An
American
jour-
nalist and writer of travels; born in Ohio, 1850.
nalist and writer of travels; born in Ohio, 1850.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v26 to v30 - Tur to Zor and Index
His
capacity for satire revealed itself in (An Inter-
cepted Letter from Canton, and his "Songs of
Trafalgar) spread his fame as a poet. Mac-
aulay's review of his edition of Boswell's Life
of Johnson,' and his counterblast upon Mac-
aulay's History of England, are among the
celebrities of literary duels. He was a Tory
politician of intense fervor, permanently resign-
ing his seat in Parliament because of the
passage of the Reform Bill of 1832.
Croker, Thomas Crofton. An Irish anti-
quary and folklorist; born in Cork, Jan. 15,
1798; died at Old Brompton, Aug. 8, 1854.
(Researches in the South of Ireland); Fairy
Legends); and 'Legends of the Lakes, or Say.
ings and Doings at Killarney,' show his talent
in its happiest moods. His learning was pro-
found and accurate, and his style brilliant and
pleasing.
Croly, David Goodman. An American jour-
nalist; born in New York, Nov. 3, 1829; died
there, April 29, 1889. He was at different times
connected with various prominent New York
papers. He wrote : Life of Horatio Seymour)
(1868); History of Reconstruction) (1868);
"Glimpses of the Future) (1888); etc.
Croly, George. An Irish poet, dramatist, and
novelist; born in Dublin, Aug. 17, 1780; died in
London, Nov. 24, 1860. His works include:
Paris in 1815' (1817); (The Angel of the
World (1820); May Fair) (1820); “Salathiel)
(1829); (Marston) (1846); (The Modern Or-
lando) (1846); Life and Times of George
IV. ; and others. *
Croly, Jane (Cunningham). (" Jennie June. ”)
An American prose-writer, wife of D. G. Croly;
born in Market Harborough, England, Dec. 19,
1831; settled in New York city in 1841. From
1800 for many years she was editor of W. J.
Demorest's magazine, and has been editor of
others. She was one of the founders of “Sorosis »
and its president for fourteen years, and one
of the most active promoters of the Federation
of Woman's Clubs. She has published : (Talks
on Women's Topics (1863); For Better or
Worse) (1875); and (Three Manuals for Work)
(1885-89).
Cronegk, Johann Friedrich, Baron von
(krõ'nek). A German dramatist (1731-58);
born at Ansbach. Lessing pronounced his ode
(War) one of the finest produced in that day.
His tragedy (Codrus) won a prize in 1757; it
is admirable for its smooth and stately verse,
but it lacks the true poet's inspiration. He
was also author of some comedies, didactic
poems, epigrams, and spiritual songs.
Crosby, Howard. A distinguished American
Presbyterian divine and educator; born in New
York, Feb. 27, 1826; died there, March 29, 1891.
He was chancellor of the University of New
York 1870-81; one of the New Testament
Revision Committee; and interested in every
reform of his day. He wrote: (Lands of the
Moslem (1850); Life of Jesus) (1871); (The
Christian Preacher' (1880, Yale lectures for
1879-80); etc.
Crosswell, William. An American poet and
hymn-writer; born in Hudson, N. Y. , Nov. 7,
1804; died in Boston, Mass. , Nov. 9, 1851. Many
of his religious poems and hymns appeared in
the collection of Poems, Sacred and Secular,
edited by Arthur Cleveland Coxe (1859).
Crowe, Catherine. An English story-teller;
born (Stevens) at Borough Green, Kent; died
1876. She made her first essay in literature
with a tragedy, 'Aristodemus,' and then turned
to prose fiction. Lily Dawson) (1847) is re-
garded as the best of her novels. She became
an ardent devotee of spiritualism and animal
magnetism, and in 1852 published her most
notable work, «The Night Side of Nature) (2
vols. , 1852).
Crowe, Byre Evans. An English historian
and prose-writer; born 1799 ; died 1868. His
History of France 1830-44' is well known.
Crowe, Joseph Archer. An English historian
of art and miscellaneous writer; born in Lon.
don, Oct. 20, 1825; died 1896. He was long
eminent as a journalist, and for a time served
in the British diplomatic service. His celebrity
rests mainly upon the History of Painting in
Italy) (1864-71), the most important work on
this subject, written in collaboration with G. B.
Cavalcaselle. He also published other volumes
on art subjects.
Crowe, William. An English poet; born in
Midgham, Berkshire, October (? ) 1745; died at
Bath, Feb. 9, 1829. He was a clergyman and the
friend of Samuel Rogers. His work, especially
(Lewesdon Hill, a descriptive poem, was
praised by Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Moore
as noble in diction and elevating in imagery.
Crowne, John. An English dramatist; born
in Nova Scotia, about 1656; died at London (? ),
about 1703. He was esteemed at court for
(Sir Courtly Nice,' a comedy.
Cruden, Alexander. A Scotch writer; born
in Aberdeen, 1700; died 1770. He was noted
for his eccentricity. His Concordance to the
Old and New Testaments) is the familiar
authority on the subject.
Cruger, Mrs. Julia Grinnell (Storrow).
"Julien Gordon. A popular American novel-
ist; born in France, 18%. Her home is in
New York. She has written: "A Diplomat's
Diary); Mademoiselle Réséda); (A Puritan
Pagan'; Marionettes); (A Successful Man';
(Vampires); 'Poppæa.
Cruger, Mary. An American novelist; born
in New York State, 1834. Her home is in Mont-
rose, N. Y. She has written : (Hyperästhesia)
(1885); (A Den of Thieves) (1886); (The
## p. 126 (#142) ############################################
126
CRUSENSTOLPE-CUNNINGHAM
as
His principal works are: (The Hungarian
Muse) (1797); Dorothea, a comic epos (1804);
(Odes) (1805); (The Shepherd King' (1806);
(Anacreontics'; 'Battle of Frogs and Mice.
Cuellar, José T. de (kwāl'är). A Mexican
novelist, dramatist, and poet; born at San Luis
Potosi, Aug. 15, 1835. His reputation rests
mainly on his novel (The Sin of the Century,
published at San Luis Potosi in 1868. His
comedies and dramas include: (Duties and
Sacrifices); “Redemption); and (A Voyage to
the Orient. Among his novels are: Isolina,
the Ex-Ballet Girl); and (Gabriel the Lock.
smith. He has also written several poems.
Cueva, Juan de la (kwā'vä). A Spanish
poet (1550-1607); born at Seville. A poet at-
tempting all forms, he excelled most as a dra.
matist: he is one of the founders of Spanish
national drama. In a volume of "Works) (1582)
he published a number of lyric poems, sonnets,
songs, and elegies, including the Lament of
Venus over Adonis); noteworthy is his Phæ-
bean Chorus of Historical Romances) (1587).
His greatest epic is (The Conquest of Betica)
(1603). He wrote four tragedies, one of them
ence.
Vanderheyde Manor House) (1887); “How She
Did It, or Comfort on $150 a Year) (1888);
Brotherhood (1891).
