),
knowledge of philosophy and rhetorical talents.
knowledge of philosophy and rhetorical talents.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
C.
173, obtained Daub and Creuzer's Studien, vol.
vi.
p.
293; Ulrici,
the province of Further Spain, which he plundered Gesch. d. Hellen. Dichtk. vol. ii. p. 324. ) [P. S. )
and oppressed. On his return to Rome he was MATTHAEUS, CANTACUZE'NUS (Mat.
accused by the provincials and went into exile at Baios ó Kartakovshvos), co-emperor of Constan-
Tibur. (Liv. xli. 28, xlii. 1, xliii. 2. )
tinople, was the eldest son of John VI. , who
P. MATI'NIUS, was a Roman money-broker associated him in the supreme government in 1359,
who was strongly recommended by M. Brutus with a view of thwarting the schemes of John
to Cicero, when proconsul of Cilicia, in B. c. 51. Palaeologus, who, although then an exile in Tene
The citizens of Salamis in Cyprus, were debtors | dos, enjoyed great popularity, and had a fair pro-
## p. 974 (#990) ############################################
974
MATTHAEUS.
MATUTA.
was
a
MAU
ped her as a marine
5. Fac, vi 551, k1
Tual
. i. 12) A ser
Matuta at Rome br kis
by the dictator, Camii
(Lit. s. 19, 23. IIT.
tion of a temple of Me
LITT (vi. 33, rii, 27,
MAVORS (MA
MAVURTIUS.
ir the Latin Antholo
It is a cento from the
si abrupės at the es
believed to be the
perties, who was o
according to Bentley
in their present fc
recent critic, whose
intestigation, to be
panicus pieces
ats (Burnia
232, ed. Meyer;
bang, Praef. ad
MAURICIAT
who wore, accord
books, Ad Lega
37.
spect of seizing the throne. Both John and Italy, and was present at the councils of Fermra and
Matthaeus, however, were unable to prevent John Florence ; and if we can trust Phranza (iii. 19), he
Palaeologus from taking Constantinople in the became, after the fall of the Greek capital, patriarch
month of January, 1355, an event which put an of Constantinople, under the name of Gennadius,
end at once to the reign of the father and the son, but finally abdicated and retired into a convent.
who both abdicated and retired into a convent. (Fabr. Bill. Graec. vol. vi. p. 118, vol. xii. p. 107;
[JOANNES VI. ) Matthaeus, who died before his Cave, Hist. Liter. Append. p. 110, ed. Geneva. )
father, or towards the end of the 14th century, 4. CAMARIOTA, a contemporary of the former,
was married to Irene Palaeologina, by whom he wrote: 1. “Synopsis Rhetorica," ed. Gr. et Lat.
had six children. (See CantACUZENUS, genealo- D. Hoeschelius, Augsburg, 1595, 4to. : this work
gical table. ] Matthaeus Cantacuzenus
seems rather to be the production of the foregoing
learned man, and during his protracted residence Camarioca. 2. “Orationes de Sacro Officio Pas-
in one of the convents of Mount Athos wrote dif- torali. ” 3. “Tres Canones lambici s. Hymni. ”
ferent works, mostly commentaries on the Holy 4. “Canon Iambicus de Christo atque ejus Cruce;”
Scriptures, of which several are extant in MS, and others extant in MS. (Cave, Hist. Lins
and one of which has been published, viz. —“Com- Append. p. 110. )
mentarii in Cantica Canticorum,” ed. Vincentius 5. EPISCOPUS (Ioniae et Asiatidis Terrae Epis-
Richardus, 1624, fol. ; he was perhaps also the au- copus), a Byzantine bishop of uncertain age, wrotu
thor of " Commentarius in Sapientiam Salomonis," “ Epistola ad Magnum Magnae Ecclesiae Constan-
extant in MS. (Cave Hist. Lit. , Append. p. tinop. Chartophylacem,” which begins poivovtos
[W. P. ] Tîs rólews élovtos, and is extant in MS. (Cave.
MATTHAEUS (Marttalos), literary and ec- Hist. Lit. Append. p. 175. )
clesiastical. 1. ANGELUS, surnamed PANARETUS 6. HIEROMONACHUS, seems to be the same
("Argenos ó Tavapétos), was a Byzantine monk, person as Matthaeus Blastares. [BLASTARES. )
who held the office of ecclesiastical quaestor, but 7. PANARETUS. (See No. 1. ]
whose time is very uncertain. Care, however, 8. PATRIARCHA, was removed from the episco-
thinks him to be identical with the monk Panaretus pal see of Cyzicus to the patriarchate of Constanti-
Protovestiarius, mentioned by Pachymeres (v. 17, nople ; abdicated in 1395, and died in 1408. He
21), and who was one of the ecclesiastical ambas- wrote several treatises on religious subjects, of
sadors, whom the emperor Michael VIII. Palaeo- which are extant in MS. : “ Testamentum, sire
logus sent in 1273 (74) to pope Gregory X. and Ultima Voluntas ; " " Hypotyposis sive Informatio
the Council of Lyon, for the purpose of effecting a ad seipsum et ad Episcopos sibi subjectos. ” If
re-union of the Latin and Greek churches. Mat- he wrote this in 1398, as is presumed, he seems to
thaeus wrote: 1. “ Antithesis contra Thomam have abdicated after that year, and not as early as
Aquinatem de Processione Spiritus Sancti. ” 2. 1395. (Cave, Hist. Liter. Append. p. 54, ed.
