; Thirlwall's maxim of his, that a little wrong is
justifiable
for
Greece, vol.
Greece, vol.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
The neigh-
Jason, indignant at this conduct, deserted her, and bouring tribes would yield him a body of light-
returned to lolcus, whereupon Medeia also quitted armed troops, with which no others could cope.
Corinth, leaving the government to Sisyphus. Ja- The Thessalian Penestae would effectually man his
son is also mentioned among the Calydonian hunters ships, and of these he would be able to build a far
(Apollod. i. 8. 8 2); and it is further stated, that larger number than the Athenians, as he might
he and the Dioscuri joined Peleus, for the purpose calculate on possessing as his own the resources of
of assisting him in taking vengeance on Astydameia, Macedonia and all its ship-timber. If once there-
the wife of Acastus, and conquered and destroyed fore the lord of Thessaly, he might fairly hope to
Iolcus. (Schol. ad Pind. Nem. iii. 55; A pollod. become the master of Greece ; and when Greece
iii. 13. § 7. ) Later writers represent Jason as was in his power, the weakness of the Persian
having in the end become reconciled to Medeia, as empire, as shown especially by the retreat of the
having returned with her to Colchis, and as having Ten Thousand and the campaigns of Agesilaus in
there restored Aeetes to his kingdom, of which he Asia, opened to him an unbounded and glorious
had been deprived. (Tacit. Ann. vi. 34 ; Justin, field of conquest. (Xen. Hell. vi. 1. SS 4–12;
xlii. 2. ) The death of Jason is also related differ- comp. Isocr. ad Phil. p. 106, c. d. ; Diod. xv. 60 ;
ently; for, according to some, he made away with Val. Max. ix. 10, Ext. 2. ) But the first step to
himself from grief (Diod. iv. 55), and, according be taken was to secure the dominion of Pharsalus.
to others, he was crushed by the poop of the ship This he had the means of effecting by force, but
Argo, under which he laid down on the advice he preferred to carry his point by negotiation, and
of Medeia, and which fell upon him. (Schol, on accordingly, in a personal conference with Poly-
the Argument of Eurip. Med. ) He was wor- damas, he candidly set before him the nature and
shipped as a hero in several parts of the ancient extent of his plans and his resources, represented
world (Strab. xi. pp. 526, 531): his marriage with to him that opposition on the part of Pharsalus
Medeia was represented on the chest of Cypselus. would be fruitless, and urged him therefore to use
(Paus. v. 18. § 1. )
[L. S. ) his influence to bring over the town to submission,
JASON ('ldowv), tyrant of Pherae and Tagus promising him the highest place, except his own,
of Thessaly (Dict. of Antiq. s. v. Tugus), was pro- in power and dignity. Polydamas answered that
bably the son of LYCOPHRON, who established a he could not honourably accept his offer without
tyranny on the ruins of aristocracy at Pherae, the consent of Sparta, with which he was in alli-
about the end of the Peloponnesian war, and aimed ance; and Jason, with equal frankness, told him to
at dominion over all the Thessalians. (Xen. Hell. lay the state of the case before the Lacedaemonians,
ii. 3. § 4; Diod. xiv. 82. ) From this passage of and see whether they could adequately support
Diodorus we know that Lycophron was still alive Pharsalus against his power. Polydamas did so,
in B. c. 395, but we cannot fix the exact time at and the Lacedaemonians replied that they were
which Jason succeeded him, nor do we find any- unable to give the required help, and advised him
thing recorded of the latter till towards the close to make the best terms he could for himself and
of his life. Wyttenbach, however (ad Plut. Mor. his state. Polydamas then acceded to the pro-
p. 89, c. ), may possibly be right in his conjecture posal of Jason, asking to be allowed to retain the
that the Prometheus who is mentioned by Xeno- citadel of Pharsalus for those who had entrusted it
phon as engaged in struggles against the old aristo- to him, and promising to use his endeavours to
cratic families of Thessaly, with the aid of Critias, bring the town into alliance with him, and to aid
## p. 555 (#571) ############################################
JASON.
