No More Learning

point out to him the absurdity of the course he was
2. A painter, of Bura in Achaia, whose paint- pursuing. She had a quantity of gold wrought
ing on a wall at Pergamus, representing an ele- into representations of various kinds of food, and
phant, is mentioned by Stephanus Byzantinus set nothing but these before him one day for din-
(s. a Boúpa).
[P. S. ] When Xerxes arrived at Celaenae, Pythius
ner.


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PYTHODAMUS.
629
PYTHON
banqueted him and his whole army. He had pre occurs on a coin of Aptera in Crete. (Nagler, All-
viously sent a golden plane tree and vine as a gem. Künstler-Lericon, s. v. )
(P. S. )
present to Dareius. He informed Xerxes that, in- PYTHOʻDICUS, one of the statuaries, who
tending to offer him a quantity of money to defray are mentioned by Pliny as acquilitate celebrati sed
the expenses of his expedition, he bad reckoned nullis operum suorum praccipui. (II. N. xxxiv. 8.
up his wealth and found it to consist of 2000 8. 19. 25. )
[P. S. )
talents of silver coin and 4,000,000, all but 7000, PYTHODOʻRIS (Tudodwpís), queen of Pontus.
darics of gold coin. The whole of this he offered She was the daughter of Pythodorus of Tralles,
to Xerxes, who however did not accept it; but the friend of Pompey: and became the wife of
made him a present of the odd 7000 darics, and Polemon I. king of Pontus, and the Bosporus.
granted him the rights of hospitality. His five After the death of Polemon she retained possession
Bons accompanied Xerxes. Pythius, alarmed by of Colchis ns well as of Pontus itself, though the
an eclipse of the sun which happened, came to kingdom of Bosporus was wrested from her power.
Xerxes, and begged that the eldest might be left She subsequently married Archelaus, king of Cap-
behind. This request so enmged the king that he padocin, but after his death (A. D. 17) returned to
had the young man immediately killed and cut in her own kingdom, of which she continued to
two, and the two portions of his body placed on administer the affairs herself until her deceasc,
either side of the road, and then ordered the army which probably did not take place until a. D. 38.
to march between them. His other sons perished She is said by her contemporary Strabo to have
in different battles. Pythius, overwhelmed with been a woman of virtuous character, and of great
grief, passed the rest of his days in solitude (Herod. capacity for business, so that her dominions flou-
vii. 27-29, 38, 39; Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 10; rished much under her rule. Of her two sons, the
Plut. I. c. ).
[C. P. M. ] one, Zenon, became king of Armenia, while the
PY'TÚIUS, architect. [Phileus).
other, Polemon, after assisting her in the admi-
PYTHOCLEIDES (IIvoorhelons), a celebrated nistration of her kingdom during her life, suc-
musician of the time of Pericles, was a native ceeded her on the throne of Pontus. (Strab. xi.
of Ceos (Plat. Protag. 316, e. ), and flourished p. 499, xii. pp. 555, 556, 557, 560, xiv. p. 649;
at Athens, under the patronage of Pericles, whom Eckhel, vol. ii. p. 370. )
(E. H. B. ]
he instructed in his art. (Plut. Per. 4 ; Pseudo- PYTHODORUS (Ivábbwpos), artists. 1. A
Plat. Alcib. i. p. 118, c. ). The Scholiast on the Theban sculptor, of the archaic period, who made
passage last cited states that Pythocleides was also the statue of Hera (ayatua dpxaiov) in her temple
a Pythagorean philosopher, and that Agathocles at Coroneia. The goddess was represented as
was his disciple. Pythocleides was one of those holding the Sirens in her hand. (Paus. ix. 34.
musicians whom some writers ascribed the $ 2. s. 3 ; comp. Müller, Archäol. d. Kunst, $ 352,
invention of the Mixolydian mode of music. (Plut. n. 4. )
de Mus. 16, p. 1136, d. ).
[P. S. ] 2, 3. Two sculptors, who flourished under the
PYTHOCLES (Hudoklîs). 1. An Athenian early Roman emperors, and are mentioned by
orator, who belonged to the Macedonian party, and Pliny among those who “filled the palace of the
was put to death with Phocion in B. c. 317. (Dem. Caesars on the Palatine with most approved
de Cor. p. 320; Plut. Phoc. 35. )
works. ” (Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 5. s. 4. $11; comp.
2. Of Samos, a Greek writer of uncertain date, Thiersch, Epochen, pp. 300, 325, foll. ) [P. S. ]
wrote:- 1. 'Italıká (Plut. Parall. min. c. 14; PYTHON (Núbwv), the famous dragon who
Clem. Alex. Strom. i. p. 144). 2. rewpyıká (Plut. guarded the oracle of Delphi, is described as a son
Parall. min. c. 41). 3. Slepl ójovoías (Clem. of Gaea. He lived in the caves of mount Par-
Protr. p. 12. )
nassus, but was killed by Apollo, who then took
PY'THOCLES, a statuary, of whom nothing is possession of the oracle. (Apollod. i. 4. § 1;
known, beyond the mention of his name by Pliny Strab. ix. p. 422. ).
(L. S. )
among those artists whom he places at the revival PYTHON (Túlwr), historical. Concerning the
of the art in Ol. 156, and whom he characterizes frequent confusion between this name and those of
as longe quidem infra praedictos, probuti tamen. Peithon and Pithon, see Pithon.
(Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. 8. 19. )
[P. S. ] 1. Son of Agenor. [Pithon. )
PYTHO'CRITUS (Ivbókpitos), of Sicyon, a 2. Son of Crateuns. [PITHON. ]
flute-player, exceedingly distinguished for his vic- 3. One of the leading citizens of Abdera, who
tories in the musical contests which were instituted betrayed that city into the hands of Eumenes II. ,
by the Amphictyons at the Pythian games (B. C. king of Pergainus ; an act of treachery which
590). Pausanias tells us that the first victor in afterwards caused him so much remorse, as to be
these contests was the Argive Sacadas, after whom the occasion of his death. (Diod. xxx. Exc.
Pythocritus carried off the prize at six Pythian Vales. p. 578. )
festivals in succession, and that he had also the 4.
The chief of the embassy sent by Prusias,
honour of acting six times as musician during the king of Bithynia, to Rome, in B. c. 164, to lay
pentathlon at Olympia. In reward of these ser- before the senate his complaints against Eumenes,
vices a pillar was erected as a monument to him king of Pergamus. _(Polyb. xxxi. 6. )
at Olympia, with the following inscription, Iludo- 5. A citizen of Enna, in Sicily, who was put to
kpítov Toll Kallvikov uvāua tauanta tóôe. death by Eunus (whose master he had been), in
(Paus. vi. 14. & 4. 8. 9, 10).
(P. S. ] the great servile insurrection in B. c. 130. [Eunus. ]
PYTHO'CRITUS, a statuary, who is men. (Diod. Exc. Phot. p. 528. ) [E. H. B. ]
tioned by Pliny as one of those who made athletas PYTHON (núowv), literary. 1. Of Catana,
et armatos el venatores sacrificantesque, but of whom a dramatic poet of the time of Alexander, whom
nothing more is known. (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. he accompanied into Asia, and whose army he
s. 19. & 34).
(P. S. ) entertained with a satyric drama, when they were
PYTHODA'MUS, a medallist, whose name celebrating the Dionysia on the banks of the Hy-
6s 3


