legs and feet, but the hind part
consists
of the
1503.
1503.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
16; Eutrop.
ii.
18; Val.
of bis time, and as tolerably well versed in Greek
Max. iv. 1. & 3; Plut. Coriol. 1. )
literature. (Brut. 67, 90. )
2. L. MARCIUS C. F. C. N. CENSORINUS, consul 4. (MARCIUS) CENSORINUS, one the friends
with M’. Manilius in B. c. 149, the first year of of Q. Cicero in Asia, B. C. 59 (Cic. ad Q. Fr. i. 2.
the third Punic war. Both consuls were ordered $ 4), may possibly be the same as the following.
to proceed to Carthage : the command of the army 5. L. MARCIUS L. F. C. N. CENSORINUS, a vio-
was entrusted to Manilius, and that of the fleet to lent partizan of M. Antony, and one of the prae-
Censorinus. In the negotiations between the i tors in B. C. 43. (Cic. Phil. xi. 5, 14, xii. 2,
consuls and Carthaginians which preceded actual duo praetores, xii. 8 ; comp. Garaton. ad xii. 8. )
hostilities, and of which Appian has given us a When Antony passed over into Asia after arrang-
detailed account, Censorinus acted as spokesinan ing the affairs of Greece in B. C. 41, he left Censo-
because he was the better orator. After the Car- rinus governor of the province. (Plut. Anton. 24. )
thaginians had refused compliance with the com- His adherence to Antony procured him the consul-
mands of the Romans, who required them to ship in 39 (Dion Cass. xlviii. 34), and we learn from
abandon Carthage and build another town not less the Triumphal Fasti, that he obtained a triumph
than ten miles from the sea, the consuls formally for some successes he had gained in Macedonia,
laid siege to the city ; but Censorinus was com- which must consequently have been his province.
pelled shortly afterwards to return to Rome in 6. C. MARCIUS L. F. L. N. CENSORINUS, son of
order to hold the comitia, leaving the conduct of No. 5, was consul in B. C. 8 (Dion Cass. lv. 5;
the siege in the hands of his colleague. (Appian, Plin. H. N. xxxiii
. 10. s. 47 ; Censorin. 22 ; Sue
Pun. 75–90, 97–99; Liv. Epit. 49; Flor. ii. ton. Vit. Horat. ; Lapis Ancyranus), and seems to
15; Eutrop. ir. 10; Oros. iv. 22 ; Vell. Pat. i. have obtained subsequently the government of
13; Zonar. ix, p. 463 ; Cic. Brut. 15, 27, ad aut. Syria, from the way in which he is mentioned by
xii. 5. ) Censorinus was censor in B. c. 147, with | Josephus (Ant. xvi. 6. § 2) in the decree of Augus-
## p. 665 (#685) ############################################
CENSORINUS.
665
CENSORINUS.
L:CENSOR
YWN
PMCIMAKS
SOMPELS.
Cl.
tus securing certain immunities to the Jews. He | verse a youthful head, and on the reverse a horse
died in Asia in A. D. 2, when he was in attendance at full gallop ; the fifth has on the obverse the
upon C. Caesar, the grandson of Augustus. His head of Apollo, and on the reverse, Silenus. (Eck-
denth was universally regretted : Velleius Pater- hel, v. p. 245, &c. )
culus calls him (ii. 102) * Vir demerendis homi-
nibus genitus. "
There are several interesting coins of the Marcia
gens, bearing upon them the names of C. Censorinus
and L. Censorinus ; but it is impossible to deter-
mine to which of the preceding Censorini they be-
long. Five specimens of these coins are given
below. The first three contain on the obverse the
heads of Numa Pompilius and Ancus Marcius, the CENSORI'NUS (Appius Claudius), is ranked
second and fourth kings of Rome, because the by 'Trebellius Pollio among the thirty tyrants
[comp: AUREOLUS), although the number is com-
CCENS
plete without the addition of his name, and he be-
longs not to the reign of Gallienus, but of Claudius
Gothicus. Censorinus, having devoted his youth
and manhood to a military career, attained to the
highest dignities. He was twice consul, twice
praefect of the praetorium, thrice praefect of the
city, four times proconsul, and discharged at va-
ROMA.