553
JASON.
him in getting himself chosen Tagus. Soon after | 36 ; Suid. s. 9. duol HER TOEL taüta kal devrais
this probably in B. C. 374, Jason was elected to kópa. s. ) Jason, having made all his preparations,
the office in question, and proceeded to settle the had one day reviewed his cavalry, and was sitting
contingent of cavalry and heavy-armed troops in public to give audience to all comers, when he
which each Thessalian city was to furnish, and the was murdered by seven youths, according to Xeno
amount of tribute to be paid by the repioiko, or phon and Ephorus, who drew near under pretence
subject people. He also entered into an alliance of laying a private dispute before him. "Two of
with Amyntas II, king of Macedonia. (Xen. the assassins were slain by the body guard, the
Hello vi. 1. SS 2–19; Diod. xv. 60 ; Plut. Pol. rest escaped, and were received with honour in all
Praec. 24, Reg. et Imp. Apoph. Epam. 13. ). In the Grecian cities to which they came—a sufficient
B. C. 373 Jason and Alcetas I. , king of Epeirus, proof of the general fear which the ambitious de-
came to Athens, with which they were both in signs of Jason had excited. The fach however,
alliance at the time, to intercede on behalf of Ti-that his dynasty continued after his death shows
MOTHBUS, who was acquitted, on his trial, in a how fully he had consolidated his power in Thes-
great measure through their influence. (Dem. c. saly. (Xen. Hell. vi. 4. SS 28–32. ) It does not
Tin. pp. 1187, 1190 ; Corn. Nep. Tim. 4 ; comp. clearly appear what motive his murderers had for
Rehdantz, Vit. Iphicr. , Chabr. , Tim. p. 91. ) In the deed. Ephorus (ap. Diod. xv. 60) ascribed it
B. C. 371, after the battle of Leuctra, the Thebans to the desire of distinction, which seems to point
sent intelligence of it to Jason, as their ally, re- to a strong political feeling against his rule ; and
questing his aid. Accordingly, he manned some this is confirmed by the anecdote of a former
triremes, as if he meant to go to the help of the attempt to assassinate him, which accidentally
Thebans by sea ; and having thus thrown the saved his life by opening an impostume from which
Phocians off their guard, marched repidly through he was suffering, and on which his physicians had
their country, and arrived safely at Leuctra. Here tried their skill in vain. (Cic. de Nat. Deor. iii.
the Thebans were anxious that he should join them 28 ; Val. Max. i. 8. Ext. 6; comp. Xen. Hell. vi.
in pressing their victory over the enemy; but 1. § 14; Diod. xv. 57. ) Valerius Maximus (ix.
Jason (who had no wish to see Thebes any more 10, Ext. 2) tells us that the youths who murdered
than Sparta in a commanding position) dissuaded him were excited by revenge because they had
them, by setting forth the danger of driving the been punished with blows for an assault on one
Lacedaemonians to despair. The latter he per- Taxillus, a gymnasiarch. According to Diodorus
suaded to accept a truce, which would enable them (xv. 60), some accounts mentioned Jason's own
to secure their safety by a retreat, representing brother and successor, Polydorus, as his murderer.
himself as actuated by a kindly feeling towards An insatiable appetite for power—to use his own
them, as his father had been on terms of friendship metaphor - was Jason's ruling passion (Arist. Pol.