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630
QUADRATUS.
QUADRATUS.
daspes. The drama was in ridicule of Harpalus two. Valesius, and others (including Tillemont)
and the Athenians. It is twice mentioned by after him, contend for the existence of two Quadrati,
Athenacus, who has preserved nearly twenty lines one the disciple of the Apostles and the Apologist,
of it. (Ath. xiii. p. 586, d. , p. 595, e. f. , p. 596, a. ) the other, bishop of Athens and contemporary with
In the second of these passages, Athenaeus men- Dionysius of Corinth (Dionysius, literary, No. 22),
tions the poet as either of Calana or of Byzantium ; who was of somewhat later date than the Apologist
and it seems very doubtful whether he was con- But Jerome, among the ancients, and Cave, Grabe,
founded with the Byzantine rhetorician of the Le Clerc, and Fabricius, among the moderns, refer
same name, who makes some figure in the history the different notices, and we think correctly, to
of Philip and Alexander, or whether he was really one person.
the same person. Some writers ascribed the drama Quadratus is said by Eusebius (Chron. 1. c. ),
to Alexander, but no doubt erroneously. Respect- Jerome (De Viris Ilustr. c. 19, and Ad Mag-
ing the meaning of the title of the play, 'Aynu, num, c. 4, Epistol. 84, edit. vet. , 83, ed. Bene
there are various conjectures, all of them very dictin. , 70, ed. Vallars. ), and Orosius (Ilist. vii.
uncertain. (Casaub. de Pocs. Sat. Graec. pp. 150, 13), to have been a hearer or disciple of the
151, with Rambach's Note ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. Apostles," an expression which Cave would limit
vol. ii. pp. 319, 320 ; Wagner, F. G. , Poetarum hy referring the ierm “ Apostles” to the Apostle
Trag. Gracc. Fragmenta, pp. 134-136, in Didot's John alone, or by understanding it of men of the
Bibl. Script. Grucc. Paris, 1846. )
apostolic age, who had been familiar with the
2. Of Aenus, in Thrace, a Peripatetic philo Apostles. But we see no reason for so limiting or
sopher, who, with his brother Heracleides, put to explaining the term. Quadratus himself, in his
death the tyrant Cotys. [Cotys, HERACLEIDES. ] Apology (apud Euseb. H. E. iv. 3), speaks of those
3. A Peripatetic philosopher, mentioned in the who had been cured or raised from the dead by
will of Lycon. (Diog. Laërt. v. 70. ) [P. S. ] Jesus Christ, as having lived to his own days (tis
PYTHON, artist. This name occurs twice on τους ημετέρους χρόνους, “ ad tempora nostra"),
painted vases ; in the first instance, on a cylix- thus carrying back his own recollections to the
shaped vase, of the best style of the art, found at apostolic age. And as Eusebius, in a passage in
Vulci, with the inscription I'V OON EVOIESEN, which he ascribes to him the gift of prophecy, seems
and with the name of Epictetus as the painter ; to connect him with the daughters of the Apostle
in the other case, on a Lucanian vase, of the Philip, we may rather suppose him to have been a
period of the decline of the art, with the inscription disciple of that Apostle than of John. Cave con-
ΠΥΘΩΝ ΕΓΡΑΦΕ, On comparing these vases, jectures that he was an Athenian by birth ; but
and the inscriptions on them, although there are the manner in which an anonymous writer cited by
examples of the same person being both a maker Eusebius (H. E. v. 17) mentions him, in connec-
and painter of vases, it can hardly be doubted that, tion with Ammias of Philadelphia and with the
in this case, the artists were two different persons, daughters of Philip, would lead us to place him in
at different periods, and probably living in dif- early life in the central districts of Asia Minor.
ferent parts of Italy. (R. Rochette, Lettre à M. He afterwards (assuming that Eusebius speaks of
Schorn, pp. 58, 59, 2d ed. )