rious periods the duties of numerous inferior ap-
pointments. Full of years, and disabled by an
honourable wound received in the Persian war,
Marcia gens claimed to be descended from Ancus under Valerian, he had retired to pass the evening
Marcius (MARCIA GENS), and the latter was sup- of his days on his estate, when he was suddenly
posed to be the grandson of Numa Pompilius. In proclaimed emperor by a body of mutinous troops,
these three coins Numa is represented with a beard, and invested with the purple at Bologna, in A. D.
270. Having, however, displayed a determination
to enforce strict discipline, he was forth with put to
death by the same soldiers who had raised him to
SC. CENS
a throne. If any genuine medals of this prince
ROMAS
exist, which is very doubtful, they have never been
described with sufficient accuracy to render them
of any historical value, or even to enable us to de
termine whether the names Appius Claudius formed
avon0000-
part of his designation. Birago, in his Numismata
(Mediol. 1683), quotes a Greek coin supposed to
and Ancus without, probably to mark the relation indicate the third year of the reign of Censorinus ;
between them of grandfather and grandson. The but, since no account is given of the place where
obverse of the first contains the inscription NVMAF. it was preserved, it was in all probability a forgery,
POMPILI. ANCL MARCI. , and that of the second especially as we have no reason to believe that the
NVMA. POMPILI. ANCVS. MARCI. The reverse of pretender maintained his authority beyond the space
of a few days. Tillemont supposes, that the Victori-
nus mentioned by the younger Victor as having as-
sumed the purple under Claudius is the same person
with our Censorinus. (Trebell. Pollio, Trig. Tyr. ; Til-
lemont, Histoire des Empereurs, vol. p. 37. ) (W. R. ]
CCIWSER
CENSORI'NUS, the compiler of a treatise en-
titled de Die Natali, which treats of the generation
the first represents two arches, in one of which of man, of his natal hour, of the influence of the
Victory stands on a pillar, and in the other is the stars and
genii upon his career, and discusses the
prow of a vessel, with the moon above. The re various methods employed for the division and
verse of the second contains two prows also with a calculation of time, together with sundry topics
figure of Victory; and both coins seem to have re- connected with astronomy, mathematics,
geography,
ference to the harbour of Ostia, which was built and music. It affords much valuable information
by Ancus Marcius. The reverse of the third coin with regard to the various systerns of ancient chro
represents a desultor riding with two horses, as he nology, and is constantly referred to by those who
was accustomed to leap from one to another in the bave investigated these topics. The book is dedi-
public games, while they were at full gallop. (Dict
. cated to a certain Q. Cerellius, whom the writer
of Ant. s. v. Desultor. ) The fourth and fifth coins addresses as his patron and benefactor (c. 1), and
are of less importance : the fourth has on the ob- was composed in the year A. D. 238, in the consul-
ship of Ulpius and Pontianus (c. 21). Censorinus
terms Rome the communis patria” of himself and
Cerellius (c. 16); and this fact, along with those
detailed above, comprise the whole knowledge we
possess with regard to the work and its author. A
FC SENSOR fragment de Metris and lost tracts de Accentibus
and de Geometria are ascribed, but upon no sure
evidence, to this same Censorinus. Carrio, in luis
TVMA.
தயா
TO
wr
Dosovo
## p. 666 (#686) ############################################
666
CENTAURI.
CENTHO.
centaurs
;
edition published at Paris in 1583, divided the As regards the origin of the notion respecting
twenty-fourth chapter of the de Die Natali into the centaurs, we must remember, in the first place,
two parts, considering the latter half to be from a that bull-hunting on horseback was a national
different hand, and to belong to an essay de Natu- custom in Thessaly (Schol. ad Pind. p. 319, ed.
rali Institutione.
