No More Learning

” namely, lord Borough, four years before that time, The earl Essex, who had been man power
Mountjoy's Expedition Ulster 1601. —In April, 1601, returned Dublin, and, the 23rd April, says Morrison,
“kept St. George's feast with solemn pomp, the captains bringing up his meat, and the colonels attending his person table. ” O'Neill, Mac Mahon, O'Hanlon, Donal Spainach Cavenagh, and O'Byrne, who had made their submission, “were invited and en
the lord deputy Mountjoy, according Morrison, was Drogheda,
and received the submission Torlogh Mac Henry O'Neill the
Fews; Evir Mac Colla Mac Mahon Farney, Eochy O'Hanlon,
and other chiefs. Captains Blaney and Bodley, with forces from
Mount Norris and Newry, according Morrison, attacked for tertained with plenty wine and all kindness. ” Mountjoy
tified island Loughrorcan, and having prepared their arrows with wild-fire, shot them across the water, by which means they set fire the houses the island, which was used magazine
the Irish, and contained great store butter, corn, meal, and
powder. They also burned the houses along the shore, and killed many people, amongst others, many churls (peasants), and call iachs (old women), and they ravaged the country. Mountjoy
having resolved make another expedition against O’Neill, marched from Dublin Drogheda, the 23rd May, thence Dundalk on the 25th, and on the 8th June he came the hill
Foghard, encamped near the Moyry Pass, and built fort there,
the Three-mile-water. From the camp Foghard, pub
lished the proclamation for the new coin, and having finished the fort Moyry, proceeded Carrickbane, near Newry, the 14th,
and it was on his march to put provision stores into that fort, after it had been raised, that the same lord justice came by an untimely death, through
that way, O’Neill’s people quitted the fort, and
left wide open their enemies and opponents, which was unusual thing with them till then.
that fort, he went reconnoitre, overlook, and
the country about him, and having the borders Benburb Tyrone),
take view
arrived
was met
try some the kerns O’Neill, with grim and stern countenances animosity, and dreadful fierce conflict ensued between them respectively, and immense numbers were slain that place, but, however, more the lord justice's people were slain than O’Neill's soldiers. The lord justice, notwithstanding the opposition encountered, returned back the camp, and, during the period of about month and half that he remained
the fort, none his forces went one mile beyond that into Tyrone, until returned back into the English Pale, and Dublin, the month
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690 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1601.
and eminent service, and of prosperity and good sent to be imprisoned, as a traitor, to the Tower, fortune, on behalf of the queen of England, a man and every person who had share, counsel, part, or who had been engaged by the men of England as alliance with him in that traitorous affair, was ex a leader in making invasions and conquests in ecuted and quartered, and hung upon the gates foreign countries, and who had served for half a and portals of the town; the earl was beheaded on year in the name, and as representative of the so the 18th day of the month of February; captain vereign in Ireland, as we have before stated, began Lee, a gentleman who was advising the earl, and in the first month of this year to give reproach and who was aiding and counselling in committing disrespect to the sovereign, and to set aside the that act, was also put to death for the foremen crown. When that treachery was discovered by the tioned crime.