Against the same a treatise on the purgatory, en- Geneva ; Oudin, Comment. de SS. Eccles. vol. iii.
titled Πώς εστίν ο ένδικός τόπος ένθα αι ψυχαι p. 2209, &c. , ad an. 1400. )
[W. P. ]
Kalaipovtal aplv, &c. 3. “Dissertatio contra La- MATUʻRUS, MA'RIUS, was procurator of
tinos de Primatu Papae,” 4. “ Refutatio Sex Capi- the maritime Alps in the war between Otho and
tum a Latinis editorum in Defensionem Proces- | Vitellius, A. D. 69, and enlisted on the side of the
sionis Spiritus Sancti ex Patre et Filio. " 5. latter the mountaineers of his district. After
“ Demonstratio in quot Absurditates Latini inci. Otho's death Maturus retained his post and was
dent dum Spiritum Sanctum etiam a Filio pro- for some time faithful to Vitellius. But as he was
cedere asserunt. ” 6. “Dissert. de aliis XXII. La- nearly surrounded by the enemy in Narbonne and
tinorum Erroribus. ” 7. “ Dissert. contra Latinos Cisalpine Gaul, and could not rely on the valour
de Azymis. " These works are extant in MSS. or fidelity of his Alpine leries, he reluctantly
(Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. p. 76; Cave, Hist. transferred his allegiance to Vespasian. (Tac. Hist.
Liter. Append. p. 174, ed. Geneva. )
ii. 12, 13, iii. 42, 43. )
(W. B. D. ]
2. BLASTARES. [BLASTARES. ]
MATU’TA, commonly called Mater Matuta, is
3. CAMARIOTA (ó Kauap. wta), a native of usually considered as the goddess of the dawn of
either Constantinople or Thessalonica, was the son morning, and her name is considered to be con-
of a Greek priest who perished during the capture nected with maturus or matutinus (Lucret. v. 655;
of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453. Mat- August. De Civ. Dei. iv. 8); but it seems to be
thaeus, the son, was also present at the capture, well attested that Matuta was only a surname of
but survived the event. He is praised for his Juno (Liv. xxxiv. 53; P. Victor, Reg. Urb. xi.
),
knowledge of philosophy and rhetorical talents. and it is probable that the name is connected with
He wrote: 1. “ Epistola de capta Constantinopoli," mater, so that Mater Matuta is an analogous ex-
a very prolix production, the greater extant por- pression with Hostus Hostilius, Faunus Fatuus,
tion of which was translated into Latin by Theo Ajus Locutius, and others. If we look to the
dore Zygomala, and published with the Greek text ceremonies observed at her festival, the Matralia,
by M. Crusius in his “ Turco-Graecia" 2. “ Epi- which took place on the 11th of June, we must
tome in Hermogenem et Rhetoricae Liber. ” 3. infer that they were intended to enjoin that people
Synopsis Rhetorica. ” [See the following, No. 4. ] should take care of the children of deceased brothers
4. ** Commentarii in Synesii Epistolas. ” 5. “ En- and sisters, as if they were their own, and that
comium in tres Hierarchas, Basilium, Gregorium they should not be left to the mercy of slaves or
et Chrysostomum. " 6. (perhaps) * Matthaei hirelings, who were in fact so odious to the goddess,
Monachi et Presbyteri Thessalonicensis de Divina that she delighted in their chastisement. (Tertull
.
Gratia et Lumine, &c. ” 7. “ Tractatus de iis qui De Monogam. 17; Plut. Quaest. Rom. 16, 17. )
Spuria et Aliena docent. ” Matthaeus was the A certain resemblance between these ceremonies
tutor of Georgius Scholarius. It would seem that and those of the Greek Leucothea led the Romans
in 1438 he accompanied John VII. Palaeologus to to identify Matuta and Leucothea, and thus to re-
Jum et Popu
passage just cited
work in the time
161). There is
second book of
13 bich vor
Indes. He als
11. $2 ; 7. tit.
canus some
cianus in the
sometimes ci
EIGETELS from
MAURICI
tre, c. 7
headed the co
1. MAXIMIS
proconsul, Go
MAURIC
BERIUS,
ftantinople
an ancient
Minor, perh
birth, which
ton Art
genealogy of
dan terc
## p. 975 (#991) ############################################
MAURICIUS.