Boeckh), and, secondly, that the Thessalians in
The editio princeps of Censorinus is in 4to. , with early times spent the greater part of their lives on
out date, place, or printer's name, and contains also horseback. It is therefore not improbable that the
the Tabula of Cebes, Plutarch De Invidia et Odio, Thessalian mountaineers may at some carly period
an oration of Basil upon the same subject and his have made upon their neighbouring tribes the same
epistle to Gregory of Nazianzus “de Vita Solitaria," impression as the Spaniards did upon the Mexicans,
all translated into Latin. The second edition, namely, that horse and man were one being. The
printed at Bologna, fol. 1497, is combined with the
were frequently represented in ancient
Tubula of Cebes, a dialogue of Lucian, the Enchi- works of art, and it is here that the idea of them
ridion of Epictetus, Plutarch and Basil De Invidia is most fully developed. There are two forms in
et Odio. The first critical edition is that by Vinetus, which the centaurs were represented in works of
Pictav. 4to. 1568, followed by those of Aldis Ma- art. In the first they appear as men down to their
nutius, Venet. 8vo. 1581, and Carrio, Lutet. 8vo.
legs and feet, but the hind part consists of the
1503. The most complete and valuable is that by body, tail, and hind legs of a horse (Paus. v. 19.
Havercamp, Lug. Bai. 8vo. 1743: the most recent $ 2); the second form, which was probably not
is that of Gruber, Noremb. 8vo. 1805. [W. R. ] used before the time of Phidias and Alcamenes,
CENTAURI (Kévtavpoi), that is, the bull represents the centaurs as men from the head to
killers, are according to the earliest accounts a race the loins, and the remainder is the body of a horse
of men who inhabited the mountains and forests of with its four feet and tail. (Paus. v. 10. $ 2;
Thessaly. They are described as leading a rude Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 4. ) It is probably owing to
and savage life, occasionally carrying off the women the resemblance between the nature of the cen-
of their neighbours, as covered with hair and rang- taurs and that of the satyrs, that the former were
ing over their mountains like animals. But they in later times drawn into the sphere of Dionysiac
were not altogether unacquainted with the useful beings; but here they appear no longer as savage
arts, as in the case of Cheiron. (Hom. 1. i. 268, monsters, but as tamed by the power of the god.
ii. 743, in which passages they are called onpes, They either draw the chariot of the god, and play
that is, Iñpes, Od. xxi. 295, &c. ; Hesiod. Scut. the horn or lyre, or they appear in the train of
Herc. 104, &c. ) Now, in these earliest accounts, Dionysus, among the Satyrs, Fauns, Nymphs,
the centaurs appear merely as a sort of gigantic, Erotes, and Bacchantes. It is remarkable that
savage, or animal-like beings; whereas, in later there were also female centaurs, who are said to
writers, they are described as monsters (hippo- have been of great beauty. (Philostr. Icon. ii. 3;
centaurs), whose bodies were partly human and comp. Voss, Mythol. Briefe, ii
. p. 265, &c. ; Bötti-
partly those of horses. This strange mixture of ger, Vasengem. in. p. 75, &c. )
[L. S. )
the human form with that of a horse is accounted C. CENTE'NIUS, propraetor in B. c. 217, was
for, in the later traditions, by the history of their sent by the consul Cn. Servilius Geminus from the
origin. Ixion, it is said, begot by a cloud Cen- neighbourhood of Ariminum with 4000 cavalry to
taurus, a being hated by gods and men, who begot the assistance of his colleague C. Flaminius in
the hippocentaurs on mount Pelion, by mixing Etruria, whom he intended to join with all his
with Niagnesian mares. (Pind. Pyth. ii. 80, &c. ) forces. Centenius took possession of a narrow
According to Diodorus (iv. 69; comp. Hygin. Fab. pass in Umbria near the lake Plestine, so called
33), the centaurs were the sons of Ixion himself from a town, Plestia, in its neighbourhood ; and
by a cloud; they were brought up by the nymphs here, after Hannibal's victory at the Trasimene lake,
of Pelion, and begot the Hippocentaurs by mares. he was attacked by Maharbal, one of Hannibal's
Others again relate, that the centaurs were the off- officers, and defeated; those of his troops that
spring of Ixion and his mares; or that Zeus, me- were not killed took refuge on a hill, but were
tamoiphosed into a horse, begot them by Dia, the compelled to surrender next day. Appian, who is
wife of Ixion. (Serv. ad Aen. viii. 293; Nonn. the only writer that gives us the exact place of
Dionys. xvi. 240, xiv. 193. ) From these accounts this defeat, confounds C. Centenius with the M.
