bombastes Furioso, pro-
duced anonymously at the Haymarket Theatre
in 1810, and published first at Dublin in 1813.
Since then it has passed through many edi-
tions. He also wrote (The Satires of Juvenal
Translated into English Verse) (1801), and
(Epigrams) (1803).
Rhys, John (ris). A Celtic philologist ; born
at Abercaero, Cardiganshire, Wales, June 21, 1840.
He has been professor of Celtic in Oxford since
1877, and is the author of Lectures on Welsh
Philology) (1877); (Celtic Britain) (1882);
(Studies in the Arthurian Legends) (1891); and
others.
Ribeiro, Bernardim (re-bācē'ro). A Portu-
guese poet; born at Tarrão, province of Alemtejo,
in 1486 (? ); died about 1550. He is a note-
worthy figure in Portuguese literature, having
been one of the men who introduced the Ital-
ian pastoral style that has ever since prevailed
in Portugal. Of his works there are
extant five idyls, a pastoral romance in prose,
Menina e Moça' (first edition, 1554), and a
number of lyrics in the style of the older poets
of Portugal. Editions of his (Works) have
appeared in 1645, 1785, and 1852.
Ribeiro, Thomaz Antonio Fereiro. A Por-
tuguese poet and politician; born at Parada de
Gonta (Beira), July I, 1831. He has taken high
rank among the present-day poets of Spain by
his patriotic and exquisite poem Jaime) (1861).
Among his other works may be mentioned two
collections of poems: "Passing Tones) (1854),
and Even-Songs) (1858); a poetic recital,
Delfino) (1868); two books of travel, (From
Tejo to Mondovi' (1864), and Among the
Palms) (1864).
Ricardo, David. An English political econ-
omist; born in London, April 19, 1772; died at
Gatcomb Park, Gloucestershire, Sept. 11, 1823.
He stands next to Adam Smith (whose ideas
he developed and systematized) in the British
free-trade school of political science, and his
DOW
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RICCOBINI – RICHARDSON
457
writings have exerted a vast influence upon all
theories of political economy. It has been said
that Adam Smith was like the first explorer of
a new country, who gives a good description of
its general appearance, but omits much and
mistakes much; while Ricardo was the first to
draw an accurate map of it. After making his
fortune in the Stock Exchange in London, he
retired to devote himself to the study of math-
ematics, chemistry, etc. The first result of his
studies was a tract entitled (The High Price
of Bullion a Proof of the Depreciation of Bank-
Notes) (1809). In 1817 appeared his most im-
portant work, (The Principles of Political
Economy and Taxation. Its leading feature
was the theory of rent, now universally accepted,
- that it represents the surplus earning power
of better or more favorably situated land over
that just good enough to be worth utilizing.
Many of its other novel conceptions are now
commonplaces. He published in addition a
number of essays on economics. His Works)
were edited by MacCulloch (1846). His "Let-
ters to Malthus) were published in 1887.
Riccobini, Antoine François (rik-Õ-bē'nē).
An Italian dramatic writer and actor, son of
Luigi; born at Mantua; died at Paris in 1772.
He wrote: “The Slave Comedians) (1726);
(Amusements in Fashion (1732); and an in-
genious work called "Theatrical Art) (1750).
Riccobini, Luigi. An Italian dramatist and
descriptive writer; born in Modena in 1675;
died in Paris in 1733. He published: (His-
tory of the Italian Theatre) (1728–31); (The
Comedies and Genius of Molière) (1736); (Re-
flections on the Theatres of Europe) (1738-50);
and several others.
Riccobini, Marie Jeanne Laboras de Mé-
zières. A French actress and novelist, wife
of Antoine François; born at Paris in 1713;
died there, 1792. She did not succeed upon
the stage, and turned to the production of the
sentimental novel with no little success. Her
first work was the remarkable Marquis de
Cressy) (1758). This was followed by The
Letters of Julia Catesby) (1759); Ernestine)
(1770-98), considered by many her master-
piece; (The Letters of Sophie de Vallière)
(1772); and a number of others.
Rice, George Edward. An American verse-
writer; born in Boston, July 10, 1822; died at
Roxbury, Mass. , Aug. 10, 1861 or 1863. His pub-
lications include: An Old Play in a New
Garb) (1852), a fanciful adaptation of (Ham-
let); Ephemera) (1852), poems, written in
conjunction with John Howard Wainwright;
(Myrtilla: A Fairy Extravaganza' (1853);
(Blondel; A Historic Fancy) (1854); and (Nu-
gamenta' (1859), a book of verse.
Rice, Harvey. An American poet; born at
Conway, Mass. , June 11, 1800; died 1891. He
removed to Cleveland, opened a classical school,
and purchased a newspaper, which he issued
thereafter as the Plaindealer. He has been a
frequent contributor to many periodicals, and
in addition has published: (Mount Vernon
and Other Poems) (1864); Nature and Cult.
ure) (1875); Pioneers of the Western Re-
serve) (1882); (Select Poems) (1885); (Sketches
of Western Life) (1888); and (The Founder of
the City of Cleveland. ?
