(2)
application
(prayoga-), (3) insight (darsana-), (4) meditation (bhavana-), and (5) mastery (asaikSa-).
Thurman-Robert-a-F-Tr-Tsong-Khapa-Losang-Drakpa-Brilliant-Illumination-of-the-Lamp-of-the-Five-Stages
?
aQa
dutkha
sam vrti
sam vrti-satya
abhijiia
adhara
paramananda
Pravaha (vayu)
sa tra, so traka, sa tranta ak! ? ara, lipika, varQa ak! ? ara
cihna
EngUsh
symbol (convention) symbol-seal sympathy
system
systematizer, pioneer taint
Tantra, continuity taste, mood
teacher
teaching
teaching
ten stage lord
ten wind-energies texture
thatness (immanent)
thatness, reality
the naive, the foolish
theologian, dogmatist
theoretical (conscious, intellectual) self-habit
theory, philosophy
thesis
thing
thorough insight
thorough investigation
three conducts, three lifestyles
three consciousnesses three luminances three mandalas
three radiances
three realities three realities three realms
three syllables
Tibetan
brda
mtshan ma'i phyag rgya [thugs) brtse ba
lugs, mam gzhag
srol phye ba
dri ma
rgyud
ro
slob dpon, ston pa
chos
bstan pa, bstan bcos
sa bcu ' i dbang phyug rlung bcu
reg bya
de nyid, de kho na nyid de kho na nyid, de nyid byis pa'i skye bo, byis pa rtog ge pa
kun brtags bdag 'dzin
grub mtha'
dam bca'
dngos po, chos
yongs su shes pa, rtogs pa yongs su \shol ba
spyod pa mam gsum
mam par shes pa gsum snang ba gsum
dkyil 'Ichor gsum snang ba gsum
ngo bo nyid gsum
de nyid gsum
khams gsum, sa 'og dang sa steng dang mtho ris
yi ge gsum
sam keta cihna-mudrl anukampa
naya, vyavasthlna
mala
tantra
rasa
acarya, sastr dharma
de? ana. sastra da? abho mTsvara da? a vayu
spar? &
tattvam
tattva
billa, blili8a
tlirkika parikalpitatmagrahadi
siddhlinta
pratijiili
bhava, padlirlha, dharma parijiilina
parye$t
trividhacaryl
vijiilina-traya
aloka-traya
trimaJ:I(;Iala
libhlisa-traya trisvabhlivam
tri-tattva
tridhlitu, bho rbhuvab;v&Q
ak$ara-traya, tryak$ara
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 621 Sanskrit
622 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
three times three vehicles three voids three worlds tolerance torpor
Traditionalist, Scripturalist transcendence
transcendence vehicle
transcendent
transcendent lord
transcendent reality (suchness)
transcendent renunciation transcendent wisdom
transcendental (opposite of mundane, social)
transformation
transparence, clear light triple realm
triple realm
true existence
true production truth body truth-habit truth-status truth, reality truthlessness
twelve ascetical practices
twelve links of dependent origination
twelve similes of magic two [sexual] organs
Tibetan
dus gsum theg pa gsum stong pa gsum 'jig rten gsum bzod pa gnyid, rmugs mdo sde pa
pha rol tu phyin pa, nges legs
phar phyin theg pa 'jig rten las 'das pa de bzhin gshegs pa
de bzhin nyid
nges par 'byung ba
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa
'jig rten las 'das pa
yongs su log, yongs su gyur pa
'od gsal ba
srid pa gsum khams gsum
bden par yod pa bden par skyes pa chos kyi sku
bden par 'dzin pa
bden par grub pa
bden pa
bden par med pa, bden par rna grub pa
sbyangs pa'i yon tan bcu gnyis
rten 'brei bcu gnyis
sgyu ma' i dpe bcu gnyis dbang po gnyis
Sanskrit
try-adhva, trikala triyana sonya-traya triloka
k? anti
middha
sautrantika paramita, nibSreyasa
paramitayana lokottara tathagata tathata
apavarga, niryilQa prajiUiparamita
lokottara
parilvrtti, pariJJ. ilmana
prabhasvara tri-bhuvanaril traidhatuka *satyasat *satyotpllda dharma-kaya satyadraha satyasiddha tathya, satya asatyasiddha
dvadasa-dhOta-gu1;1a pratnya-dvadasanga
dvadasa-maya-dntanta dvayendriya
English
two realities
ultimacy analytic rational cognition
ultimacy status
ultimacy-analytic rational cognition
ultimate (reality)
ultimate production
ultimate unreality
ultramoving [wind)
unanalyzed existence
unanalyzed social convention
unborn
unconquered
unconscious, instinctual
unconscious, instinctual futile view
unconscious, instinctual, misknowledge
unconscious, instinctual, self-habit
uncontaminated
uncontrived, unfabricated
uncreated
undeducible
unelaborated
unelaborated conduct, unelaborated lifestyle
unerring
unerring suchness unexcelled unification
union
unique vehicle
uniting liliga and bhaga universal (great) seal
Tibetan
bden pa gnyis
don dam dpyod pa'i rigs shes
don dam du grub pa
satyadvaya ? paramllrthavicllrayuktijftana
paramllrthasiddha
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 623 Sanskrit
don dam (mthar thug) dpyod "'paramarthavicllrayukti-jftana pa'i rigs shes
don dam (bden pa)
don dam du skyes pa
don dam ngo bo nyid med pa
nges par rgyu ba
rna brtags par yod pa
rna dpyad (brtags) pa'i 'jig rten gyi tha snyad
skye ba med pa zil gyis mi non pa ! han kyes
'jig Ita ! han skyes
rna rig pa ! han skyes
bdag 'dzin Ihan skyes
zag pa med
rna bcos pa
'dus rna byas pa
brtag tu med pa
spros pa med pa
spros pa med pa'i spyod pa
mi 'chor ba
rna nor ba de bzhin nyid
bla na med pa
gcig sbyor ba
sbyor ba
theg pa gcig pa
bha ga dang linga'i sbyor ba phyag rgya chen po
paramartha (satya) paramll. rthotpllda paramll. rtha nirvll. ha [vayu]
anutpanna anabhibhota sahaja sahajasatkayadf$ti
sahajavidya
sahajatmagraha
aniisrava
akftaka
anabhisaritslqta, asaritslqta apratarkya
ni$prapaiica ni$prapaiica-carya
ak$0l)a avitathatii anuttara eka-yoga
yoga
ekayana bhaga-linga-yoga mahiimudrii
624 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
universal monarch Universal Vehicle universal void universal, generality Universalist unlocated nirvaQa
unmanifest
unobstructed
unproduced
unreal, unreality, non- existent
unreality
unreflective (inquiry, usage)
unshakeable samadhi unspoken, syllableless unstruck [sound] unvirtuous, unskillful unwavering
upmoving [wind] utterance
utterly peaceful vajra
vajra body vajra intuition vajra mentor vajra recitation vajra samadhi
vajra teacher
Vajra Vehicle
vajra word
Vajrayanist
validating cognition validating rational cognition
Tibetan
'khor los sgyur ba theg pa chen po thams cad stong pa spyi
theg pa chen po pa
mi gnas pa'i mya ngan las 'das pa
mi mngon
thogs pa med pa
skye ba med pa
med, med pa, yod rna yin pa, dngos med
dngos med, ngo bo nyid med pa
rang dga ba('i brtag pa, jug pa)
rni gyo ba'i ting nge 'dzin yi ge bral, yi ge rned pa rni shigs pa
rni dge ba
rni gyo [ba]
ldang zhing rgyu ba
brjod pa
rab tu zhi ba
rdo rje
rdo rje Ius
rdo rje'i ye shes
rdo rje slob dpon
rdo rje bzlas pa
rdo rje Ita bu'i ting nge 'dzin
rdo rje slob dpon
rdo rje theg pa
rdo rje'i tshig
rdo rje theg pa [mams] tshad rna
tshad rna? rigs shes
Sanskrit
cakravarti mahayana
sarva-? D nya samanya mahayanika aprati? ftita -nirvaQa
avyak:ta
asaitga anutpada abhava, abhil ta
nib;vabhliva , nibsvabhavata
asphanak:a-samadhi anak:? ara
anahata
ak:uSala
acala
udvaha [vayu] udahara
prasanta
vajra
vajradeha vajra-jiilina vajraguru vajra-japa vajropama-samlidhi
vajrliclirya
vajrayana
vajra-pada
vajrayanika
pramaoa *prlmll,likayuktijiiana
English
vanity
vase
vehicle
Venerable Master
(Nilgll. rjuna) verbal designation verbal formulation
verbal token verbal universal victor
victor lord
view
virtuous and non-virtuous, beautiful and ugly,
skillful and unskillful vision, perception
visualized, imagined
vitality control, life-energy control (branch)
vitality, vitality [air] void, empty
voided, emptied voidness, emptiness vow, prayer
vowels
vowels and consonants waking
water-moon well-known, public wheel of existence
will to enlightenment, spirit of enlightenment
wind-energy (wind) wind-energy reality wisdom
wisdom and art wisdom intuition
Tibetan
gsog
bum pa
bzhon pa
rje btsun. klu sgrub
ming gis gdags pa ming gis brjod pa ngag gi brda
sgra spyi
rgyal ba
rgyal dbang
Ita ba
dge ba dang mi dge ba
snang ba, nye bar dmigs pa brtags, kun brtags pa
srog dang rtsol ba (yan lag)
srog
stong pa
stongs gzhi
stong pa nyid
smon lam
dbyangs
ll li kll li
gnyid rna log pa
chu zla
grags
'khor ba
byang chub kyi sems
rlung
rlung gi de kho na nyid shes rab
shes rab dang thabs shes rab kyi ye shes
tuccha
kalaf. a
vllhana bhallraka- pada
nllmaprajftapti nllmllbhidhllna vak- cchomll S&bdasamanya jina
jinendra dr? ? subhllSubha
darS&na. upalabdhi parikalpita prauayama (auga)
prllJ. la
so nya
yena so nyata, so nyadhara so nyatll
prauidhana
svara
lllikllli
jllgrat udaka-candra prasiddha bhava-cakra bodhicitta
vllta, vllyu, mllruta vayu-tattva
prajiia
prajiiopllya prajiill-jiillna
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 625 Sanskrit
626 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
wisdom transcendence
wisdom-intuition wisdom-intuition initiation
wise expert
withstand analysis, ability to world
world (people) world-mentor
world-realm
worldly
worldly concern
worship, offering
yogi/ni (male or female) yogini
zombiess
Tibetan
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa
shes rab kyi ye shes
shes rab dang ye shes kyi dbang bskur ba
mkhas pa
dpyad bzod pa 'gro ba
'jig rten pa
'gro ba'i bla
'jig rten gyi khams
'jig rten pa
'jig rten pa'i chos
mchod pa mal 'byor pa mal 'byor ma ro langs rna
Sanskrit
prajiillpllramitll
prajiia-jiilina prajiill-jiilinlibhi$eka
paQQita
jagat
loka jagad-guru lokadhiitu laukika loka-dharma piljll
yogi
yogini vetlili
Glossary ofNumerical Categories
two contemplations (dhyana - bsam gtan). These are: ( I ) the dissolvent (rjes gzhig) and (2) holistic (ri/ 'd:. in) contemplations used to reinforce the concentration needed to dissolve the wind-energies into the central channel in the context of the higher stages of the perfection stage.
two obscurations (c'Zvarat? advaya). ( I ) Addictive obscuration (kle? c'Zvarat:w) and (2) objec- tive obscuration (jfleyc'Zvarat? a). The former may be eliminated by arhats and bodhi- sattvas of a certain stage, while the latter is eliminated only at buddhahood.
two selves (c'Ztmc'Zdvaya). ( I ) Subjective, or personal, self (pudga/c'Ztmc'Z) and (2) objective self (dharmc'Ztmc'Z), which are the ultimately non-existent assumed objects we seem to perceive as the essential cores of persons and things.
