No More Learning

26, 27, p. 63;
— Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. xxv. , p. 70.
Irish Version of the Historia Britcnum of p. 171.
Appendix i.
9 Such is the account
f Pledius o—
Also, Vita S. i Septima Patricii, pars,
given
another form of Palladius' name in "The xxviii. , xxix. , p. 123, and nn. 20, 21,22,
Nennius," edited with a Translation and Notes by Rev. Dr. James Henthorn Todd, and by the Hon. Algernon Herbert, pp.
Patriciana," No. iii. , pp. 25 to 37.
11
The name of this missionary is not to be found in the Irish Calendars.
,a There is no mention oi his name, in the Irish Calendars.
13 At the iodi of March, a St. Sylvester is
to be found in the Martyrology of Tallagh. See some account of him, at that date, in the Third Volume of this work, Art. i.
' 4 A feast has been assigned to Solonius, inMarr, by Dempster, and also by Ferrarius, who follows him.
cap.
,
l6 See D. Petrus Lombardus, " De Regno Hibernise, Sanctorum Insulae, Com- mentarius," cap. xiii. , pp. 61 to 63. Very Rev. Dr. Moran's Edition.
106, 107.
10 For several learned and
f See "Trias Colyan's
re- marks in reference to this district and to the Palladian churches, said to have been founded within it, the reader may consult the Rev. John Francis Shearman's " Loca
ingenious
Thaumaturga," Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. xxv. , p. 70.
l8 "
See Ussher's Britannicarum Ecclesia-
rum Anliquitates," cap. xvi. , pp. 418, 424.
*» See Rev. Dr. Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical History of Ireland/' vol. i. , chap, i. , sect, xvi. , n. 149, p. 45.
20 See Bishop Challoner's " Britannia Sancta," part ii. , July vL
8I Among these may be classed John Fordun and Hector Boece.
" According to John Fordun, Palladius arrived with a great companyin the eleventh
year of King Eugenius' reign.
a3 See Ussher's " Britannicarum Ecclesia-
rum Antiquitates," cap. xv. , pp. 351 to S<. e Colgan's Trias Thaumaturga," 353.
's"
Secunda Vita S. Patricii, cap. xxiv. , p. 13,
and nn. 18 Vita S. 32, 33, 34, p. ; Quarta
Patricii, cap. xxviii. , p. 38, andnn. 16 to 21,
3*
See on this subject, the remarks of
in his learned work "
Chalmers, Caledonia,"
vol. i. , bookii. , chap. vi.
pretend,
that he
July 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 75 nor was there any Scottish kingdom whatever in North Britain, during the
that Kenneth Mac established the Scottish denomination over the Picts, and that the whole of
Alban was regarded as the United Kingdom of Scotland.
If Palladius escaped with his life from Ireland, and arrived amongthe Britons
or Picts; it is thought to be most probable, that Galloway was the place where he landed and died,26 sickness having seized him in the country of the
fifth 2 s It was century.
only,
about the
year 839,
Alpin
Cruiihne. 2? One account 28 has
it,
that when Palladius was forced to leave
Ireland, he was obliged to go round the coast of Ireland towards the north.
Then, he was driven by a great tempest, until he reached the extreme part of
the Modhjiid, towards the south, where he founded the church of Fordoun
2
and Pledi, 9 called after him. According to the Scottish traditions,3° St.
1
Palladius arrived in Scotland, during the reign of Eugene^ and he long
ministered at the church of Fordoun. ^ This is now a midland parish, in
the county of Kincardine, where the kirk is romantically situated upon the eastern slope of the Hill of Strathfinla, overhanging the mountain stream of the Luther. ? 3 Near the mansion-house of Fordoun are distinct vestiges of a
Roman encampment, with the pretorium. 3*
Among other mistakes in reference to this saint, he has been accredited
with literary composition ; but, this is chiefly relying on the statement ofJohn Bale, 35 who is charged by Ussher, not only with giving credence to what other writers have laid down on such matters, but even with conjecturing what might probably have been written by those, who are included in his class of authors. 36 Palladius is stated to have been the author of "Vita Sancti Joannis Chrysostomi," in one book ;37 but this^should make him identical
with a Bishop of Helenopolis similarly named, while the supposition is con- tradicted by Vossius and Ussher, who expose that error. 38
The particulars of St. Palladius' labours in North Britain are but imper-
fectly known. The Scottish historians generally call St. Servanus 39 his dis-
ciple. Him, they say, Palladius made a Bishop, and sent to preach in the Isles of Orkney. Moreover, it is stated, that St. Ternan 4 ° had been Bishop
of the Picts. 4
time of St. Palladius. *2 A
suspicion
seems to have that St. Ternan prevailed,
succeeded his brother by
r
But, these two saints could not have been Bishops, in the
2s Only in the year 504 did the Scots emi- grate from Ireland under Loarn, who was
33 See Rev. Dr. J. F. S. Gordon's " Sco- tichronicon," vol. i. , pp. 39, 40.
34 See " Gazetteer of Scotland," Imperial
Fergus.