Rice, James. An English novelist; born at
Northampton, Sept. 26, 1843; died in London,
April 25, 1882. His reputation was well assured
by the publication of (Ready-Money Mortiboy)
(1872), the first of the series of clever novels
which he issued in conjunction with Walter
Besant. It was subsequently dramatized under
the title of (Ready Money. This remarkable
partnership continued with (The Golden But-
terfly) (1876), «The Chaplain of the Fleet)
(1879), (The Seamy Side) (1881), and several
others. Previous to the partnership he had
published (History of the British Turf) (1879).
* See (Walter Besant) in this Library.
Richards, Alfred Bate. An English journal-
ist and dramatist; born at Baskerville House,
Worcestershire, Feb. 17, 1820; died at London,
June 12, 1876. He produced many tragedies,
among them being : "Crcesus, King of Lydia);
several volumes of poems, including "Death
and the Magdalen) (1846); (The Dream of the
Soul (1848); and one novel, “So Very Human)
(1871), the title being suggested by a chance
phrase of Charles Dickens. In his (Britain
Redeemed and Canada Preserved) (1848), he
foreshadowed, thirty years before its construc-
tion, the inter-oceanic railway between the At-
lantic and the Pacific.
Richards, Laura Elizabeth. An American
writer of juvenile books, daughter of Julia Ward
Howe; born in Massachusetts in 1850. She
has published a great number of children's
books, among them being : (Five Mice) (1880);
(Our Baby's Favorite) (1881); (Tell-Tale from
Hill and Dale) (1886); and (Toto's Merry Win-
ter) (1887).
Richardson, Mrs. Abby Sage. An American
lecturer and writer on literary topics; born in
1835. Her publications include: "Stories from
Old English Poetry) (1871); 'The History of
Our Country to 1876) (1876); (Familiar Talks
on English Literature (1881); “Old Love Let-
ters) (1883); Abelard and Heloise : A Medi.
æval Romance (1884); and others.
Richardson, Albert Deane. An American
journalist; born in Franklin, Mass. , Oct. 6, 1833;
died in New York city, Dec. 2, 1869. He was
famous as the war correspondent of the New
York Tribune during the Civil War, and was
imprisoned with others for eighteen months as
a result of their undertaking to run the bat-
teries of Vicksburg on two barges. The result
of his experiences was the work : (The Field,
the Dungeon, and the Escape) (1865). He
also wrote : Beyond the Mississippi) (1866), and
(A Personal History of Ulysses S. Grant' (1868).
A collection of his miscellaneous writings was
published by his wife, Abby Sage Richardson,
under the title of (Garnered Sheaves) (1871).
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## p. 458 (#474) ############################################

458
RICHARDSON - RIDPATH
asm.
(
:
Richardson, Samuel. An English novelist;
born in Derbyshire in 1689; died July 4, 1761.
He is England's first (novelist. All of his
books are in the form of letters, long and sen-
timental. His best-known novels are : 'Clarissa
Harlowe (1748); Pamela (1740); and a con-
tinuation (1741). (Sir Charles Grandison) fol.
lowed in 1754. His Correspondence,' edited by
Anna Lætitia Barbauld, appeared in 1804. *
Richardt, Christian Ernst (rish'ärt). A
Danish poet; born in Copenhagen, May 25,
1831 ; died in 1893. His poems are noted for
religious depth, delicacy, and patriotic enthusi-
He is considered first among the later
lyrical poets of Denmark. His first book was
(Deklarationen (1851), a comedy, followed by
(Short Poems) (1861); Pictures and Songs
(1874); (Fifty Poems) (1878); (Spring and Au-
tumn' (1884); and Miscellaneous Poems) (1891).
He also wrote a tragic musical drama, (King
and Constable) (1878).
Richebourg, Jules Emile (rēsh-börg'). A
French novelist; born April 23, 1833; died
Jan. 25, 1898. He produced a number of light
verses and comedies before devoting his at-
tention seriously to romances. Since 1858 he
has produced a great number of novels of ad-
venture, intrigue, and passion, which have found
great favor among the masses in France.
Among them may be named : (The Man with
the Black Spectacles) (1864); (The Veiled
Lady) (1875); (The Beautiful Organist) (1876);
(Father Raclot's Million) (1889); Cinderella)
(1892); and (Winter Tales) (1892).
Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis (rēsh-
lyė'). The French duke and cardinal, and
statesman ; born in Paris, Sept. 5, 1585; died
there, Dec. 4, 1642. As prime minister of
France he exercised a great influence upon its
history, externally and internally, and took
great interest in literature and art, enlarging
the Sorbonne and the royal library, and giving
encouragement to scholars, poets, and artists.
He dabbled in literature himself to some ex-
tent, writing (Miriam' and The Great Pastoral. ?
His "Letters, Diplomatic Instructions, etc. , were
edited by Avenel (1853-68). Other works
credited to him are of doubtful authenticity.
Richepin, Jean (rēsh-pan').