two selflessnesses (nairc'Ztmyadvaya). ( I ) Subjective or personal selflessness (pudgala- nairc'Ztmya) and (2) objective selflessness (dharmanairc'Ztmyc'Z), both being descriptions of the ultimate reality, which is devoid of the "two kind of selves," the realization of which is called "transcendent wisdom" (prajflaparamiUI).
two stores (put? yajflc'Znasambhtlra). The stores of ( I ) merit and of (2) wisdom; all deeds of bodhisattvas contribute to their accumulation of these two stores, which ultimately culminate in the buddha bodies of matter (rapakaya) and of truth (dharmakaya).
two realities (sometimes "truths") (satyadvaya). ( I ) The superficial reality (samvrtisatya) and (2) the ultimate reality (paramc'Zrthasatya), or the relative truth and the absolute truth, or the conventional reality and the supreme reality.
three bad migrations (durgati). The migrations in: ( I ) hell, (2) the limbo of hungry ghosts, or (3) the animal kingdom.
three bodies of the Buddha (trikiiya). ( I ) The "truth body" (dharmakaya), (2) the "beatific body" (sambhogakiiya), and (3) the "emanation body" (nirmat? akaya). A buddha is no longer an ordinary being, a self-habit-ridden individual caught inside his skin. Bud- dhists have developed a number of ways to express the extraordinary qualities of the experience of enlightenment. The three bodies is one of the most important of these. The ordinary mind at enlightenment expands in an experience of oneness with the infinity of beings and things, which becomes a permanent awareness, called the body of truth or reality. This is the highest fruit of wisdom, a state of virtual omniscience-
nirvana-a perfect, ultimate freedom, and the uttermost fulfillment of all selfish con- cerns. At the same time, the ordinary speech and body do not lose their continua of life. Body and speech are seen by Buddhists as being interactive with others: body reaches out from self-centeredness to touch other persons and things; speech communi- cates the content of mind to others, linking mind to mind. Therefore the continuum of speech expands as a celebration of the mind's attainment of infinite oneness, becoming a consummate and infinite joy experienced as a body of beatitude; a sort of subtle or ethereal body made of the sheer joy at being free of suffering, at having realized the absolute nature of reality. It is as infinite as reality, a subtle radiant omnipresence of a buddha's joy throughout all things. Finally, the continuum of ordinary body expands
627
628 ? Glossary ofNumerical Categories
with enlightenment into an emanation body; a limitless number of individuated mani- festations arises out of the background energy of the beatific body when a buddha spontaneously interacts with ordinary beings who cannot perceive their oneness with the beatific presence in and around them and persist in the misknowing individual theater of suffering and alienation. For the buddhas, infinite mind and speech magically create whatever gross embodiments are appropriate to relate to such beings, liberate them from their suffering, and ultimately inspire them to discover their own enlighten- ment and beatitude. These three buddha bodies are aligned with the ordinary processes of death, between, and life, with sleep, dream, and waking, as well as with mind, speech,
and body.
three concentrations (samadhi). ( 1 ) The heroic meditation (surarh gam4, (2) the illusory
meditation (mayopama), and (3) the adamantine meditation (vajropama).
three conducts (carya - spyod pa). These three are: ( 1 ) the elaborated conduct, (2) the on- elaborated conduct, and (3) the extremely unelaborated conduct. They are special life- styles adopted by the Tantric adept on either the creation stage or the perfection stage level. They were somewhat scandalous by ancient or modern codes of social and sexual behavior, but perhaps less so in the Jess puritanical and aesthetically sophisti- cated urban and court society of ancient India. They are meant to be esoteric, yet throughout Tantric history definitely inspired imitation by people not at all at the level of insight and yogic self-mastery required to pursue such exercises. Thus they gave Tantric adepts a bad name in some quarters. They are part of the "crazy discipline" (unmattavrata - myon pa 'i brtul bzhug) that aims to transform the pride of ordinari- ness of perception and conception into the vivid vision of purified perception of self and others and the environmental world. The elaborated is suitable only for adepts of great wealth and social position - such as kings and the like - in that it involves elabo- rate residences, elegant equipment and dress and musical organizations, and the assem- bling of a cast of actors who are all on the path and are adepts of some level in their own right. The unelaborated is simpler and easier to keep esoteric. The extremely un-
elaborated is very sparse, involved only a couple and a very modest, retreated lifestyle.
three defilements (mala). There is no conclusive evidence as to whether this refers to the taints of the three poisons (see entry) or to the three contaminations (asrava), by desire, etc .
three doors (of evolutionary action) (karmamukha). ( 1 ) Body (kaya), (2) speech (vtlk), and (3) mind (citta).
three doors of liberation (vimoksamukha). (I) Voidness (sanyata), (2) signlessness (animittll), and (3) wishlessness (apra{l ihitll).
three intuitions, intuitive wisdoms, or gooses Unana - ye shes) of the subtle mind. These are: ( 1 ) luminance, (2) radiance, and (3) imminence (tl/oka-abhasa-upalabdhi - snang mched nyer thob) experienced as moonlit, sunlit, and darklit (or evening twilight or midnight darkened) sky spaces, when the wind-energies have dissolved into the central channel and the 80 instinctual natures have subsided. Attainment of these three leads to conscious immersion in the clear light transparence that is the "fourth state," experi- enced as a diamond crystal grey predawn twilight transparence or transparency. This is called the "extremely subtle mind," normally experienced but not noticed at death,
Glossary ofNumerical Categories ? 629 fainting, falling asleep, and orgasm. It is embodied nondually in the extremely subtle
body of the indestructible drop. See "33, 40, 7, and 80 instincts. " teaching).
three realms. See "three worlds. "
three spiritual heroes (sam? a - sems dpa '). These are: ( 1) the devotee hero (samayasattva - dam tshig sems dpa), (2) the wisdom or intuition hero Unanasattva - ye shes sems dpa '), and (3) the samadhi hero (samadhisattva - ting nge 'dzin sems dpa ').
three worlds (tridhatu). ( l ) The desire world (kamadhtitu), (2) the material world, (rapa- dhatu), and (3) the immaterial world (tirOpyadhatu).
four branches of a creation stage performance practice (seva, anusadhana, sadhana, and mahasadhana - bsnyen pa, rjes su sgrub pa, sgrub pa, sgrub pa chen po). These seg- ments of a creation stage contemplative performance may be translated as ( I ) service, (2) practice, (3) performance, and (4) great realization.
four contemplations (dhytina). ( 1 ) The first contemplation is the attainment of the joy and bliss (prrtisukha) arising from solitude and freedom from desires and sins. (2) The second is the attainment of the joy and bliss arising from the cessation of discursive thought. (3) The third is the attainment of equanimity, with mindfulness, awareness, and physical ease, and beyond any feeling of joy. (4) The fourth is the utter purity of awareness of equanimity, without pleasure or pain, elation or depression. These four contemplations combine with the four trances (see entry) and the final state of utter
cessation to form the nine sequential states (anupiirvavihara) leading to the highest liberation. These contemplations also correspond to the four divine bodes (brahma- vihara), which respectively subdivided into three, three, tree, and seven layers of heavens where pure matter realm deities dwell.
f o u r a p p l i c a t i o n s o f m i n d fu l n e s s ( s m rty u p a s t h a n a ) . T h e s e a r e t h e s t a t i o n i n g , o r f o c u s i n g , of mindfulness on: ( l) the body, (2) sensations, (3) the mind, and (4) things. These four are the first four of the thirty-seven accessories of enlightenment (see entry).
four noble truths (tlryasatya). The noble truths of ( 1 ) suffering (dui,J kha), (2) its origin (samudaya), (3) its cessation (nirodha), and (4) the path (mtlrga) to its cessation.
four joys (ananda - dga ba). These are attained by the yogi/ni when s/he injects the neural wind-energies into the central dhoti channel, kindles the furor-fire, and melts the white spirit of enlightenment from the brain wheel down the central channel from wheel to wheel. (I) When it melts from the crown wheel to the throat wheel, there is joy; (2) from the throat wheel to the heart wheel, supreme joy; (3) from the heart wheel to the navel wheel, ecstatic joy; and (4) from the navel wheel to the genital wheel, orgasmic joy. This process can be repeated with even greater intensity going back upward: in reverse order from genital to navel, joy; from navel to heart, supreme joy:
Three Jewels (Triratna). The three precious things in Buddhism: ( I ) the Buddha, (2) the Dhanna (his teaching), and (3) the Sarilgha (the community of practitioners of that
three knowledges (vidya). Three of the six superknowledges (see entry): (I) knowledge of former (and future) lives (p? vanivasana smttijflana ), (2) knowledge of magical operations (tddhi,? idhijifana ), and (3) knowledge of termination of birth and defilement
(utptldasrava-Hayajflana).
6. 10 ? Glo. uary ofNum? rical Cczt? gorie. ?
from heart to throat. ecstatic joy: and from throat to crown. orgasmic joy. Or the four joys "an proc? ? d by going progressiv? ly inward in the heart wheel alone. The various Tantras are full of ways of cultivating the great bliss that realizes ultimate voidness. This process of four joys parallels a set of four voids: brain to throat, void: throat to heart. great void: heart to navel. extreme void; navel to genital, universal void. They can also correspond to the three luminances and clear light.
four immeasurables (apramll{Ja). ( I ) The immeasurable of love: wishing all living beings to have happiness and the cause of happiness. (2) The immeasurable of compassion: wishing all living beings to be free of suffering and the cause of suffering. (3) The immeasurable of gladness: wishing all living beings not to be apart from supreme hap- piness of liberation. (4) The immeasurable of impartiality: being free of affection and aversion. These correspond to the four contemplations and the four divine abodes.
four insignia (or epitomes) of the Dharma (dharmamudra or dharmoddana). The four are as follows: (I) all compounded things are impermanent (anitytlQ sarvasamskarab), (2) all defiled things are suffering (duQkhah sarvastlsrava/:1), (3) all things are selfless (anatmanab sarvadharmal)), and (4) nirvana is peace (santam nirvlll)am).
four main elements (mahabhata). These are: ( 1 ) earth (prthivf), (2) water (ab), (3) fire (teja), and (4) wind (vayu).
four Maras, devils. These are: (1) the addictive (klesamtlra), (2) aggregative (skandha- mara), (3) deadly (mrtyumara), and (4) heavenly devils (devaputramara).
four reliances (pratisara1;1a). To attain higher realizations and final enlightenment, the bodhisattva should rely (I) on the teaching and not on the person (who teaches it); (2) on the meaning (of the teaching) and not on the expression; (3) on discourses of definitive meaning and not on discourses of interpretable meaning; and (4) on gnosis and not on normal consciousness.
four social graces (samgrahavastu). This is a classification of the four ways in which a bodhisattva forms a group of people united by the common aim of practicing the Dharma: (I) giving (dana); (2) pleasant speech (priyavaditli); (3) accomplishment of the aims (of others) by teaching Dharma (arthacarya); and (4) consistency of behavior with the teaching (samanarthata).
four trances (samapatti). ( I ) Nearly disembodied trance states in the spheres of infinite space (aktlSilnantyttyatana), (2) infmite consciousness (vijnananantyayatana), (3) nothing- ness (akimcanyliyatana), and (4) neither consciousness nor unconsciousness (naiva- samjnanaivasamji'iyii atana). In my opinion, these states are the exoteric Buddha's hints about the esoteric schema of the subtle and extremely subtle mind states of the three luminances and the clear light transparence.
four voids (sanya - stong pa). ( 1 ) Void, (2) great void, (3) extreme void, and (4) universal void. The Father Tantras focus more on the four voids and the Mother Tantras on the four joys. See "four joys. "
five branch wind-energies. They are: (1) the upmoving (udvaha), also called dragon, empowering vision; (2) permoving (vivaha), also called tortoise, empowering hearing; (3) commoving (samvaha), also called chameleon, empowering smell; (4) surmoving
Glossary of Numerical Categories ? 63 1 (pravaha). also called devadatta. empowering taste; and (5) ultramoving (nirvaha).
