No More Learning

(1478); Miscellanea' (1489), a collection
of his essays in philology and criticism ; several
poems in elegant Latin, among them (Manto,
in praise of Virgil; (Ambra, an idyllic sketch
of Tuscan landscape; (The Countryman,' cele-
brating the delights of rural life wrote in
Italian the stanzas called (The Joust,' on Giuli-
ano de' Medici's victory in a tournament; and
(Orpheus, a lyric drama.
Polko, Elise (põl’ko). A German story-
writer; born at Leipsic, Jan. 31, 1822. She
wrote an interesting series of (Musical Tales)
(first installment 1852); also (A Woman's Life)
(1854); "In the Artist World); (Reminiscences
of Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy) (1868); (Con-
versations) (1872);' From the Year 1870); New
Story-Book) (1884).
Pollard, Edward Albert. An American
journalist and author ; born in Virginia, Feb.
27, 1828; died at Lynchburg, Va. , Dec. 12, 1872.
As editor of the Richmond Examiner during
the Civil War, he was an earnest advocate of
the Confederate cause, but an active opponent
of Jefferson Davis. Among his numerous works
are: Black Diamonds) (1859); “Southern His-
tory of the War) (1862); (The Lost Cause)
(1866); “The Life of Jefferson Davis) (1869).
Pollard, Josephine. An American writer of
juvenile literature; born in New York city in
1843; died in 1892. Her works include : (The
Gypsy Books) (1873-74); "Elfin Land) (1882),
poems; (Gellivor, a Christmas Legend (1882);
i The Boston Tea Party) (1882).
Pöllnitz, Karl Ludwig (pėl'nits). A Ger-
man adventurer, known as a writer of memoirs;
born 1692; died 1775. He was at one time mas.
ter of ceremonies at the court of Frederick the
Great. He wrote La Saxe Galante) (1737 :
the private life of Augustus of Saxony), and
Memoirs of his own life and times (1734).
Pollock, Walter Herries. An English edi.
tor, poet, and author, son of Sir W. F. Pollock;
born in London in 1850. He was admitted to
the bar in 1874, has delivered lectures at the
Royal Institution, and from 1884 to 1894 acted
as editor of the Saturday Review. Among his
miscellaneous literary and poetical publications
are : Lectures on French Poets); ' The Picture's
Secret,' a novel; (Songs and Rhymes, Eng.
lish and French); a translation of De Musset's
(Nights); “Old and New, verse; (Fencing' in
the (Badminton Library. '
Pollok, Robert. A Scotch poet; born at
Moorhouse in Renfrewshire, about 1798; died
at Shirley-Commor, near Southampton, Sept.
17, 1827. His poem (The Course of Time)
(1827) is noted. He wrote also (Tales the
Covenanters) (1833).
Polo, Gaspar Gil. See Gil Polo.
Polo, Marco. A famous Italian traveler;
born at Venice, 1254; died there, 1324. He
accompanied his father and his uncle, Venetian
traders, 1271, on their second journey to the
court of Kublai, the Khan of Tartary. Marco
won the favor of Kublai, and was taken into
his service: he was employed on various im-
portant missions to the remotest parts of the
Khan's dominions, and thus collected informa-
tion regarding the countries and their inhab-
itants. The three Venetians started on their
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## p. 435 (#451) ############################################

POLO DE MEDINA- PONGERVILLE
435
return home, 1292, by way of Cochin-China,
Sumatra, Ceylon, Ormus, Trebizond, and Con-
stantinople, reaching Venice in 1295. Marco
commanded a Venetian galley in the war with
Genoa, and was taken prisoner, 1298; while in
prison he dictated to Rusticiano of Pisa an
account of his travels, which Rusticiano wrote
out in French, and nine years later revised
and amended. The title of the book is simply
(The Book of Marco Polo. About 80 MS.
copies of it are extant, differing each from each
considerably.