men of London, they rose up quickly, and well pre James, the son of Thomas Roe, son of James, pared, in opposition to the earl, so that he was dri son of John, son of the earl, who had been nomi
nated earl of Desmond on behalf of the Irish, as we have before stated, sent his brother John, the
and thence to Iveagh ; and sir Richard Morrison was sent with a numbers of the English were slain in this engagement. Morrison great force into Lecale, and having plundered the country, took says that Dr. Latwar, the lord deputy's chaplain, was mortally Downpatrick; Morrison says they made one of the Brady's priso wounded. Mountjoy built a new fort at the Blackwater, near the
ven and pursued from one place to another, through the streets of the town, and likewise outside of the town, so that he was obliged to go to Essex-House,
to protect himself; he had not been long in that
place, when he was forcibly compelled to submit of Edmond, son of Thomas, and Pierce de Lacy, and surrender himself prisoner, and lay down his to Ulster, to ask for relief and aid from the Irish arms to the queen's people; and he was afterwards of the North, when he became reduced and weak
son of Thomas Roe; Fitzmaurice of Kerry, i. e. Thomas, the son of Patrick, son of Thomas, son
old one which had been demolished by O'Neill, and he placed a garrison in it of 350 men, under captain Williams. With his usual barbarity, Mountjoy cut down and destroyed the crops and corn, and burned the country in all directions through which he passed, and he renewed his insolent proclanation that whoever brought O'Neill alive would get £2,000, and for his head receive #1,000 reward During the remainder of the month of July, he had various conflicts with O'Neill's forces, in which many were slain on both sides, and Mountjoy then retired towards Armagh, and on the 3rd of August encamped a little beyond the city to the north. O'Neill followed them closely, and, towards night advan ced from the woods to a hill, under which the English were en camped in a meadow; and Morrison says, the Irish advanced with loud cries, and sound of drums, and bag-pipes, and poured into the
camp about 3,000 shot. In this attack on the camp, many of Mountjoy's forces were killed, and several also of O’Neill's men, amongst whom was slain Pierce Lacy of Bruff, a very valiant commander for many years in Munster, in alliance with O’Neill, and the earl of Desmond. At this time Plunkett, lord Dunsany, who commanded a garrison of 550 horse and foot for the queen at Lisgannon, between Ballyhaise and Cootehill, in the county of Cavan, took a prey of 1600 cows from the Mac Mahons of Mo
naghan, who pursued them, recovered the cattle, and slew about 50 of the English forces, and took captain Esmond prisoner. On
three hours, on a fair green meadow, both sides being alternately repulsed, and the English often driven back to their colours. Morrison, as usual, makes light of the number of Mountjoy's forces that fell there; but, according to the Annals, immense
ner, and cut off his head. Mountjoy received the submission of Felim Mac Gennis, of Mac Cartan, and of Mac Rory of Kilwarlin,
but the chiefs, Art and Edmond Magennis, would not be received to the queen's protection without first doing some service. Having
left sir Richard Morrison, with 500 foot and 50 horse, at Down
patrick, Mountjoy marched towards Newry, and having heard
that O’Neill, with his forces, was near Armagh, and had his
creaghts, says Morrison, feeding some thousands of cows, the lord
deputy prepared his troops, and strengthened his garrisons at
Mount Norris, Newry, Armagh, &c. , and on the 23rd, proceeded
towards the fort of Blackwater, and passed the place where Mar
shal Bagnal's army was defeated, at the Yellow Ford, and he
viewed the battle-field for a long time with great attention. He
then returned, and left a garrison of 750 foot and 100 horse at the
Abbey of Armagh, under sir Henry Danvers, and, on his return to
Mount Norris, viewed the ford where general sir John Norris, a
few years before, had been mortally wounded in a battle with
O'Neill. It appears that Mountjoy's forces were at this time
fiercely attacked by the Irish, under O'Neill, and forced to retire
with much loss; and, on the 24th, Mountjoy arrived with his
forces at Newry, and went thence to Dundalk, where he received
the submission of the chiefs Art, Rory, and Glasny Magennis, and
Patrick Mac Mahon. On the 9th of July he proceeded to Newry, and encamped at Latenbur, beyond that town ; and on
the 13th he marched towards the Blackwater, where he made a
stand, as O'Neill, with his horse and foot, shewed themselves out
of a wood on the other side of the river, with the trumpets, drums,
and colours gained from the English, at the battle of the Yellow
Ford. The Irish poured some vollies of shot on Mountjoy's
forces, which was answered by their cannon, and sir William Go
dolphin was sent forward to the attack with troops of horse; but
the Irish, during the entire night, continued pouring in their shot.
