No More Learning

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? M. 70. ] FHA PAOLO SARPI' 233
It is, however, painful to relate that in the year 1846, in an unknown
hour, the' tomb was disturbed, and the stone, bearing the same inscription
as now, was forcibly taken away. But if it was intended to make Paolo Sar-
pi forgotten' the attempt signally failed, as the government commanded an
investigation of the matter. The chest had not been touched, the hidden
stone was restored to its place, as also the defaced inscription.
The small island of S. Michael di Murano was visited with . great
interest. It lies about a mile to the north of the city of Venice; the
site of the church near the rocky shore is beautiful, and the cloisters
and grounds of the monastery/adjoininywhich was the Franciscan, are
now the cemetery of Venice. Close to the door of the Ambulaco lie
the remains of Fra Paolo Sarpi, with the following inscription on the
tomb.
Ossn
PAVLI SARPII
THEOL. REIP. VENE
X A EDE J'EA'Va,q1? ';E/\q~.
U o T BA Ns LAT A
A . MDGCCXXVIII
Dncnnro Punmco
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? ii'/B1'. .
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? 235
NOTES -
~_q@! '_\'
Inrnonurrox ---- page I.
The autograph " Life " differs in many respects from the printed
"Life. " Fulgenzio's M. S. , has a preface of which the following is a
translation.
" It was not my intention to write the life of the Rev. M. Paul of
the Order of the Servi in Venice, except in a very brief and concise
form, with the view of prefixing it to some of his moral sayings or
maxims, and to arrange them in order under proper heads when I had
leisure to collect them from among his papers, where they are found
written down as they occurred to his mind, as rules of conduct.
I should not have been moved from my purpose by the earnest entrea-
ties which have been made to me, not only by the friars of the Order but
by many different parties, even by persons in high place, all entreatiug
me to give them without delay this greatly desired boon. Although it is
highly to the interest of the Order, in which he of whom I speak served
G-od for sixty one years, of the country which gave birth to so excellent a
man, of the Prince for Whom he labored for seventeen years with matchless
faith and with no unfruitful results, and of the age in which we live
(which by the singular example of so great a man repels the charge that
has been made against it, of being unproductive of heroic virtues), that
the memory of one so pious and so virtuous should be preserved, I
deemed it unnecessary to undertake such a task, believing that his
own works were sufficient to perpetuate his glorious memory. But,
since envy and malignity, which usually end with death even in the
bitterest enemies, still cruelly pursue his venerable remains, and have sti-
mulated the same unjust fury against the dead which pursued the living
with poniards, poison and treacherous devices, that only failed of their
effect through the singular and admirable intervention of Divine Pro-
vidence, on this account I have withdrawn 1ny determination, and
I come forward to declare to the world that it is most unreasonable
that innocence is thus cruelly persecuted. I will write the life of
a man who merits a pen far superior to mine.
" The things I have to relate are so well known and have the con-
current testimony of so many hundreds of monks still living, and so
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? 236 NOTFS
i? :~/
7'
hm
'I______,.
many senators and nobles of this illustrious city, that whosoever shall
venture to deny them will encounter the opposition of a cloud of liv-
ing witnesses and of the very facts themselves. "
" Vita di Fra Paolo'Sarpi. Manoscritto autografo di Fra Fulgenzio
successore di lui nella carica di consultatore della Repub. Veneta; without,
and entitled: '
" Vita del Padre Paolo Sarpi dell'Ordine dei Servi, Teologo della
Serenissima Republica di Venezia, Archives of Venice. " No date, but
Fulgenzio notes, " Contarini now Most Serene Prince of Venetia. " '
Throughout this work Fulgenzio's vita di Sarpi, is cited thus MS.
The life of F. P. Sarpi by Fulgenzio published anonymously 1646, has
two clasped hands and Aeternitas on the title page. It was republished
1658. Labus had a letter of Fulgenzio to Galileo in which he speaks
of the work as his, and Sir Roger Twysden endeavored to prevail on
him to dispose of it, but Fulgenzio would not part with it. There are
son1e particulars respecting this, and other notes on Sarpi's works in
the Archaeolgia Cantiana from Sir R. T's papers for which I am in-
debted to Mr. Rye of the British Museum.
Fulgenzio died 7th Feb. 1554, aged 83, and the inscription on his
tomb gracefully alluded to him as the Sol Fulgens and Sydus Micans.
InrRonucrron --- page vr.
Auberi C. Acquapendente. Arrighetti. Asselineau. Alhazen. S.