Crusenstolpe, Magnus Jakob (kröʻzen-stol-
pe). A Swedish novelist and publicist (1795-
1865). He won considerable distinction with
a series of historico-romantic tales, Little
Stories); but his fame rests mainly on his work
a public journalist, historian, biographer,
and politician. His works of fiction became
in a degree political or progressist pamphlets;
e. g. , (The Moor, or the House of Holstein-
Gottorp in Sweden. '
Cruz, Juana Ines de la (kroth). A Mexi-
can poet (1651-95). Retiring from the vice-
regal court at the age of 17, she became a nun
of the Hieronymite order, and devoted herself
to poetry, music, and mathematics, leading at
the same time a life of great austerity. Her
writings consist of songs, dramas (all these
except two on religious themes), prologues, and
dramatic sacred ailegories. Her contempora-
ries styled her the Tenth Museand “the
Mexican Phænix. ) * (See Mexican Nun. ')
Cruz, Ramon de la. A Spanish dramatic
poet (1731-99). He rescued the native Spanish
drama from an inundation of French influ-
A marvelously prolific writer, he pro-
duced some 300 pieces in all departments of
dramatic composition. But of them all only
some interludes can now command attention;
these are alive in every line, reflecting with
absolute truth the life of the lowest orders.
Cruz, San Juan de la. (St. John of the
Cross. ) A Spanish mystic and poet (1542-91).
He was a Carmelite friar, canonized in 1674.
His prose writings on the inner life won for
him the title « The Ecstatic Doctor; famous
among them is (The Soul's Darksome Night.
In form and spirit his poetry is noble, deep,
and inspired by profound feeling. His com-
plete Spiritual Works) were first published
in 1619, and in a 12th edition 1703.
Crinkle, Nym. See Wheeler.
Császár, Ferencz (chā'zār). A Hungarian
poet (1807-58). His Poems, mostly sonnets
in the Italian style and nautical songs, entitle
him to a place among true poets. He trans-
lated several works of Alfieri, Beccaria, Silvio
Pellico, and other Italian writers, into Hun-
garian.
Csiky, Gregor (chēk'e). A Hungarian dram-
atist (1842-91); born at Buda-Pesth. He wrote
several very successful comedies, among them
(The Oracle) and (Suspicion. His tragedies
also – (Janus); (Spartacus); (The Magician' -
were received with great popular favor. He
wrote several novels, and translated plays of
Sophocles, Euripides, Plautus, Molière, and
British dramatists.
Csokonay, Vitéz Mihaly (choʻkõ-noi). A
Hungarian poet (1773-1805). He drew from
the well of the national poesy, and so con-
tributed to the formation of a native lyricism.
Bourbon; and ten comedies, one of the best
being «The Aged Lover. '
Cumberland, Richard. An English drama.
tist, novelist, essayist, and poet, grandson of
Richard Bentley ; born at Cambridge, Feb. 19,
1732; died at Tunbridge Wells, May 7, 1811.
Of good family and the highest prospects, he
was discredited and impoverished in public
service, and made literature a profession. His
comedies, (The West Indian); “The Wheel of
Fortune); “The Jew); and (The Fashionable
Lover,' are an epitome of the culture of the
time; as are his essays, collected under the title
of (The Observer. ' He wrote novels, tracts, re-
ligious and didactic poems, not now important;
(Anecdotes of Eminent Painters in Spain);
(Memoirs) (1806).
Cummins, Maria Susanna. An American
novelist; born at Salem, Mass. , April 9, 1827;
died at Dorchester, Mass. , Oct. 1, 1866. Her
novel “The Lamplighter) (1853) had enormous
success and was translated into foreign lan-
guages; it is still remembered for the idyllic
charm and tenderness of its first few chapters,
but the rest is commonplace. Her other books
are Mabel Vaughn) (1857); «El Fureidis)
(1860); “Haunted Hearts) (1863).
Cunningham, Allan. A Scottish poet and
miscellaneous writer; born in Keir, Dumfries-
shire, Dec. 7, 1784; died in London, Oct. 30
(not 29), 1842. When a youth he served as
an apprentice to a stone-mason; but later be-
came a reporter in London, and wrote (Sir
Marmaduke Maxwell,' a dramatic poem, and
(Lord Roldan) and Paul Jones, interesting
but rather theatrical romances. His Critical
History of the Literature of the Last Fifty
Years) and other books prompted Sir Walter
Scott to call him a genius.
## p. 127 (#143) ############################################
CUPPLES-CUVIER
127
some
Cupples, George. A Scotch sketch and
story writer; born in Legewood, Aug. 2, 1822;
died Oct. 7, 1891. In (The Green Hand' he
gives us a stirring tale of the sea; while his
papers on outdoor sports and tastes, and his
essays on literary topics, denote the scholar
and man of true feeling. *
Curtin, Jeremiah. An American linguist and
antiquarian writer; born in Wisconsin, 1838.
He has written : (Myths and Folk-Lore of Ire-
land); (Tales of the Fairies and the Ghost
World); (Myths and Folk-Tales of the Rus-
sians, Western Slavs, and Magyars); etc. He
is a proficient in the Slavic tongues; has made
addresses in Czech, and translated much from
Russian and Polish.
Curtis, Mrs. Caroline Gardiner (Cary).
(“Carroll Winchester. )) An American novel-
ist; born in New York State, 1827. Her home
is in Boston. She has written : (From Madge
to Margaret' (1880); (The Love of a Lifetime)
(1883).
Curtis, George Ticknor. An American
lawyer; born in Massachusetts, 1812; died
March 28, 1894. In addition to his eminence
at the New York bar, he was noted as the author
of an authoritative History of the Constitution
of the United States); he published likewise :
(Digest of English and American Admiralty
Decisions); (American Conveyancer); (Life of
James Buchanan'; Life of Daniel Webster);
"Creation or Evolution); and (John Charaxes,
a novel.
Curtis, George William. An American
author; born in Providence, R. I. , Feb. 24, 1824;
died at Staten Island, Aug. 31, 1892. He was
an early abolitionist, and a leader in the Re-
publican party from the first; for many years
the editor of Harper's Weekly, and the writer of
the 'Editor's Easy Chair) in Harper's Monthly,
besides the Manners upon the Roadseries for
Harper's Bazar (1867–73). He was also a lect-
urer of great popularity. His works include:
Nile Notes of a Howadji? (1851); (The How-
adji in Syria) (1852); (Lotus Eating) (1852);
« Potiphar Papers) (1853); ( Prue and ' (1856);
(Trumps) (1862); and others. *
Curtis, William Eleroy.
An American jour-
nalist and writer of travels; born in Ohio, 1850.
He has written : (Capitals of Spanish America)
(1888); (The Land of the Nihilist) (1888);
Japan Sketches); “Venezuela); “Life of Zach-
ariah Chandler); (The Yankees of the East);
etc.
Curtius, Ernst (kör'tse-ös). A distinguished
German archæologist and historian; born at
Lübeck, 1814; died 1896. His studies were all
directed toward Grecian antiquity, and he vis-
ited Greece repeatedly on scientific missions.