On the 16th Mountjoy advanced, with a regiment of Irish under
sir Christopher St. Lawrence, and passing the Blackwater, pro Kinsale. Mountjoy then proceeded to Clonmel, and thence to ceeded towards Benburb, where there was an old castle of the Cork, to concert measures with Carew against the Spaniards. O'Neills. Here they were attacked by O'Neill's forces, and Mor According to Morrison and others, Mountjoy had 3,000 horse and rison says, they had a hot and long skirmish, which continued
the 7th of August, Mountjoy withdrew towards Newry, and en camped at Mount Norris, where he remained till the 13th, and then removed and encamped within three miles of Armagh ; from thence he came back to Mount Norris, and marched near Newry on the 16th, and remained at Newry till the 25th, he then returned to the Pale, and, on the 29th, arrived at Trim where he remained some time, and went from thence to Kilkenny, where he arrived on the 13th of September, and on the 23rd, he and the earl of Or mond received intelligence of the landing of the Spanish fleet at
foot in this expedition against O'Neill, besides detachments from the different garrisons in Ulster; but he was forced to retire with out bringing O'Neill under subjection, and lost at least 1000 menin the various conflicts in this campaign.
ened in the allied war he was carrying on against
The young earl Desmond, namely, James, the son Gerald, son James, son John, whom we
August precisely; when they appeared before the
council of England, the Tower was by order ap pointed as their residence, for living and sleeping
in it from that forth, till the time of their death, or during their lives, according to the will of God and of their sovereign (see note p. 669).
REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 691
the English, and he remained himself, with a small
party along with him, concealing and hiding him
self among his faithful friends, in lonely cold huts,
and in caves of the earth; he continued for some
time after that manner, until on one occasion the
White Knight, namely, Edmond, the son of John,
received private information that James was in a
certain cave in the vicinity of his country, so that
what he did was, to make an incursion on his re
lative, by kindred and pedigree, and his lord, while
engaged in treason for some years before that, re
specting the small fragment of his country in
which he was then, for he had not in his possession
of Munster but that cave, in which he happened to
be on that occasion. James was taken into custody
by the knight, on account of that, and he took
him with him to the president at Cork, without
asking pardon or protection for him, and James,
having been delivered into the hands of the presi
dent, he was carefully guarded till the month of
July precisely. It was in the same month that Flo Thomas, son Richard, remained along with rence, the son of Donogh Mac Carthy, commonly
called Mac Carthy More at that time, came to the
president at Cork, and as soon as he arrived in the
town, he was taken prisoner for the queen, and mas this year, into the province Leinster, and Florence began to proclaim aloud, without reserve,
that they were seizing him in opposition to the
word and protection of the queen; but that was
of no avail to him, for he and James, the son of booty,
Thomas, were sent to England in the month of the county Kildare, the county Hy Failge
The office of governor was held by the earl of been formerly nominated lord, and Theobald
Thomond, namely, Donogh, the son of Conor O’Brien, in the county of Clare, from the day on which the governor of the province of Connaught,
Conyers Clifford, had been slain O'Donnell, on the Curlew mountain; session was held by him for fifteen days the monastery Ennis, about the festival St. Bridget this year, and sixteen men were hanged by him that session. The same earl, together with his brother Donal, went England
the month March Donal returned about Lammas, and the earl remained there after him.
the Ships, the son Richard the Iron, who had been usually acting behalf the queen, were
peaceable and very amicable each other, since the time O’Donnell had established alliance and
friendship between them, until the first month the spring this year; commotion war, and
revival enmity arose between them, and The obald the Ships was the instigator exciting
the discord and renewing the anger, and the re membrance the animosity which arose between them, that the tribe Ulick Burke joined
mentioned have come from England earl the harvest the foregoing year, went Eng
land the spring this year, and remained there until the first month winter, when died and were not that his father had fallen while inop position the queen, and for the manner which his people and faithful followers had been reduced
by the English, the two provinces Munster would have been one wave sorrow, lamentation, af fliction, and mourning, for that young man; was the only rightful heir the stock the true line age, and the last remnant the pure race the Grecian (or noble), descent the Geraldines; his death was the more lamented, that left no heir, either son brother his own, his family, appointed his successor, except few,
and these few were acting against the laws sovereign.
the
Captain Tyrrell, namely, Richard, the son
O'Neill during the foregoing part this year, and
that captain, having got some retained kerns from O’Neill, proceeded with them, about the Lam
impossible recount, relate, enu the captain effected preys, slaughters,
would
merate taking
Offaly, the King's county), and the coun Tipperary, from Lammas (August), the
first month the following winter.