Polo de Medina, Salvador Jacinto (poʻlo
de mā-dē'nä). A Spanish poet; born in Murcia
about 1607; died about 1660. He wrote a poem
in the form of a vision, “The Incurables' Hos-
pital; Journey out of this Life into the Next,'
a moral treatise which was much admired in
his time; (On Moral Supremacy, to Lælius);
also some fables and some satirical verses.
Polyænus (pol-i-ē'nus). A Greek writer of
the second century, native of Macedonia. He
wrote a historical collection of instances of mili-
tary ruses employed by Greeks, Romans, and
Barbarians. It was entitled (Strategics,' or
(Stratagems, and was inscribed to the em-
perors Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Verus.
The work is extant. It was first printed in
1549, and again in 1887.
Polybius (pā-lib'ē-us). A celebrated Greek
historian; born at Megalopolis in Arcadia, 204
B. C. , while much of Greece was still inde-
pendent; died 122, after it had long been a
province of Rome, and himself an admired
companion of its conquerors. His work, (His-
tories, comprised 40 books, of which only the
first five have come down to us complete: it
was the author's purpose to write the history
of all the known regions of the civilized world
which had fallen under the sway of Rome. ) *
Polyides (pol-e-i'des). A Greek poet and
musician of the fourth century B. C. ; famous
for his dithyrambs. To him is credited by
Welcker the tragedy of Iphigenia, some pass-
ages from which are quoted by Aristotle in
his (Poetics.
Pomeroy, Marcus Mills. ["Brick Pomeroy. " ]
An American journalist and humorous writer;
born at Elmira, N. Y. , 1833; died in 1896. He
was a journalist of La Crosse, Wis. , and later
of New York city, where he founded Brick
Pomeroy's Democrat. His chief publications
are : 'Gold Dust) (1872); (Brick Dust) (1872);
Perpetual Money) (1878).
Pomfret, John. An English poet; born at
Luton in Bedfordshire, 1667; died 1703. His
best-known work is ( The Choice: A Poem Writ-
ten by a Person of Quality) (1700), which had
four editions within a year. His other principal
writings are: (A Prospect of Death,' an ode
(1700), and (Reason, a poem (1700).
Pommier, Victor Louis Amédée (pom-yā').
A French poet; born at Lyons, 1804; died in
1877. Among his writings are : (The Russian
Expedition) (1827); (The Republic; or, The
Book of Blood) (1836); “The Assassins) (1837);
(Hell) (1853), a most realistic portrayal of the
infernal regions as conceived by old-time or-
thodoxy; (Algeria and Conquering Civilization)
(1848); (Death of the Archbishop of Paris)
(1849); “Monologues of a Solitary) (1870).
Pompery, Édouard de (põm-per-ē'). A
French miscellaneous writer; born at Couv-
relles in Aisne, 1812. He is a socialist demo-
crat, and nearly all his writings deal with social
questions. He wrote: (The Doctor from Tim-
buktu) (1837); Despotism or Socialism) (1849);
(Woman in Human Society: Her Nature, her
Rôle, her Social Value) (1864); (Essay on the
True Voltaire) (1873).
Pompignan, Jean Jacques Lefranc, Mar-
quis de (põm-pēn-yän ). A French poet; born
at Montauban, 1709; died 1784. His tragedy
(Dido) (1734) had an extraordinary success;
it was followed by Zoraide, tragedy ; (The
Farewell of Mars,' comedy (1735); “Trip to
Languedoc and Provence, narrative poem
(1740). Some of his odes are works of con-
summate grace and art, e. g. , the "Ode on the
Death of Jean Jacques Rousseau.
Ponce de Leon, Luis (põn'thā dā lā-on').
A great Spanish lyric poet; born at Granada,
1527; died at Madrigal, 1591. He entered the
order of Augustin Friars, 1544, and in 1561
became professor of theology in the University
of Salamanca. He suffered five years' impris-
onment, by sentence of the Court of Inquisi-
tion, for his translation of the “Song of Songs)
into Spanish, with commentary.