975
MAURICIUS.
gard her as a marine divinity. (Plut. Camill. 5; Maurice spent his youth at the court of the em-
Ov. Fast. vi. 551, &c. ; Cic. De Nat. Deor. iii. 19, peror Justin Il. ; and although he undoubtedly
Tuscuil. i. 12. ) A temple had been dedicated to served also in the army, his name does not become
Matuta at Rome by king Servius, and was restored conspicuous in history previous to 578. At that
by the dictator, Camillus, after the taking of Veii. period he was comes cubiculorum ; and Tiberius
(Liv. v. 19, 23, xxv. 7, xli. 33. ) Frequent men- had no sooner succeeded Justin (578) than he ap-
tion of a temple of Matuta at Satricum is made by pointed Maurice magister militum, and gave him
Livy (vi. 33, vii. 27, xxviii. 11). (L. S. ) the command in Mesopotamia against the Persians,
MAVORS. (Mars. ]
in place of the general Justinian, with whose
MAVO'RTIUS, the name prefixed to a poem military conduct the emperor was not satisfied.
in the Latin Anthology on the judgment of Paris. As Tiberius was considered to be the greatest
It is a cento from the writings of Virgil, and breaks captain of his time, he would not have entrusted so
off abruptly at the end of 42 lines. The author is important a command to an inexperienced courtier,
believed to be the Vettius Agorius Basilius Ma and consequently one cannot but infer that he was
vortius, who was consul A. D. 527, the same who, perſectly acquainted with the great capabilities of
according to Bentley, arranged the works of Horace Maurice. The event fully justified the emperor's
in their present form, and who is supposed by a choice. A truce of three years had been made be-
recent critic, whose reasonings will not bear close tween Persia and the empire, extending to the
investigation, to have interpolated a number of whole of the frontier except Armenia, where war
spurious pieces, and introduced other organic was carried on as before. "But Chosroes violated
changes. (Burniann, Antholog. Lat. i. 147, or No. the truce, and invaded Mesopotamia before the
282, ed. Meyer; Bentley, Pruef. in Horat. ; Peerl. Romans were at all aware of his hostile intentions.
kamp, Praef. ad Horat. )
(W. R. ) At this critical moment Maurice arrived in Meso
MAURICIANUS,JU'NIUS, a Roman jurist, potamia, and forth with began by restoring the
who wrote, according to the Florentine Index, six relaxed discipline of the troops: one of his first
books, Ad Leges, by which is meant Ad Leg. measures was the re-establishment of the ancient
Juliam et Pupium (Dig. 33. tit. 2. s. 23). The custom of the legions never going to rest at night
passage just cited shows that he was writing this before fortifying their camp. This custom had long
work in the time of Antoninus Pius (A. D. 138— since been neglected ; and the favourite manoeuvre
161). There is one passage in the Digest from the of the Persians of surprising the Romans in the
second book of Mauricianus De Poenis (2. tit. 13. night was thus rendered abortive. At the opening
8. 3), which work is not mentioned in the Florentine of the campaign, however, the Persian general,
Index. He also wrote notes on Julianus (2. tit. 14. Tamchosroes, made himself master of the im-
8. 7. 82 ; 7. tit. 1. s. 25. $ 1), but in place of Mau- portant fortress of Thomane, and pushed as far as
ricianus some manuscripts have Martianus or Mar- Amida. Maurice soon drove him back, and in his
cianus in the two passages just cited. Mauricianus turn invaded the province of Arzanene, sending
is sometimes cited by other jurists. There are four some detachments beyond the Tigris. The first
excerpts from his writings in the Digest. (G. L. ] campaign ended without any decisive battle. In
MAURICIUS, according to Capitolinus (Gor the second campaign, 579, Maurice and his excel-
dian. tres, c. 7), was the name of the youth who lent lieutenant Narses—who must not be con-
headed the conspiracy in Africa against Maximinus founded with Narses, the general of Justinian-
1. [MAXIMINUS), and proposed the elevation of the made a successful invasion of Media, and took up
proconsul, Gordian, and his son. [W. R. ) their winter-quarters in Mesopotamia. In 580 he
MAURICIUS (Mavpixios), FLA'VIUS TI. crossed the Euphrates at Circesium (Circessus or
BERIUS, one of the greatest emperors of Con-Cercusium), a town situated in the angle made by
stantinople (A. D. 582—620), was descended from the Chaboras joining the Euphrates, with a view of
an ancient Roman family which settled in Asia marching across the desert upon Ctesiphon. His
Minor, perhaps some centuries previous to his plan was frustrated through the treachery of some
birth, which took place about A. D. 539, in the Arab allies, and he found himself unexpectedly
town of Arabissus, in Cappadocia. We give the compelled to make head against the main army of
genealogy of his family so far as it is known :- the Persians. The contest was sharp, and ended
with a total overthrow of the Persians, who eva.