also called dhanujit, empowering touch (discussed above, pp. 226, 236).
five channels. ( I ) "Moon-part," (2) "Luminance," (3) "Reverence," (4) "Hidden crystal,"
and (5) "Liver," through which operate the five branch winds (see p. 236).
five components of the contemplation branch (of the six branches of the perfection stage). ( I ) Examining, (2) analyzing, (3) being joyful. (4) having great bliss of suchness, and (5) actualizing one-pointed mind.
beings.
five corruptions (kastlya). The five corruptions of our "dark" age (kaliyuga), namely. ( I ) the corruptions of life span (tlyub), (2) view (dmi), (3) addictions (klesa), (4) living beings (sattva), and (5) cosmic era (kalpa).
five impediments (nrvara? a). These are five mental impediments that hinder meditation: ( I ) impediments of desire (kamacchanda). (2) malice (vyapada). (3) depression and sloth (styanamiddha), (4) wildness and excitement (auddhatyakaukrtya), and (5) doubt, or perplexity (vicikitsa).
five addictions (kida). The number five here is somewhat arbitrary, as there are "three," "six," and even "twenty" in other texts. In the Tantras, the following five correspond to the five buddha clans: ( 1 ) pride (abhimana -jewel), (2) envy (Tdya - karma). (3) desire
and (5) folly (moho-buddha).
five buddha clans (tathagata-kula). ( I ) Vajra clan of Ak$hobhya, (2) Buddha clan of Vairo- chana, (3) Jewel clan of Ratnasaritbhava, (4) Lotus clan of Amitabha, and (5) Karma clan ofAmoghasiddhi.
five paths (mllrga - lam). These represent the stages of development of any practitioner of Buddhism, who progresses from one to another gradually. They are the paths of: ( I ) accumulation (sam bharamarg4.
(2) application (prayoga-), (3) insight (darsana-), (4) meditation (bhavana-), and (5) mastery (asaikSa-).
five powers (bala). These are the same as the five spiritual faculties. at a further stage of development.
five pure aggregates (dharmaskandha). The five (metaphoric) aggregates of the truth body of a buddha: ( I ) justice (ST/a), (2) concentration (samtldhi), (3) wisdom (prajna), (4) liberation (vimukti), and (5) knowledge and vision of liberation (vimuktijnana- dadana).
five spiritual faculties (indriya). These are called "faculties" (indriya) by analogy, as capacities to be developed: ( 1 ) the spiritual faculties of faith (sraddha). (2) effort (vfrya), (3) mindfulness (smrti), (4) concentration (samadhi), and (5) wisdom (prajna). These are included in the thirty-seven accessories of enlightenment.
(kama - lotus), (4) hatred (dvesa - vajra)
,
five compulsive aggregates (upadanaskandha). These are the aggregates of: ( I ) matter (rilJa ). (2) sensation (l? edana), (3) perception (sam jfu? . (4) creation (sam skar4. and (5) consciousness (vij1iana), which make up the bodymind complex of most living
632 ? Glossary ofNumerical Categories
five perfection stages (paiicani$pannakrama - rdzogs rim lnga). These are counted variously; the most common way is: (l) body isolation, (2) speech isolation, (3) mind isolation, self-consecration, and magic body counted as one, (4) clear enlightenment or clear light, and (5) communion.
five superknowledges (abhijna). These are more often listed as six: (1) divine eye or vision (divyacaksu), (2) divine hearing (divyasrotra), (3) telepathy (paracittajiillna), (4) knowledge of former (and future) lives (parvllpara-nivasanusmrtijiillna), (5) knowl- edge of magical operations (rddhipllda), and (6) knowledge of the termination of defilements (llsravaksayajiiiina). Scholars generally agree that five are obtained by
eliminating knowledge of magical operations from the classification.
five wind-energies. These are: (1) the vitalizing (prll{la - srog 'dzin), (2) evacuating (apllna - thur sel), (3) metabolic (samllna - me mnyam), (4) ascending (udana - gyen gyu), and (5) pervading (vyllna - khyab byed).
five wisdoms (intuitions, gooses - jiillna - ye shes). These are the transmutations of the five poisons of ( I ) hatred, (2) delusion, (3) avarice, (4) lust, and (5) envy into: ( 1 ) ulti- mate reality, (2) mirror, (3) equalizing, (4) individuating, and (5) all-accomplishing wisdoms. Tsong Khapa gives a helpful analysis (p. 196): "[Aryadeva] in the Integrated Practices describes them, after the purification of virtuous and non-virtuous instincts: [respectively,] as ( 1 ) (mirror-like), the simultaneous knowledge of all things as reflec- tions in a mirror; (2) (equalizing), the realization of all beings, of the four types, foot- less etc. , as being of the single aspect "merely mental"; (3) (individuating), the abiding, doubt-free individual discernment of all inner and outer things, knowing that if investi- gated "all have the nature of buddhas," yet distinguishing these "members of the class of all things" as separate, like the petals of a lotus; (4) (all-accomplishing), the full accomplishment of self and other's duties of body, speech, and mind; and (5) (ultimate reality perfection), the deliverance from affliction and evolution, purifying the obscu- rations of body, speech and mind. These descriptions concern the fruitional stage of the intuitive wisdoms. "
six parameters (satkoli - mtha drug). This is a key set of Tantric hermeneutical terms, con- sisting of three pairs of levels of speech: ( 1 -2) literal meaning speech and jargon mean- ing speech; (3-4) direct speech and indirectly intentional speech; and (5-6) interpretable meaning speech and definitive meaning speech. A key point in Tantric hermeneutics is that the same expression can have three or four levels of interpretation by analysis according to these different levels of meaning.
six sense-faculties (indriya). These are: (1) eye, (2) ear, (3) nose, (4) tongue, (5) body, and (6) mind.
six sense-objects (vi$aya). These are: ( 1 ) colors/forms (rapa), (2) sounds (sabda), (3) scents (gandha), (4) tastes (rasa), (5) textures (spr$tavya), and (6) mental sense objects (dharma).
six superknowledges (abhijiill). See "five superknowledges. "
six transcendences (paramitll). These are the main categories of the bodhisattva's activities: ( 1 ) giving (dana), (2) justice (srla), (3) tolerance (ksllnti), (4) effort (vrrya), (5) contemplation (dhyana), and (6) wisdom (prajiill).
Glossary ofNumerical Categories ? 633
six wheels (cakra - 'khor lo). These are neural complexes with lotus petal shaped spokes in the subtle body neural system, their centers strung on the central channel up and down the body, ca1led: ( I ) the secret wheel (genital - 32 petals); (2) the emanation (navel - 64 petals); (3) the dharma (heart - 8 petals); (4) the fire (chest - 3 petals), (5) the beatific (throat - 16 petals); (6) the wind (brow - 6 petals); and (7) the great bliss (brain - 32 petals). This list of seven becomes six by leaving out the secret wheel; sometimes five wheels are listed by leaving out the fire and wind wheels, and some- times four wheels listed by leaving out the secret, fire, and wind wheels. Some Tantras such as the Time Machine, have different arrangements of neural channel wheels.
six yoga branches (yogil(lga). These are: ( I ) retraction (priltyilllilra), (2) contemplation (dhyilna). (3) life-energy control (pril(lilyilma), (4) endurance (dhilranil), (5) mindful- ness (anusmrti), and (6) samadhi branches.
seven factors of enlightenment (bodhya{lga). These are the factors of: ( I ) mindfulness (smrti), (2) discrimination between teachings (dharmapravicaya). (3) effort (vTrya), (4) joy (prrti), (5) fluency (prasrabdhi), (6) concentration (samildhi), and (7) equa- nimity (upe/cytl). These seven form a part of the thirty-seven accessories of enlighten- ment (see entry).
seven natural instincts of the imminence intuition state (upalabdhijiitlnaprakrti - nyer thob ye shes kyi rang bzhin rtog pa). ( 1 ) Medium attachment, (2) forgetfulness, (3) mistaken- ness, (4) reticence, (5) fatigue, (6) laziness, and (7) doubt.
eight branches of the noble path (tlryamtlrga{lga). These are the well-known: ( I ) realistic view (samyagdr? ri), (2) realistic motivation (samyaksamkalpa), (3) realistic speech (samyag vtlk), (4) realistic terminal action (samyakkarmanta), (5) realistic livelihood (samyagtljTva), (6) realistic effort (samyagvyaytlma), (7) realistic remembrance (sam- yaksmrti), and (8) realistic concentration (samyaksamadhi).
nine mergings (*me/ana - bsre ba). The nine mergings are: (1) merging trance with the body of truth, (2) merging waking magic body with the beatific body, (3) merging the waking coarse body with the emanation body, (4) merging sleep with the body of truth, (5) merging dream with the beatific body, (6) merging waking with the emanation body, (7) merging death with the body of truth, (8) merging the between with the beatific body, and (9) merging birth with the emanation body.
ten directions (dasadik). These consist of: (1-8) the eight points of the compass, (9) straight up, and (10) straight down. As a conventional formula, it is tantamount to "all directions. "
ten unskillful acts (sins) (akusala). These are the opposite of the ten skillful acts (virtues), and consist of: ( 1 ) killing, (2) stealing, (3) sexual misconduct, (4) lying, (5) harsh speech, (6) backbiting, (7) frivolous speech, (8) covetousness, (9) malice, and ( 10) false views.
ten stages (bhami). These are the ten stages through which the bodhisattva ascends on his way to buddhahood: (1) the Joyous (pramudittl), (2) the Immaculate (vima/11), (3) the Brilliant (prabhilktlri), (4) the Radiant (arcismati), (5) the Invincible (sudurjayll), (6) the Confronting (abhimukhr), (7) the Far-reaching (durll{lgama), (8) the Immovable (acaltl), (9) the Positive Intelligence (sadhumati), and (10) the Cloud of Dharma (dharmameghtl).
6? ? Gln. uary ofNumerical Catt'Rorie. 'i
? n trans? o. ""Cndenct's (pilramitll). These consist of: ( 1 -6) the six transccndences, with the addition of ( 7) skill in liherative art (llpllyakau. falycl); (H) prayer, or vow (pra? idhana); (9) power (ha/a); and ( 1 2) gnosis intuition Unllna).
ten skillful acts (virtues) (ku,fala). These are the opposite of the ten sins, i. e. , refraining from engaging in activities related to the ten sins and doing the opposite. There are: three physical virtues: ( 1 ) saving lives, (2) giving, and (3) sexual propriety. There are four verbal virtues: (4) truthfulness, (5) reconciling discussions, (6) gentle speech, and (7) religious speech. There are three mental virtues: (8) loving attitude, (9) generous
attitude. and ( 1 0) realistic views.
twelve ascetic practices (dhiitagu? a). These consist of ( 1 ) wearing rags (pam sukt:ilika), (2) (in the form of only) three religious robes (traicivarika), (3) (coarse in texture as) garments of felt (ntlmantika), (4) eating by alms (pair:uJaptltika), (5) having a single mat to sit on (aikilsanika), (6) not eating after noon (khalu pascad bhaktika), (7) living alone in the forest (ara1,1yaka), (8) living at the base of a tree (vrk$amiilika), (9) living in the open (not under a roof) (tlbhyavakilsika), (10) frequenting burning grounds (Indian equivalent of cemeteries) (smtlstlnika), ( I I ) sleeping sitting up (in meditative
posture) (nai$adika), and ( 1 2) accepting whatever seating position is offered (yt1tht1- sam starikq.