Among his
prose writings is a treatise on the Names of
Christ) (1583) and “The Perfect Wife) (1583):
both books are still in popular use in Spain.
His poems, almost exclusively of a religious
character, are to be classed with the highest
products of the lyric Muse of Spain. His
translations in verse of some of the works of
Virgil and Horace, of 40 of the Psalms, and
of passages from Greek and Italian poets, are
characterized by much spirit and grace of style.
Poncy, Louis Charles (pôn-sē'). A French
poet; born at Toulon, 1821; died 1891. He
was a stone-mason quite without school edu-
cation. He published a series of volumes of
verse: “Poems) (1840); (Marine Views) (1842);
Marguerite's Posy) (1855).
Pond, Frederick Eugene. An American
journalist and author; born in Marquette
County, Wis. , April 8, 1856. He was among
the first to urge the establishment of a Na-
tional Sportsman's Association, and under the
pen-name of «Will Wildwood ” has published
Handbook for Young Sportsmen (1876);
(Memoirs of Eminent Sportsmen) (1878); and
(Gun Trial and Field Records of America)
(1885).
Pongerville, Jean Baptiste Aimé Sanson
de (pôn-zhā-vēl'). A French miscellaneous
writer; born at Abbeville in Somme, March 3,
1782; died at Paris, Jan, 24, 1870. His great
(
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## p. 436 (#452) ############################################

436
PONINSKI – PORPHYRICS
(
work is a scholarly metrical translation of the
Latin poet Lucretius. He translated also into
French verse some of Ovid's works, under the
title (Mythological Amours.
Poninski, Anton Slodzin (põ-nin'skē). A
Polish poet; died 1742. He wrote (Hymeneal
Song of Augustus III. (1720), and (Sarmatides
or Satires) (1741).
Ponsard, François (pôn-sär). A French
dramatist; born at Vienne, 1814; died at Paris,
1867. His first venture in literature was made
with a translation of Lord Byron's Manfred)
(1837). His Lucretia) (1843), in the produc.
tion of which on the stage of the Odéon the
celebrated Rachel acted the leading rôle, was
a brilliant success : it marked a reaction against
romanticism. Among his other dramatic pro-
ductions are : Agnès de Méranie) (1846); (Char-
lotte Corday) (1850); «Ulysses) (1852); Honor
and Money) (1853), a fine satiric comedy; (The
Bourse) (1856); "What Pleases Womankind)
(1860), a trilogy, which had little success; (The
Lion in Love) (1866); (Galileo) (1867).
Ponson du Terrail, Pierre Alexis (pôň-sôn
dü ter-il'). A French romancer; born at Mont-
maur near Grenoble, July 8, 1829; died at
Bordeaux, Jan. 31, 1871. He wrote an in-
credible number of works of fiction; among
his works are: Heritage of a Centenarian);
(Gown and Sword (1857); (The Matrimonial
Agency); Memoirs of a Man of the World)
(1861); Nights at the Gilded House); (The
King of Navarre's Mistress' (1863); (The Great
World's Bohemians) (1867); Dr. Rousselle's
Secret! (1869); (Aurora's Amours) (1870).
Pontmartin, Armand Augustin Joseph
Marie (pôn-mär-tan'). A French story-writer
and literary critic; born at Avignon, July 16,
1811; died there, 1890. In 1853 he commenced
a series of Literary Talks) in the Gazette
de France, which, collected, fill 30 volumes.
Among his works are: (Recollections of an
Old Lover of Music) (1878); Medusa's Raft)
(1872); “Recollections of an Old Critic'; My
Memoirs) (2 vols. , 1885-86); “Sins of Old Age!
(1889); Literary Episodes) (1890).
Pontoux, Claude de (pôn-to'). A French
versifier; born at Chalons-sur-Saône, about
1530; died there, 1579. He wrote: (Lament-
able Harangues on the Death of Divers Ani-
mals); "Love's Smiles and Tears) (1576); (The
Idea and Other Works! (1579), (The Idea)
being a lady to whom he paid a hopeless suit.