Augustinus. Arnulphiu. Bellarmine. Baronius. Bizar. Bouhours.
Bentivoglio. De Burigny. Bonnani. Bossuet. Birch. Bergantini.
Blount. Boethius. Bovio. Bossuet. Bunsen. Contarini. Cotton.
Cicogna. Canaye. Caracciola Colomie. Cornet. Crasso. Cardella.
Castellani. Canale. Davila. De Thou. De Dominis. Donne. Do-
nato. Dandolo. Dupin. Foscarini. Filian. Filosi. Fontanini Gia-
nius. Garbij. Gualdo. Guissano. Gillot. Guette? e. Gilbert. Golat.
Gibbon. Gratiani. Gianotti. Giustiniani. Helyot. Haller. Hariot.
Harris. Houssaye. Herbert. Johnstone. Knolles. Llovd. Langier.
Lobeira. Lebret. Micanzio. Marsand. Maffei Manutius. Mazu-
chelli. Maurocenus. Magrini. Montanus. Muratori. Mexia. Mee-
'n-a'y. _ Montfaucon. Nani. Niceron. Nelli. D' Ossat. Orlandinus.
Du Plessis. /. _ Paruta. Pallavicino. Pole. Raynaldus. Richer. Ri-
badenoira. Rainal. Roh bacher. Sansovino. Sismondi. Salfi. Strypc.
St. Pre? t. Scaliger. S ooten. Simon. Sprengel. Twysden. _ Todd.
Valentinus. Vossius. Viet& Vignola. Vertot. Wotton. Welwood.
Winwood. . Zannetti.
CHAPTER II. -- page 8.
In one edition of F.
P's Latin letters, we read, Dicebantur Lawlesi
primum quod in laudibus B. M. V.
The words in Italics were probably supplied, as it is questioned if the
Servi ever were of the Laudcsi. Gianus says so, but not Fra Paolo.
1 1623-6.
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? NOTES 237
CHAPTER III. -- page 35.
1. Chronology.
2. Philosophy, law, government, ambassadors, the Uscochi, Avisi
and Mem. of the Valteline Council of Trent. MSS. of Greek Oratory,
Latin History, and Legal, and political maxims of government. Squit-
tino, Aviso, Affairs of the Republic. Spaniards and Grisons, Venetia
and its government, a book of Donato's. Relazione Riesca, de Thou's
assertions. -
3. Register of F. P. S's faults.
4. Meteorology and L'arte di ben penaare, Franzano.
5. " Pensieri, " MS. on the rainbow, reflection, geometry, spots on
the moon, optics, etc. Schedae Sarpianae the Interdict. Problems. So-
lutions de Natura Deorum.
6. Small books memoranda, written by F. Paolo, 1611-12, in one
dated 4th September 1612, he notes the transmission of the dispatch
sent to the Senate by the Venetian Ambassador in Rome, in Which
he gives notes of the orders of the Jesuit Pfissevin to assassinate Sarpi
in 1607,"which"adds Griselini"I verified by a comparison with the
copy of the same despatch asI communicated to me by the Sig. Con
Wrachien in 1779. "
Del Genio di F. Paolo. App. 179.
CHAPTER V. ---- page 73?
In Sarpi's time the prohibited list was some columns in length. The
Index, Gregory XVI, is 422 pages!
CnArrEn VII. -- page 121.
" M. Abain to M. de Villeroy,
" Sir, I lost the last opportunity of writing to you that I might now
avail myself of the delay of the couriers.
"The affair of the Venetians is the only topic which occupies the
attention of this court, in alarm on account of war, but of which there
is more fear than probability.
"The Pope has shown great satisfaction on the receipt of the let-
ters and offers of the King of Spain, so that there is a marked di-
minution of displeasure in his countenance. He speaks of preserving
the letter in the archives of the church, but those who know the
state of affairs of the King of Spain in Italy, and who (by the sus-
pension of the payment of pensions 'which he grants) judge of his
majesty's hopes of a fleet, believe that this letter will obtain a levy
from the Pope, which will render agreement with the Venetians more
difficult, and that they will attribute to the fear of the Spanish, the
resolute conduct which they have maintained until now, notwithstanding
the interposition of the king.