twelve light rays. The following passage from the Vajra Rosary (cited above, p. 237) describes these as follows: "Reality of bliss dwelling in the heart-center, light illumi- nating the Buddha-sun, with the form of subject and object-that constitutes the twelve light rays. (1) Light-increase, (2) Light-ray, (3) Refulgent, (4) Clear, (5) Blaze, and (6) Light-blaze-depending on eye and so forth, they hold all outer [objects,] form etc. (7) Light-ray, (8) Light-full ('od ma), (9) Luminant, (10) Clear-beauty, (11) Clear-light, (12) Solar-clear-the aspect of outer forms etc. , these six are also proclaimed as light. "
twelve sense-media (tlyatana). They are: ( l ) eye-medium (caksurayatana), (2) form- medium (rapa- ), (3) ear-medium (srotra- ), (4) sound-medium (sabda- ), (5) nose- medium (ghra? a-), (6) scent medium (gandha-), (7) tongue-medium Uihvii-), (8) taste- medium (rasa-), (9) body-medium (kaya-), (10) texture-medium (sprastavya-), (11)mental-medium (mana-), and (12) mental object medium (dharmayatana). The word tlyatana is usually translated as "base," but the Skt. , Tib. , and Ch. all indicate
"something through which the senses function" rather than a basis from which they function; hence "medium" is preferable.
eighteen elements (dhiti u). These introduce the same six pairs as the twelve sense-media, as elements of experience, adding a third member to each set: the element of consciousness (vijflini a), or sense. Hence the frrst pair gives (13) the triad eye-element (ca/cyurdht1tu), (14) form-element (rt:ipadhiti u), and (15) eye-consciousness-element, or eye-sense-element (caksurvijntlnadhatu), and so on with the other five, noting the last, ( 1 6) mind-element (manodhiitu), (17) mind-object-element (dharmadhiitu), and ( 1 8) mental-consciousness- element (manovijnanadht1tu).
th irty - t w o s i g n s o f th e gr e a t b e i n g ( m a h a p u r u $ a l a k $ a f. l a) . T h e y ar e a s fo l l o w s : ( 1 ) H i s h e a d has a turban-shaped protrusion on the crown; (2) his hair curls to the right; (3) his fore- head is broad and even; (4) he has a white hair between his eyebrows; (5) his eyes are very dark, with lashes like a cow; (6) he has forty teeth; (7) his teeth are even, (8) with- out gaps, and (9) very white; (10) he has a keen sense of taste; (11) he has a lion's jaw;
Glossary ofNumerical Categories ? 635
( 1 2) his tongue is long and slender; ( 1 3) he has an excellent voice; ( 1 4) his shoulders are round and even; ( 15) the back of his body has seven round curves [buttocks, thighs, shoulders, and back] ; ( 1 6) his trunk is thick; ( 1 7) his skin is smooth and golden-hued; ( 1 8) his arms reach his knees when he stands straight up; ( 1 9) his torso is like a lion's; (20) his body has the proportions of a banyan tree (height equal to arm span]; (2 1 ) his bodily hairs curl to the right; (22) they stand straight up; (23) his penis is concealed in a sheath; (24) his thighs are well-rounded; (25) his ankle-bones do not protrude; (26) the palms of his hands and feet are soft and delicate; (27) he has webbed fingers and toes; (28) he has long fingers; (29) he has wheel-signs on the palms of his hands and feet; (30) his feet are well set [upon the ground] ; (3 1 ) his arches are broad and high; (32) and his calves are like an antelope's.
thirty-three instinctual natures of the luminance intuition state (lllokajfillnaprakrti ). These are (l-3) [small], medium, and great dispassions; (4-5) mental internalizing and exter- nalizing; (6-8) [small, medium, and intense] sorrows; (9) peace; (10) mental construc- tion; (11-13) small, medium, and intense fears; (14-16) small, medium, and intense craving; ( 1 7) appropriation; ( 1 8) non-virtue; ( 1 9) hunger; (20) thirst; (2 1-23) [small,] medium, and intense sensation moments; (24) knower; (25) knowable; (26) introspec- tive discernment, conscience; (27) compassion; (28-30) small, medium, and great loves; (31) anxiety; (32) greed; and (33) envy. (Sanskrit from CMP has slight variations from Tsong Khapa's choices, which he mentions: virago madhyamas adhimatra; manogata- gatam ; sokaditritayam tathtJ, saumyam vikalpo bhftas madhyabhrto 'tibhuaka/:1. tr$t;J tl madhyatr$t;J tl atit/1t;J t1, upadanakam nii:! Subham Jut tr$12; vedanii samavedana ati- vedantlk$af) aS; vettrviddhtl ; pratyavek$at;J a lajja karut;Jyam, snehatas trayam; cakitam sam cayas matsarya?
thirty-seven accessories of enlightenment (bodhipakSikadharma). These consist of: ( l -4) the four applications of mindfulness; (5-8) the four realistic efforts; (9- 1 2) the four bases of magical powers; ( 1 3- 1 7) the five spiritual faculties; ( 1 8-22) the five powers; (23-29) the seven factors of enlightenment; and (30-37) the eight branches of the noble path.
forty instinctual natures of the radiance intuition state (abhasajfliinaprakrti ). These are: (l) desire, (2) attachment, (3) pleasure, (4) medium pleasure, (5) intense pleasure, (6) delight, (7) indulgence, (8) amazement. (9) excitement, (10) satisfaction, (II) em- bracing, ( 1 2) kissing, ( 1 3) sucking, ( 1 4) stability, ( 1 5) zeal, ( 1 6) pride, ( 1 7) activity, (18) possessiveness, (19) aggressiveness, (20) enthusiasm, (21-23) small, medium, and great boldness; (24) hostility, (25) charm, (26) resentment, (27) virtue. (28) lucid truth- fulness, (29) untruthfulness, (30) certitude, (3 1 ) non-appropriation, (32) generosity, (33) initiative, (34) heroism, (35) shamelessness, (36) deceitfulness, (37) sharpness
(38) wickedness, (39) ungentleness, and (40) crookedness.
eighty marks (of the great being) (anuvyafijana). These accompany the thirty-two signs and consist of: (l) fingernails the color of brass, (2) shiny and (3) long; (4) round fingers; (5) tapered fingers; (6) fingers wide-spreading; (7) veins not protruding. and (8) without tangles; (9) slender ankles; ( 10) feet not uneven; ( I I ) lion's gait; (12) elephant's gait; (13) swan's gait; (14) hull's gait; (15) gait tending to the right; ( 1 6) graceful gait; ( 1 7) steady gait; ( 1 8) his body is well-covered, ( 1 9) clean, (20) well- proportioned, (21) pure, (22) soft, and (23) perfect; (24) his sex organs are fully developed; (25) his thighs are broad and knees round; (26) his steps are even; (27) his complexion is youthful; (28) his posture is not stooped; (29) his bearing is expansive,
636 ? Glossary ofNumerical Categories
yet (30) extremely poised: (31) his limbs and fingers and toes are well-defined; (32) his vision is clear and unblurred; (33) his joints are not protruding; (34) his belly is relaxed, (35) symmetrical, and (36) not fat; (37) his navel is deep and (38) wound to the right; (39) he is completely handsome; (40) he is clean in all acts; (41) he is free of spots or discolorations of the skin; (42) his hands are soft as cotton; (43) the lines of his palms are clear, (44) deep, and (45) long; (46) his face is not overlong and is (47) bright as a mirror; (48) his tongue is soft, (49) long, and (50) red; (51) his voice is like an elephant's trumpet or like thunder, (52) yet sweet and gentle; (53) his teeth are rounded, (54) sharp, (55) white, (56) even, and (57) regularly arranged; (58) his nose is long and (59) straight; (60) his eyes are clear and wide; (61) his eyelashes are thick; (62) the pupils and white of his eyes are clearly defined, and (63) the irises are like lotus petals; (64) his eyebrows are (65) long, soft, (66) evenly haired, and (67) gently curved; (68) his ears are long-lobed and (69) symmetrical; (70) his hearing is acute; (71) his forehead is high and (72) broad; (73) his head is very large; (74) his hair is as black as a bee, (75) thick, (76) soft, (77) untangled, not (78) unruly, and (79) fragrant;
(80) and his feet and hands are marked with lucky signs.
the one hundred buddha clans, used in body isolation meditation. These charts (on the following six pages) are adapted - with permission and some terminology changes - from those made by Christian Wedemeyer, as appendices to his study and translation of Aryadeva's lAmp that Integrates the Practices, a work that H. H. the Dalai Lama described as the rtsa ba (the "root text") of the present work of Tsong Khapa's, published in this same series. The body isolation homologizes all phenomena of physical and mental perception with specific male and female buddhas, in order to finally-at subtle as well as coarse levels of visualization-isolate one's sense of self- identity from any kind of sense of being ordinary. This state of strict bodymind self- identification as a community of buddhas provides the subtle mandalic platform upon which the yogilni can embark upon the speech isolation vajra recitation practice, safely
and effectively.
Charts of the One Hundred Buddha Clans I. The Five Aggregates (25 clans)
? ? ? ? Matter (Vairochana)
Sensation (Ratnasambhava)
Perception (Amitabha)
Creation
( A m o g h a s i d d h i )
Consciousness (Ak? hobhya)
Alqhobhya
Matter known from personal
experience
Sensations from bile and humor conjunction
Perceptions of bipeds Mental creations Tactile consciousness
Vairochana
Matter - outer, inner, both shapes, long and short
Ambivalent sensations
Perceptions of unmoving beings
Bodily creations Visual consciousness
Ratnasambhava
Matter in the mode of self, other, or both
Sensations born from phlegm and wind
Perceptions of quadrupeds
Creations of the three w o r l d s
Hearing consciousness
Amitabha
Exterior, interior matter of five colors
Pleasurable sensations
Perceptions of the legless
Verbal creations Smell consciousness
Amoghasiddhi
Exterior, interior matter as lights of sun and moon
Painful sensations
Perceptions of the many-legged
Creations for l i be r a t i o n
Taste consciousness
'
Q"? ?
? ". ,
? r
-
?
c. ,
? -
0'1w-. . 1
? II. The Four elements (20 clans) Ak? hobhya
?
Earth element, internal
(Lochanli)
external earth
Water element (Mamaki)
external water
Fire element (Pau4aravasi ni)
external fire Wind element
(Tara) external winds
Tendon! . , flesh. rib\, heart
Uttarakuru
Pond water ? ? -
Waterfalls Head heat
Stone fires Pervading
Zenith wind
Belly heat :. , Forest fires
- - --
Metabolic Northern \\ind
Saliva . . . . . . .
! i '\?
, 'M
? "'"'
? ? -
''"\ :. . , ?
? Secretions, intestinal, bile, heart
Piirvavideha Urine
Ocean water Heart heat
Perpetual fire Vitalizing
Eastern wind
? . :. . :.
Vairochana
Hair, bone, feces, spleen, heart
Mount Meru Phlegm and tears
Ratnasambhava
Body hair, nails, pus, heart
JambudvTpa Sweat
River water Navel heat
Sun-crystal fire Evacuating
Southern wind
Amitabha
Teeth, skin, flesh, heart
GodlinTya Blood
Spring water Limb heat
Wood fires Ascending
Western wind
Amoghasiddhi ? ? . . .
,. .
-?
? -
? """
m. The Five Media (25 clans) Ak? hobhya
Vairochana
Perception of the three fonns
Nature of the ear Nature of the nose
Nature of the tongue
Tactile sense organ (body)
Ratnasambhava
Nature of the pupil of the eye
Perception of the three sounds
S eptum
Root of the tongue
Nature of bones
Amitibha
F onns seen with the peripheral vision
Ear orifice
Perception of the three scents
Tip of the tongue
Nature of flesh
Amoghasiddhi
Movement of the eye Root of the ear Nostrils
Perception of the three tastes
Nature of skin
? ? ? Visual media (K$hitigarbha)
Hearing media (Vajraplil;li)
Smell media (Khagarbha)
Taste media (Lokeshvara)
Touch media (SarvanivaraQa- vi? hkambhin)
Mental sense media (Samantabhadra I Maiijushri)
Grape-sized visual sense organ
Greatly convoluted aural sense
Shalii ka. shaped olfactory sense- organ
Half-moon shaped gustatory sense organ
Perception of the three contacts
? c
I ? I ? Q. ,
tl1::1 -?