[P. S. ] one Quadratus, not two) became bishop of the Church
PYTHONI'CUS (Fluebvikos), of Athens, a at Athens, but at what time we hare no means of
writer mentioned by Athenaeus (v. p. 220, f. ) ascertaining. We learn that he succeeded the
among those who wrote systematically on allure martyr Publius ; but, as the time of Publius' mar-
ments to love.
(W. M. G. ) tyrdom is unknown, that circumstance throws no
light on the chronology of his life. Quadratus pre-
sented his Apology to Hadrian, in the tenth year of
Q.
his reign (A. D. 126), according to the Chronicon of
Eusebius, but we know not whether he had yet
QUADRATILLA, UMMI'DIA, a wealthy attained the episcopate. As Eusebius does not
Roman lady, who died in the reign of Trajan give him in this place the title of bishop, the pro.
within a little of eighty years of age, leaving two-bable inference is that he had not; but, as the
thirds (ex besse) of her fortune to her grandson and passage seems to intimate that he and the Athe-
the other third to her granddaughter (Plin. Ep. vii. nian Aristeides presented their respective Apologies
24). Her grandson was an intimate friend of simultaneously, it is likely that Quadratus was
Pliny. [QUADRATUS, No. 2. ] Quadratilla was already connected with the Athenian Church. The
probably a sister of Ummidius Quadratus, the go- Menaea of the Greeks (a d. Sept. 21) commemo-
vernor of Syria, who died in A. D. 60, and appears rate the martyrdom under the emperor Hadrian of
to be the same as the Quadratilla mentioned in the the ancient and learned” Quadratus, who had
following inscription, discovered at Casinum in preached the gospel at Magnesia and Athens, and
Campania :-Ummidia C. F. Quadratilla amphi- being driven away from his flock at Athens, ob-
theatrum et templum Casinatibus sua pecunia fecit
. tained at length the martyr's crown ; and the Me-
(Orelli, Inscr. No. 781. ) It seems that the nologium of the emperor Basil commemorates (a d.
Ummidii came originally from Casinum. [UM- 21 Sept. ) the martyrdom of a Quadratus, bishop of
MIDIA Gens. )
Magnesia, in the persecution under Decius. That
QUADRATUS (Kodpátos, Euseb. H. E. , Syn- our Quadratus was a martyr is, we think, from the
cellus, and the Greek Menaca ; or Kovadpatos, silence of Eusebius and Jerome to such a circum-
Euseb. Chron. p. 211, ed. Scaliger, 1658), one of stance, very questionable ; and that he was mar-
the Apostolic Fathers and an early apologist for tyred under Hadrian, is inconsistent with the state-
the Christian religion. The name of Quadratus ment of those writers (Euseb. Chron. ; Hieronym.
occurs repeatedly in Eusebius (H. E. iii. 37, iv. 3, Ad Magnum, c. 4), that the Apologies of Quadra-
23, v. 17, Chron. lib. ii. ), but it is questioned tus and Aristeides led that emperor to put a stop to
whether that father speaks of one person or of the persecution. We think it not an improbablo
assia


## p. 631 (#647) ############################################

QUADRATUS.
631
QUADRATUS.
;
conjecture that Publius fell a victim during the tion to the thousandth ycar of its nativity (A. D. 248),
brief persecution thus stopped, and that Quadmtus when the Ludi Saeculares were performed with
having been appointed to succeed him, made those extraordinary pomp. It probably passed over with
exertions which Dionysius of Corinth, in his letter brevity the times of the republic, and dwelt at
to the Athenians (apud Euseb. iv. 23), commemo- greater length upon the imperial period. Suidas
mtes, to rally the dispersed members of the Church, says that the work came down to Alexander, the
and to revive their faith. Many of the Athenians, son of Mamaea ; but this is a mistake, as Alex-
however, had apostatized ; and the Church con- ander died fifteen years before the thousandth year
tinued in a feeble state till the time when Diony- of Rome. (Suidas, s. v.