The Lower Burkes, namely, Mac William Burke,
Theobald, the son Walter Ciotach, who was alliance with O’Donnell, and whom had
towns, and people, plunder and
the county Ceithearlach (Carlow),
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692 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1601.
one alliance against Mac William, namely, Theo their gentlemen, captains, and assistants every bald, the son of Walter, and they deposed and stone and wooden building the town they con
veyed from their ships the town their supplies provisions, drink, ordnance, powder, lead, and
other necessaries which they had with them, vernment of the country, by the tribe of Ulick, and they sent away their shipping back their and by Theobald ofthe Ships, namely, Richard, country; they planted their great guns and their the son of Rickard, i. e. Deamhan-Corrain, and he engines shooting and defence, every place by
expelled him from his patrimony, so that he was obliged to go to O’Donnell, and another Mac
William was appointed to succeed him in the go
was commonly called the son of Deamhan-an-Chor which they considered their enemies might attack rain. When Mac William, i. e. Theobald, the son them; they also appointed sentinels and guards
of Walter, went to O’Donnell, he complained to succession, be relieved alternate hours, had him of his troubles and oppression, and the man been their constant practice before their arrival ner in which he was expelled from his country; that place, for they were perfectly sure that the O’Donnell was grieved at that circumstance, but,
however, he could not relieve him immediately,
for he and his forces were engaged besieging
and watching the English who had come his
country, that could not march into any dis (Rincorran castle), exactly the estate Barry
lord justice would come attack them, with the
queen’s army, when the news should reach him. There was another castle on the eastern side of the
harbour Kinsale, which was called Rinn-Corrain
tant territory, relieve either friend relative, account the opposition carried against him his own country. Mac William remained
with him from the first month Spring the fol
lowing Michaelmas, when O’Donnell sent with him many forces could, visit his patrimony
Mac William's country; when arrived the very centre the country, the Mac William who had been appointed the tribe Ulick Burke, and Theobald, the son Richard the Iron,
force, and opposition him, met him the
way which had proceeded, and fierce con Connaught, came with their forces the same
their select men into that castle,
like manner. When the lord justice
ceived intelligence these affairs,
until he arrived Kinsale, with all the forces could muster, all those who were obedient the queen Ireland; thither came the president
the two provinces Munster, with the forces Munster along with him; the earl Clanrickard,
and every leader force body troops that
place; thither also came the Lagenians and Me thians, they had been commanded the lord justice, for the forementioned purpose. After they
the son Rickard Burke, was defeated, and he
himself was slain that engagement, that was camp before Kinsale, from which they made
that manner his government terminated. attack Rincorran, and they did not allow them Spanish fleet arrived the south Ireland, tranqulility rest, sleep repose, for long time,
flict ensued between them, and each them began
reproach the other with their old grudges, and their recent animosities, until length Richard,
and Don John Agola (Don John, Juan Aguila, Aquila), was the name the leader who was their general; the place where they entered port was the harbour Kinsale, the mouth
the blue pool Banndan (the river Bandon), the border Courcy's country, the one side,
and Kinel Aodha, viz. , Barry Oge's estate the other (the baronies Courcy’s and Kinnalea,
while they carried severe conflicts and valorous assaults against each other, until the guards, after enduring all the dangers they encountered, laid
down their arms, and surrendered the lord jus tice, leaving behind them their ammunition and ordnance; the lord justice sent those distri buted among the great towns Munster, until should see how his warfare with the other party
Cork). On their arrival Kinsale, they took them, who were Kinsale, would terminate; under their controul the fortifying, protection, de was that occasion that young Carbry, the son fence and maintenance the town, from the in Carbry Mac Egan, who was standard-bearer habitants who dwelt ’till then; they quartered the son the earl Ormond, was slain. The lord
Oge, Kinnalea, and the Spaniards sent party
was obedient the command the lord justice
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their enemies from firing out of and they would have slain more were not for the earl of Clan
rickard, for was he, and those that happened along with him, that compelled the Spaniards
return back Kinsale. One hour’s cessation, either day night, did not pass between these two camps, that blood was not shed either side, from the first day the lord justice pitched his camp before Kinsale, until they separated, hereafter stated.