it appears, that the ancient centaurs and the later Centenius mentioned below. (Polyb. iii. 86; Liv.
hippocentaurs were two distinct classes of beings, xxii. &; Appian, Anib. 9–11, 17; Zonar. riii.
although the name of centaurs is applied to both 25; C. Nepos. Hannib. 4. )
by ancient as well as modern writers.
M. CENTEÄNIUS PE'NULA, first centurion
The Centaurs are particularly celebrated in an- of the triarii (primi pili), who had obtained his
(
cient story for their fight with the Lapithae, which discharge after serving his full military time, and
arose at the marriage-feast of Peirithous, and the was distinguished for his bravery, obtained from
subject of which was extensively used by ancient the senate in B. c. 212 the command of 8000 men,
poets and artists. This fight is sometimes put in half of whom were Roman citizens and half allies,
connexion with a combat of Heracles with the by his assurance that his knowledge of the enemy
centaurs. (Apollod. ii. 5. § 4; Diod. iv. 12; Eurip. and the country would enable him to gain some
Herc. fur. 181, &c. ; Soph. Trachin. 1095; Nonn. great advantage in a short time. The number of
Dionys. xiv. 367 ; Ov. Met. xii. 210, &c. ; Virg. men granted him by the senate was nearly doubled
Georg. ii. 455. ) The scene of the contest is placed by volunteers; and with these he marched into
by some in Thessaly, and by others in Arcadia. Lucania, offered battle to Hannibal, and was, as a
It ended by the centaurs being expelled from their matter of course, defeated. (Liv. xxv. 19; Oros.
country, and taking refuge on mount Pindus, on iv. 16. )
the frontiers of Epeirus. Cheiron is the most CENTHO, a surname of C. Claudius, consul
celebrated among the centaurs. (CHEIRON. ) B. c. 210. [CLAUDIUS. ]
## p. 667 (#687) ############################################
CEPHALION.
667
CEPHALUS.
CENTUMALUS, the name of a family of the Euseb. Chron. i. p. 30; Syncell. p. 167; Vossius, de
plebeian Fulvia gens.
Hist. Graec. p. 262, ed. Westermann. ) [G. E. L. C. ]
1. CN. FULVIUS CN. F. CN. N. MAXIMUS CEN- CEPHALON (Κεφάλων), called ο Γεργήθιος or
TUMALUS, legate of the dictator M. Valerius Cor- repylotos from a town in the Cuman territory
vus in the Etruscan war, B. C. 301, and consul in named répyndes or répyides. (Strab. xiii. p. 589. )
298 with L. Cornelius Scipio, when he gained a He wrote an account of the fortunes of Aeneas
brilliant victory over the Samnites near Bovianum, after the taking of Troy, called Troica (Tpwiká).
and afterwards took this town and Aufidena. It His date is unknown, but he is called by Dionysius
would also appear that he subsequently obtained of Halicarnassus (i. 72) ovgypapevs naraos tóvv.
some successes in Etruria, as the Capitoline Fasti | Athenaeus (ix. 393, d. ) calls him Cephalion, and
speak of his triumph in this year as celebrated remarks, that the Troica which went under his
over the Samnites and Etruscans. In 295 he name, was in reality the work of Hegesianax of
served as propraetor in the great campaign of Q. Alexandria. (Vossius, de Hist. Gracc. p. 412, ed.
Fabius Maximus and P. Decius Mus, and gained Westermann. )
[G. E. L. C. ]
a victory over the Etruscans. (Liv. x. 4, 11, 22, CE'PHALUS (Kéoulos). 1. A son of Hermes
26, 27, 30. )
and Herse, was carried off by Eos, who became by
The Fasti Capitolini mention a dictator of this him the mother of Tithonus in Syria. (Apollod.
name in 263, who is either the same as the pre- iii. 14.