In Peloponnesus) (2 vols. , 1851) he gives an
account of the history of that peninsula, its
traditions, and its works of art. His "Greek
History' is a popularization of the results of
scholarly research, and is written in a pleasing
and popular style. His works on “Olympia)
and other ancient cities are addressed rather
to scholars than to the general public. *
Cushing, Caleb. A famous American jurist,
statesman, and diplomatist; born at Salisbury,
Mass. , Jan. 17, 1800; died at Newburyport,
Mass. , Jan. 2, 1879. He was United States
commissioner to China (1843-44); Attorney-
General (1853-57); Counsel before the Geneva
arbitration tribunal (1871-72); minister to Spain
(1874-77). He published: (Reminiscences of
Spain); Life of William Henry Harrison)
(1840); History of Newburyport' (1826); etc.
Custer, Elizabeth (Bacon). An American
prose-writer; born in Monroe, Mich. , 18--;
wife of Gen. George A. Custer. She is author
of (Boots and Saddles, or Life in Dakota
with General Custer) (1885); (Tenting on the
Plains, or General Custer in Kansas and
Texas) (1887); and (Following the Guidon. )
Custine, Astolphe, Marquis de (küs-tēn').
A French novelist and writer of travels (1790
1857); born near Metz. He traveled in the
British Isles, Switzerland, and Southern Italy
(1811-22), and afterward in Spain and Russia.
The results of his observations in Russia
were of considerable importance, and were pub-
lished in 4 vols. , 1843. He wrote a tragedy, Bea-
trice Cenci? ; and
romances, among
them (Aloysius, or the Monk of St. Bernard”;
Romuald, or the Vocation. His Letters to
Varnhagen von Ense and Rachel Varnhagen
von Ense) were published in 1870.
Custis, George Washington Parke. An
American writer; born at Mt. Airy, Md. , April
30, 1781; died at Arlington House, Fairfax
County, Va. , Oct. 10, 1857. He was the adopted
son of George Washington. He wrote (Recol-
lections of Washington) (1860), and several
plays and orations.
Cutler, Elbridge Jefferson. An American
educator and miscellaneous writer; born in
Holliston, Mass. , Dec. 28, 1831; died in Cam-
bridge, Mass. , Dec. 27, 1870. From 1865 until
his death he was professor of modern lan-
guages at Harvard. His contributions ap-
peared in the Atlantic Monthly and other
periodicals. War Poems) was published in
1867, and (Stella) in 1868.
Cutler, Mrs. Lizzie (Petit). An American
novelist; born in Virginia, 1836. Her home is
in New York. She has written : (Light and
Darkness ); (Household Mysteries,' a romance
of Southern life; (The Stars of the Crowd. '
Cuvier, Georges Léopold Chrétien Frédé.
ric Dagobert (kü-vyā'). A celebrated French
zoologist; born at Montbéliard, Aug. 23, 1769;
died at Paris, May 13, 1832. His first great
work, fruit of most laborious researches, was
(Lectures on Comparative Anatomy) (5 vols. ,
1801), comprising for the most part only such
points of molluscan anatomy as he himself
had developed. It was the same with all his
works: they are records of most painstaking
labor and study. His grand generalizations
a
i
## p. 128 (#144) ############################################
128
CUYLER -- DA COSTA
on the facts of nature appear in the Discourse
on the Revolutions of the Earth's Surface and
on the Changes They have Brought About in
the Animal Kingdom. ? His master work is
(The Animal Kingdom) (4 vols. , 1817). *
Cuyler, Theodore Ledyard. A noted Amer.
ican Presbyterian divine and miscellaneous
writer; born at Aurora, N. Y. , Jan. 10, 1822.
Besides numerous contributions to newspa-
pers and other periodicals, he has written.
(Heart Life) (1871); (From the Nile to Nor-
way) (1881); “Stirring the Eagle's Nest' (1890);
etc.
Cyrano de Bergerac, Savinien (ser-ä-nö de
berzh-räk'). A French writer of literary ex-
travaganzas (1619-55); born at Paris. He was
a famous duelist, and fought more than a
thousand single combats, most of them pro-
voked by comments on his enormously over-
grown nose. In style and composition he is
without taste or judgment; but he is always
sprightly and fanciful, often witty and ingen-
ious. Boileau noted his “daring burlesque. ”
He wrote: Letters,' amorous or satirical; a
"Comic History of the States and Empire of
the Moon,' and another (Of the Sun,' both
full of metaphysical and satirical passages in
the vein later made famous by Swift, to whom
they are thought to have suggested (Gulliver. )
His one tragedy, (Agrippina,' evinces great
dramatic power; he wrote also a clever comedy,
(The Pedant Laughing-Stock. )
Czajkovski, Michal (chi-kov'skē). A Polish
novelist (1808-76). He entered the Turkish
army in 1851, embraced Mohammedanism and
rose to high rank (Pasha Sadyk); later he
went back to the Ukraine and conformed to
the Russo-Greek religion. He struck a new
and original vein in fiction-writing. The force
and fire of his characterizations are extraor-
dinary. His greatest work is (Verny hora,' a
historical novel of the year 1768, which has
been translated into nearly all the languages
of Europe. Hardly less celebrated is (The
Hetman of the Ukraine. )
Czuczor, Gergely (tsö tsor or cho'chor). A
Hungarian poet and philologist (1800-66). His
two fine hero-ballads, "The Battle of Augs-
burg) (1824) and (The Diet of Arad) (1828),
brought him instant celebrity. He was a Bene-
dictine monk, and the eroticism of the first
collection of his “Poetical Works) (1836)
brought on him stern animadversion from his
superiors. In 1848 he published (Reveil, a
passionate appeal to Hungarian national sen-
timent, and was imprisoned for it.
D
Daae, Ludvig (da'ė). A Norwegian his-
torian; born in Aremark, near Frederikshald,
Dec. 7, 1834. He has paid particular atten-
tion to the annals of his own country; his
best-known works being : Norwegian Village
Legends) (1870–72); «Norway's Saints) (1879);
(The Migrations of the Norsemen to Holland
and England (1880); and others in this field.
(
Dabney, Robert Lewis. An American prose-
writer; born in Louisa County, Va. , March 5,
1820. He is a Presbyterian clergyman, and
since 1883 has filled the chair of moral phi-
losophy in the University of Texas. Dr. Dab-
ney has published: Life of General T. J.
(Stonewall) Jackson (1864); “Sacred Rhetoric)
(1866); (Sensualistic Philosophy) (1878); and
(The Christian Sabbath) (1881). (Collected
Discussions) is one of his recent works.
Dabney, Virginius. An American prose-
writer; born at Elmington, Va. , Feb. 15, 1835.
His publication of (The Story of Don Miff,
as Told by his Friend, John Bouche Whacker,
a Symphony of Life) (1886), reached its fourth
edition in six months. He also published Gold
that Did not Glitter. )
Daboll, Nathan. An American educator
and writer; born about 1750; died in Groton,
Conn. , March 9, 1818. He wrote the (School-
master's Assistant) (1799) and the Practical
Navigator. He is best known for his share
in the universally used New England Al-
manac,' which he began in 1773.