When O’Neill, O’Donnell, and the Irish
Leth-Cuinn general, received intelligence
that Spanish fleet, the resolution they came to, with
one accord and disposition, although their chiefs
and nobles had not assembled together determine on their resolutions, conclude their counsels,
was, that each lord country them should leave protection and guard over his territory and
fair lands, and with his arms and forces, with out delay stopping, succour and aid the Spaniards who had come their invitation and request, for was anguish heart and tor ment mind them that they should remain the difficulty and predicament which they were placed their enemies, without relieving them
nearly twenty days the hill Drom Saileach, Ikerrin, waiting for O’Neill, who was marchingslow
after him. O’Donnell’s people continued devasta ting and plundering the country about them, during
the time they remained that place, that they stood need nothing their camp that force could desire, the space they remained there. When the lord justice Ireland received intelli gence that O’Donnell was marching towards them,
sent the president the two provinces Mum
ster, namely, sir George Carew, with four thousand
soldiers along with him, for the purpose meet ing oppose him, order prevent the march which was resolved, and intercept him the common way. When O’Donnell learned that
the president, with his large army, had arrived the vicinity Cashel, proceeded with his forces westward from Ikerrin, along Upper Ormond,
Owney, and the monastery Owney, Clanwilliam, on the borders the Shannon, the
gates Limerick, and south-westward until they arrived, without stopping halting, by day
night, beyond the plain into Hy-Conaill-Gabhra (the baronies Conello, Limerick). When the president discovered that O’Donnell had passed
REIGN OF ELIZABETH.
they could. O’Donnell was the first who pre pared proceed that expedition, and having left guards protect his cattle and flocks, and
people the county Sligo, out the
with many ships and vessels, men, good arms and
provision stores, to succour and aid the sovereign's
people in Ireland. The earl, with the fleet, having namely, O’Rourke, Bryan Oge, the son arrived at the harbour of Kinsale, they landed at Bryan; the sons John Burke; Mac Dermott the side of the port on which the lord justice’s Moylurg; the O'Conors Roe O'Kelly, and the people were, and four thousand men was the num chiefs who were expelled from Munster, and were ber under the command of the earl of Thomond, with him during the foregoing part this year, of that army. Some assert that, were it not for namely, Fitzmaurice Kerry, i. e. Thomas, the the great valour and courage maintained by the son Patrick; the Knight the Glynn, namely, lord justice, before the arrival of the earl of Tho Edmond, the son Thomas; Teige Caoch, the mond and these forces, the camp would have son Torlogh Mac Mahon (of Clare), and Dermod been vacated, and that the English would disperse Maol, the son Donogh Mac Carthy. These and return to their great towns; the earl of Tho forces proceeded through the county Roscom mond encamped apart for himself, at the nearest mon, along the borders the county Galway, angle of the lord justice’s camp to Kinsale. At through Siol Anmcha, and the Shannon; they that time the Spaniards made a sally by night, on were expeditiously conveyed across the Shannon
a quarter of the lord justice's camp, and having Ath Croch (Shannon harbour); from thence they slain great numbers, they broke the stones and proceeded Delvin Mac Coghlan, Farkall (in supporters (the platform) of the great gun of the King's county), the borders Slieve Bloom, and queen’s ordnance, in order that they might prevent into Ikerrin Tipperary). O’Donnell remained
justice and his forces, and the Spaniards of Kinsale, continued shooting and firing at each other, during
the first month of winter, when the queen and the council recommended the earl of Thomond to come
beginning winter from Ballymote. The follow ing were some the chiefs who accompanied him,
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694 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1601.
him into the fastnesses of the country, he chief district, were along with O’Neill and considered it useless to pursue him, and returned O'Donnell, that place; great was the enthu back with his forces to the lord justice. Fitzmau siasm and courage, bravery, and valour, the rice was permitted by O’Donnell on that occasion people who were there; and there was not to proceed along with a party of the force to visit quarter border, throughout the five provinces and reconnoitre Clanmaurice (in Kerry); while Ireland, that these, some party them, did these were traversing the territory, they got an ad not spread abhorrence and hatred, dread and
vantage of some of the castles of the country, and they took possession of them ; the names of those were Lixnaw, Caislean-Gearr of Ardfert, and Baile I-Chaola, and they put guards into those castles;
it was on the same occasion that O'Conor Kerry,
namely, John, the son of Conor O'Conor, took his
own castle, namely, Carrigafoyle, which had been
in the possession of the English for more than a
year before that time, and he himself, with the peo
ple of his castle, joined in alliance with O’Donnell.