Max. iv. 1. & 3; Plut. Coriol. 1. )
literature. (Brut. 67, 90. )
2. L. MARCIUS C. F. C. N. CENSORINUS, consul 4. (MARCIUS) CENSORINUS, one the friends
with M’. Manilius in B. c. 149, the first year of of Q. Cicero in Asia, B. C. 59 (Cic. ad Q. Fr. i. 2.
the third Punic war. Both consuls were ordered $ 4), may possibly be the same as the following.
to proceed to Carthage : the command of the army 5. L. MARCIUS L. F. C. N. CENSORINUS, a vio-
was entrusted to Manilius, and that of the fleet to lent partizan of M. Antony, and one of the prae-
Censorinus. In the negotiations between the i tors in B. C. 43. (Cic. Phil. xi. 5, 14, xii. 2,
consuls and Carthaginians which preceded actual duo praetores, xii. 8 ; comp. Garaton. ad xii. 8. )
hostilities, and of which Appian has given us a When Antony passed over into Asia after arrang-
detailed account, Censorinus acted as spokesinan ing the affairs of Greece in B. C. 41, he left Censo-
because he was the better orator. After the Car- rinus governor of the province. (Plut. Anton. 24. )
thaginians had refused compliance with the com- His adherence to Antony procured him the consul-
mands of the Romans, who required them to ship in 39 (Dion Cass. xlviii. 34), and we learn from
abandon Carthage and build another town not less the Triumphal Fasti, that he obtained a triumph
than ten miles from the sea, the consuls formally for some successes he had gained in Macedonia,
laid siege to the city ; but Censorinus was com- which must consequently have been his province.
pelled shortly afterwards to return to Rome in 6. C. MARCIUS L. F. L. N. CENSORINUS, son of
order to hold the comitia, leaving the conduct of No. 5, was consul in B. C. 8 (Dion Cass. lv. 5;
the siege in the hands of his colleague. (Appian, Plin. H. N. xxxiii
. 10. s. 47 ; Censorin. 22 ; Sue
Pun. 75–90, 97–99; Liv. Epit. 49; Flor. ii. ton. Vit. Horat. ; Lapis Ancyranus), and seems to
15; Eutrop. ir. 10; Oros. iv. 22 ; Vell. Pat. i. have obtained subsequently the government of
13; Zonar. ix, p. 463 ; Cic. Brut. 15, 27, ad aut. Syria, from the way in which he is mentioned by
xii. 5. ) Censorinus was censor in B. c. 147, with | Josephus (Ant. xvi. 6. § 2) in the decree of Augus-
## p. 665 (#685) ############################################
CENSORINUS.
665
CENSORINUS.
L:CENSOR
YWN
PMCIMAKS
SOMPELS.
Cl.
tus securing certain immunities to the Jews. He | verse a youthful head, and on the reverse a horse
died in Asia in A. D. 2, when he was in attendance at full gallop ; the fifth has on the obverse the
upon C. Caesar, the grandson of Augustus. His head of Apollo, and on the reverse, Silenus. (Eck-
denth was universally regretted : Velleius Pater- hel, v. p. 245, &c. )
culus calls him (ii. 102) * Vir demerendis homi-
nibus genitus. "
There are several interesting coins of the Marcia
gens, bearing upon them the names of C. Censorinus
and L. Censorinus ; but it is impossible to deter-
mine to which of the preceding Censorini they be-
long. Five specimens of these coins are given
below. The first three contain on the obverse the
heads of Numa Pompilius and Ancus Marcius, the CENSORI'NUS (Appius Claudius), is ranked
second and fourth kings of Rome, because the by 'Trebellius Pollio among the thirty tyrants
[comp: AUREOLUS), although the number is com-
CCENS
plete without the addition of his name, and he be-
longs not to the reign of Gallienus, but of Claudius
Gothicus. Censorinus, having devoted his youth
and manhood to a military career, attained to the
highest dignities. He was twice consul, twice
praefect of the praetorium, thrice praefect of the
city, four times proconsul, and discharged at va-
ROMA.
rious periods the duties of numerous inferior ap-
pointments. Full of years, and disabled by an
honourable wound received in the Persian war,
Marcia gens claimed to be descended from Ancus under Valerian, he had retired to pass the evening
Marcius (MARCIA GENS), and the latter was sup- of his days on his estate, when he was suddenly
posed to be the grandson of Numa Pompilius. In proclaimed emperor by a body of mutinous troops,
these three coins Numa is represented with a beard, and invested with the purple at Bologna, in A. D.