Pool, Maria Louise. An American journal-
ist and novelist; born in Rockland, Mass. , 1845.
At one time she was connected with the New
York Tribune. Her best-known works are:
(In Buncombe County); (A Vacation in a
Buggy' (1887); (Tenting at Stony Beach) (1888);
(Rowena in Boston) (1892);(In a Dike Shanty)
(1896).
Poole, William Frederick. An eminent
American librarian and bibliographer; born at
Salem, Mass. , 1821; died at Evanston, Ill. , 1894.
He was a librarian of Boston, Cincinnati, and
Chicago. His chief work is the celebrated
Index to Periodical Literature, which he in-
itiated, and of which in its greatly expanded
later form he was co-editor with W. I. Fletcher.
Among his other works are (The Battle of
the Dictionaries) (1856), and (Cotton Mather
and Salem Witchcraft (1869).
Poore, Benjamin Perley. An American jour-
nalist, compiler, and author; born at Newbury,
Mass. , Nov. 2, 1820; died at Washington, D. C.
May 30, 1887. He spent several years abroad,
and devoted much time to research in French
history. Upon his return he became active in
journalism, and for thirty years was Washington
correspondent of the Boston Journal. His works
include: (The Rise and Fall of Louis Philippe
(1848); “Early Life of Napoleon' (1851); (Remi-
niscences of Sixty Years) (1886).
Poorten-Schwartz, J. M. W. van der. See
Maartens.
Poot, Huibert Cornelis (pöt). A Dutch
poet; born at Abtswoud, South Holland, Jan.
29, 1689; died at Delft, Dec. 31, 1733. His
countrymen called him the Hesiod of Hol-
land. " He published Miscellaneous Poems!
(1716; to which succeeded a second volume,
1728, and a third, 1735).
Pope, Alexander. A great English poet;
born at London, May 21, 1688; died at Twick-
enham on the Thames, May 30, 1744. His
principal works are : «The Iliad of Homer,
translated (1715-20); 'Homer's Odyssey' (1725);
(Essay on Criticism,' in the manner of Horace
(1711); (The Temple of Fame) (1711); (Epis-
tle from Eloisa to Abelard) (1716); (The Rape
of the Lock) (1712); (The Dunciad? (1728,
1742); Essay on Man (1733); (Imitations of
Horace (1740). *
Pope, John. An American general ; born at
Louisville, Ky. , March 16, 1822 ; died at San-
dusky, O. , Sept. 23, 1892. He graduated from
West Point in 1842, and had important com-
mands in the Civil War. Later in life he had
charge of various departments of the regular
army in the West. He published: (The Vir-
ginia Campaign of July and August 1862, a
defense of his campaign in command of the
Army of the Potomac.
Porphyrius (por-fi'rē-us). A celebrated Neo-
Platonic philosopher; born at Batanea in Syria,
233 A. D. ; died at Rome, 304 A. D. He was a
disciple first of Longinus, then of Plotinus,
whose works he edited, and whom he succeeded
as master of a school of philosophy at Rome.
But few of his writings have come down to us.
He wrote a History of Philosophy,' to which
probably belongs the extant Life of Pythago-
ras. Some fragments of his work against the
Christian religion - condemned to the flames
by the emperor Theodosius II. in 453 -- are
preserved in the writings of his adversaries.
We have his tractate (Оn Abstinence from
Animal Food); also his (Homeric Questions,
in 32 chapters; his Epistle to Marcella) on
the right conduct of life; his letter to the
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## p. 437 (#453) ############################################

PORSON - PORTER
437
)
(
Egyptian priest Anebon in condemnation of
magic and theurgy; Introduction to Philoso-
phy,' in which the question of realism and
. nominalism is first mooted; "On Deriving a
Philosophy from Oracles); and “On the Cave
of the Nymphs.
Porson, Richard. An eminent English
scholar and critic; born in Norfolk, Dec. 25,
1759; died in London, Sept. 25, 1808. He was
educated at Eton and Cambridge, and regius
professor of Greek at Cambridge from 1792
till his death.