Daboll, Nathan. An American writer; born
in Connecticut, 1782; died 1863. He was son
of the preceding, and compiled the New Eng-
land Almanac) begun by his father. He is
the author of Daboll's New Arithmetic, long
a terror to the American schoolboy.
Dach, Simon (däch). A German lyrist
(1605-59); born at Memel.
His numerous
hymns and songs are found in various collec-
tions, his hymns especially in the Spiritual
Arias) of Heinrich Albert. He wrote several
occasional poems in honor of the Electoral
House of Brandenburg,---(Electoral Branden-
burgian Rose, Eagle, Lion, and Sceptre. He
often followed his native poetic bent, disre-
garding the hard and fast rules of the poetic
schools of his time; and then he was spon-
taneous, natural, and spoke directly to the
popular heart. His "Annie of Tharau,' a Low-
German lay for the wedding of his friend Par-
son Portatius with Anna Neander, became a
popular favorite ; his "Praise of Friendship)
seems to belong to a better age; and his spir-
itual songs, (In Thy Control, O Lord, (Be
Comforted, my Soul, etc. , are hardly surpassed
by any compositions of his day.
Da Costa, Izaak (dä kos'tä). A Dutch poet
and theologian; born at Amsterdam, Jan. 14,
1798; died at Leyden, April 28, 1800. Among
his works are : (Prometheus) (1820); Poems!
(1821–22); (Gala Songs) (1828); and (Hagar)
(1840).
## p. 129 (#145) ############################################
1
DACRE-DALL
I 29
(
1
Dacre, Barbarina Brand, Lady. An Eng.
lish poet and dramatist; born (Ogle) 1768;
died in London, May 17, 1854. Her singular
gifts and her faculty for poetic imagery are
richly shown in Gonzalvo of Cordova' (1810);
a drama, Pedarias' (1811), a tragedy of ancient
Peruvian civilization; and the five-act master-
piece (Ina'; in addition to which a series of
" Translations from the Italian' are both spirited
and accurate.
Daems, Servaas Domien (dams). A Flem-
ish poet; born at Noorderwyk, about 1838.
His verse is seen at its best in the collection
called (Luit en Fluit' (1884).
Dahl, Konrad Neuman Hjelm (däl). A
Norwegian story-teller; born in the parish of
Drontheim, June 24, 1843. He is author of a
series of stories and novels of Norwegian and
Lapp life, with much insight into nature and
into the heart of the people. Most notable
among them are: “The Finnish Youth (1873);
* The Lion (1874); (Eda Mansika) (1875);
(The Voyager in the Icy Sea' (1878).
Dahl or Dal, Dalj, Vladimir Ivanovitch
(dal). A Russian story-writer and etymologist ;
born in Lugan, Nov. 22, 1801; died in Mos-
cow, Oct. 4, 1872. He wrote many powerful
realistic tales, besides an 'Expository Diction-
ary of High Russian Speech? (1861-68) and a
dictionary of proverbs.
Dahlgren, Fredrik August (dälgren). A
Swedish poet and dramatist; born at Nord-
mark, Aug. 20, 1816. He has written many
dialect songs and ballads, collections of which
were published in three volumes (1876). These
have attained an extraordinary degree of pop-
ularity. Of his dramas many have been very
successful; his 'Vermlandingarne, a musical
drama (1846), had more than 100 consecutive
representations. He has translated a great
many dramas from foreign languages, and has
written a history of the Swedish stage.
Dahlgren, Karl Fredrik. A Swedish poet
and humorist (1791-1844); born at Stensbruk
in East Gothland. He excelled in descriptions
of nature and in the idyllic burlesque. Many
of his songs and ballads have a permanent
place in the treasury of Swedish popular song,
For years he published a Muses’ Almanac, con-
taining his stories and comic sketches. His
novel (Nahum Fredrik Bergström's Chronicle )
(1831 ) is a work of distinguished merit.
Dahlgren, Madeleine Vinton. An Ameri-
can prose-writer and poet, wife of the late Ad.
miral Dahlgren; born in Gallipolis, O. , about
1835. Her works include: Idealities) (1859);
"South Sea Sketches) (1881); (Etiquette of
Social Life in Washington (1881); (Memoirs
of John A. Dahlgren' (1882); (The Lost Name);
and Lights and Shadows of a Life) (1886).
For her Spanish translation of Donoso Cortes's
(Catholicism, Liberalism, and Socialism,' she
received the thanks of Pius IX.
Dahlmann, Friedrich Christoph (däl'män).
A German historian and publicist; born in
Wismar, May 13, 1785; died in Bonn, Dec. 5,
1860. His attainments and popularity gave
him great influence in Hanoverian politics, but
he lost his professorship at Göttingen because
or his liberal opinions, and after many vicissi-
tudes devoted himself to historical writing.
His History of the English Revolution (1844)
and History of the French Revolution' (1845)
are magnificent studies; but it is in the (His-
tory of Denmark (1840-43) that his powers are
most brilliantly displayed.
Dahn, Felix (dän). A distinguished German
poet, novelist, and historian; born at Ham-
burg, Feb. 9, 1834. He was professor of juris-
prudence successively in the universities of
Munich, Würtzburg, Königsberg, and Breslau.
Among his historical works is (The Kings of
the Germans,' his masterpiece in this depart-
ment (6 vols. , 1861–71). He is author also of
many tractates on the jurisprudence of the
ancient Germans, and the civil and criminal
law and procedure of modern German States.
He has also written epic and lyric poems re-
markable for strong thought, wide horizon, and
verbal richness. Of the epics may be named
(Harald and Theano) (1856); of the lyrics,
(Ballads and Songs) (1878). He is author also
of several historical novels, uniting profound
scholarship with poetic fancy; foremost among
them (The Struggle for Rome) (1876), with
scene laid in the 6th century. He has written
stories of contemporary life as well; and dra-
mas, as (German Fidelity) and (King Rod-
eric. *
D'Alembert. See Alembert.
Dalin, Olof von (däl'in). A distinguished
Swedish poet and historian, “father of modern
Swedish literature”; born at Vinberga, in Hal-
land, August 1708; died Aug. 12, 1763. He
found Swedish poetry over-austere and melan-
choly; he infused into it a sense of the joy of
existence. He at the same time enriched the
Swedish mother tongue with elements of vocab-
ulary and forms of expression from foreign
languages and literatures, which to some ex-
tent modified the native speech. The influence
of the study of the French classical drama is
seen in his epic poem (Sweden's Liberties
(1742), his drama (Brynhilda) (1738), and his
comedy (The Jealous Man (1738). But in
his numerous songs and ballads he is a Swede,
with a rich fund of humor. His (History of
the Kingdom of Sweden' (4 vols. ), reaching
to the death of Charles IX. , holds an honorable
place in Swedish historical literature. *
Dall, Caroline Wells. An American prose-
writer; born in Boston, Mass. , June 22, 1822.
capacity for satire revealed itself in (An Inter-
cepted Letter from Canton, and his "Songs of
Trafalgar) spread his fame as a poet. Mac-
aulay's review of his edition of Boswell's Life
of Johnson,' and his counterblast upon Mac-
aulay's History of England, are among the
celebrities of literary duels. He was a Tory
politician of intense fervor, permanently resign-
ing his seat in Parliament because of the
passage of the Reform Bill of 1832.