270. Having, however, displayed a determination
to enforce strict discipline, he was forth with put to
death by the same soldiers who had raised him to
SC. CENS
a throne. If any genuine medals of this prince
ROMAS
exist, which is very doubtful, they have never been
described with sufficient accuracy to render them
of any historical value, or even to enable us to de
termine whether the names Appius Claudius formed
avon0000-
part of his designation. Birago, in his Numismata
(Mediol. 1683), quotes a Greek coin supposed to
and Ancus without, probably to mark the relation indicate the third year of the reign of Censorinus ;
between them of grandfather and grandson. The but, since no account is given of the place where
obverse of the first contains the inscription NVMAF. it was preserved, it was in all probability a forgery,
POMPILI. ANCL MARCI. , and that of the second especially as we have no reason to believe that the
NVMA. POMPILI. ANCVS. MARCI. The reverse of pretender maintained his authority beyond the space
of a few days. Tillemont supposes, that the Victori-
nus mentioned by the younger Victor as having as-
sumed the purple under Claudius is the same person
with our Censorinus. (Trebell. Pollio, Trig. Tyr. ; Til-
lemont, Histoire des Empereurs, vol. p. 37. ) (W. R. ]
CCIWSER
CENSORI'NUS, the compiler of a treatise en-
titled de Die Natali, which treats of the generation
the first represents two arches, in one of which of man, of his natal hour, of the influence of the
Victory stands on a pillar, and in the other is the stars and
genii upon his career, and discusses the
prow of a vessel, with the moon above. The re various methods employed for the division and
verse of the second contains two prows also with a calculation of time, together with sundry topics
figure of Victory; and both coins seem to have re- connected with astronomy, mathematics,
geography,
ference to the harbour of Ostia, which was built and music. It affords much valuable information
by Ancus Marcius. The reverse of the third coin with regard to the various systerns of ancient chro
represents a desultor riding with two horses, as he nology, and is constantly referred to by those who
was accustomed to leap from one to another in the bave investigated these topics. The book is dedi-
public games, while they were at full gallop. (Dict
. cated to a certain Q. Cerellius, whom the writer
of Ant. s. v. Desultor. ) The fourth and fifth coins addresses as his patron and benefactor (c. 1), and
are of less importance : the fourth has on the ob- was composed in the year A. D. 238, in the consul-
ship of Ulpius and Pontianus (c. 21). Censorinus
terms Rome the communis patria” of himself and
Cerellius (c. 16); and this fact, along with those
detailed above, comprise the whole knowledge we
possess with regard to the work and its author. A
FC SENSOR fragment de Metris and lost tracts de Accentibus
and de Geometria are ascribed, but upon no sure
evidence, to this same Censorinus. Carrio, in luis
TVMA.
தயா
TO
wr
Dosovo
## p. 666 (#686) ############################################
666
CENTAURI.
CENTHO.
centaurs
;
edition published at Paris in 1583, divided the As regards the origin of the notion respecting
twenty-fourth chapter of the de Die Natali into the centaurs, we must remember, in the first place,
two parts, considering the latter half to be from a that bull-hunting on horseback was a national
different hand, and to belong to an essay de Natu- custom in Thessaly (Schol. ad Pind. p. 319, ed.
rali Institutione.