talent and rank, raised still hixher by
cuated whatever places they held in Mesopotamia,
his son the emperor Maurice; m. Jon
and fled in confusion beyond the Euphrates. Now
Chosroes offered peace, but Maurice peremptorily
1. Mauricius, 2. Petrus, dux 3. Gordiana, 4. Theo. 5. Damiana.
demanded the restoration of the great fortress of
Thraciae, and m. Philip
Dara, the bulwark of the empire, declining to ac-
Curopalata;
Philippicus,
cept any indemnity in money, and the war was
renewed with more fury than before (581). A
pitched battle, in which the Persian army was
Constantina,
almost annihilated, and their commander, Tam-
chosroes, died the death of a hero, concluded the
war, to the advantage of the Romans, and Maurice
hastened to Constantinople to surprise the emperor
and the nation with the welcome news that the
1. Theodosius 2. Tiberius. 7. Anastasia. 10. sopa shida mare and peace restored to the East. This was more
most dangerous enemy of Greece was humbled,
Jangghter of 5. Justinus. 9. Cleopatra,
than what even Tiberius expected ; and Maurice
Patricius;
having gained universal popularity by his brilliant
mnunlared by
victories, the emperor invited him to enter Cod-
stantinople in triumph (582).
Paulus, a native of Arabissus; a man of
anna; diud 593.
1
1
1
ctista.
pus, or
emperor;
b. 3. 39;
succeeded
Tiberius 582;
murdered
by Phocas
612; m.
murdered
by Phocas
602.
dux
Orientis.
eldest
daughter of
Tiberius,
murdered by
Phocas
605 or 607.
1
11. Maria,
b. 355 ; m.
3.
4. Paulus.
8.
ctista.
Gerinanus
6. Justinia-
nus?
AU five
murdered
by Phocas.
All three
murdered by
married
Hormidas,
king of
Perwa,which
Phocas.
is more
Phocas 602.
than
douuuful.
## p. 976 (#992) ############################################
976
MAURICIUS.
MAURICIUS.
insulted in a mo
to rebel or to lo
une the king.
dering which He
br Bindoes, a pri
L-treated by hi
Hormisdas, DOW
seat of Bindoes,
Barzn. The more
fed into the Ro
sting troubles in
das, ras murder
lact states, beate
$29, Cbostoes.
When Caorte,
arrived at the 2
mander would
Soon afterwards the brave Tiberius fell danger- peror's affairs in the East. They refused to ac
ously ill ; and feeling his end approach, assembled knowledge Priscus, forced Germanus to take the
the senate, and proposed Maurice as his successor, supreme command, and deposed all officers with
His touching speech met with no opposition ; Con- whom they were displeased, choosing others in
stantinople was in rapture ; and the dying em- their stead. In this emergency Aristobulus ar-
peror increased the joy of his subjects by giving rived, whom Maurice had sent into Mesopotamia,
his eldest daughter Constantina in marriage to immediately upon being informed of the mutiny ;
Maurice. A few days afterwards Tiberius died and this able man having gained some ascendancy
(13th of August, 582); and the fortunate Maurice over the rioters, availed himself of his advantage,
now ascended the throne.
and together with Heraclius led the army, who
His mature age (43) was a guarantee to the were then encamped under the walls of Marty-
nation that the rapid fortune of their new master ropolis (on the Nymphius, in Sophene) against
was not likely to turn his head; and indeed he did the main body of the Persians, who approached to
not deceive their expectation, although his reign besiege that great fortress. The Romans carried
was an uninterrupted series of wars. We shall the day ; but in the pride of victory the soldiers
first speak of the Persian war.
once more raised the standard of rebellion. At
Maurice had scarcely ascended the throne, and this critical time, Gregory, bishop of Antioch, ar-
given proof of his forbearance, by pardoning instead rived, as the emperor's plenipotentiary, and he at
of punishing various persons who had been guilty last succeeded in soothing the turbulent spirit of the
of treason, wlien news came from the Persian fron- legions, and prevailed upon them to obey Philip-
tier that Hormisdils, the son of Chosroes, had picus as their commander-in-chief. This was cx-
broken the peace, and attacked the empire. Before actly what this ambitious man wished for; but as
the end of the year (582) John Mystacon, the he was unable to do honour to his important func-
commander-in-chief in those quarters, engaged in a tion, when he had obtained it in a fair way, he
pitched battle with the Persians near the junction was found to be still less competent now his niind
of the Nymphius and the Tigris ; but although the was inflated by unfair success (589).