Croker, Thomas Crofton. An Irish anti-
quary and folklorist; born in Cork, Jan. 15,
1798; died at Old Brompton, Aug. 8, 1854.
(Researches in the South of Ireland); Fairy
Legends); and 'Legends of the Lakes, or Say.
ings and Doings at Killarney,' show his talent
in its happiest moods. His learning was pro-
found and accurate, and his style brilliant and
pleasing.
Croly, David Goodman. An American jour-
nalist; born in New York, Nov. 3, 1829; died
there, April 29, 1889. He was at different times
connected with various prominent New York
papers. He wrote : Life of Horatio Seymour)
(1868); History of Reconstruction) (1868);
"Glimpses of the Future) (1888); etc.
Croly, George. An Irish poet, dramatist, and
novelist; born in Dublin, Aug. 17, 1780; died in
London, Nov. 24, 1860. His works include:
Paris in 1815' (1817); (The Angel of the
World (1820); May Fair) (1820); “Salathiel)
(1829); (Marston) (1846); (The Modern Or-
lando) (1846); Life and Times of George
IV. ; and others. *
Croly, Jane (Cunningham). (" Jennie June. ”)
An American prose-writer, wife of D. G. Croly;
born in Market Harborough, England, Dec. 19,
1831; settled in New York city in 1841. From
1800 for many years she was editor of W. J.
Demorest's magazine, and has been editor of
others. She was one of the founders of “Sorosis »
and its president for fourteen years, and one
of the most active promoters of the Federation
of Woman's Clubs. She has published : (Talks
on Women's Topics (1863); For Better or
Worse) (1875); and (Three Manuals for Work)
(1885-89).
Cronegk, Johann Friedrich, Baron von
(krõ'nek). A German dramatist (1731-58);
born at Ansbach. Lessing pronounced his ode
(War) one of the finest produced in that day.
His tragedy (Codrus) won a prize in 1757; it
is admirable for its smooth and stately verse,
but it lacks the true poet's inspiration. He
was also author of some comedies, didactic
poems, epigrams, and spiritual songs.
Crosby, Howard. A distinguished American
Presbyterian divine and educator; born in New
York, Feb. 27, 1826; died there, March 29, 1891.
He was chancellor of the University of New
York 1870-81; one of the New Testament
Revision Committee; and interested in every
reform of his day. He wrote: (Lands of the
Moslem (1850); Life of Jesus) (1871); (The
Christian Preacher' (1880, Yale lectures for
1879-80); etc.
Crosswell, William. An American poet and
hymn-writer; born in Hudson, N. Y. , Nov. 7,
1804; died in Boston, Mass. , Nov. 9, 1851. Many
of his religious poems and hymns appeared in
the collection of Poems, Sacred and Secular,
edited by Arthur Cleveland Coxe (1859).
Crowe, Catherine. An English story-teller;
born (Stevens) at Borough Green, Kent; died
1876. She made her first essay in literature
with a tragedy, 'Aristodemus,' and then turned
to prose fiction. Lily Dawson) (1847) is re-
garded as the best of her novels. She became
an ardent devotee of spiritualism and animal
magnetism, and in 1852 published her most
notable work, «The Night Side of Nature) (2
vols. , 1852).
Crowe, Byre Evans. An English historian
and prose-writer; born 1799 ; died 1868. His
History of France 1830-44' is well known.
Crowe, Joseph Archer. An English historian
of art and miscellaneous writer; born in Lon.
don, Oct. 20, 1825; died 1896. He was long
eminent as a journalist, and for a time served
in the British diplomatic service. His celebrity
rests mainly upon the History of Painting in
Italy) (1864-71), the most important work on
this subject, written in collaboration with G. B.
Cavalcaselle. He also published other volumes
on art subjects.
Crowe, William. An English poet; born in
Midgham, Berkshire, October (? ) 1745; died at
Bath, Feb. 9, 1829. He was a clergyman and the
friend of Samuel Rogers. His work, especially
(Lewesdon Hill, a descriptive poem, was
praised by Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Moore
as noble in diction and elevating in imagery.
Crowne, John. An English dramatist; born
in Nova Scotia, about 1656; died at London (? ),
about 1703. He was esteemed at court for
(Sir Courtly Nice,' a comedy.
Cruden, Alexander. A Scotch writer; born
in Aberdeen, 1700; died 1770. He was noted
for his eccentricity. His Concordance to the
Old and New Testaments) is the familiar
authority on the subject.
Cruger, Mrs. Julia Grinnell (Storrow).
"Julien Gordon. A popular American novel-
ist; born in France, 18%. Her home is in
New York. She has written: "A Diplomat's
Diary); Mademoiselle Réséda); (A Puritan
Pagan'; Marionettes); (A Successful Man';
(Vampires); 'Poppæa.
Cruger, Mary. An American novelist; born
in New York State, 1834. Her home is in Mont-
rose, N. Y. She has written : (Hyperästhesia)
(1885); (A Den of Thieves) (1886); (The
## p. 126 (#142) ############################################
126
CRUSENSTOLPE-CUNNINGHAM
as
His principal works are: (The Hungarian
Muse) (1797); Dorothea, a comic epos (1804);
(Odes) (1805); (The Shepherd King' (1806);
(Anacreontics'; 'Battle of Frogs and Mice.
Cuellar, José T. de (kwāl'är). A Mexican
novelist, dramatist, and poet; born at San Luis
Potosi, Aug. 15, 1835. His reputation rests
mainly on his novel (The Sin of the Century,
published at San Luis Potosi in 1868. His
comedies and dramas include: (Duties and
Sacrifices); “Redemption); and (A Voyage to
the Orient. Among his novels are: Isolina,
the Ex-Ballet Girl); and (Gabriel the Lock.
smith. He has also written several poems.
Cueva, Juan de la (kwā'vä). A Spanish
poet (1550-1607); born at Seville. A poet at-
tempting all forms, he excelled most as a dra.
matist: he is one of the founders of Spanish
national drama. In a volume of "Works) (1582)
he published a number of lyric poems, sonnets,
songs, and elegies, including the Lament of
Venus over Adonis); noteworthy is his Phæ-
bean Chorus of Historical Romances) (1587).
His greatest epic is (The Conquest of Betica)
(1603). He wrote four tragedies, one of them
ence.
Vanderheyde Manor House) (1887); “How She
Did It, or Comfort on $150 a Year) (1888);
Brotherhood (1891).