Boeckh), and, secondly, that the Thessalians in
The editio princeps of Censorinus is in 4to. , with early times spent the greater part of their lives on
out date, place, or printer's name, and contains also horseback. It is therefore not improbable that the
the Tabula of Cebes, Plutarch De Invidia et Odio, Thessalian mountaineers may at some carly period
an oration of Basil upon the same subject and his have made upon their neighbouring tribes the same
epistle to Gregory of Nazianzus “de Vita Solitaria," impression as the Spaniards did upon the Mexicans,
all translated into Latin. The second edition, namely, that horse and man were one being. The
printed at Bologna, fol. 1497, is combined with the
were frequently represented in ancient
Tubula of Cebes, a dialogue of Lucian, the Enchi- works of art, and it is here that the idea of them
ridion of Epictetus, Plutarch and Basil De Invidia is most fully developed. There are two forms in
et Odio. The first critical edition is that by Vinetus, which the centaurs were represented in works of
Pictav. 4to. 1568, followed by those of Aldis Ma- art. In the first they appear as men down to their
nutius, Venet. 8vo. 1581, and Carrio, Lutet. 8vo.
legs and feet, but the hind part consists of the
1503. The most complete and valuable is that by body, tail, and hind legs of a horse (Paus. v. 19.
Havercamp, Lug. Bai. 8vo. 1743: the most recent $ 2); the second form, which was probably not
is that of Gruber, Noremb. 8vo. 1805. [W. R. ] used before the time of Phidias and Alcamenes,
CENTAURI (Kévtavpoi), that is, the bull represents the centaurs as men from the head to
killers, are according to the earliest accounts a race the loins, and the remainder is the body of a horse
of men who inhabited the mountains and forests of with its four feet and tail. (Paus. v. 10. $ 2;
Thessaly. They are described as leading a rude Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 4. ) It is probably owing to
and savage life, occasionally carrying off the women the resemblance between the nature of the cen-
of their neighbours, as covered with hair and rang- taurs and that of the satyrs, that the former were
ing over their mountains like animals. But they in later times drawn into the sphere of Dionysiac
were not altogether unacquainted with the useful beings; but here they appear no longer as savage
arts, as in the case of Cheiron. (Hom. 1. i. 268, monsters, but as tamed by the power of the god.
ii. 743, in which passages they are called onpes, They either draw the chariot of the god, and play
that is, Iñpes, Od. xxi. 295, &c. ; Hesiod. Scut. the horn or lyre, or they appear in the train of
Herc. 104, &c. ) Now, in these earliest accounts, Dionysus, among the Satyrs, Fauns, Nymphs,
the centaurs appear merely as a sort of gigantic, Erotes, and Bacchantes. It is remarkable that
savage, or animal-like beings; whereas, in later there were also female centaurs, who are said to
writers, they are described as monsters (hippo- have been of great beauty. (Philostr. Icon. ii. 3;
centaurs), whose bodies were partly human and comp. Voss, Mythol. Briefe, ii
. p. 265, &c. ; Bötti-
partly those of horses. This strange mixture of ger, Vasengem. in. p. 75, &c. )
[L. S. )
the human form with that of a horse is accounted C. CENTE'NIUS, propraetor in B. c. 217, was
for, in the later traditions, by the history of their sent by the consul Cn. Servilius Geminus from the
origin. Ixion, it is said, begot by a cloud Cen- neighbourhood of Ariminum with 4000 cavalry to
taurus, a being hated by gods and men, who begot the assistance of his colleague C. Flaminius in
the hippocentaurs on mount Pelion, by mixing Etruria, whom he intended to join with all his
with Niagnesian mares. (Pind. Pyth. ii. 80, &c. ) forces. Centenius took possession of a narrow
According to Diodorus (iv. 69; comp. Hygin. Fab. pass in Umbria near the lake Plestine, so called
33), the centaurs were the sons of Ixion himself from a town, Plestia, in its neighbourhood ; and
by a cloud; they were brought up by the nymphs here, after Hannibal's victory at the Trasimene lake,
of Pelion, and begot the Hippocentaurs by mares. he was attacked by Maharbal, one of Hannibal's
Others again relate, that the centaurs were the off- officers, and defeated; those of his troops that
spring of Ixion and his mares; or that Zeus, me- were not killed took refuge on a hill, but were
tamoiphosed into a horse, begot them by Dia, the compelled to surrender next day. Appian, who is
wife of Ixion. (Serv. ad Aen. viii. 293; Nonn. the only writer that gives us the exact place of
Dionys. xvi. 240, xiv. 193. ) From these accounts this defeat, confounds C. Centenius with the M.