" Throughout this matter they recognize the Duke (Doge) of Venice,
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? 238 NOTES
because so enraged is he against this Court that they think he must
have formerly received some great cause of discontent, and that he
has concealed his displeasure till now, in order to revenge himself. I
well know that came as an ambassador , but I have
heard no particulars. All the towns and provinces of the States of the
. Church have offered the Pope to do their utmost. Rome is limited to
. a million of gold; the Marches of Ancona to fifty thousand loads of
corn. His ~I-Ioliness receives this as good will, without altogether ac-
cepting their offers; and two days since, having called Frederic Ghisi-
lieri, a tried soldier and relation of Pope Pius V. he represented to
him that he was only anxious on account of two places, viz. Fer-
rara, where Paul Savello commanded, and in whom he placed trust,
and the citadel of Ancona, where he had established him governor,
with commission to raise six hundred foot to guard the frontiers of
the Romagna. This discourse has confirmed the news Which has lately
been noised abroad, of the exchange of Ferrara with some state in
the kingdom of Naples, Which report, however, was soon dispelled or
silenced. The Ambassador of the Grand Duke is much astonished that
at the last audience the Cardinal Borghese did not speak to him of
this letter from Spain, believing that they do not trust his master,
who has always made offers, as well as the other princes, amongst
whom the Duke of Modena who had not been behind hand, a short
time since excused himself to the Pope, on account of so1ne troops
having crossed his dominions to enter- the Venetian service, saying that he
was ignorant of their intention.
"The Cardinal Bellarmine writes in Italian, by command of the
Pope, on this affair of the Venetians, and the Cardinal Baronius an-
swers the letters published by the Duke and Signory of Venice against
the Interdict, and defends them by examples of the obedient piety of
our kings, Charlemagne and Lothaire, as I have seen by his book, of
which he read a part to me, and told me he was sure that the ambas-
sador Would take it ill, that he had given this work to the Pope
(who had seen it, and only wished that it should be printed when all
hopes of accommodation were at an end), but I showed him that his
affection for the king was so well known that he ought not to fear its
being accounted strange, that a Cardinal in his position wrote in favour
of the church; of this I informed the ambassador.
"Every one has his pen in hand on this subject: ' The temporal
jurisdiction of the Pope. ' And even ten days since, Thomas Bovius,
an author who is celebrated for having published many books, showed
me a treatise Which he will publish immediately, in which he holds
opinions contrary to those advanced by the Cardinal Bellarmine in
this controversy, touching the temporal power of the Pope, but the
said Cardinal will explain his opinion at greater length in the book
which he is at present Writing. They say that the swordman of the
Cardinal Aldobrandini, has been killed at Ravenna, and that the Che-
valier Clement has been wounded, for having wished to exert authority,
which they formerly held there. The said Cardinal will at last resolve
to buy the principality of Berignan for his nephews, and thus to
employ the money which he has at Naples, which they will not per-
mit him to draw from Naples unless thus disposed of. This day, at
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? NOTES 239
an early hour, the Ambassador of Savoy had an extraordinary audience
of the Pope, and of the Cardinal Borghese.
" I have not learned what passed in the Chamber of Audience, but
it is supposed that it was on the affair which is here deemed the most
important, and thus I must finish, praying God to preserve you in good
health and long life. '
" Ever your very humble servant,
" Ansm. "
" At Rome, 10th July, 1606.
CHAPTER VII -- page 136.
Un nez dont l' epine est large, qu'il soit droit ou courbe? , annonee
toujours des faculte? s superieures jamais je n'yaiete? trompe? , mais cette
forme est tries rare. Vous pouvez parcourir dix mille visages dans la
nature, et mille portraits d'hommes ce? le? bres sans le retrouver une
seule fois, elle reparait eependant de plus au moins dans les portraits
dn Fauste Socin, de Swift, de Ce? sar Borgia, de Clepseker, d' Antoine
Pagi, de Jean Charles d' Enkenberg, (personnage fameux par sa prodi-
gieuse force de corps) de PAUL SARPI, de Pierre de Medicis, de Francois
Carrache de Cossini, de Lucas de Leyde, de Titien. "
Spine. dorsum nasi 163. du nez.
Lavater. L'art de connaitre les hommes par la physiognomie Tom.
VI p. 60 etc.
PonrnArzrs or PAOLO SArrr
That by Carpioni, apparently between 60 and years of age, is much
esteemed. -
That by Carletti Caliari is at Verona -- one in the Uffizi.
Sir Roger Twysden's was till lately in the possession of his descen-
dants. Dr. Donne bequeathed to the Bishop of Chichester the portrait of
of F. Paolo as well as Fulgenzio, " as of his acquaintance both men of
great note for their remarkable learning. "
There is a engraving of F. Paolo in the British Museum, and se-
veral in the Bib. Imp. Paris.