He possessed phenomenal pow-
ers of memory, great critical acumen, and a
knowledge of Greek unequaled in his day. His
emendations and critical notes on the Greek
writers are accepted as authoritative. He wrote
for the literary reviews on many subjects; ed.
ited Æschylus (1795); the (Hecuba, Orestes,
(Phænissæ, and Medea) of Euripides (1797-
1801): and published Adversaria) ( 1812 );
(Tracts and Criticisms) (1815); (Aristophanica)
(1820); 'Photii Lexicon' (1822); «Notæ in Sui-
dam' (1834). His Letters to Archdeacon Travis
on the « Three Witnesses) are monuments of
analytic and argumentative power.
Port, Elizabeth-Marie (port). A Dutch poet
and novelist; born in the second half of the
eighteenth century. Her writings are: (The
Country) (1792), prose and poetry; (For the
Solitary' ( 1789 ); (Reinhart on Nature and Re-
ligion (1793); "Elegies) (1794); (True Enjoy.
ment of Life) (1796); My Childhood's Tears)
(1804), domestic tableaux; Frederick Weit
and his Children'; On Society and Solitude)
(1806); and New Poems) (1807).
Porter, Anna Maria. An English novelist;
born at Durham, 1780; died 1832. Sister of
Jane and Sir R. K. ; she wrote (Artless Tales)
(1793-95), which was succeeded by a long series
of novels, among them :(Walsh Colville (1797);
(The Lakes of Killarney) (1804); (The Hun-
garian Brothers) (1807); (The Recluse of Nor-
way) (1814); ( The Knight of St. John (1817);
(The Fast of St. Magdalen) (1818); (Roche
Blanche) (1822); Honor O'Hara! (1826);
(Barony) (1830); also Ballads, Romances, and
Other Poems) (1811).
Porter, David. An American naval officer
and diplomat; born in Boston, Feb. I, 1780;
died near Constantinople, March 3, 1843. He
commanded in several naval engagements of
the Tripoli war (1801-6) and the War of 1812.
From 1831 to 1843 he held important diplomatic
positions at Constantinople. His chief work is
Constantinople and its Environs) (1835).
Porter, David Dixon. An American admi.
ral, son of David; born at Chester, Pa. , June
8, 1813; died at Washington, D. C. , Feb. 13,
1891. He came into prominence in the Mexi-
can War, and during the Civil War held im-
portant naval commands at New Orleans, Vicks-
burg, and Fort Fisher. As an author he will
be best remembered for his nautical romance,
(The Adventures of Harry Marline) (1886).
ong his other works are : "Life of Commo-
dore David Porter) ( 1875 ); (Allan Dare and
Robert le Diable) (1885), a romance; “History
of the Navy in the War of the Rebellion)
(1887).
Porter, Horace. An American general and
military writer; born at Huntingdon, Pa. , April
15, 1837. He graduated from West Point, and
during the Civil War was a staff officer of
McClellan and Rosecrans, and subsequently
Grant's trusted aide and personal friend in Vir-
ginia during the last two years of the War. He
is the author of "Campaigning with Grant,
which first appeared serially in the Century
Magazine.
Porter, Jane. An English novelist ; born at
Durham, 1776; died at Bristol, May 24, 1850.
Among her stories, some of which still enjoy
a wide popularity, are: (Thaddeus of Warsaw)
(1803), which has been translated into several
languages, and for which she was elected can-
oness of the Teutonic Order of St. Joachim;
( The Scottish Chiefs) (1810); (The Pastor's
Fireside) (1815); “Duke Christian of Lüneburg
(1824); (Coming Out) (1828); “The Field of
Forty Footsteps) (1828). In collaboration with
her sister she wrote (Tales round a Winter
Hearth) (1826). She was long credited with
the authorship of (Sir Edward Seward's Diary)
(1831); but it was written by her elder brother,
Dr. Wm. Ogilvie Porter.