Crusenstolpe, Magnus Jakob (kröʻzen-stol-
pe). A Swedish novelist and publicist (1795-
1865). He won considerable distinction with
a series of historico-romantic tales, Little
Stories); but his fame rests mainly on his work
a public journalist, historian, biographer,
and politician. His works of fiction became
in a degree political or progressist pamphlets;
e. g. , (The Moor, or the House of Holstein-
Gottorp in Sweden. '
Cruz, Juana Ines de la (kroth). A Mexi-
can poet (1651-95). Retiring from the vice-
regal court at the age of 17, she became a nun
of the Hieronymite order, and devoted herself
to poetry, music, and mathematics, leading at
the same time a life of great austerity. Her
writings consist of songs, dramas (all these
except two on religious themes), prologues, and
dramatic sacred ailegories. Her contempora-
ries styled her the Tenth Museand “the
Mexican Phænix. ) * (See Mexican Nun. ')
Cruz, Ramon de la. A Spanish dramatic
poet (1731-99). He rescued the native Spanish
drama from an inundation of French influ-
A marvelously prolific writer, he pro-
duced some 300 pieces in all departments of
dramatic composition. But of them all only
some interludes can now command attention;
these are alive in every line, reflecting with
absolute truth the life of the lowest orders.
Cruz, San Juan de la. (St. John of the
Cross. ) A Spanish mystic and poet (1542-91).
He was a Carmelite friar, canonized in 1674.
His prose writings on the inner life won for
him the title « The Ecstatic Doctor; famous
among them is (The Soul's Darksome Night.
In form and spirit his poetry is noble, deep,
and inspired by profound feeling. His com-
plete Spiritual Works) were first published
in 1619, and in a 12th edition 1703.
Crinkle, Nym. See Wheeler.
Császár, Ferencz (chā'zār). A Hungarian
poet (1807-58). His Poems, mostly sonnets
in the Italian style and nautical songs, entitle
him to a place among true poets. He trans-
lated several works of Alfieri, Beccaria, Silvio
Pellico, and other Italian writers, into Hun-
garian.
Csiky, Gregor (chēk'e). A Hungarian dram-
atist (1842-91); born at Buda-Pesth. He wrote
several very successful comedies, among them
(The Oracle) and (Suspicion. His tragedies
also – (Janus); (Spartacus); (The Magician' -
were received with great popular favor. He
wrote several novels, and translated plays of
Sophocles, Euripides, Plautus, Molière, and
British dramatists.
Csokonay, Vitéz Mihaly (choʻkõ-noi). A
Hungarian poet (1773-1805). He drew from
the well of the national poesy, and so con-
tributed to the formation of a native lyricism.
Bourbon; and ten comedies, one of the best
being «The Aged Lover. '
Cumberland, Richard. An English drama.
tist, novelist, essayist, and poet, grandson of
Richard Bentley ; born at Cambridge, Feb. 19,
1732; died at Tunbridge Wells, May 7, 1811.
Of good family and the highest prospects, he
was discredited and impoverished in public
service, and made literature a profession. His
comedies, (The West Indian); “The Wheel of
Fortune); “The Jew); and (The Fashionable
Lover,' are an epitome of the culture of the
time; as are his essays, collected under the title
of (The Observer. ' He wrote novels, tracts, re-
ligious and didactic poems, not now important;
(Anecdotes of Eminent Painters in Spain);
(Memoirs) (1806).
Cummins, Maria Susanna. An American
novelist; born at Salem, Mass. , April 9, 1827;
died at Dorchester, Mass. , Oct. 1, 1866. Her
novel “The Lamplighter) (1853) had enormous
success and was translated into foreign lan-
guages; it is still remembered for the idyllic
charm and tenderness of its first few chapters,
but the rest is commonplace. Her other books
are Mabel Vaughn) (1857); «El Fureidis)
(1860); “Haunted Hearts) (1863).
Cunningham, Allan. A Scottish poet and
miscellaneous writer; born in Keir, Dumfries-
shire, Dec. 7, 1784; died in London, Oct. 30
(not 29), 1842. When a youth he served as
an apprentice to a stone-mason; but later be-
came a reporter in London, and wrote (Sir
Marmaduke Maxwell,' a dramatic poem, and
(Lord Roldan) and Paul Jones, interesting
but rather theatrical romances. His Critical
History of the Literature of the Last Fifty
Years) and other books prompted Sir Walter
Scott to call him a genius.
## p. 127 (#143) ############################################
CUPPLES-CUVIER
127
some
Cupples, George. A Scotch sketch and
story writer; born in Legewood, Aug. 2, 1822;
died Oct. 7, 1891. In (The Green Hand' he
gives us a stirring tale of the sea; while his
papers on outdoor sports and tastes, and his
essays on literary topics, denote the scholar
and man of true feeling. *
Curtin, Jeremiah. An American linguist and
antiquarian writer; born in Wisconsin, 1838.
He has written : (Myths and Folk-Lore of Ire-
land); (Tales of the Fairies and the Ghost
World); (Myths and Folk-Tales of the Rus-
sians, Western Slavs, and Magyars); etc. He
is a proficient in the Slavic tongues; has made
addresses in Czech, and translated much from
Russian and Polish.
Curtis, Mrs. Caroline Gardiner (Cary).
(“Carroll Winchester. )) An American novel-
ist; born in New York State, 1827. Her home
is in Boston. She has written : (From Madge
to Margaret' (1880); (The Love of a Lifetime)
(1883).
Curtis, George Ticknor. An American
lawyer; born in Massachusetts, 1812; died
March 28, 1894. In addition to his eminence
at the New York bar, he was noted as the author
of an authoritative History of the Constitution
of the United States); he published likewise :
(Digest of English and American Admiralty
Decisions); (American Conveyancer); (Life of
James Buchanan'; Life of Daniel Webster);
"Creation or Evolution); and (John Charaxes,
a novel.
Curtis, George William. An American
author; born in Providence, R. I. , Feb. 24, 1824;
died at Staten Island, Aug. 31, 1892. He was
an early abolitionist, and a leader in the Re-
publican party from the first; for many years
the editor of Harper's Weekly, and the writer of
the 'Editor's Easy Chair) in Harper's Monthly,
besides the Manners upon the Roadseries for
Harper's Bazar (1867–73). He was also a lect-
urer of great popularity. His works include:
Nile Notes of a Howadji? (1851); (The How-
adji in Syria) (1852); (Lotus Eating) (1852);
« Potiphar Papers) (1853); ( Prue and ' (1856);
(Trumps) (1862); and others. *
Curtis, William Eleroy.
An American jour-
nalist and writer of travels; born in Ohio, 1850.
He has written : (Capitals of Spanish America)
(1888); (The Land of the Nihilist) (1888);
Japan Sketches); “Venezuela); “Life of Zach-
ariah Chandler); (The Yankees of the East);
etc.
Curtius, Ernst (kör'tse-ös). A distinguished
German archæologist and historian; born at
Lübeck, 1814; died 1896. His studies were all
directed toward Grecian antiquity, and he vis-
ited Greece repeatedly on scientific missions.