A sketch when young.
One after Tinelli, by Lucas.
That after Zucchero Dickenson.
A medallion engraving was presented to me by the Abbe? Valen-
tenelli, from a cameo formerly possessed by the Noble Molino, the
Work of Becellio, a scholar of Sansovino, then enriched with precious
stones but now in the Marciana, 'Without gold or gems.
There in an engraving of Fra Paolo at the Archives.
There is a fine bust of Fra Paolo Sarpi in the gallery of the Ducal
palace.
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? 240 NOTES
CHAPTER VIII. --- page 156.
SENTENZA DELL' ECCELSO CONSIGLIO
DEI X are.
10th of October, 1607.
Sentence of the Most Excellent the Council of Ten against Ri-
dolfo Poma, P. Michel Viti, Alessandro Parasio, Giovanni, Pasquale de
Bitonto. etc. , etc. ,
It is decreed on this 10th day of October, 1607, in the Council of
Ten, that Ridolfo Poma, Father Michel Vita (usually officiating in
the Church of the Holy Trinity), Alessandro Parrasio of Ancona,
Giovanni of Florence, son of Paulo, a man of ordinary height, with
arched eyes and red beard, formerly in the company of the Governor
Bartolomeo Nieno, Vicentino, appointed to the vessels bound to Soria
and Alexandria, a deserter from the said company; Pasquale, of Bi-
tonto, 32 years of age, of ordinary stature, corpulent, with black hair
and black beard, who formerly served in the company of Giovanni
Troglione, of Ancona, and of Padua. And it is proclaimed, in pur-
suance of the deliberations of this Council, that (these persons) being
absent and contumacious, viz. , the said Ridolfo, Father Michel, and
Alessandro, having been engaged in an atrocious conspiracy, and most
nefariously planned and contrived by them for a long period (the
more detestable and impious, because against the person of a member
of a religious order), and they, having employed the abovementioned
Giovanni and Pasquale, and kept them during many days on the watch
with intent to commit this deed; and who (assisted and supported by
the other three, and armed with stilettoes and short arquebuses, de-
testable arms, and expressly forbidden by our laws), 1 did deliberately
and treacherously on Friday, the fifth day of the present month, about
the twenty-third hour, assault the Father M. Paul Servite, Theologian
of our Signory, a person of great worth, and of exemplary life who
with his lay brother Fra Marino, was descending the bridge of Santa
Fosca to go to his convent, with intent to murder him, giving him
three violent thrusts with their stilettoes, whereby he received three
dangerous Wounds, in the face, and in the neck; one assailant taking
the lay brother by the arms, and holding him fast, that he should not
give him any aid, moreover, discharging their arquebuses against the
people, whom this strange and horrible event had drawn to the place,
and having betaken themselves to flight, leaving the stiletto in one of
the wounds, and having by means of gondolas joined the others, they
repaired to a ten--oared pilot boat awaiting for them on the Lido,
by which they hastily passed into foreign parts, and made their escape
after the perpetration of this execrable sacrilege committed against the
1 No one in Venice might carry fire-arms; strangers might carry their
swords only.
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? NOTES 241
peace and safety of a wellgoverned city, wherein all, even aliens, have
always found a sure refuge and abode.
Therefore, the above--mentioned Ridolfo, Father Michel, and Ales-
sandro, are banished for ever from this city, from the Venetian ter-
ritory, and from all other cities, lands, and places of our dominion,
and from our fleet, armed or disarmed.
Any one of these on crossing our boundaries shall be brought into
this city, and placed in a flat boat upon a raised scaffolding, with an
official, who shall publish his crime both by sea and land, and he
shall be brought to the bridge of Santa Fosca, where his right hand
shall be cut off, and separated from the arm, by the executioner, and
with the same tied to his neck, he shall he led by land at the tail
of a horse, " between the two columns, " of Saint Mark, where, upon
a raised scaffblding, his head shall be cut off, and separated from his
body, so that he die, and his body shall be divided into four quarters,
to be hung up on gibbets in the usual places. '
Whosoever shall take, or shall deliver up to justice, or who shall
kill in any place the aforesaid Ridolfo Poma, and proper evidence of
his death having been given, shall receive four thousand ducats from
his property, if any such there be, Which shall all (both that which
belongs to him, and that of which he shall at any time become pos-
sessed), be confiscated, and liable to payment of the same forfeiture;
if not, out of the money in the Treasury of this Council appointed for
rewards, which four thousand ducats shall be immediately counted out,
and paid down to the captors, or to those who kill him, or to their
attorneys, or deputies, if they have dealings through such, and like-
wise to their heirs, if there be any. And if his capture or death be
effected in any city or place of our dominions, the aforesaid reward '
shall be paid to him by the nearest Chancery' in any kind of money,
and in the manner above declared.