?
?
dutkha
sam vrti
sam vrti-satya
abhijiia
adhara
paramananda
Pravaha (vayu)
sa tra, so traka, sa tranta ak! ? ara, lipika, varQa ak! ? ara
cihna
EngUsh
symbol (convention) symbol-seal sympathy
system
systematizer, pioneer taint
Tantra, continuity taste, mood
teacher
teaching
teaching
ten stage lord
ten wind-energies texture
thatness (immanent)
thatness, reality
the naive, the foolish
theologian, dogmatist
theoretical (conscious, intellectual) self-habit
theory, philosophy
thesis
thing
thorough insight
thorough investigation
three conducts, three lifestyles
three consciousnesses three luminances three mandalas
three radiances
three realities three realities three realms
three syllables
Tibetan
brda
mtshan ma'i phyag rgya [thugs) brtse ba
lugs, mam gzhag
srol phye ba
dri ma
rgyud
ro
slob dpon, ston pa
chos
bstan pa, bstan bcos
sa bcu ' i dbang phyug rlung bcu
reg bya
de nyid, de kho na nyid de kho na nyid, de nyid byis pa'i skye bo, byis pa rtog ge pa
kun brtags bdag 'dzin
grub mtha'
dam bca'
dngos po, chos
yongs su shes pa, rtogs pa yongs su \shol ba
spyod pa mam gsum
mam par shes pa gsum snang ba gsum
dkyil 'Ichor gsum snang ba gsum
ngo bo nyid gsum
de nyid gsum
khams gsum, sa 'og dang sa steng dang mtho ris
yi ge gsum
sam keta cihna-mudrl anukampa
naya, vyavasthlna
mala
tantra
rasa
acarya, sastr dharma
de? ana. sastra da? abho mTsvara da? a vayu
spar? &
tattvam
tattva
billa, blili8a
tlirkika parikalpitatmagrahadi
siddhlinta
pratijiili
bhava, padlirlha, dharma parijiilina
parye$t
trividhacaryl
vijiilina-traya
aloka-traya
trimaJ:I(;Iala
libhlisa-traya trisvabhlivam
tri-tattva
tridhlitu, bho rbhuvab;v&Q
ak$ara-traya, tryak$ara
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 621 Sanskrit
622 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
three times three vehicles three voids three worlds tolerance torpor
Traditionalist, Scripturalist transcendence
transcendence vehicle
transcendent
transcendent lord
transcendent reality (suchness)
transcendent renunciation transcendent wisdom
transcendental (opposite of mundane, social)
transformation
transparence, clear light triple realm
triple realm
true existence
true production truth body truth-habit truth-status truth, reality truthlessness
twelve ascetical practices
twelve links of dependent origination
twelve similes of magic two [sexual] organs
Tibetan
dus gsum theg pa gsum stong pa gsum 'jig rten gsum bzod pa gnyid, rmugs mdo sde pa
pha rol tu phyin pa, nges legs
phar phyin theg pa 'jig rten las 'das pa de bzhin gshegs pa
de bzhin nyid
nges par 'byung ba
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa
'jig rten las 'das pa
yongs su log, yongs su gyur pa
'od gsal ba
srid pa gsum khams gsum
bden par yod pa bden par skyes pa chos kyi sku
bden par 'dzin pa
bden par grub pa
bden pa
bden par med pa, bden par rna grub pa
sbyangs pa'i yon tan bcu gnyis
rten 'brei bcu gnyis
sgyu ma' i dpe bcu gnyis dbang po gnyis
Sanskrit
try-adhva, trikala triyana sonya-traya triloka
k? anti
middha
sautrantika paramita, nibSreyasa
paramitayana lokottara tathagata tathata
apavarga, niryilQa prajiUiparamita
lokottara
parilvrtti, pariJJ. ilmana
prabhasvara tri-bhuvanaril traidhatuka *satyasat *satyotpllda dharma-kaya satyadraha satyasiddha tathya, satya asatyasiddha
dvadasa-dhOta-gu1;1a pratnya-dvadasanga
dvadasa-maya-dntanta dvayendriya
English
two realities
ultimacy analytic rational cognition
ultimacy status
ultimacy-analytic rational cognition
ultimate (reality)
ultimate production
ultimate unreality
ultramoving [wind)
unanalyzed existence
unanalyzed social convention
unborn
unconquered
unconscious, instinctual
unconscious, instinctual futile view
unconscious, instinctual, misknowledge
unconscious, instinctual, self-habit
uncontaminated
uncontrived, unfabricated
uncreated
undeducible
unelaborated
unelaborated conduct, unelaborated lifestyle
unerring
unerring suchness unexcelled unification
union
unique vehicle
uniting liliga and bhaga universal (great) seal
Tibetan
bden pa gnyis
don dam dpyod pa'i rigs shes
don dam du grub pa
satyadvaya ? paramllrthavicllrayuktijftana
paramllrthasiddha
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 623 Sanskrit
don dam (mthar thug) dpyod "'paramarthavicllrayukti-jftana pa'i rigs shes
don dam (bden pa)
don dam du skyes pa
don dam ngo bo nyid med pa
nges par rgyu ba
rna brtags par yod pa
rna dpyad (brtags) pa'i 'jig rten gyi tha snyad
skye ba med pa zil gyis mi non pa ! han kyes
'jig Ita ! han skyes
rna rig pa ! han skyes
bdag 'dzin Ihan skyes
zag pa med
rna bcos pa
'dus rna byas pa
brtag tu med pa
spros pa med pa
spros pa med pa'i spyod pa
mi 'chor ba
rna nor ba de bzhin nyid
bla na med pa
gcig sbyor ba
sbyor ba
theg pa gcig pa
bha ga dang linga'i sbyor ba phyag rgya chen po
paramartha (satya) paramll. rthotpllda paramll. rtha nirvll. ha [vayu]
anutpanna anabhibhota sahaja sahajasatkayadf$ti
sahajavidya
sahajatmagraha
aniisrava
akftaka
anabhisaritslqta, asaritslqta apratarkya
ni$prapaiica ni$prapaiica-carya
ak$0l)a avitathatii anuttara eka-yoga
yoga
ekayana bhaga-linga-yoga mahiimudrii
624 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
universal monarch Universal Vehicle universal void universal, generality Universalist unlocated nirvaQa
unmanifest
unobstructed
unproduced
unreal, unreality, non- existent
unreality
unreflective (inquiry, usage)
unshakeable samadhi unspoken, syllableless unstruck [sound] unvirtuous, unskillful unwavering
upmoving [wind] utterance
utterly peaceful vajra
vajra body vajra intuition vajra mentor vajra recitation vajra samadhi
vajra teacher
Vajra Vehicle
vajra word
Vajrayanist
validating cognition validating rational cognition
Tibetan
'khor los sgyur ba theg pa chen po thams cad stong pa spyi
theg pa chen po pa
mi gnas pa'i mya ngan las 'das pa
mi mngon
thogs pa med pa
skye ba med pa
med, med pa, yod rna yin pa, dngos med
dngos med, ngo bo nyid med pa
rang dga ba('i brtag pa, jug pa)
rni gyo ba'i ting nge 'dzin yi ge bral, yi ge rned pa rni shigs pa
rni dge ba
rni gyo [ba]
ldang zhing rgyu ba
brjod pa
rab tu zhi ba
rdo rje
rdo rje Ius
rdo rje'i ye shes
rdo rje slob dpon
rdo rje bzlas pa
rdo rje Ita bu'i ting nge 'dzin
rdo rje slob dpon
rdo rje theg pa
rdo rje'i tshig
rdo rje theg pa [mams] tshad rna
tshad rna? rigs shes
Sanskrit
cakravarti mahayana
sarva-? D nya samanya mahayanika aprati? ftita -nirvaQa
avyak:ta
asaitga anutpada abhava, abhil ta
nib;vabhliva , nibsvabhavata
asphanak:a-samadhi anak:? ara
anahata
ak:uSala
acala
udvaha [vayu] udahara
prasanta
vajra
vajradeha vajra-jiilina vajraguru vajra-japa vajropama-samlidhi
vajrliclirya
vajrayana
vajra-pada
vajrayanika
pramaoa *prlmll,likayuktijiiana
English
vanity
vase
vehicle
Venerable Master
(Nilgll. rjuna) verbal designation verbal formulation
verbal token verbal universal victor
victor lord
view
virtuous and non-virtuous, beautiful and ugly,
skillful and unskillful vision, perception
visualized, imagined
vitality control, life-energy control (branch)
vitality, vitality [air] void, empty
voided, emptied voidness, emptiness vow, prayer
vowels
vowels and consonants waking
water-moon well-known, public wheel of existence
will to enlightenment, spirit of enlightenment
wind-energy (wind) wind-energy reality wisdom
wisdom and art wisdom intuition
Tibetan
gsog
bum pa
bzhon pa
rje btsun. klu sgrub
ming gis gdags pa ming gis brjod pa ngag gi brda
sgra spyi
rgyal ba
rgyal dbang
Ita ba
dge ba dang mi dge ba
snang ba, nye bar dmigs pa brtags, kun brtags pa
srog dang rtsol ba (yan lag)
srog
stong pa
stongs gzhi
stong pa nyid
smon lam
dbyangs
ll li kll li
gnyid rna log pa
chu zla
grags
'khor ba
byang chub kyi sems
rlung
rlung gi de kho na nyid shes rab
shes rab dang thabs shes rab kyi ye shes
tuccha
kalaf. a
vllhana bhallraka- pada
nllmaprajftapti nllmllbhidhllna vak- cchomll S&bdasamanya jina
jinendra dr? ? subhllSubha
darS&na. upalabdhi parikalpita prauayama (auga)
prllJ. la
so nya
yena so nyata, so nyadhara so nyatll
prauidhana
svara
lllikllli
jllgrat udaka-candra prasiddha bhava-cakra bodhicitta
vllta, vllyu, mllruta vayu-tattva
prajiia
prajiiopllya prajiill-jiillna
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 625 Sanskrit
626 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
wisdom transcendence
wisdom-intuition wisdom-intuition initiation
wise expert
withstand analysis, ability to world
world (people) world-mentor
world-realm
worldly
worldly concern
worship, offering
yogi/ni (male or female) yogini
zombiess
Tibetan
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa
shes rab kyi ye shes
shes rab dang ye shes kyi dbang bskur ba
mkhas pa
dpyad bzod pa 'gro ba
'jig rten pa
'gro ba'i bla
'jig rten gyi khams
'jig rten pa
'jig rten pa'i chos
mchod pa mal 'byor pa mal 'byor ma ro langs rna
Sanskrit
prajiillpllramitll
prajiia-jiilina prajiill-jiilinlibhi$eka
paQQita
jagat
loka jagad-guru lokadhiitu laukika loka-dharma piljll
yogi
yogini vetlili
Glossary ofNumerical Categories
two contemplations (dhyana - bsam gtan). These are: ( I ) the dissolvent (rjes gzhig) and (2) holistic (ri/ 'd:. in) contemplations used to reinforce the concentration needed to dissolve the wind-energies into the central channel in the context of the higher stages of the perfection stage.
two obscurations (c'Zvarat? advaya). ( I ) Addictive obscuration (kle? c'Zvarat:w) and (2) objec- tive obscuration (jfleyc'Zvarat? a). The former may be eliminated by arhats and bodhi- sattvas of a certain stage, while the latter is eliminated only at buddhahood.
two selves (c'Ztmc'Zdvaya). ( I ) Subjective, or personal, self (pudga/c'Ztmc'Z) and (2) objective self (dharmc'Ztmc'Z), which are the ultimately non-existent assumed objects we seem to perceive as the essential cores of persons and things.