In Peloponnesus) (2 vols. , 1851) he gives an
account of the history of that peninsula, its
traditions, and its works of art. His "Greek
History' is a popularization of the results of
scholarly research, and is written in a pleasing
and popular style. His works on “Olympia)
and other ancient cities are addressed rather
to scholars than to the general public. *
Cushing, Caleb. A famous American jurist,
statesman, and diplomatist; born at Salisbury,
Mass. , Jan. 17, 1800; died at Newburyport,
Mass. , Jan. 2, 1879. He was United States
commissioner to China (1843-44); Attorney-
General (1853-57); Counsel before the Geneva
arbitration tribunal (1871-72); minister to Spain
(1874-77). He published: (Reminiscences of
Spain); Life of William Henry Harrison)
(1840); History of Newburyport' (1826); etc.
Custer, Elizabeth (Bacon). An American
prose-writer; born in Monroe, Mich. , 18--;
wife of Gen. George A. Custer. She is author
of (Boots and Saddles, or Life in Dakota
with General Custer) (1885); (Tenting on the
Plains, or General Custer in Kansas and
Texas) (1887); and (Following the Guidon. )
Custine, Astolphe, Marquis de (küs-tēn').
A French novelist and writer of travels (1790
1857); born near Metz. He traveled in the
British Isles, Switzerland, and Southern Italy
(1811-22), and afterward in Spain and Russia.
The results of his observations in Russia
were of considerable importance, and were pub-
lished in 4 vols. , 1843. He wrote a tragedy, Bea-
trice Cenci? ; and
romances, among
them (Aloysius, or the Monk of St. Bernard”;
Romuald, or the Vocation. His Letters to
Varnhagen von Ense and Rachel Varnhagen
von Ense) were published in 1870.
Custis, George Washington Parke. An
American writer; born at Mt. Airy, Md. , April
30, 1781; died at Arlington House, Fairfax
County, Va. , Oct. 10, 1857. He was the adopted
son of George Washington. He wrote (Recol-
lections of Washington) (1860), and several
plays and orations.
Cutler, Elbridge Jefferson. An American
educator and miscellaneous writer; born in
Holliston, Mass. , Dec. 28, 1831; died in Cam-
bridge, Mass. , Dec. 27, 1870. From 1865 until
his death he was professor of modern lan-
guages at Harvard. His contributions ap-
peared in the Atlantic Monthly and other
periodicals. War Poems) was published in
1867, and (Stella) in 1868.
Cutler, Mrs. Lizzie (Petit). An American
novelist; born in Virginia, 1836. Her home is
in New York. She has written : (Light and
Darkness ); (Household Mysteries,' a romance
of Southern life; (The Stars of the Crowd. '
Cuvier, Georges Léopold Chrétien Frédé.
ric Dagobert (kü-vyā'). A celebrated French
zoologist; born at Montbéliard, Aug. 23, 1769;
died at Paris, May 13, 1832. His first great
work, fruit of most laborious researches, was
(Lectures on Comparative Anatomy) (5 vols. ,
1801), comprising for the most part only such
points of molluscan anatomy as he himself
had developed. It was the same with all his
works: they are records of most painstaking
labor and study. His grand generalizations
a
i
## p. 128 (#144) ############################################
128
CUYLER -- DA COSTA
on the facts of nature appear in the Discourse
on the Revolutions of the Earth's Surface and
on the Changes They have Brought About in
the Animal Kingdom. ? His master work is
(The Animal Kingdom) (4 vols. , 1817). *
Cuyler, Theodore Ledyard. A noted Amer.
ican Presbyterian divine and miscellaneous
writer; born at Aurora, N. Y. , Jan. 10, 1822.
Besides numerous contributions to newspa-
pers and other periodicals, he has written.
(Heart Life) (1871); (From the Nile to Nor-
way) (1881); “Stirring the Eagle's Nest' (1890);
etc.
Cyrano de Bergerac, Savinien (ser-ä-nö de
berzh-räk'). A French writer of literary ex-
travaganzas (1619-55); born at Paris. He was
a famous duelist, and fought more than a
thousand single combats, most of them pro-
voked by comments on his enormously over-
grown nose. In style and composition he is
without taste or judgment; but he is always
sprightly and fanciful, often witty and ingen-
ious. Boileau noted his “daring burlesque. ”
He wrote: Letters,' amorous or satirical; a
"Comic History of the States and Empire of
the Moon,' and another (Of the Sun,' both
full of metaphysical and satirical passages in
the vein later made famous by Swift, to whom
they are thought to have suggested (Gulliver. )
His one tragedy, (Agrippina,' evinces great
dramatic power; he wrote also a clever comedy,
(The Pedant Laughing-Stock. )
Czajkovski, Michal (chi-kov'skē). A Polish
novelist (1808-76). He entered the Turkish
army in 1851, embraced Mohammedanism and
rose to high rank (Pasha Sadyk); later he
went back to the Ukraine and conformed to
the Russo-Greek religion. He struck a new
and original vein in fiction-writing. The force
and fire of his characterizations are extraor-
dinary. His greatest work is (Verny hora,' a
historical novel of the year 1768, which has
been translated into nearly all the languages
of Europe. Hardly less celebrated is (The
Hetman of the Ukraine. )
Czuczor, Gergely (tsö tsor or cho'chor). A
Hungarian poet and philologist (1800-66). His
two fine hero-ballads, "The Battle of Augs-
burg) (1824) and (The Diet of Arad) (1828),
brought him instant celebrity. He was a Bene-
dictine monk, and the eroticism of the first
collection of his “Poetical Works) (1836)
brought on him stern animadversion from his
superiors. In 1848 he published (Reveil, a
passionate appeal to Hungarian national sen-
timent, and was imprisoned for it.
D
Daae, Ludvig (da'ė). A Norwegian his-
torian; born in Aremark, near Frederikshald,
Dec. 7, 1834. He has paid particular atten-
tion to the annals of his own country; his
best-known works being : Norwegian Village
Legends) (1870–72); «Norway's Saints) (1879);
(The Migrations of the Norsemen to Holland
and England (1880); and others in this field.
(
Dabney, Robert Lewis. An American prose-
writer; born in Louisa County, Va. , March 5,
1820. He is a Presbyterian clergyman, and
since 1883 has filled the chair of moral phi-
losophy in the University of Texas. Dr. Dab-
ney has published: Life of General T. J.
(Stonewall) Jackson (1864); “Sacred Rhetoric)
(1866); (Sensualistic Philosophy) (1878); and
(The Christian Sabbath) (1881). (Collected
Discussions) is one of his recent works.
Dabney, Virginius. An American prose-
writer; born at Elmington, Va. , Feb. 15, 1835.
His publication of (The Story of Don Miff,
as Told by his Friend, John Bouche Whacker,
a Symphony of Life) (1886), reached its fourth
edition in six months. He also published Gold
that Did not Glitter. )
Daboll, Nathan. An American educator
and writer; born about 1750; died in Groton,
Conn. , March 9, 1818. He wrote the (School-
master's Assistant) (1799) and the Practical
Navigator. He is best known for his share
in the universally used New England Al-
manac,' which he began in 1773.