the province of Further Spain, which he plundered Gesch. d. Hellen. Dichtk. vol. ii. p. 324. ) [P. S. )
and oppressed. On his return to Rome he was MATTHAEUS, CANTACUZE'NUS (Mat.
accused by the provincials and went into exile at Baios ó Kartakovshvos), co-emperor of Constan-
Tibur. (Liv. xli. 28, xlii. 1, xliii. 2. )
tinople, was the eldest son of John VI. , who
P. MATI'NIUS, was a Roman money-broker associated him in the supreme government in 1359,
who was strongly recommended by M. Brutus with a view of thwarting the schemes of John
to Cicero, when proconsul of Cilicia, in B. c. 51. Palaeologus, who, although then an exile in Tene
The citizens of Salamis in Cyprus, were debtors | dos, enjoyed great popularity, and had a fair pro-
## p. 974 (#990) ############################################
974
MATTHAEUS.
MATUTA.
was
a
MAU
ped her as a marine
5. Fac, vi 551, k1
Tual
. i. 12) A ser
Matuta at Rome br kis
by the dictator, Camii
(Lit. s. 19, 23. IIT.
tion of a temple of Me
LITT (vi. 33, rii, 27,
MAVORS (MA
MAVURTIUS.
ir the Latin Antholo
It is a cento from the
si abrupės at the es
believed to be the
perties, who was o
according to Bentley
in their present fc
recent critic, whose
intestigation, to be
panicus pieces
ats (Burnia
232, ed. Meyer;
bang, Praef. ad
MAURICIAT
who wore, accord
books, Ad Lega
37.
spect of seizing the throne. Both John and Italy, and was present at the councils of Fermra and
Matthaeus, however, were unable to prevent John Florence ; and if we can trust Phranza (iii. 19), he
Palaeologus from taking Constantinople in the became, after the fall of the Greek capital, patriarch
month of January, 1355, an event which put an of Constantinople, under the name of Gennadius,
end at once to the reign of the father and the son, but finally abdicated and retired into a convent.
who both abdicated and retired into a convent. (Fabr. Bill. Graec. vol. vi. p. 118, vol. xii. p. 107;
[JOANNES VI. ) Matthaeus, who died before his Cave, Hist. Liter. Append. p. 110, ed. Geneva. )
father, or towards the end of the 14th century, 4. CAMARIOTA, a contemporary of the former,
was married to Irene Palaeologina, by whom he wrote: 1. “Synopsis Rhetorica," ed. Gr. et Lat.
had six children. (See CantACUZENUS, genealo- D. Hoeschelius, Augsburg, 1595, 4to. : this work
gical table. ] Matthaeus Cantacuzenus
seems rather to be the production of the foregoing
learned man, and during his protracted residence Camarioca. 2. “Orationes de Sacro Officio Pas-
in one of the convents of Mount Athos wrote dif- torali. ” 3. “Tres Canones lambici s. Hymni. ”
ferent works, mostly commentaries on the Holy 4. “Canon Iambicus de Christo atque ejus Cruce;”
Scriptures, of which several are extant in MS, and others extant in MS. (Cave, Hist. Lins
and one of which has been published, viz. —“Com- Append. p. 110. )
mentarii in Cantica Canticorum,” ed. Vincentius 5. EPISCOPUS (Ioniae et Asiatidis Terrae Epis-
Richardus, 1624, fol. ; he was perhaps also the au- copus), a Byzantine bishop of uncertain age, wrotu
thor of " Commentarius in Sapientiam Salomonis," “ Epistola ad Magnum Magnae Ecclesiae Constan-
extant in MS. (Cave Hist. Lit. , Append. p. tinop. Chartophylacem,” which begins poivovtos
[W. P. ] Tîs rólews élovtos, and is extant in MS. (Cave.
MATTHAEUS (Marttalos), literary and ec- Hist. Lit. Append. p. 175. )
clesiastical. 1. ANGELUS, surnamed PANARETUS 6. HIEROMONACHUS, seems to be the same
("Argenos ó Tavapétos), was a Byzantine monk, person as Matthaeus Blastares. [BLASTARES. )
who held the office of ecclesiastical quaestor, but 7. PANARETUS. (See No. 1. ]
whose time is very uncertain. Care, however, 8. PATRIARCHA, was removed from the episco-
thinks him to be identical with the monk Panaretus pal see of Cyzicus to the patriarchate of Constanti-
Protovestiarius, mentioned by Pachymeres (v. 17, nople ; abdicated in 1395, and died in 1408. He
21), and who was one of the ecclesiastical ambas- wrote several treatises on religious subjects, of
sadors, whom the emperor Michael VIII. Palaeo- which are extant in MS. : “ Testamentum, sire
logus sent in 1273 (74) to pope Gregory X. and Ultima Voluntas ; " " Hypotyposis sive Informatio
the Council of Lyon, for the purpose of effecting a ad seipsum et ad Episcopos sibi subjectos. ” If
re-union of the Latin and Greek churches. Mat- he wrote this in 1398, as is presumed, he seems to
thaeus wrote: 1. “ Antithesis contra Thomam have abdicated after that year, and not as early as
Aquinatem de Processione Spiritus Sancti. ” 2. 1395. (Cave, Hist. Liter. Append. p. 54, ed.