two selflessnesses (nairc'Ztmyadvaya). ( I ) Subjective or personal selflessness (pudgala- nairc'Ztmya) and (2) objective selflessness (dharmanairc'Ztmyc'Z), both being descriptions of the ultimate reality, which is devoid of the "two kind of selves," the realization of which is called "transcendent wisdom" (prajflaparamiUI).
two stores (put? yajflc'Znasambhtlra). The stores of ( I ) merit and of (2) wisdom; all deeds of bodhisattvas contribute to their accumulation of these two stores, which ultimately culminate in the buddha bodies of matter (rapakaya) and of truth (dharmakaya).
two realities (sometimes "truths") (satyadvaya). ( I ) The superficial reality (samvrtisatya) and (2) the ultimate reality (paramc'Zrthasatya), or the relative truth and the absolute truth, or the conventional reality and the supreme reality.
three bad migrations (durgati). The migrations in: ( I ) hell, (2) the limbo of hungry ghosts, or (3) the animal kingdom.
three bodies of the Buddha (trikiiya). ( I ) The "truth body" (dharmakaya), (2) the "beatific body" (sambhogakiiya), and (3) the "emanation body" (nirmat? akaya). A buddha is no longer an ordinary being, a self-habit-ridden individual caught inside his skin. Bud- dhists have developed a number of ways to express the extraordinary qualities of the experience of enlightenment. The three bodies is one of the most important of these. The ordinary mind at enlightenment expands in an experience of oneness with the infinity of beings and things, which becomes a permanent awareness, called the body of truth or reality. This is the highest fruit of wisdom, a state of virtual omniscience-
nirvana-a perfect, ultimate freedom, and the uttermost fulfillment of all selfish con- cerns. At the same time, the ordinary speech and body do not lose their continua of life. Body and speech are seen by Buddhists as being interactive with others: body reaches out from self-centeredness to touch other persons and things; speech communi- cates the content of mind to others, linking mind to mind. Therefore the continuum of speech expands as a celebration of the mind's attainment of infinite oneness, becoming a consummate and infinite joy experienced as a body of beatitude; a sort of subtle or ethereal body made of the sheer joy at being free of suffering, at having realized the absolute nature of reality. It is as infinite as reality, a subtle radiant omnipresence of a buddha's joy throughout all things. Finally, the continuum of ordinary body expands
627
628 ? Glossary ofNumerical Categories
with enlightenment into an emanation body; a limitless number of individuated mani- festations arises out of the background energy of the beatific body when a buddha spontaneously interacts with ordinary beings who cannot perceive their oneness with the beatific presence in and around them and persist in the misknowing individual theater of suffering and alienation. For the buddhas, infinite mind and speech magically create whatever gross embodiments are appropriate to relate to such beings, liberate them from their suffering, and ultimately inspire them to discover their own enlighten- ment and beatitude. These three buddha bodies are aligned with the ordinary processes of death, between, and life, with sleep, dream, and waking, as well as with mind, speech,
and body.
three concentrations (samadhi). ( 1 ) The heroic meditation (surarh gam4, (2) the illusory
meditation (mayopama), and (3) the adamantine meditation (vajropama).
three conducts (carya - spyod pa). These three are: ( 1 ) the elaborated conduct, (2) the on- elaborated conduct, and (3) the extremely unelaborated conduct. They are special life- styles adopted by the Tantric adept on either the creation stage or the perfection stage level. They were somewhat scandalous by ancient or modern codes of social and sexual behavior, but perhaps less so in the Jess puritanical and aesthetically sophisti- cated urban and court society of ancient India. They are meant to be esoteric, yet throughout Tantric history definitely inspired imitation by people not at all at the level of insight and yogic self-mastery required to pursue such exercises. Thus they gave Tantric adepts a bad name in some quarters. They are part of the "crazy discipline" (unmattavrata - myon pa 'i brtul bzhug) that aims to transform the pride of ordinari- ness of perception and conception into the vivid vision of purified perception of self and others and the environmental world. The elaborated is suitable only for adepts of great wealth and social position - such as kings and the like - in that it involves elabo- rate residences, elegant equipment and dress and musical organizations, and the assem- bling of a cast of actors who are all on the path and are adepts of some level in their own right. The unelaborated is simpler and easier to keep esoteric. The extremely un-
elaborated is very sparse, involved only a couple and a very modest, retreated lifestyle.
three defilements (mala). There is no conclusive evidence as to whether this refers to the taints of the three poisons (see entry) or to the three contaminations (asrava), by desire, etc .
three doors (of evolutionary action) (karmamukha). ( 1 ) Body (kaya), (2) speech (vtlk), and (3) mind (citta).
three doors of liberation (vimoksamukha). (I) Voidness (sanyata), (2) signlessness (animittll), and (3) wishlessness (apra{l ihitll).
three intuitions, intuitive wisdoms, or gooses Unana - ye shes) of the subtle mind. These are: ( 1 ) luminance, (2) radiance, and (3) imminence (tl/oka-abhasa-upalabdhi - snang mched nyer thob) experienced as moonlit, sunlit, and darklit (or evening twilight or midnight darkened) sky spaces, when the wind-energies have dissolved into the central channel and the 80 instinctual natures have subsided. Attainment of these three leads to conscious immersion in the clear light transparence that is the "fourth state," experi- enced as a diamond crystal grey predawn twilight transparence or transparency. This is called the "extremely subtle mind," normally experienced but not noticed at death,
Glossary ofNumerical Categories ? 629 fainting, falling asleep, and orgasm. It is embodied nondually in the extremely subtle
body of the indestructible drop. See "33, 40, 7, and 80 instincts. " teaching).
three realms. See "three worlds. "
three spiritual heroes (sam? a - sems dpa '). These are: ( 1) the devotee hero (samayasattva - dam tshig sems dpa), (2) the wisdom or intuition hero Unanasattva - ye shes sems dpa '), and (3) the samadhi hero (samadhisattva - ting nge 'dzin sems dpa ').
three worlds (tridhatu). ( l ) The desire world (kamadhtitu), (2) the material world, (rapa- dhatu), and (3) the immaterial world (tirOpyadhatu).
four branches of a creation stage performance practice (seva, anusadhana, sadhana, and mahasadhana - bsnyen pa, rjes su sgrub pa, sgrub pa, sgrub pa chen po). These seg- ments of a creation stage contemplative performance may be translated as ( I ) service, (2) practice, (3) performance, and (4) great realization.
four contemplations (dhytina). ( 1 ) The first contemplation is the attainment of the joy and bliss (prrtisukha) arising from solitude and freedom from desires and sins. (2) The second is the attainment of the joy and bliss arising from the cessation of discursive thought. (3) The third is the attainment of equanimity, with mindfulness, awareness, and physical ease, and beyond any feeling of joy. (4) The fourth is the utter purity of awareness of equanimity, without pleasure or pain, elation or depression. These four contemplations combine with the four trances (see entry) and the final state of utter
cessation to form the nine sequential states (anupiirvavihara) leading to the highest liberation. These contemplations also correspond to the four divine bodes (brahma- vihara), which respectively subdivided into three, three, tree, and seven layers of heavens where pure matter realm deities dwell.
f o u r a p p l i c a t i o n s o f m i n d fu l n e s s ( s m rty u p a s t h a n a ) . T h e s e a r e t h e s t a t i o n i n g , o r f o c u s i n g , of mindfulness on: ( l) the body, (2) sensations, (3) the mind, and (4) things. These four are the first four of the thirty-seven accessories of enlightenment (see entry).
four noble truths (tlryasatya). The noble truths of ( 1 ) suffering (dui,J kha), (2) its origin (samudaya), (3) its cessation (nirodha), and (4) the path (mtlrga) to its cessation.
four joys (ananda - dga ba). These are attained by the yogi/ni when s/he injects the neural wind-energies into the central dhoti channel, kindles the furor-fire, and melts the white spirit of enlightenment from the brain wheel down the central channel from wheel to wheel. (I) When it melts from the crown wheel to the throat wheel, there is joy; (2) from the throat wheel to the heart wheel, supreme joy; (3) from the heart wheel to the navel wheel, ecstatic joy; and (4) from the navel wheel to the genital wheel, orgasmic joy. This process can be repeated with even greater intensity going back upward: in reverse order from genital to navel, joy; from navel to heart, supreme joy:
Three Jewels (Triratna). The three precious things in Buddhism: ( I ) the Buddha, (2) the Dhanna (his teaching), and (3) the Sarilgha (the community of practitioners of that
three knowledges (vidya). Three of the six superknowledges (see entry): (I) knowledge of former (and future) lives (p? vanivasana smttijflana ), (2) knowledge of magical operations (tddhi,? idhijifana ), and (3) knowledge of termination of birth and defilement
(utptldasrava-Hayajflana).
6. 10 ? Glo. uary ofNum? rical Cczt? gorie. ?
from heart to throat. ecstatic joy: and from throat to crown. orgasmic joy. Or the four joys "an proc? ? d by going progressiv? ly inward in the heart wheel alone. The various Tantras are full of ways of cultivating the great bliss that realizes ultimate voidness. This process of four joys parallels a set of four voids: brain to throat, void: throat to heart. great void: heart to navel. extreme void; navel to genital, universal void. They can also correspond to the three luminances and clear light.
four immeasurables (apramll{Ja). ( I ) The immeasurable of love: wishing all living beings to have happiness and the cause of happiness. (2) The immeasurable of compassion: wishing all living beings to be free of suffering and the cause of suffering. (3) The immeasurable of gladness: wishing all living beings not to be apart from supreme hap- piness of liberation. (4) The immeasurable of impartiality: being free of affection and aversion. These correspond to the four contemplations and the four divine abodes.
four insignia (or epitomes) of the Dharma (dharmamudra or dharmoddana). The four are as follows: (I) all compounded things are impermanent (anitytlQ sarvasamskarab), (2) all defiled things are suffering (duQkhah sarvastlsrava/:1), (3) all things are selfless (anatmanab sarvadharmal)), and (4) nirvana is peace (santam nirvlll)am).
four main elements (mahabhata). These are: ( 1 ) earth (prthivf), (2) water (ab), (3) fire (teja), and (4) wind (vayu).
four Maras, devils. These are: (1) the addictive (klesamtlra), (2) aggregative (skandha- mara), (3) deadly (mrtyumara), and (4) heavenly devils (devaputramara).
four reliances (pratisara1;1a). To attain higher realizations and final enlightenment, the bodhisattva should rely (I) on the teaching and not on the person (who teaches it); (2) on the meaning (of the teaching) and not on the expression; (3) on discourses of definitive meaning and not on discourses of interpretable meaning; and (4) on gnosis and not on normal consciousness.
four social graces (samgrahavastu). This is a classification of the four ways in which a bodhisattva forms a group of people united by the common aim of practicing the Dharma: (I) giving (dana); (2) pleasant speech (priyavaditli); (3) accomplishment of the aims (of others) by teaching Dharma (arthacarya); and (4) consistency of behavior with the teaching (samanarthata).
four trances (samapatti). ( I ) Nearly disembodied trance states in the spheres of infinite space (aktlSilnantyttyatana), (2) infmite consciousness (vijnananantyayatana), (3) nothing- ness (akimcanyliyatana), and (4) neither consciousness nor unconsciousness (naiva- samjnanaivasamji'iyii atana). In my opinion, these states are the exoteric Buddha's hints about the esoteric schema of the subtle and extremely subtle mind states of the three luminances and the clear light transparence.
four voids (sanya - stong pa). ( 1 ) Void, (2) great void, (3) extreme void, and (4) universal void. The Father Tantras focus more on the four voids and the Mother Tantras on the four joys. See "four joys. "
five branch wind-energies. They are: (1) the upmoving (udvaha), also called dragon, empowering vision; (2) permoving (vivaha), also called tortoise, empowering hearing; (3) commoving (samvaha), also called chameleon, empowering smell; (4) surmoving
Glossary of Numerical Categories ? 63 1 (pravaha). also called devadatta. empowering taste; and (5) ultramoving (nirvaha).
also called dhanujit, empowering touch (discussed above, pp. 226, 236).
five channels. ( I ) "Moon-part," (2) "Luminance," (3) "Reverence," (4) "Hidden crystal,"
and (5) "Liver," through which operate the five branch winds (see p. 236).
five components of the contemplation branch (of the six branches of the perfection stage). ( I ) Examining, (2) analyzing, (3) being joyful. (4) having great bliss of suchness, and (5) actualizing one-pointed mind.
beings.
five corruptions (kastlya). The five corruptions of our "dark" age (kaliyuga), namely. ( I ) the corruptions of life span (tlyub), (2) view (dmi), (3) addictions (klesa), (4) living beings (sattva), and (5) cosmic era (kalpa).
five impediments (nrvara? a). These are five mental impediments that hinder meditation: ( I ) impediments of desire (kamacchanda). (2) malice (vyapada). (3) depression and sloth (styanamiddha), (4) wildness and excitement (auddhatyakaukrtya), and (5) doubt, or perplexity (vicikitsa).
five addictions (kida). The number five here is somewhat arbitrary, as there are "three," "six," and even "twenty" in other texts. In the Tantras, the following five correspond to the five buddha clans: ( 1 ) pride (abhimana -jewel), (2) envy (Tdya - karma). (3) desire
and (5) folly (moho-buddha).
five buddha clans (tathagata-kula). ( I ) Vajra clan of Ak$hobhya, (2) Buddha clan of Vairo- chana, (3) Jewel clan of Ratnasaritbhava, (4) Lotus clan of Amitabha, and (5) Karma clan ofAmoghasiddhi.
five paths (mllrga - lam). These represent the stages of development of any practitioner of Buddhism, who progresses from one to another gradually. They are the paths of: ( I ) accumulation (sam bharamarg4.