Daboll, Nathan. An American writer; born
in Connecticut, 1782; died 1863. He was son
of the preceding, and compiled the New Eng-
land Almanac) begun by his father. He is
the author of Daboll's New Arithmetic, long
a terror to the American schoolboy.
Dach, Simon (däch). A German lyrist
(1605-59); born at Memel.
His numerous
hymns and songs are found in various collec-
tions, his hymns especially in the Spiritual
Arias) of Heinrich Albert. He wrote several
occasional poems in honor of the Electoral
House of Brandenburg,---(Electoral Branden-
burgian Rose, Eagle, Lion, and Sceptre. He
often followed his native poetic bent, disre-
garding the hard and fast rules of the poetic
schools of his time; and then he was spon-
taneous, natural, and spoke directly to the
popular heart. His "Annie of Tharau,' a Low-
German lay for the wedding of his friend Par-
son Portatius with Anna Neander, became a
popular favorite ; his "Praise of Friendship)
seems to belong to a better age; and his spir-
itual songs, (In Thy Control, O Lord, (Be
Comforted, my Soul, etc. , are hardly surpassed
by any compositions of his day.
Da Costa, Izaak (dä kos'tä). A Dutch poet
and theologian; born at Amsterdam, Jan. 14,
1798; died at Leyden, April 28, 1800. Among
his works are : (Prometheus) (1820); Poems!
(1821–22); (Gala Songs) (1828); and (Hagar)
(1840).
## p. 129 (#145) ############################################
1
DACRE-DALL
I 29
(
1
Dacre, Barbarina Brand, Lady. An Eng.
lish poet and dramatist; born (Ogle) 1768;
died in London, May 17, 1854. Her singular
gifts and her faculty for poetic imagery are
richly shown in Gonzalvo of Cordova' (1810);
a drama, Pedarias' (1811), a tragedy of ancient
Peruvian civilization; and the five-act master-
piece (Ina'; in addition to which a series of
" Translations from the Italian' are both spirited
and accurate.
Daems, Servaas Domien (dams). A Flem-
ish poet; born at Noorderwyk, about 1838.
His verse is seen at its best in the collection
called (Luit en Fluit' (1884).
Dahl, Konrad Neuman Hjelm (däl). A
Norwegian story-teller; born in the parish of
Drontheim, June 24, 1843. He is author of a
series of stories and novels of Norwegian and
Lapp life, with much insight into nature and
into the heart of the people. Most notable
among them are: “The Finnish Youth (1873);
* The Lion (1874); (Eda Mansika) (1875);
(The Voyager in the Icy Sea' (1878).
Dahl or Dal, Dalj, Vladimir Ivanovitch
(dal). A Russian story-writer and etymologist ;
born in Lugan, Nov. 22, 1801; died in Mos-
cow, Oct. 4, 1872. He wrote many powerful
realistic tales, besides an 'Expository Diction-
ary of High Russian Speech? (1861-68) and a
dictionary of proverbs.
Dahlgren, Fredrik August (dälgren). A
Swedish poet and dramatist; born at Nord-
mark, Aug. 20, 1816. He has written many
dialect songs and ballads, collections of which
were published in three volumes (1876). These
have attained an extraordinary degree of pop-
ularity. Of his dramas many have been very
successful; his 'Vermlandingarne, a musical
drama (1846), had more than 100 consecutive
representations. He has translated a great
many dramas from foreign languages, and has
written a history of the Swedish stage.
Dahlgren, Karl Fredrik. A Swedish poet
and humorist (1791-1844); born at Stensbruk
in East Gothland. He excelled in descriptions
of nature and in the idyllic burlesque. Many
of his songs and ballads have a permanent
place in the treasury of Swedish popular song,
For years he published a Muses’ Almanac, con-
taining his stories and comic sketches. His
novel (Nahum Fredrik Bergström's Chronicle )
(1831 ) is a work of distinguished merit.
Dahlgren, Madeleine Vinton. An Ameri-
can prose-writer and poet, wife of the late Ad.
miral Dahlgren; born in Gallipolis, O. , about
1835. Her works include: Idealities) (1859);
"South Sea Sketches) (1881); (Etiquette of
Social Life in Washington (1881); (Memoirs
of John A. Dahlgren' (1882); (The Lost Name);
and Lights and Shadows of a Life) (1886).
For her Spanish translation of Donoso Cortes's
(Catholicism, Liberalism, and Socialism,' she
received the thanks of Pius IX.
Dahlmann, Friedrich Christoph (däl'män).
A German historian and publicist; born in
Wismar, May 13, 1785; died in Bonn, Dec. 5,
1860. His attainments and popularity gave
him great influence in Hanoverian politics, but
he lost his professorship at Göttingen because
or his liberal opinions, and after many vicissi-
tudes devoted himself to historical writing.
His History of the English Revolution (1844)
and History of the French Revolution' (1845)
are magnificent studies; but it is in the (His-
tory of Denmark (1840-43) that his powers are
most brilliantly displayed.
Dahn, Felix (dän). A distinguished German
poet, novelist, and historian; born at Ham-
burg, Feb. 9, 1834. He was professor of juris-
prudence successively in the universities of
Munich, Würtzburg, Königsberg, and Breslau.
Among his historical works is (The Kings of
the Germans,' his masterpiece in this depart-
ment (6 vols. , 1861–71). He is author also of
many tractates on the jurisprudence of the
ancient Germans, and the civil and criminal
law and procedure of modern German States.
He has also written epic and lyric poems re-
markable for strong thought, wide horizon, and
verbal richness. Of the epics may be named
(Harald and Theano) (1856); of the lyrics,
(Ballads and Songs) (1878). He is author also
of several historical novels, uniting profound
scholarship with poetic fancy; foremost among
them (The Struggle for Rome) (1876), with
scene laid in the 6th century. He has written
stories of contemporary life as well; and dra-
mas, as (German Fidelity) and (King Rod-
eric. *
D'Alembert. See Alembert.
Dalin, Olof von (däl'in). A distinguished
Swedish poet and historian, “father of modern
Swedish literature”; born at Vinberga, in Hal-
land, August 1708; died Aug. 12, 1763. He
found Swedish poetry over-austere and melan-
choly; he infused into it a sense of the joy of
existence. He at the same time enriched the
Swedish mother tongue with elements of vocab-
ulary and forms of expression from foreign
languages and literatures, which to some ex-
tent modified the native speech. The influence
of the study of the French classical drama is
seen in his epic poem (Sweden's Liberties
(1742), his drama (Brynhilda) (1738), and his
comedy (The Jealous Man (1738). But in
his numerous songs and ballads he is a Swede,
with a rich fund of humor. His (History of
the Kingdom of Sweden' (4 vols. ), reaching
to the death of Charles IX. , holds an honorable
place in Swedish historical literature. *
Dall, Caroline Wells. An American prose-
writer; born in Boston, Mass. , June 22, 1822.