And there is granted to him, besides the said reward, the power to
obtain the release of a person who has been banished by this Council,
or with authority therefrom, even though there be in his sentence, a
specified time of exile. "
Whosoever shall take, or shall kill the said Poma in any place, out
of our dominions, shall receive in the manner before declared, four
thousand ducats as a reward, and the release of two persons banished
by this Council, or with authority therefrom, though there be-. . . '
Whosoever shall take, or shall kill in any place within our dominions,
the afore--mentioned Father Michel, or Alessandro, proper evidence of
his death having been given, there shall be given to him for each of
them two thousand ducats, in the manner above declared, and more-
over, obtain the release of one person banished by this Council, or with
authority therefrom, Whatever may have been the condition of banish-
ment as to time. And if he take or slay them out of our dominions,
1 Usual place of execution of criminals on the Piazzetta S. Mark's.
5' The price set on the head of any one.
3 Where the public monies were kept.
" Stretezze de balotte.
5 Idem.
as
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? 242 some
besides the reward of two thousand ducats, as aforesaid, he shall
obtain the release of two persons banished by this Council. .
The aforesaid indulgences are granted by this Council, and that
notwithstanding any general decree as to banishment, or any special
decree to the contrary. And by no power either now existing, or that ever
can exist, whether in virtue of banishment, or by means or warnings,
or denunciations, or any matter concerning the affairs of state, still less
by the capture or death of any other banished party equal or superior
to himself, can either of these three ever be released from the present
decree, or can any pardon be given him of suspension, compensation,
remission, tnitigation, or any imaginable diminution of the present sen-
tence, neither by way of second hearing, nor of safe conduct by
the request of any prince,_or for their gratification, nor by any other
public or private cause whatsoever, unless brought forward by all the
councillors rfic. ? fic. , and votes taken with their nine balls, and after-
wards with all the balls of the Council, restricted to the perfect num-
ber of seventeen, and in no other manner, and the processe fermato
shall first be read throughout to the said Council, which processe can-
not be removed from the coffer where it shall be placed, except by
vote taken by the balls of the Council from the five urns-the present
sentence being first read, together with the crime and the accusation of
the aforesaid persons. But if Father Michel Vita, or Alessandro Parrasio,
or either of them shall kill R-idolfo Poma in any place whatsoever,
proper evidence of the slaughter having been given, they shall obtain
their own full release, it being, however, understood that the aforesaid
Ridolfo is for ever excluded from such benefit, who cannot in any man-
ner, even by the capture or the slaughter of his two companions, or
of any others included in the present sentence procure his own release,
or receive the least mitigation of penalty.
If any subject of ours, whatever be his state and condition, without
any exception, even though he be connected with either of the aforesaid
three, in whatsover degree of affinity or kindred, shall give them any
aid, either in this state or elsewhere, or shall write to them, or give
them information, or shall hold any kind of intelligence with them, he
shall incur the penalty of confiscation of all his goods of every des-
cription, and shall be closely imprisoned for ten years; and if absent,
he shall be banished for the like time from all lands and places within
our territory, and the information given by the informer against these
criminals shallnot only be kept secret, but he shall receive five hundred
ducats from the treasury of this Council.
Giovanni of Florence, and Pasquale of Bitonto, aforenamed; are and
shall be held as banished for ever from this city, from the Venetian
territory, and from all other cities, lands and places of our dominiomi
and fleets, armed or disarmed. Any one of them passing the boundaries
of the state, and being taken, shall be brought into this city, and
placed in a flat boat, in which, upon a raised scaffolding, with an
official, who shall proclaim his crime by sea and by land; he shall be
brought to the bridge of Santa Fosca, where his right hand shall be
cut off and separated from the arm by the minister of justice, with
the same tied to his neck, he shall be led by land at the tail of a.
horse to between the two columns of St. Mark, where upon a raised
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? N OTE'S 243
scaffolding his head shall be cut off, and separated from his body, so
that he die, and his body shall be divided into four parts to be hung
upon the usual gibbets, with a reward to whosoever shall take either
of them within our confines, of a thousand ducats of the money of
the treasury of this Council, appointed for reward, and the release of
one person banished by this Council, or with authority therefrom, unless
there be votes, &c.