(2) application (prayoga-), (3) insight (darsana-), (4) meditation (bhavana-), and (5) mastery (asaikSa-).
five powers (bala). These are the same as the five spiritual faculties. at a further stage of development.
five pure aggregates (dharmaskandha). The five (metaphoric) aggregates of the truth body of a buddha: ( I ) justice (ST/a), (2) concentration (samtldhi), (3) wisdom (prajna), (4) liberation (vimukti), and (5) knowledge and vision of liberation (vimuktijnana- dadana).
five spiritual faculties (indriya). These are called "faculties" (indriya) by analogy, as capacities to be developed: ( 1 ) the spiritual faculties of faith (sraddha). (2) effort (vfrya), (3) mindfulness (smrti), (4) concentration (samadhi), and (5) wisdom (prajna). These are included in the thirty-seven accessories of enlightenment.
(kama - lotus), (4) hatred (dvesa - vajra)
,
five compulsive aggregates (upadanaskandha). These are the aggregates of: ( I ) matter (rilJa ). (2) sensation (l? edana), (3) perception (sam jfu? . (4) creation (sam skar4. and (5) consciousness (vij1iana), which make up the bodymind complex of most living
632 ? Glossary ofNumerical Categories
five perfection stages (paiicani$pannakrama - rdzogs rim lnga). These are counted variously; the most common way is: (l) body isolation, (2) speech isolation, (3) mind isolation, self-consecration, and magic body counted as one, (4) clear enlightenment or clear light, and (5) communion.
five superknowledges (abhijna). These are more often listed as six: (1) divine eye or vision (divyacaksu), (2) divine hearing (divyasrotra), (3) telepathy (paracittajiillna), (4) knowledge of former (and future) lives (parvllpara-nivasanusmrtijiillna), (5) knowl- edge of magical operations (rddhipllda), and (6) knowledge of the termination of defilements (llsravaksayajiiiina). Scholars generally agree that five are obtained by
eliminating knowledge of magical operations from the classification.
five wind-energies. These are: (1) the vitalizing (prll{la - srog 'dzin), (2) evacuating (apllna - thur sel), (3) metabolic (samllna - me mnyam), (4) ascending (udana - gyen gyu), and (5) pervading (vyllna - khyab byed).
five wisdoms (intuitions, gooses - jiillna - ye shes). These are the transmutations of the five poisons of ( I ) hatred, (2) delusion, (3) avarice, (4) lust, and (5) envy into: ( 1 ) ulti- mate reality, (2) mirror, (3) equalizing, (4) individuating, and (5) all-accomplishing wisdoms. Tsong Khapa gives a helpful analysis (p. 196): "[Aryadeva] in the Integrated Practices describes them, after the purification of virtuous and non-virtuous instincts: [respectively,] as ( 1 ) (mirror-like), the simultaneous knowledge of all things as reflec- tions in a mirror; (2) (equalizing), the realization of all beings, of the four types, foot- less etc. , as being of the single aspect "merely mental"; (3) (individuating), the abiding, doubt-free individual discernment of all inner and outer things, knowing that if investi- gated "all have the nature of buddhas," yet distinguishing these "members of the class of all things" as separate, like the petals of a lotus; (4) (all-accomplishing), the full accomplishment of self and other's duties of body, speech, and mind; and (5) (ultimate reality perfection), the deliverance from affliction and evolution, purifying the obscu- rations of body, speech and mind. These descriptions concern the fruitional stage of the intuitive wisdoms. "
six parameters (satkoli - mtha drug). This is a key set of Tantric hermeneutical terms, con- sisting of three pairs of levels of speech: ( 1 -2) literal meaning speech and jargon mean- ing speech; (3-4) direct speech and indirectly intentional speech; and (5-6) interpretable meaning speech and definitive meaning speech. A key point in Tantric hermeneutics is that the same expression can have three or four levels of interpretation by analysis according to these different levels of meaning.
six sense-faculties (indriya). These are: (1) eye, (2) ear, (3) nose, (4) tongue, (5) body, and (6) mind.
six sense-objects (vi$aya). These are: ( 1 ) colors/forms (rapa), (2) sounds (sabda), (3) scents (gandha), (4) tastes (rasa), (5) textures (spr$tavya), and (6) mental sense objects (dharma).
six superknowledges (abhijiill). See "five superknowledges. "
six transcendences (paramitll). These are the main categories of the bodhisattva's activities: ( 1 ) giving (dana), (2) justice (srla), (3) tolerance (ksllnti), (4) effort (vrrya), (5) contemplation (dhyana), and (6) wisdom (prajiill).
Glossary ofNumerical Categories ? 633
six wheels (cakra - 'khor lo). These are neural complexes with lotus petal shaped spokes in the subtle body neural system, their centers strung on the central channel up and down the body, ca1led: ( I ) the secret wheel (genital - 32 petals); (2) the emanation (navel - 64 petals); (3) the dharma (heart - 8 petals); (4) the fire (chest - 3 petals), (5) the beatific (throat - 16 petals); (6) the wind (brow - 6 petals); and (7) the great bliss (brain - 32 petals). This list of seven becomes six by leaving out the secret wheel; sometimes five wheels are listed by leaving out the fire and wind wheels, and some- times four wheels listed by leaving out the secret, fire, and wind wheels. Some Tantras such as the Time Machine, have different arrangements of neural channel wheels.
six yoga branches (yogil(lga). These are: ( I ) retraction (priltyilllilra), (2) contemplation (dhyilna). (3) life-energy control (pril(lilyilma), (4) endurance (dhilranil), (5) mindful- ness (anusmrti), and (6) samadhi branches.
seven factors of enlightenment (bodhya{lga). These are the factors of: ( I ) mindfulness (smrti), (2) discrimination between teachings (dharmapravicaya). (3) effort (vTrya), (4) joy (prrti), (5) fluency (prasrabdhi), (6) concentration (samildhi), and (7) equa- nimity (upe/cytl). These seven form a part of the thirty-seven accessories of enlighten- ment (see entry).
seven natural instincts of the imminence intuition state (upalabdhijiitlnaprakrti - nyer thob ye shes kyi rang bzhin rtog pa). ( 1 ) Medium attachment, (2) forgetfulness, (3) mistaken- ness, (4) reticence, (5) fatigue, (6) laziness, and (7) doubt.
eight branches of the noble path (tlryamtlrga{lga). These are the well-known: ( I ) realistic view (samyagdr? ri), (2) realistic motivation (samyaksamkalpa), (3) realistic speech (samyag vtlk), (4) realistic terminal action (samyakkarmanta), (5) realistic livelihood (samyagtljTva), (6) realistic effort (samyagvyaytlma), (7) realistic remembrance (sam- yaksmrti), and (8) realistic concentration (samyaksamadhi).
nine mergings (*me/ana - bsre ba). The nine mergings are: (1) merging trance with the body of truth, (2) merging waking magic body with the beatific body, (3) merging the waking coarse body with the emanation body, (4) merging sleep with the body of truth, (5) merging dream with the beatific body, (6) merging waking with the emanation body, (7) merging death with the body of truth, (8) merging the between with the beatific body, and (9) merging birth with the emanation body.
ten directions (dasadik). These consist of: (1-8) the eight points of the compass, (9) straight up, and (10) straight down. As a conventional formula, it is tantamount to "all directions. "
ten unskillful acts (sins) (akusala). These are the opposite of the ten skillful acts (virtues), and consist of: ( 1 ) killing, (2) stealing, (3) sexual misconduct, (4) lying, (5) harsh speech, (6) backbiting, (7) frivolous speech, (8) covetousness, (9) malice, and ( 10) false views.
ten stages (bhami). These are the ten stages through which the bodhisattva ascends on his way to buddhahood: (1) the Joyous (pramudittl), (2) the Immaculate (vima/11), (3) the Brilliant (prabhilktlri), (4) the Radiant (arcismati), (5) the Invincible (sudurjayll), (6) the Confronting (abhimukhr), (7) the Far-reaching (durll{lgama), (8) the Immovable (acaltl), (9) the Positive Intelligence (sadhumati), and (10) the Cloud of Dharma (dharmameghtl).
6? ? Gln. uary ofNumerical Catt'Rorie. 'i
? n trans? o. ""Cndenct's (pilramitll). These consist of: ( 1 -6) the six transccndences, with the addition of ( 7) skill in liherative art (llpllyakau. falycl); (H) prayer, or vow (pra? idhana); (9) power (ha/a); and ( 1 2) gnosis intuition Unllna).
ten skillful acts (virtues) (ku,fala). These are the opposite of the ten sins, i. e. , refraining from engaging in activities related to the ten sins and doing the opposite. There are: three physical virtues: ( 1 ) saving lives, (2) giving, and (3) sexual propriety. There are four verbal virtues: (4) truthfulness, (5) reconciling discussions, (6) gentle speech, and (7) religious speech. There are three mental virtues: (8) loving attitude, (9) generous
attitude. and ( 1 0) realistic views.
twelve ascetic practices (dhiitagu? a). These consist of ( 1 ) wearing rags (pam sukt:ilika), (2) (in the form of only) three religious robes (traicivarika), (3) (coarse in texture as) garments of felt (ntlmantika), (4) eating by alms (pair:uJaptltika), (5) having a single mat to sit on (aikilsanika), (6) not eating after noon (khalu pascad bhaktika), (7) living alone in the forest (ara1,1yaka), (8) living at the base of a tree (vrk$amiilika), (9) living in the open (not under a roof) (tlbhyavakilsika), (10) frequenting burning grounds (Indian equivalent of cemeteries) (smtlstlnika), ( I I ) sleeping sitting up (in meditative
posture) (nai$adika), and ( 1 2) accepting whatever seating position is offered (yt1tht1- sam starikq.