with their state, and he himself still stood to them iii. 4, ed. Bekk. ¢on telVÍV ÖTE un Tupavvoi); and
in the relation of proxenus. Such is the account to gratify this, he worked perseveringly and with-
of Xenophon. (Hell. vi. 4. 9 20, &c. ) According out the incumbrance of moral scruples, by any and
to that of Diodorus, Jason arrived before the battle, every means. With the chief men in the several
and prevailed on both parties to agree to a truce, states of Greece, as e. g. with Timotheus and Pelo-
in consequence of which the Spartan king, Cleom pidas (Plut. Pelop. 28), he cultivated friendly rela-
brotus, drew off his army ; but Archidamus had tions; and the story told by Plutarch and Aelian
been sent to his aid with a strong reinforcement of the rejection of his presents by Epaminondas,
and the two comnianders, having united their shows that he was ready to resort to corruption, if
forces, returned to Boeotia, in defiance of the com- he saw or thought he saw an opportunity. (Plut.
pact, and were then defeated at Leuctra. (Diod. do Gen. Soc. 14, Apoph. Reg. et Imp. Epam. 13 ;
xv. 54. ) This statement, however, cannot be de- Ael. V. H. xi. 9. ) We find also on record a
pended on. (See Wess. ad Diod. l. c.
; Thirlwall's maxim of his, that a little wrong is justifiable for
Greece, vol. v. p. 78, note ; comp. Schneid. ad Xen. the sake of a great good. (Arist. Rhet. i. 12. $ 31 ;
Hell. vi. 4. & 5. ) On his return through Phocis, Plut. Pol. Praec. 24. ) He is represented as having
Jason took Hyampolis and ravaged its land, leaving all the qualifications of a great general and diplo-
the rest of the country undisturbed. He also de- matist-as active, temperate, prudent, capable of
molished the fortifications of the Lacedaemonian enduring much fatigue, and no less skilful than The-
colony of Heracleia in Trachinia, which commanded mistocles in concealing his own designs and pene
the passage from Thessaly into southern Greece, trating those of his enemies. (Xen. Hell
. vi. ).
evidently (says Xenophon) entertaining no fear of $ 6; Diod. xv. 60; Cic. de Off. i. 30. ) Pausanias
an attack on his own country, but wishing to tells us that he was an admirer of the rhetoric of
keep open a way for himself should be find it ex. Gorgias ; and among his friends he reckoned Iso-
pedient to march to the south. (Xen. Hell. vi. 4. crates, whose cherished vision of Greece united
§ 27 ; comp. Diod. xv. 57, who refers the demoli- against Persia made him afterwards the dupe of
tion of Heracleia to B. C. 370. ) Jason was now in Philip. (Paus. vi. 17; Isocr. Ep. ad Jas. Fil.
a position which held out to him every prospect of p. 418. )
(F. E. )
becoming master of Greece. The Pythian games JASON ('ldowv), literary. 1. Of Cyrene, an
were approaching, and he proposed to march to Hellenist Jew, wrote the history of the Maccabees,
Delphi at the head of a body of Thessalian troops, and of the wars of the Jews against Antiochus
and to preside at the festival. Magnificent pre- Epiphanes and his son Eupator, in five books. He
parations were made for this, and much alarm and must therefore have written after B. c. 162. The
suspicion appear to have been excited throughout second book of Maccabees, in the Apocrypha, with
Greece. The Delphiavs, fearing for the safety of the exception of the two spurious epistles at the
the sacred treasures, consulted the oracle on the beginning, is an abridgement of the work of Jason.
subject, and received for answer that the god bim-|(2 Maccab. ii. 21-24 ; Prideaux, Connection, vol.
self would take care of them. (Comp. Herod. viii. iii. pp. 264, 265, ed. 1729. )
3
## p. 556 (#572) ############################################
556
IASUS.