Porter, John Addison. An American jour-
nalist; born at New Haven, Conn. , April 17,
1856. He is editor of the Hartford Post. His
works are: (The Corporation of Yale College)
(1885); Administration of the City of Wash-
ington) (1885); “Sketches of Yale Life) (1886).
He is now (1897-98) private secretary to Presi-
dent McKinley.
Porter, Linn Boyd. An American novelist
of Cambridge, Mass. ; born about 1840. He is
the author of numerous sensational novels,
published under the pseudonym of «Albert
Ross, which have had a large sale. Among
the most popular are: (Thou Shalt Not (1889);
(Speaking of Ellen (1890); “Out of Wedlock)
(1894); "Love Gone Astray) (1896).
Porter, Noah. An eminent American clergy-
man, educator, and author; born at Farming-
ton, Conn. , Dec. 14, 1811; died in New Haven,
Conn. , March 4, 1892. In 1846 he was ap-
pointed professor of metaphysics at Yale Uni-
versity; and was president of that institution
from 1871 to 1885. The most valuable of his
numerous works are : Human Intellect) (1868);
( Books and Reading (1870); (American Col-
leges and the American Public) (1870); (Moral
Science) (1885).
Porter, Sir Robert Ker. An English tray-
eler, brother of Jane and Anna Maria ; born
at Durham, 1775; died at St. Petersburg, May
4, 1842. He traveled extensively in Europe,
Asia, and South America; and wrote: (Travel-
ing Sketches in Russia and Sweden) (1808);
(Letters from Portugal and Spain' (1809);
(Narrative of the Late Campaign in Russia)
(1813); “Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia,
(
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## p. 438 (#454) ############################################

438
POSIDONIUS - POWELL
Ancient Babylonia, etc. , during the Years 1817-
20) (1821-22).
Posidonius (pos-i-do'ni-us). A Greek Stoic
philosopher; born at Apamea in Syria, but styled
(the Rhodian” by reason of his long residence
in the island of Rhodes; lived from 135 to 50
B. C. He was one of the most learned men
of antiquity, his knowledge and his writings
extending over every branch of science. Only
fragments of his works are extant. His great.
est work was a universal history in 52 books,
held in high esteem by the ancients : it was a
continuation of Polybius, and covered the pe-
riod 145-82 B. C. His lectures on (Tactics)
would seem to be the basis of the tractate of
his disciple Asclepiodotus on the same sub-
ject.
Posnett, Mrs. George. An English novel.
ist; born 18–. Her books are: (The Touch
of Fate) (1884); (On the Square ) (1884); (Her
Golden Forget-Me-Not) (1885); and (Who Am
I? ) (1885).
Potier, Charles Joseph Edward (põt-yā').
A French actor and dramatic author; born at
Bordeaux in 1806; died at Paris in 1870. His
principal dramatic works are : (Factor) (1834),
a five-act drama with Charles Desnoyer and
Boulé; (Because) (1835), (The Drunkard's Sis-
ter) (1839), one-act vaudevilles; Everybody's
Master' (1840), a two-act comedy with Antony
Béraud ; (The Clothing Merchant' (1841), a
five-act drama with Desnoyer and Béraud;
(Estelle and Némorin) (1844), a two-act pas-
toral bouffe ; and (The National Sickness)
(1846), a three-act vaudeville with Brissebarre.
Potter, Henry Codman. An American clergy-
man and author, bishop of New York; born at
Schenectady, N. Y. , May 25, 1835. Educated
in theology in Virginia, he became rector of
Grace Church, New York city, in 1868; and
was consecrated bishop of New York in 1887.
His works include: (Gates of the East: A
Winter in Egypt and Syria' (1876); “Sermons
of the City) (1881); “Waymarks) (1892).
Potts, William. An American writer on
nature, also on political and social reform ; born
in Philadelphia, May 5, 1838. For many years
he was secretary and he is now vice-president
of the National Civil Service League. He was
chief examiner of the Civil Service Commission
for New York State in 1887. He has published
a volume of nature studies, From a New Eng.
land Hillside,' and a Sunday-school service
book, Noblesse Oblige. He is also the author
of numerous pamphlets.