twelve light rays. The following passage from the Vajra Rosary (cited above, p. 237) describes these as follows: "Reality of bliss dwelling in the heart-center, light illumi- nating the Buddha-sun, with the form of subject and object-that constitutes the twelve light rays. (1) Light-increase, (2) Light-ray, (3) Refulgent, (4) Clear, (5) Blaze, and (6) Light-blaze-depending on eye and so forth, they hold all outer [objects,] form etc. (7) Light-ray, (8) Light-full ('od ma), (9) Luminant, (10) Clear-beauty, (11) Clear-light, (12) Solar-clear-the aspect of outer forms etc. , these six are also proclaimed as light. "
twelve sense-media (tlyatana). They are: ( l ) eye-medium (caksurayatana), (2) form- medium (rapa- ), (3) ear-medium (srotra- ), (4) sound-medium (sabda- ), (5) nose- medium (ghra? a-), (6) scent medium (gandha-), (7) tongue-medium Uihvii-), (8) taste- medium (rasa-), (9) body-medium (kaya-), (10) texture-medium (sprastavya-), (11)mental-medium (mana-), and (12) mental object medium (dharmayatana). The word tlyatana is usually translated as "base," but the Skt. , Tib. , and Ch. all indicate
"something through which the senses function" rather than a basis from which they function; hence "medium" is preferable.
eighteen elements (dhiti u). These introduce the same six pairs as the twelve sense-media, as elements of experience, adding a third member to each set: the element of consciousness (vijflini a), or sense. Hence the frrst pair gives (13) the triad eye-element (ca/cyurdht1tu), (14) form-element (rt:ipadhiti u), and (15) eye-consciousness-element, or eye-sense-element (caksurvijntlnadhatu), and so on with the other five, noting the last, ( 1 6) mind-element (manodhiitu), (17) mind-object-element (dharmadhiitu), and ( 1 8) mental-consciousness- element (manovijnanadht1tu).
th irty - t w o s i g n s o f th e gr e a t b e i n g ( m a h a p u r u $ a l a k $ a f. l a) . T h e y ar e a s fo l l o w s : ( 1 ) H i s h e a d has a turban-shaped protrusion on the crown; (2) his hair curls to the right; (3) his fore- head is broad and even; (4) he has a white hair between his eyebrows; (5) his eyes are very dark, with lashes like a cow; (6) he has forty teeth; (7) his teeth are even, (8) with- out gaps, and (9) very white; (10) he has a keen sense of taste; (11) he has a lion's jaw;
Glossary ofNumerical Categories ? 635
( 1 2) his tongue is long and slender; ( 1 3) he has an excellent voice; ( 1 4) his shoulders are round and even; ( 15) the back of his body has seven round curves [buttocks, thighs, shoulders, and back] ; ( 1 6) his trunk is thick; ( 1 7) his skin is smooth and golden-hued; ( 1 8) his arms reach his knees when he stands straight up; ( 1 9) his torso is like a lion's; (20) his body has the proportions of a banyan tree (height equal to arm span]; (2 1 ) his bodily hairs curl to the right; (22) they stand straight up; (23) his penis is concealed in a sheath; (24) his thighs are well-rounded; (25) his ankle-bones do not protrude; (26) the palms of his hands and feet are soft and delicate; (27) he has webbed fingers and toes; (28) he has long fingers; (29) he has wheel-signs on the palms of his hands and feet; (30) his feet are well set [upon the ground] ; (3 1 ) his arches are broad and high; (32) and his calves are like an antelope's.
thirty-three instinctual natures of the luminance intuition state (lllokajfillnaprakrti ). These are (l-3) [small], medium, and great dispassions; (4-5) mental internalizing and exter- nalizing; (6-8) [small, medium, and intense] sorrows; (9) peace; (10) mental construc- tion; (11-13) small, medium, and intense fears; (14-16) small, medium, and intense craving; ( 1 7) appropriation; ( 1 8) non-virtue; ( 1 9) hunger; (20) thirst; (2 1-23) [small,] medium, and intense sensation moments; (24) knower; (25) knowable; (26) introspec- tive discernment, conscience; (27) compassion; (28-30) small, medium, and great loves; (31) anxiety; (32) greed; and (33) envy. (Sanskrit from CMP has slight variations from Tsong Khapa's choices, which he mentions: virago madhyamas adhimatra; manogata- gatam ; sokaditritayam tathtJ, saumyam vikalpo bhftas madhyabhrto 'tibhuaka/:1. tr$t;J tl madhyatr$t;J tl atit/1t;J t1, upadanakam nii:! Subham Jut tr$12; vedanii samavedana ati- vedantlk$af) aS; vettrviddhtl ; pratyavek$at;J a lajja karut;Jyam, snehatas trayam; cakitam sam cayas matsarya?
thirty-seven accessories of enlightenment (bodhipakSikadharma). These consist of: ( l -4) the four applications of mindfulness; (5-8) the four realistic efforts; (9- 1 2) the four bases of magical powers; ( 1 3- 1 7) the five spiritual faculties; ( 1 8-22) the five powers; (23-29) the seven factors of enlightenment; and (30-37) the eight branches of the noble path.
forty instinctual natures of the radiance intuition state (abhasajfliinaprakrti ). These are: (l) desire, (2) attachment, (3) pleasure, (4) medium pleasure, (5) intense pleasure, (6) delight, (7) indulgence, (8) amazement. (9) excitement, (10) satisfaction, (II) em- bracing, ( 1 2) kissing, ( 1 3) sucking, ( 1 4) stability, ( 1 5) zeal, ( 1 6) pride, ( 1 7) activity, (18) possessiveness, (19) aggressiveness, (20) enthusiasm, (21-23) small, medium, and great boldness; (24) hostility, (25) charm, (26) resentment, (27) virtue. (28) lucid truth- fulness, (29) untruthfulness, (30) certitude, (3 1 ) non-appropriation, (32) generosity, (33) initiative, (34) heroism, (35) shamelessness, (36) deceitfulness, (37) sharpness
(38) wickedness, (39) ungentleness, and (40) crookedness.
eighty marks (of the great being) (anuvyafijana). These accompany the thirty-two signs and consist of: (l) fingernails the color of brass, (2) shiny and (3) long; (4) round fingers; (5) tapered fingers; (6) fingers wide-spreading; (7) veins not protruding. and (8) without tangles; (9) slender ankles; ( 10) feet not uneven; ( I I ) lion's gait; (12) elephant's gait; (13) swan's gait; (14) hull's gait; (15) gait tending to the right; ( 1 6) graceful gait; ( 1 7) steady gait; ( 1 8) his body is well-covered, ( 1 9) clean, (20) well- proportioned, (21) pure, (22) soft, and (23) perfect; (24) his sex organs are fully developed; (25) his thighs are broad and knees round; (26) his steps are even; (27) his complexion is youthful; (28) his posture is not stooped; (29) his bearing is expansive,
636 ? Glossary ofNumerical Categories
yet (30) extremely poised: (31) his limbs and fingers and toes are well-defined; (32) his vision is clear and unblurred; (33) his joints are not protruding; (34) his belly is relaxed, (35) symmetrical, and (36) not fat; (37) his navel is deep and (38) wound to the right; (39) he is completely handsome; (40) he is clean in all acts; (41) he is free of spots or discolorations of the skin; (42) his hands are soft as cotton; (43) the lines of his palms are clear, (44) deep, and (45) long; (46) his face is not overlong and is (47) bright as a mirror; (48) his tongue is soft, (49) long, and (50) red; (51) his voice is like an elephant's trumpet or like thunder, (52) yet sweet and gentle; (53) his teeth are rounded, (54) sharp, (55) white, (56) even, and (57) regularly arranged; (58) his nose is long and (59) straight; (60) his eyes are clear and wide; (61) his eyelashes are thick; (62) the pupils and white of his eyes are clearly defined, and (63) the irises are like lotus petals; (64) his eyebrows are (65) long, soft, (66) evenly haired, and (67) gently curved; (68) his ears are long-lobed and (69) symmetrical; (70) his hearing is acute; (71) his forehead is high and (72) broad; (73) his head is very large; (74) his hair is as black as a bee, (75) thick, (76) soft, (77) untangled, not (78) unruly, and (79) fragrant;
(80) and his feet and hands are marked with lucky signs.
the one hundred buddha clans, used in body isolation meditation. These charts (on the following six pages) are adapted - with permission and some terminology changes - from those made by Christian Wedemeyer, as appendices to his study and translation of Aryadeva's lAmp that Integrates the Practices, a work that H. H. the Dalai Lama described as the rtsa ba (the "root text") of the present work of Tsong Khapa's, published in this same series. The body isolation homologizes all phenomena of physical and mental perception with specific male and female buddhas, in order to finally-at subtle as well as coarse levels of visualization-isolate one's sense of self- identity from any kind of sense of being ordinary. This state of strict bodymind self- identification as a community of buddhas provides the subtle mandalic platform upon which the yogilni can embark upon the speech isolation vajra recitation practice, safely
and effectively.
Charts of the One Hundred Buddha Clans I. The Five Aggregates (25 clans)
? ? ? ? Matter (Vairochana)
Sensation (Ratnasambhava)
Perception (Amitabha)
Creation
( A m o g h a s i d d h i )
Consciousness (Ak? hobhya)
Alqhobhya
Matter known from personal
experience
Sensations from bile and humor conjunction
Perceptions of bipeds Mental creations Tactile consciousness
Vairochana
Matter - outer, inner, both shapes, long and short
Ambivalent sensations
Perceptions of unmoving beings
Bodily creations Visual consciousness
Ratnasambhava
Matter in the mode of self, other, or both
Sensations born from phlegm and wind
Perceptions of quadrupeds
Creations of the three w o r l d s
Hearing consciousness
Amitabha
Exterior, interior matter of five colors
Pleasurable sensations
Perceptions of the legless
Verbal creations Smell consciousness
Amoghasiddhi
Exterior, interior matter as lights of sun and moon
Painful sensations
Perceptions of the many-legged
Creations for l i be r a t i o n
Taste consciousness
'
Q"? ?
? ". ,
? r
-
?
c. ,
? -
0'1w-. . 1
? II. The Four elements (20 clans) Ak? hobhya
?
Earth element, internal
(Lochanli)
external earth
Water element (Mamaki)
external water
Fire element (Pau4aravasi ni)
external fire Wind element
(Tara) external winds
Tendon! . , flesh. rib\, heart
Uttarakuru
Pond water ? ? -
Waterfalls Head heat
Stone fires Pervading
Zenith wind
Belly heat :. , Forest fires
- - --
Metabolic Northern \\ind
Saliva . . . . . . .
! i '\?
, 'M
? "'"'
? ? -
''"\ :. . , ?
? Secretions, intestinal, bile, heart
Piirvavideha Urine
Ocean water Heart heat
Perpetual fire Vitalizing
Eastern wind
? . :. . :.
Vairochana
Hair, bone, feces, spleen, heart
Mount Meru Phlegm and tears
Ratnasambhava
Body hair, nails, pus, heart
JambudvTpa Sweat
River water Navel heat
Sun-crystal fire Evacuating
Southern wind
Amitabha
Teeth, skin, flesh, heart
GodlinTya Blood
Spring water Limb heat
Wood fires Ascending
Western wind
Amoghasiddhi ? ? . . .
,. .
-?
? -
? """
m. The Five Media (25 clans) Ak? hobhya
Vairochana
Perception of the three fonns
Nature of the ear Nature of the nose
Nature of the tongue
Tactile sense organ (body)
Ratnasambhava
Nature of the pupil of the eye
Perception of the three sounds
S eptum
Root of the tongue
Nature of bones
Amitibha
F onns seen with the peripheral vision
Ear orifice
Perception of the three scents
Tip of the tongue
Nature of flesh
Amoghasiddhi
Movement of the eye Root of the ear Nostrils
Perception of the three tastes
Nature of skin
? ? ? Visual media (K$hitigarbha)
Hearing media (Vajraplil;li)
Smell media (Khagarbha)
Taste media (Lokeshvara)
Touch media (SarvanivaraQa- vi? hkambhin)
Mental sense media (Samantabhadra I Maiijushri)
Grape-sized visual sense organ
Greatly convoluted aural sense
Shalii ka. shaped olfactory sense- organ
Half-moon shaped gustatory sense organ
Perception of the three contacts
? c
I ? I ? Q. ,
tl1::1 -?
?
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