it appears, that the ancient centaurs and the later Centenius mentioned below. (Polyb. iii. 86; Liv.
hippocentaurs were two distinct classes of beings, xxii. &; Appian, Anib. 9–11, 17; Zonar. riii.
although the name of centaurs is applied to both 25; C. Nepos. Hannib. 4. )
by ancient as well as modern writers.
M. CENTEÄNIUS PE'NULA, first centurion
The Centaurs are particularly celebrated in an- of the triarii (primi pili), who had obtained his
(
cient story for their fight with the Lapithae, which discharge after serving his full military time, and
arose at the marriage-feast of Peirithous, and the was distinguished for his bravery, obtained from
subject of which was extensively used by ancient the senate in B. c. 212 the command of 8000 men,
poets and artists. This fight is sometimes put in half of whom were Roman citizens and half allies,
connexion with a combat of Heracles with the by his assurance that his knowledge of the enemy
centaurs. (Apollod. ii. 5. § 4; Diod. iv. 12; Eurip. and the country would enable him to gain some
Herc. fur. 181, &c. ; Soph. Trachin. 1095; Nonn. great advantage in a short time. The number of
Dionys. xiv. 367 ; Ov. Met. xii. 210, &c. ; Virg. men granted him by the senate was nearly doubled
Georg. ii. 455. ) The scene of the contest is placed by volunteers; and with these he marched into
by some in Thessaly, and by others in Arcadia. Lucania, offered battle to Hannibal, and was, as a
It ended by the centaurs being expelled from their matter of course, defeated. (Liv. xxv. 19; Oros.
country, and taking refuge on mount Pindus, on iv. 16. )
the frontiers of Epeirus. Cheiron is the most CENTHO, a surname of C. Claudius, consul
celebrated among the centaurs. (CHEIRON. ) B. c. 210. [CLAUDIUS. ]
## p. 667 (#687) ############################################
CEPHALION.
667
CEPHALUS.
CENTUMALUS, the name of a family of the Euseb. Chron. i. p. 30; Syncell. p. 167; Vossius, de
plebeian Fulvia gens.
Hist. Graec. p. 262, ed. Westermann. ) [G. E. L. C. ]
1. CN. FULVIUS CN. F. CN. N. MAXIMUS CEN- CEPHALON (Κεφάλων), called ο Γεργήθιος or
TUMALUS, legate of the dictator M. Valerius Cor- repylotos from a town in the Cuman territory
vus in the Etruscan war, B. C. 301, and consul in named répyndes or répyides. (Strab. xiii. p. 589. )
298 with L. Cornelius Scipio, when he gained a He wrote an account of the fortunes of Aeneas
brilliant victory over the Samnites near Bovianum, after the taking of Troy, called Troica (Tpwiká).
and afterwards took this town and Aufidena. It His date is unknown, but he is called by Dionysius
would also appear that he subsequently obtained of Halicarnassus (i. 72) ovgypapevs naraos tóvv.
some successes in Etruria, as the Capitoline Fasti | Athenaeus (ix. 393, d. ) calls him Cephalion, and
speak of his triumph in this year as celebrated remarks, that the Troica which went under his
over the Samnites and Etruscans. In 295 he name, was in reality the work of Hegesianax of
served as propraetor in the great campaign of Q. Alexandria. (Vossius, de Hist. Gracc. p. 412, ed.
Fabius Maximus and P. Decius Mus, and gained Westermann. )
[G. E. L. C. ]
a victory over the Etruscans. (Liv. x. 4, 11, 22, CE'PHALUS (Kéoulos). 1. A son of Hermes
26, 27, 30. )
and Herse, was carried off by Eos, who became by
The Fasti Capitolini mention a dictator of this him the mother of Tithonus in Syria. (Apollod.
name in 263, who is either the same as the pre- iii. 14.