JAVOLENUS.
direction
פאן ורון א
pered an be
and some
21 OP 10
ing azt se
lepote
ne koris
precede
sose of be
lunes, 12
the same
Prins is
Paxtos
Tbere
Dres, ac
He wat
Upor. some
of the scho
werk beta
Garas acs
$1&) 2
OS
e Ex Pit
2. Of Nysa, a Stoic philosopher, son of Mene- 8. The father of Amphion, and king of the Mi.
crates, and, on the mother's side, grandson of Posi- nyans. (Hom. Od. xi. 282; Paus. ix. 36, in fin. )
donius, of whom also he was the disciple and 9. A son of Sphelus, the commander of the
successor. He therefore flourished after the middle Athenians in the Trojan war, was slain by Aeneias
of the first century B. c. (Clinton, Fusti, vol. iii. 6. a. (Hom. Il. xv. 332, &c. )
51, B. c. ) Suidas (s. v. ) mentions his works Bio. 10. The father of Dmetor, king of Cyprus.
ενδόξων and Φιλοσόφων διαδοχαί, and adds that I (Ηom. Οd. xvii. 443. )
(L. S. )
some ascribed to him a Blos 'Emládos, in four IATROCLES ('latpokaño), a Greek writer on
books, which, however, as well as the work Tep? cookery, of uncertain age and country. Athenaeus
'Pódov, should perhaps be assigned to Jason of quotes from two of his works, namely, Apto-
Argos.
ποιϊκός and Περί Πλακούντων, unless indeed these
3. Of Argos, an historian, who was, according to are merely different titles of one and the same
Suidas, younger than Plutarch. He therefore work. (Athen. vii. p. 326, e. , xiv. p. 616, a. , p.
lived under Hadrian. He wrote a work on Greece 647, b. )
in four books, containing the early history (apxalo- JAVOLENUS PRISCUS or PRISCUS JA.
Aoyla) of Greece, and the history from the Per- VOLE'NUS, an eminent Roman jurist. His name
bian wars to the death of Alexander and the taking occurs in both forms ; Pomponius calls him first
of Athens by Antipater, the father Cassander. Priscus Javolenus, and afterwards Javolenus Pris-
His book nepl Kvídov (Schol. ad Theocrit. xvii. 69), cus. (Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 2. § ult. ) Pliny adopts the
and that ſlepi 'Pódou (see above), seem to have been latter form (Ep. 15). Jarolenus was a pupil of
parts of this work, and so was probably the book Caelius Sabinus, and a leader of the Sabinian school
Hepl Twv 'Anetávopov lepwr. (Ath. xiv. p. 620, d; during a period when Celsus the father, Celsus the
comp. Steph. Byz. s. vo. 'Anesavdpela, Tâaos ; Vos- son, and Neratius Priscus, led the opposite school,
sius, de llist. Graec. , p. 264, ed. Westermann ; as successors of Pegasus. He was the teacher of
Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. vi. p. 370. ) Suidas also Aburnus Valens, Tuscianus, and Julianus. It ap-
calls him a grammarian ; and a grammarian Jason is pears from a fragment of Julianus (Dig. 40. tit. 2.
quoted in the Etymologicum Magnum (p. 184, 27). s. 5), that Javolenus was a praetor and proconsul
4. Of Byzantium, only known by a single re- in Syria. According to a passage of Capitolinus
ference in Plutarch (de Fluv. 1]), where the title (Ant. Pius, 12), he was one of the council of An-
of his work, instead of Tpayıká, should probably toninus Pius. Some of his biographers think that
be paxiká. (Jonsius, Script. Hist. Philos. ii. if he were alive in the reign of Antoninus, he must
2, 2. )
[P. S. ] have been too old to hold such a post ; hence they
IASOʻNIA ('Iagovia), a surname of Athena at question the authority of Capitolinus, and, more-
Cyzicus. (Apollon. Rhod. i. 960; comp. Müller, over, the passage referred to is probably interpo
Orchom. p. 282, 2d edit. )
[L. S. ] lated and corrupt. But there is no pressing im-
IASUS ("lacos), the name of a considerable probability in the statement, if the reading be
number of mythical personages, which is some genuine ; for if, as appears to be likely, Javolenus
times written Iasius, and is etymologically the was born about the commencement of the reign of
same as Iason and Iasion, though the latter is more Vespasian ( A. D.