See William F. Skene's "Celtic
i6
Scotland: a History of Ancient Alban," vol. ii. , book ii. , chap, i. , p. 28.
vol i. , p. 665. "
=7 See Miss Mary F. Cusack's " Life of St.
Patrick, Apostle of Ireland," Irish Tri par- tite Life, translated by William M. Hen-
nessy, M. R. I. A. , part i. , p. 378. '
Britannia, quam nunc Angliam et Scotiam
vocant, Catalogus," Cent, xiv. , Num. vi.
28
The Scholion, on the Irish metrical
quitates," cap. xvi. , p. 423.
37 See John of Trittenheim's "Catalogus
Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum," fol. xxxiii. a.
Life of St. Patrick, by his disciple, St. Fiech. See Colgan's "Trias Thauma-
turga," Prima Vita S. Patricii, n. 13m, p. 5.
29 The local name was Paldy, a contrac- tion of Palladius.
30
As stated by John of Fordoun, John Major, Hector Boece and John Lesley.
31 Son to Fergus II.
32 One of the oldest and most authentic
histories of Scotland, and called the " Sco-
tichronicon," was written by John styled of Fordoun, who was incumbent of this parish
in 1377.
38 See Rev. Dr. J. F. S. Gordon's
"
Sco-
35 See Scriptorum Illustrium Majoris
3<5 See
"
Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Anti-
tichronicon," vol. i. , p. 39.
39 The feast of St. Servan or Serf is
usually assigned to the 1st day of July, where in the present volume, some notices of him are to be found, Art. ii.
—4° —atthe12thof
See account of him, June
in the Sixth Volume
4I He appears to have been identical with the Irish St. Torannon, or Torranan, venerated on the same day.
his feast of this work, Art. ii.
the day for
42 Ussher's According to
43 See Venerable Bede's
chronology,
"
Historia Eccle-
76 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July 6.
was the same as St. Torannan, and that the latter had been identical with St. Palladius, who is said to have been buried in Liconium, probably the old name of that place afterwards called Banchory-Ternan. The probable solu- tion is, that Ternan or Terrananus was really a disciple of St. Palladius, and that he brought the apostolic missionary's relics either from Ireland or from Galloway to his native district, in the territory of the southern Picts, who had been converted^ perhaps not long before, by St. Ninian" of Candida Casa, and, as the founder of the church of Fordun in honour of St. Palladius, he had become to some extent identified with his patron. 45 But, although Terrenanus might possibly have been a disciple to the reputed Apostle of the Picts, yet Servanus has no well founded claim to be regarded as possessing the same character. *6 In a Life of St. Kentigern, it is stated, that he was received and educated at Culross by Servanus. Besides, in the Life of St. Servanus which has has been preserved, there is no mention made either of Palladius or of Kentigern ; moreover, the former was a contemporary with
8
From all we can learn or infer regarding him, the mission of Palladius does not appear to have been extended or greatly prolonged in Scotland. One account has it,*9 that Augustine and Benedict had been in Britain with him, after his departure from Ireland. 50 We are not to accept as serious his-
Adamnan,47 while he founded the church of Culross in the reign of Brude,* King of the Picts.
tory those statements made51
that this early Scottish bishop had been sent to
Most writers are agreed, that the Scottish Apostle died at Fordun, where a chapel dedicated to him is now shown within the graveyard. It is locally believed, that this chapel had been erected at the time of St. Palladius' death. This is a building of very inconsiderable dimensions. The original church is said to have sunk, when another was built on its top. A curious Piscina is to be seen within the chapel," and it is cut out of a single stone, measuring 2 feet, by 18 inches, the arch being 18 inches high, by 11 broad. Having assumed, that the great Irish Apostle had been born at Kilpatrick, in Scotland, Harris tells us, that Palladius died among St. Patrick's relations. 54 This however is quite a gratuitous supposition. Assuming that St.
Patrick had been born of Christian parents, and in a Roman province in the south of Scotland ; it is not likely, that he could have had relatives at the more northern Fordun, and in the land of the pagan Picts. 55 The death of Palladius has been recorded at a. d. 431, by Archbishop Ussher,50 Walter Harris 5 ? and other writers. Where it is set down at this last date, a. d. 431, a difficulty must exist in assigning
siastica Gentis Anglorum," lib. i. Quinta Vita S. Patricii, lib. i. , cap. xxv. , pp. 44 His feast was kept, on the 16th of 48, 49.
,
— which Pelagian heresy, began
to resist the
Scottish church. At Fordun in the Mearns and said to have been situated In the plain of Girgin 52—Palladius is thought to have departed this life ; while some accounts have it, that he was there crowned with martyrdom.
Scotland, chiefly
to
spread
in the
September.
<s See William F. Skene's
a
"
By Archbishop Spottiswoode
land
Celtic Scot- of Ancient Alban," vol. ii. ,
Magh
History
book ii. , chap, i. , p. 30.
46 For want of sufficiently matured reflec- tion, however, we have placed him as a dis ciple of St. Palladius, at the 1st clay of July, in the present volume. See Art. ii.