Against the same a treatise on the purgatory, en- Geneva ; Oudin, Comment. de SS. Eccles. vol. iii.
titled Πώς εστίν ο ένδικός τόπος ένθα αι ψυχαι p. 2209, &c. , ad an. 1400. )
[W. P. ]
Kalaipovtal aplv, &c. 3. “Dissertatio contra La- MATUʻRUS, MA'RIUS, was procurator of
tinos de Primatu Papae,” 4. “ Refutatio Sex Capi- the maritime Alps in the war between Otho and
tum a Latinis editorum in Defensionem Proces- | Vitellius, A. D. 69, and enlisted on the side of the
sionis Spiritus Sancti ex Patre et Filio. " 5. latter the mountaineers of his district. After
“ Demonstratio in quot Absurditates Latini inci. Otho's death Maturus retained his post and was
dent dum Spiritum Sanctum etiam a Filio pro- for some time faithful to Vitellius. But as he was
cedere asserunt. ” 6. “Dissert. de aliis XXII. La- nearly surrounded by the enemy in Narbonne and
tinorum Erroribus. ” 7. “ Dissert. contra Latinos Cisalpine Gaul, and could not rely on the valour
de Azymis. " These works are extant in MSS. or fidelity of his Alpine leries, he reluctantly
(Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. p. 76; Cave, Hist. transferred his allegiance to Vespasian. (Tac. Hist.
Liter. Append. p. 174, ed. Geneva. )
ii. 12, 13, iii. 42, 43. )
(W. B. D. ]
2. BLASTARES. [BLASTARES. ]
MATU’TA, commonly called Mater Matuta, is
3. CAMARIOTA (ó Kauap. wta), a native of usually considered as the goddess of the dawn of
either Constantinople or Thessalonica, was the son morning, and her name is considered to be con-
of a Greek priest who perished during the capture nected with maturus or matutinus (Lucret. v. 655;
of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453. Mat- August. De Civ. Dei. iv. 8); but it seems to be
thaeus, the son, was also present at the capture, well attested that Matuta was only a surname of
but survived the event. He is praised for his Juno (Liv. xxxiv. 53; P. Victor, Reg. Urb. xi.
),
knowledge of philosophy and rhetorical talents. and it is probable that the name is connected with
He wrote: 1. “ Epistola de capta Constantinopoli," mater, so that Mater Matuta is an analogous ex-
a very prolix production, the greater extant por- pression with Hostus Hostilius, Faunus Fatuus,
tion of which was translated into Latin by Theo Ajus Locutius, and others. If we look to the
dore Zygomala, and published with the Greek text ceremonies observed at her festival, the Matralia,
by M. Crusius in his “ Turco-Graecia" 2. “ Epi- which took place on the 11th of June, we must
tome in Hermogenem et Rhetoricae Liber. ” 3. infer that they were intended to enjoin that people
Synopsis Rhetorica. ” [See the following, No. 4. ] should take care of the children of deceased brothers
4. ** Commentarii in Synesii Epistolas. ” 5. “ En- and sisters, as if they were their own, and that
comium in tres Hierarchas, Basilium, Gregorium they should not be left to the mercy of slaves or
et Chrysostomum. " 6. (perhaps) * Matthaei hirelings, who were in fact so odious to the goddess,
Monachi et Presbyteri Thessalonicensis de Divina that she delighted in their chastisement. (Tertull
.
Gratia et Lumine, &c. ” 7. “ Tractatus de iis qui De Monogam. 17; Plut. Quaest. Rom. 16, 17. )
Spuria et Aliena docent. ” Matthaeus was the A certain resemblance between these ceremonies
tutor of Georgius Scholarius. It would seem that and those of the Greek Leucothea led the Romans
in 1438 he accompanied John VII. Palaeologus to to identify Matuta and Leucothea, and thus to re-
Jum et Popu
passage just cited
work in the time
161). There is
second book of
13 bich vor
Indes. He als
11. $2 ; 7. tit.
canus some
cianus in the
sometimes ci
EIGETELS from
MAURICI
tre, c. 7
headed the co
1. MAXIMIS
proconsul, Go
MAURIC
BERIUS,
ftantinople
an ancient
Minor, perh
birth, which
ton Art
genealogy of
dan terc
## p. 975 (#991) ############################################
MAURICIUS.