Jason, indignant at this conduct, deserted her, and bouring tribes would yield him a body of light-
returned to lolcus, whereupon Medeia also quitted armed troops, with which no others could cope.
Corinth, leaving the government to Sisyphus. Ja- The Thessalian Penestae would effectually man his
son is also mentioned among the Calydonian hunters ships, and of these he would be able to build a far
(Apollod. i. 8. 8 2); and it is further stated, that larger number than the Athenians, as he might
he and the Dioscuri joined Peleus, for the purpose calculate on possessing as his own the resources of
of assisting him in taking vengeance on Astydameia, Macedonia and all its ship-timber. If once there-
the wife of Acastus, and conquered and destroyed fore the lord of Thessaly, he might fairly hope to
Iolcus. (Schol. ad Pind. Nem. iii. 55; A pollod. become the master of Greece ; and when Greece
iii. 13. § 7. ) Later writers represent Jason as was in his power, the weakness of the Persian
having in the end become reconciled to Medeia, as empire, as shown especially by the retreat of the
having returned with her to Colchis, and as having Ten Thousand and the campaigns of Agesilaus in
there restored Aeetes to his kingdom, of which he Asia, opened to him an unbounded and glorious
had been deprived. (Tacit. Ann. vi. 34 ; Justin, field of conquest. (Xen. Hell. vi. 1. SS 4–12;
xlii. 2. ) The death of Jason is also related differ- comp. Isocr. ad Phil. p. 106, c. d. ; Diod. xv. 60 ;
ently; for, according to some, he made away with Val. Max. ix. 10, Ext. 2. ) But the first step to
himself from grief (Diod. iv. 55), and, according be taken was to secure the dominion of Pharsalus.
to others, he was crushed by the poop of the ship This he had the means of effecting by force, but
Argo, under which he laid down on the advice he preferred to carry his point by negotiation, and
of Medeia, and which fell upon him. (Schol, on accordingly, in a personal conference with Poly-
the Argument of Eurip. Med. ) He was wor- damas, he candidly set before him the nature and
shipped as a hero in several parts of the ancient extent of his plans and his resources, represented
world (Strab. xi. pp. 526, 531): his marriage with to him that opposition on the part of Pharsalus
Medeia was represented on the chest of Cypselus. would be fruitless, and urged him therefore to use
(Paus. v. 18. § 1. )
[L. S. ) his influence to bring over the town to submission,
JASON ('ldowv), tyrant of Pherae and Tagus promising him the highest place, except his own,
of Thessaly (Dict. of Antiq. s. v. Tugus), was pro- in power and dignity. Polydamas answered that
bably the son of LYCOPHRON, who established a he could not honourably accept his offer without
tyranny on the ruins of aristocracy at Pherae, the consent of Sparta, with which he was in alli-
about the end of the Peloponnesian war, and aimed ance; and Jason, with equal frankness, told him to
at dominion over all the Thessalians. (Xen. Hell. lay the state of the case before the Lacedaemonians,
ii. 3. § 4; Diod. xiv. 82. ) From this passage of and see whether they could adequately support
Diodorus we know that Lycophron was still alive Pharsalus against his power. Polydamas did so,
in B. c. 395, but we cannot fix the exact time at and the Lacedaemonians replied that they were
which Jason succeeded him, nor do we find any- unable to give the required help, and advised him
thing recorded of the latter till towards the close to make the best terms he could for himself and
of his life. Wyttenbach, however (ad Plut. Mor. his state. Polydamas then acceded to the pro-
p. 89, c. ), may possibly be right in his conjecture posal of Jason, asking to be allowed to retain the
that the Prometheus who is mentioned by Xeno- citadel of Pharsalus for those who had entrusted it
phon as engaged in struggles against the old aristo- to him, and promising to use his endeavours to
cratic families of Thessaly, with the aid of Critias, bring the town into alliance with him, and to aid
## p. 555 (#571) ############################################
JASON.