Potvin, Charles (põ-van'). A Belgian poet,
and historian of literature; born at Mons, Dec.
2, 1818. He wrote several volumes of lyric
poetry : (Poems and Amours) (1838); Poems,
Historical and Romantic) (2 vols. , 1840); (Po.
litical and Elegiac Poems) (1849); “Satires)
(1852); (The Beggar-Woman) (1856). On the
drama he wrote: (The Theatre in Belgium)
(1862); (Essays on Dramatic Literature ) (2
vols. , 1880); and some comedies, as (Choice
of an Occupation) and (War. He also wrote
many volumes of literary history and criticism,
among them (Our Early Literary Periods) (2
vols. , 1870), and French Literature in Belgium
before 1830.
Pougin, François-Auguste Arthur (pö-
zhan'). A French musician and author ; born
at Chateauroux, 1834. Besides pseudonymous
contributions to various journals, he published
among others the following volumes : (French
Musicians of the 18th Century) (1863); Meyer-
beer: A Biographical Sketch) (1864); (William
Vincent Wallace) (1865); (F. Halévy, Writer)
(1865); (Bellini, his Life and Works) (1867);
(Rossini' (1869); (Musical Literature in France)
(1869); and (Albert Grisar) (1870).
Poujol, Adolph (pö-zhol'). A French dra.
matic author ; born at Paris, 1811 (? ). He wrote
very many plays in collaboration. Among his
writings are: "A Service of Love) (1840);
The Pastry-Cook of Danaustadt) (1842); (Re-
sults of a Fault! (1842); (Jeanne de Naples!
(1842); A Daughter of the Legion of Honor
(1843); December 10) (1849); Marguerite !
(1851); (A Maiden's Heart) (1854); Doctor
Momus) (1857); and (The Art of Managing
Women (1859).
Poujoulat, Jean Joseph François (pö-zhö-
lä'). A French historian; born at La Fare,
Bouches-du-Rhône, Jan. 26, 1800; died at Paris,
Jan. 5, 1880. His principal works are : (His-
tory of Jerusalem (2 vols. , 1840-42); (Cardinal
Maury) (1855); (History of the French Revolu-
tion) (2 vols. , 1855); History of France from
1814' (4 vols. , 1865-67); "Insanities of the Pres.
ent Time regarding Religion ( 1877 ); (The
Bedawîn Woman' (2 vols. , 1835), a novel,
crowned by the Academy.
Pouvillon, Émile (pö-vē-yôn'). A French
novelist; born at Montauban, 1840. His novel
(Césette) (1880), a tale of village life, won the
Academy's Lambert prize. It was followed
by (Jennie's John (1886); (The Blue Horse)
(1888); (Singing-Weeping'; and "Bernadotte,
a cabinet drama,- an antithesis of Zola's
(Lourdes.
Powell, John Wesley. An American soldier,
geologist, and author; born in Mount Morris,
N. Y. , March 24, 1834. He was educated at
Oberlin College; was a lieutenant-colonel of
artillery at the close of the Civil War; pro-
fessor of geology in the Illinois Wesleyan Uni.
versity, 1865; explored the cañon of the Colo-
rado River in 1867, and again in 1870–74. He
succeeded Clarence King as director of the
the United States Geological Survey (1879-96).
The special volumes of reports written by
Major Powell are: (Exploration of the Colorado
River in 1869-72) (1875); (Geology of the
Uinta Mountains) (1876); (The Arid Regions
of the United States) (1879); (Introduction to
Study of Indian Languages) (1880).
Powell, Thomas. An American playwright
and author; born in London, Sept. 3, 1809;
died in Newark, N. J. , Jan. 13, 1887. For


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POWERS--PRENTICE
439
(
many years he was connected with the Frank
Leslie publications. Besides two acted plays,
(True at Last) and (The Shepherd's Well," he
published: (Florentine Tales) (1847); Living
Authors of England) (1849); Living Authors
of America) (1850).