975
MAURICIUS.
gard her as a marine divinity. (Plut. Camill. 5; Maurice spent his youth at the court of the em-
Ov. Fast. vi. 551, &c. ; Cic. De Nat. Deor. iii. 19, peror Justin Il. ; and although he undoubtedly
Tuscuil. i. 12. ) A temple had been dedicated to served also in the army, his name does not become
Matuta at Rome by king Servius, and was restored conspicuous in history previous to 578. At that
by the dictator, Camillus, after the taking of Veii. period he was comes cubiculorum ; and Tiberius
(Liv. v. 19, 23, xxv. 7, xli. 33. ) Frequent men- had no sooner succeeded Justin (578) than he ap-
tion of a temple of Matuta at Satricum is made by pointed Maurice magister militum, and gave him
Livy (vi. 33, vii. 27, xxviii. 11). (L. S. ) the command in Mesopotamia against the Persians,
MAVORS. (Mars. ]
in place of the general Justinian, with whose
MAVO'RTIUS, the name prefixed to a poem military conduct the emperor was not satisfied.
in the Latin Anthology on the judgment of Paris. As Tiberius was considered to be the greatest
It is a cento from the writings of Virgil, and breaks captain of his time, he would not have entrusted so
off abruptly at the end of 42 lines. The author is important a command to an inexperienced courtier,
believed to be the Vettius Agorius Basilius Ma and consequently one cannot but infer that he was
vortius, who was consul A. D. 527, the same who, perſectly acquainted with the great capabilities of
according to Bentley, arranged the works of Horace Maurice. The event fully justified the emperor's
in their present form, and who is supposed by a choice. A truce of three years had been made be-
recent critic, whose reasonings will not bear close tween Persia and the empire, extending to the
investigation, to have interpolated a number of whole of the frontier except Armenia, where war
spurious pieces, and introduced other organic was carried on as before. "But Chosroes violated
changes. (Burniann, Antholog. Lat. i. 147, or No. the truce, and invaded Mesopotamia before the
282, ed. Meyer; Bentley, Pruef. in Horat. ; Peerl. Romans were at all aware of his hostile intentions.
kamp, Praef. ad Horat. )
(W. R. ) At this critical moment Maurice arrived in Meso
MAURICIANUS,JU'NIUS, a Roman jurist, potamia, and forth with began by restoring the
who wrote, according to the Florentine Index, six relaxed discipline of the troops: one of his first
books, Ad Leges, by which is meant Ad Leg. measures was the re-establishment of the ancient
Juliam et Pupium (Dig. 33. tit. 2. s. 23). The custom of the legions never going to rest at night
passage just cited shows that he was writing this before fortifying their camp. This custom had long
work in the time of Antoninus Pius (A. D. 138— since been neglected ; and the favourite manoeuvre
161). There is one passage in the Digest from the of the Persians of surprising the Romans in the
second book of Mauricianus De Poenis (2. tit. 13. night was thus rendered abortive. At the opening
8. 3), which work is not mentioned in the Florentine of the campaign, however, the Persian general,
Index. He also wrote notes on Julianus (2. tit. 14. Tamchosroes, made himself master of the im-
8. 7. 82 ; 7. tit. 1. s. 25. $ 1), but in place of Mau- portant fortress of Thomane, and pushed as far as
ricianus some manuscripts have Martianus or Mar- Amida. Maurice soon drove him back, and in his
cianus in the two passages just cited. Mauricianus turn invaded the province of Arzanene, sending
is sometimes cited by other jurists. There are four some detachments beyond the Tigris. The first
excerpts from his writings in the Digest. (G. L. ] campaign ended without any decisive battle. In
MAURICIUS, according to Capitolinus (Gor the second campaign, 579, Maurice and his excel-
dian. tres, c. 7), was the name of the youth who lent lieutenant Narses—who must not be con-
headed the conspiracy in Africa against Maximinus founded with Narses, the general of Justinian-
1. [MAXIMINUS), and proposed the elevation of the made a successful invasion of Media, and took up
proconsul, Gordian, and his son. [W. R. ) their winter-quarters in Mesopotamia. In 580 he
MAURICIUS (Mavpixios), FLA'VIUS TI. crossed the Euphrates at Circesium (Circessus or
BERIUS, one of the greatest emperors of Con-Cercusium), a town situated in the angle made by
stantinople (A. D. 582—620), was descended from the Chaboras joining the Euphrates, with a view of
an ancient Roman family which settled in Asia marching across the desert upon Ctesiphon. His
Minor, perhaps some centuries previous to his plan was frustrated through the treachery of some
birth, which took place about A. D. 539, in the Arab allies, and he found himself unexpectedly
town of Arabissus, in Cappadocia. We give the compelled to make head against the main army of
genealogy of his family so far as it is known :- the Persians. The contest was sharp, and ended
with a total overthrow of the Persians, who eva.