553
JASON.
him in getting himself chosen Tagus. Soon after | 36 ; Suid. s. 9. duol HER TOEL taüta kal devrais
this probably in B. C. 374, Jason was elected to kópa. s. ) Jason, having made all his preparations,
the office in question, and proceeded to settle the had one day reviewed his cavalry, and was sitting
contingent of cavalry and heavy-armed troops in public to give audience to all comers, when he
which each Thessalian city was to furnish, and the was murdered by seven youths, according to Xeno
amount of tribute to be paid by the repioiko, or phon and Ephorus, who drew near under pretence
subject people. He also entered into an alliance of laying a private dispute before him. "Two of
with Amyntas II, king of Macedonia. (Xen. the assassins were slain by the body guard, the
Hello vi. 1. SS 2–19; Diod. xv. 60 ; Plut. Pol. rest escaped, and were received with honour in all
Praec. 24, Reg. et Imp. Apoph. Epam. 13. ). In the Grecian cities to which they came—a sufficient
B. C. 373 Jason and Alcetas I. , king of Epeirus, proof of the general fear which the ambitious de-
came to Athens, with which they were both in signs of Jason had excited. The fach however,
alliance at the time, to intercede on behalf of Ti-that his dynasty continued after his death shows
MOTHBUS, who was acquitted, on his trial, in a how fully he had consolidated his power in Thes-
great measure through their influence. (Dem. c. saly. (Xen. Hell. vi. 4. SS 28–32. ) It does not
Tin. pp. 1187, 1190 ; Corn. Nep. Tim. 4 ; comp. clearly appear what motive his murderers had for
Rehdantz, Vit. Iphicr. , Chabr. , Tim. p. 91. ) In the deed. Ephorus (ap. Diod. xv. 60) ascribed it
B. C. 371, after the battle of Leuctra, the Thebans to the desire of distinction, which seems to point
sent intelligence of it to Jason, as their ally, re- to a strong political feeling against his rule ; and
questing his aid. Accordingly, he manned some this is confirmed by the anecdote of a former
triremes, as if he meant to go to the help of the attempt to assassinate him, which accidentally
Thebans by sea ; and having thus thrown the saved his life by opening an impostume from which
Phocians off their guard, marched repidly through he was suffering, and on which his physicians had
their country, and arrived safely at Leuctra. Here tried their skill in vain. (Cic. de Nat. Deor. iii.
the Thebans were anxious that he should join them 28 ; Val. Max. i. 8. Ext. 6; comp. Xen. Hell. vi.
in pressing their victory over the enemy; but 1. § 14; Diod. xv. 57. ) Valerius Maximus (ix.
Jason (who had no wish to see Thebes any more 10, Ext. 2) tells us that the youths who murdered
than Sparta in a commanding position) dissuaded him were excited by revenge because they had
them, by setting forth the danger of driving the been punished with blows for an assault on one
Lacedaemonians to despair. The latter he per- Taxillus, a gymnasiarch. According to Diodorus
suaded to accept a truce, which would enable them (xv. 60), some accounts mentioned Jason's own
to secure their safety by a retreat, representing brother and successor, Polydorus, as his murderer.
himself as actuated by a kindly feeling towards An insatiable appetite for power—to use his own
them, as his father had been on terms of friendship metaphor - was Jason's ruling passion (Arist. Pol.