:
54 See Harris' Ware, vol. i. , "Archbishops 4? He died, on the 23rd of September, of Armagh," p. II.
A. D. 704.
48 He reigned, from A. D. 697 to 706. 49 That of Probus.
ss See Rev. Dr. Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. i. , chap, iv. , sect. xviii. , n. 151, p. 200.
J° See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga,"
5<s See " Britannicarum Ecclesiarum And-
s' others,
$* The Irish form of this name was
and
Gherginn.
53 In Rev. Dr. J. F. S. Gordon's " Sco-
tichronicon," an engraving of it is intro- duced. See vol. i. , p. 40.
July 6. ] LIVES OE THE IRISH SAINTS. 77
St. Patrick's mission among the Irish to the early part of 432. According to
8 it should be incorrect to assign the death of Palladius to a. d. 431, which is supposed to have been that in which he left Rome, for his Irish mission. It would seem, however, to have taken place, not earlier than
c
a. d. 432 ; and, most probably, according to some, 9 it ought to be placed at
some later year. The mission of Palladius to the Scots believing in Christ
has been deferred to a. d. 433, by Matthew of Westminster,60 and by Matthew
of Paris l in which date, it may be assumed, his death should be f adopting
referred to a later year. About the year 450 is another period, to which it
2
has been assigned f but, it is not probable, that Palladius lived on to the
6 year last-mentioned. 3
To the 27th of January,64 a. d. 432, some writers have ascribed the death of Palladius. 6s The English Martyrology and Ferrarius notice a festival for him, at that date ; and which is the one, said to have found most favour with Irish Calendarists. 66 Yet, his chief feast was held on this day, the 6th of July, according to the Breviary of Aberdeen and several of the Scottish Calendars, such as in those of Arbuthnott,6? the Aberdeen Kalendar,68 and
Rev. Dr.
Lanigan,*
Martyrology,
King's Kalendar,7°
Dempster's Menologium
e9 Adam 12
Thomas
Scoticum,? Camerarius,? as also in the Scottish Kalendar of 1637. 73 At this
date, most writers of saints' Acts, have noticed the chief incidents of his life.
Among these may be quoted, Dean Cressy,74 Bishop Challenor,75 Rev. Alban
Butler,76 Rev. Dr. LanigatV7 Rev. P. J. Carew,78 Rev. M. J. Brenan, O. S. F. ,79
80 81 —and Les Petits Bollandistes.
Other festivals —
have been named
83
R. Chambers,
for his death viz. : December 15th, as also the 25th by the English
Index
57 This is the year in which he died, ac-
63 Thus, at Pridie Non. " Palladii — Epis-
copi Confessoris Apostoli Scotorum. "
quitates,"
Chronologicus, p. 516.
cording to Harris' Ware, vol. i. , "Arch- Ibid. , p. 118. 69 «
bishopsofArmagh,"p. 10. Thus "
Pridie N.
58 See Ecclesiastical History of Ire- Sancti Palladii Scotorum Apostoli," &c.
land," vol. i. , chap, i. , sect, xvi. , p. 39, and n. 149, pp. 44, 45 ; also chap, iv. , sect, xviii. , p. 198, and nn. 151, 153, pp. 200 to 202.
59 Among these is Tillemont, Le Sieur Le Nain, who discusses this matter in "Me- moirs pour servir a l'Histoire Ecclesiastique," tome xvi. , p. 784.
60
See "Flores Historiarum," p. 148. 61 "
:
Ibid. , 133.
70Thus "S. PadieorPalladiusapostile
:
of Scotland send be Pape —ccelestine ye first
Anglia grassante, tutaretur. K. B. B. T. "
See Chronica Majora," edited by Ibid. , p. 205.
"
Henry Richards Luard, M. A. , vol. i. , p. 181.
62 See Rev. Alban Butler's " Lives of the
6 Die. Sanctus Palladius EpiscopusetScotorumvelutApostolusmis- sus a —Ccelestino Romano Pontifice in Sco-
tiam. " Ibid. , p. 238.
—73 Thus : "6 e Prid. No. Palladius. " II|
Ibid. , p. 253.
74 See "Church History of Brittany," book ix. , chap, iii. , pp. 172 to 174.
75 See "A Memorial of British Piety,"
"
Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and other principal Saints," vol. vii. , July vi.
77 See "Ecclesiastical History of Ire- land," vol. i. , chap, i. , sects, xv. , xvi. , pp. 33 to 47-
78 See " Ecclesiastical History of Ire-
land," chap, ii. , pp. 30 to 35.
" See " Ecclesiastical History of Ire-
Fathers, Martyrs and other principal Saints, vol. vii. , July vi.
"
63 Yet, this statement is followed in R.
"
Chambers' Book of Days," vol. ii. , July 6,
p. 25.
6* At this date, in the First Volume
of this work is a notice of that feast, at Art. ix.
65 See Rev. Dr. Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical
History of Ireland," vol. i. , chap, i. , sect,
xvi. , n. 149, p. 45.
66
See the Bollandists' "Acta Sanctorum," tomu'3 ii. , Julii vi. De S.