Powers, Horatio Nelson. An American
clergyman, literary critic, and poet; born at
Amenia, N. Y. , April 30, 1826; died in 1890.
Among his works are: (Through the Year)
(1875); Poems, Early and Late) (1876); (Ten
Years of Song) (1887); (Lyrics of the Hudson.
Pradon, Nicolas (prä-dôn'). A French tragic
poet; born at Rouen, 1632 ; died at Paris, 1698.
Besides many fugitive poems, he wrote : (Tam-
erlane (1677); Phædra and Hippolytus' (1677);
(The Troad) (1679); (Statira) (1683); “Regu-
lus' (1688); (Scipio Africanus) (1697); and his
most famous work, Pyramus and Thisbe.
Pradt, Dominique Dufour de (prät). A
French statesman and historian; born at Al-
lanches in Auvergne, April 23, 1759; died March
18, 1837. He wrote: (Historic Narrative of
the Restoration of Royalty in France (1814);
History of the Embassy to the Grand Duchy
of Warsaw in 1812) (1815); (The Congress of
Vienna' (2 vols. , 1815-16); (Historical Memoirs
on the Spanish Revolution' (1816); (The Colo-
nies and the Present Revolution in [Spanish]
America) (2 vols. , 1817); (The Congress of
Carlsbad) (2 vols. , 1819-20).
Praed, Mrs. Campbell Mackworth (prād)
(Rose Caroline Murray - Prior ). An Aus-
tralian novelist, wife of the nephew of W. M.
Praed; born in Bromelton, Queensland, March
27, 1852. In 1876 she came to London and
began to write her noted Australian stories.
Her most popular works are: An Austra-
lian Heroine) (1880); Moloch) (1883); (The
Head Station (1885); December Roses)
(1892); "Outlaw and Lawmaker (1893);
Nulma) (1897). In collaboration with Justin
McCarthy she has written (The Right Hon-
ourable) (1886), and “The Ladies' Gallery)
(1889), novels of political and social life.
Praed, Winthrop Mackworth. An English
poet (1802-39); born in London. He wrote
society verse and occasional poetry. Among
his best-known pieces are: (The Red Fisher-
man”; “Every-Day Characters); Private The-
atricals); (School and Schoolfellows); A Let-
ter of Advice); (Our Ball); My Partner);
My Little Cousins); etc.
Pram, Christen Henriksen (präm). А
Danish poet; born at Gudbrandsdal in Nor-
way, 1756; died in the island of St. Thomas,
W. I. , 1821. He was editor of the periodical
Minerva, at Copenhagen; wrote the romantic
epic (Staerkodder) (1785), and two tragedies,
'Damon and Pythias) and Frode and Fingal. ”
Prati, Giovanni (prä'tē). An Italian lyric
poet; born at Dascindo near Trent, Jan. 27,
1815; died at Rome, May 9, 1884. He wrote (Ed.
menegarda) (1841), a powerful narrative poem
after the Byronic manner, which was received
with extraordinary favor. Then followed sev-
eral volumes of lyric poetry, which still further
enhanced the poet's reputation. His satire
"Satan and the Graces) (1855), and his epics
(Count Riga) (1856), (Rudolf (1858), Aribert)
(1860), were equally successful.
Pratt, Anne. An English nature-writer,
whose numerous books achieved great pop-
ularity. Among them are: (Flowers and their
Associations) (new ed. 1840); (Field, Garden,
and Woodland) (for the young, new ed. 1843);
(Chapters on Common Things of the Seaside)
(1850); (Green Fields, their Grasses) (1852);
(Our Native Songsters) (1852); “Wild Flowers)
(1853); (Flowering Plants, Grasses, and Ferns
of Great Britain (1854); Haunts of the Wild
Flowers) (1863).
Pratt, Mrs. Ella (Farman).