with their state, and he himself still stood to them iii. 4, ed. Bekk. ¢on telVÍV ÖTE un Tupavvoi); and
in the relation of proxenus. Such is the account to gratify this, he worked perseveringly and with-
of Xenophon. (Hell. vi. 4. 9 20, &c. ) According out the incumbrance of moral scruples, by any and
to that of Diodorus, Jason arrived before the battle, every means. With the chief men in the several
and prevailed on both parties to agree to a truce, states of Greece, as e. g. with Timotheus and Pelo-
in consequence of which the Spartan king, Cleom pidas (Plut. Pelop. 28), he cultivated friendly rela-
brotus, drew off his army ; but Archidamus had tions; and the story told by Plutarch and Aelian
been sent to his aid with a strong reinforcement of the rejection of his presents by Epaminondas,
and the two comnianders, having united their shows that he was ready to resort to corruption, if
forces, returned to Boeotia, in defiance of the com- he saw or thought he saw an opportunity. (Plut.
pact, and were then defeated at Leuctra. (Diod. do Gen. Soc. 14, Apoph. Reg. et Imp. Epam. 13 ;
xv. 54. ) This statement, however, cannot be de- Ael. V. H. xi. 9. ) We find also on record a
pended on. (See Wess. ad Diod. l. c.
; Thirlwall's maxim of his, that a little wrong is justifiable for
Greece, vol. v. p. 78, note ; comp. Schneid. ad Xen. the sake of a great good. (Arist. Rhet. i. 12. $ 31 ;
Hell. vi. 4. & 5. ) On his return through Phocis, Plut. Pol. Praec. 24. ) He is represented as having
Jason took Hyampolis and ravaged its land, leaving all the qualifications of a great general and diplo-
the rest of the country undisturbed. He also de- matist-as active, temperate, prudent, capable of
molished the fortifications of the Lacedaemonian enduring much fatigue, and no less skilful than The-
colony of Heracleia in Trachinia, which commanded mistocles in concealing his own designs and pene
the passage from Thessaly into southern Greece, trating those of his enemies. (Xen. Hell
. vi. ).
evidently (says Xenophon) entertaining no fear of $ 6; Diod. xv. 60; Cic. de Off. i. 30. ) Pausanias
an attack on his own country, but wishing to tells us that he was an admirer of the rhetoric of
keep open a way for himself should be find it ex. Gorgias ; and among his friends he reckoned Iso-
pedient to march to the south. (Xen. Hell. vi. 4. crates, whose cherished vision of Greece united
§ 27 ; comp. Diod. xv. 57, who refers the demoli- against Persia made him afterwards the dupe of
tion of Heracleia to B. C. 370. ) Jason was now in Philip. (Paus. vi. 17; Isocr. Ep. ad Jas. Fil.
a position which held out to him every prospect of p. 418. )
(F. E. )
becoming master of Greece. The Pythian games JASON ('ldowv), literary. 1. Of Cyrene, an
were approaching, and he proposed to march to Hellenist Jew, wrote the history of the Maccabees,
Delphi at the head of a body of Thessalian troops, and of the wars of the Jews against Antiochus
and to preside at the festival. Magnificent pre- Epiphanes and his son Eupator, in five books. He
parations were made for this, and much alarm and must therefore have written after B. c. 162. The
suspicion appear to have been excited throughout second book of Maccabees, in the Apocrypha, with
Greece. The Delphiavs, fearing for the safety of the exception of the two spurious epistles at the
the sacred treasures, consulted the oracle on the beginning, is an abridgement of the work of Jason.
subject, and received for answer that the god bim-|(2 Maccab. ii. 21-24 ; Prideaux, Connection, vol.
self would take care of them. (Comp. Herod. viii. iii. pp. 264, 265, ed. 1729. )
3
## p. 556 (#572) ############################################
556
IASUS.