talent and rank, raised still hixher by
cuated whatever places they held in Mesopotamia,
his son the emperor Maurice; m. Jon
and fled in confusion beyond the Euphrates. Now
Chosroes offered peace, but Maurice peremptorily
1. Mauricius, 2. Petrus, dux 3. Gordiana, 4. Theo. 5. Damiana.
demanded the restoration of the great fortress of
Thraciae, and m. Philip
Dara, the bulwark of the empire, declining to ac-
Curopalata;
Philippicus,
cept any indemnity in money, and the war was
renewed with more fury than before (581). A
pitched battle, in which the Persian army was
Constantina,
almost annihilated, and their commander, Tam-
chosroes, died the death of a hero, concluded the
war, to the advantage of the Romans, and Maurice
hastened to Constantinople to surprise the emperor
and the nation with the welcome news that the
1. Theodosius 2. Tiberius. 7. Anastasia. 10. sopa shida mare and peace restored to the East. This was more
most dangerous enemy of Greece was humbled,
Jangghter of 5. Justinus. 9. Cleopatra,
than what even Tiberius expected ; and Maurice
Patricius;
having gained universal popularity by his brilliant
mnunlared by
victories, the emperor invited him to enter Cod-
stantinople in triumph (582).
Paulus, a native of Arabissus; a man of
anna; diud 593.
1
1
1
ctista.
pus, or
emperor;
b. 3. 39;
succeeded
Tiberius 582;
murdered
by Phocas
612; m.
murdered
by Phocas
602.
dux
Orientis.
eldest
daughter of
Tiberius,
murdered by
Phocas
605 or 607.
1
11. Maria,
b. 355 ; m.
3.
4. Paulus.
8.
ctista.
Gerinanus
6. Justinia-
nus?
AU five
murdered
by Phocas.
All three
murdered by
married
Hormidas,
king of
Perwa,which
Phocas.
is more
Phocas 602.
than
douuuful.
## p. 976 (#992) ############################################
976
MAURICIUS.
MAURICIUS.
insulted in a mo
to rebel or to lo
une the king.
dering which He
br Bindoes, a pri
L-treated by hi
Hormisdas, DOW
seat of Bindoes,
Barzn. The more
fed into the Ro
sting troubles in
das, ras murder
lact states, beate
$29, Cbostoes.
When Caorte,
arrived at the 2
mander would
Soon afterwards the brave Tiberius fell danger- peror's affairs in the East. They refused to ac
ously ill ; and feeling his end approach, assembled knowledge Priscus, forced Germanus to take the
the senate, and proposed Maurice as his successor, supreme command, and deposed all officers with
His touching speech met with no opposition ; Con- whom they were displeased, choosing others in
stantinople was in rapture ; and the dying em- their stead. In this emergency Aristobulus ar-
peror increased the joy of his subjects by giving rived, whom Maurice had sent into Mesopotamia,
his eldest daughter Constantina in marriage to immediately upon being informed of the mutiny ;
Maurice. A few days afterwards Tiberius died and this able man having gained some ascendancy
(13th of August, 582); and the fortunate Maurice over the rioters, availed himself of his advantage,
now ascended the throne.
and together with Heraclius led the army, who
His mature age (43) was a guarantee to the were then encamped under the walls of Marty-
nation that the rapid fortune of their new master ropolis (on the Nymphius, in Sophene) against
was not likely to turn his head; and indeed he did the main body of the Persians, who approached to
not deceive their expectation, although his reign besiege that great fortress. The Romans carried
was an uninterrupted series of wars. We shall the day ; but in the pride of victory the soldiers
first speak of the Persian war.
once more raised the standard of rebellion. At
Maurice had scarcely ascended the throne, and this critical time, Gregory, bishop of Antioch, ar-
given proof of his forbearance, by pardoning instead rived, as the emperor's plenipotentiary, and he at
of punishing various persons who had been guilty last succeeded in soothing the turbulent spirit of the
of treason, wlien news came from the Persian fron- legions, and prevailed upon them to obey Philip-
tier that Hormisdils, the son of Chosroes, had picus as their commander-in-chief. This was cx-
broken the peace, and attacked the empire. Before actly what this ambitious man wished for; but as
the end of the year (582) John Mystacon, the he was unable to do honour to his important func-
commander-in-chief in those quarters, engaged in a tion, when he had obtained it in a fair way, he
pitched battle with the Persians near the junction was found to be still less competent now his niind
of the Nymphius and the Tigris ; but although the was inflated by unfair success (589).