JAVOLENUS.
direction
פאן ורון א
pered an be
and some
21 OP 10
ing azt se
lepote
ne koris
precede
sose of be
lunes, 12
the same
Prins is
Paxtos
Tbere
Dres, ac
He wat
Upor. some
of the scho
werk beta
Garas acs
$1&) 2
OS
e Ex Pit
2. Of Nysa, a Stoic philosopher, son of Mene- 8. The father of Amphion, and king of the Mi.
crates, and, on the mother's side, grandson of Posi- nyans. (Hom. Od. xi. 282; Paus. ix. 36, in fin. )
donius, of whom also he was the disciple and 9. A son of Sphelus, the commander of the
successor. He therefore flourished after the middle Athenians in the Trojan war, was slain by Aeneias
of the first century B. c. (Clinton, Fusti, vol. iii. 6. a. (Hom. Il. xv. 332, &c. )
51, B. c. ) Suidas (s. v. ) mentions his works Bio. 10. The father of Dmetor, king of Cyprus.
ενδόξων and Φιλοσόφων διαδοχαί, and adds that I (Ηom. Οd. xvii. 443. )
(L. S. )
some ascribed to him a Blos 'Emládos, in four IATROCLES ('latpokaño), a Greek writer on
books, which, however, as well as the work Tep? cookery, of uncertain age and country. Athenaeus
'Pódov, should perhaps be assigned to Jason of quotes from two of his works, namely, Apto-
Argos.
ποιϊκός and Περί Πλακούντων, unless indeed these
3. Of Argos, an historian, who was, according to are merely different titles of one and the same
Suidas, younger than Plutarch. He therefore work. (Athen. vii. p. 326, e. , xiv. p. 616, a. , p.
lived under Hadrian. He wrote a work on Greece 647, b. )
in four books, containing the early history (apxalo- JAVOLENUS PRISCUS or PRISCUS JA.
Aoyla) of Greece, and the history from the Per- VOLE'NUS, an eminent Roman jurist. His name
bian wars to the death of Alexander and the taking occurs in both forms ; Pomponius calls him first
of Athens by Antipater, the father Cassander. Priscus Javolenus, and afterwards Javolenus Pris-
His book nepl Kvídov (Schol. ad Theocrit. xvii. 69), cus. (Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 2. § ult. ) Pliny adopts the
and that ſlepi 'Pódou (see above), seem to have been latter form (Ep. 15). Jarolenus was a pupil of
parts of this work, and so was probably the book Caelius Sabinus, and a leader of the Sabinian school
Hepl Twv 'Anetávopov lepwr. (Ath. xiv. p. 620, d; during a period when Celsus the father, Celsus the
comp. Steph. Byz. s. vo. 'Anesavdpela, Tâaos ; Vos- son, and Neratius Priscus, led the opposite school,
sius, de llist. Graec. , p. 264, ed. Westermann ; as successors of Pegasus. He was the teacher of
Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. vi. p. 370. ) Suidas also Aburnus Valens, Tuscianus, and Julianus. It ap-
calls him a grammarian ; and a grammarian Jason is pears from a fragment of Julianus (Dig. 40. tit. 2.
quoted in the Etymologicum Magnum (p. 184, 27). s. 5), that Javolenus was a praetor and proconsul
4. Of Byzantium, only known by a single re- in Syria. According to a passage of Capitolinus
ference in Plutarch (de Fluv. 1]), where the title (Ant. Pius, 12), he was one of the council of An-
of his work, instead of Tpayıká, should probably toninus Pius. Some of his biographers think that
be paxiká. (Jonsius, Script. Hist. Philos. ii. if he were alive in the reign of Antoninus, he must
2, 2. )
[P. S. ] have been too old to hold such a post ; hence they
IASOʻNIA ('Iagovia), a surname of Athena at question the authority of Capitolinus, and, more-
Cyzicus. (Apollon. Rhod. i. 960; comp. Müller, over, the passage referred to is probably interpo
Orchom. p. 282, 2d edit. )
[L. S. ] lated and corrupt. But there is no pressing im-
IASUS ("lacos), the name of a considerable probability in the statement, if the reading be
number of mythical personages, which is some genuine ; for if, as appears to be likely, Javolenus
times written Iasius, and is etymologically the was born about the commencement of the reign of
same as Iason and Iasion, though the latter is more Vespasian ( A. D.