O’Donnell remained nearly a week in these dis
tricts of Hy-Conaill-Gabhra, preying, devastating,
plundering, and spoiling the country of every per
son in his vicinity, who had part or alliance with
the English. O’Donnell after that proceeded over
the heights of Sliabh-Luachra (Slieve Lougher and valiantly, with one disposition and one accord, mountain, in the barony of Trughenackmy, county
of Kerry), into Clan Amhlaoibh (Clanawley, in the
barony of Duhallow, county of Cork), to Muskerry
and to Bandon, in the Carberries. All the Irish of the English into great difficulties, for they did not Munster came to him at that place, except Mac suffer hay, corn, water, straw fuel, con
Carthy Riavach, i. e. Donal, the son of Cormac-na Haoine, and Cormac, the son of Dermod, son of
Teige, lord of Muskerry, and these Irish pro
mised they would alliance and union with him
from that forth. As O’Neill, namely Hugh, the
son Ferdorcha, son Con Bacach, departed
from Tyrone week after Samhain (that week
after the 31st October), go the relief the
forementioned Spaniards; after had crossed ties the English, just the English were distress the Boyne, began prey and burn the territory the Irish. The leaders Tirconnell and
Bregia and Meath; afterwards proceeded Tyrone begantodeliberatein council respectingthat through Westmeath and Ormond, across the Suir proposal, and they disagreed and were opposition
westward, and his further progress not recorded
until arrived Bandon, where O’Donnell was
then, and John, the son Thomas Roe, son the
earl (of Desmond), was along with O’Neill that difficulty which they were placed, until they expedition. When the Irish chiefs, with their should perish famine, and from want the
one place, they encamped within the lord justice's camp, the
Bel-Guala, Kinnalea. Many leader force and troop, lord territory, and
necessaries they stood people, and likewise perished. was
O’Donnell,
forces, arrived short distance
need some their their horses, had already
north side,
anguish heart and shame listen the complaint and the
terror amongst the English and Irish who were fighting against them ’till that time; frequent and
numerous were their battles, their exploits, their preys, their conflicts, their slaughters, and their
feats arms, against their enemies, various ter ritories, ’till that very hour; there was no power that they did not overcome, nor host great they were not able encounter, while the Trinity and prosperity aided them, and whilst they did the will
their Lord God, and fulfilled his command ments and testament; ample for giving battle and full engagement against their enemies, other occasions, was the number the forces which were that camp, were they united aiding
each other, had God granted them fight bravely
behalf their religion and their country,
the difficult predicament which their enemies were reduced that occasion. The Irish brought
veyed the lord justice’s camp; they continued for some time that manner, watching each other, until Don John, the general the Spaniards, sent
written dispatch privately the Irish, requesting
them make attack certain quarter the lord justice's camp some night, and that
himself would attack the other part the same night, for they were reduced great difficul
for some time determining unanimous reso lution, for was O'Neill’s advice not attack them immediately, but maintain against them the
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 695
predicament of the Spaniards, without relieving them from the difficulty in which they were, even
should his death, or slaying or the loss of his peo ple be the result of it; so that the resolution they
at length came to was, to attack the lord justice’s camp, as they were requested. When the parti
cular night on which they resolved to make that attack came on, the Irish bravely and courageously
took up their arms of battle and conflict, and were
ready for the march; their leaders disputed with O’Donnell came the side O’Neill’s people, each other which party should be first in com after they had been defeated, and began ex mencing the attack of that night, and they thus hort those who were retreating stand maintain proceeded in three powerful columns of battle, and the battle along with his own people, until his ut in three large and numerous bodies of forces, terance and voice failed him, the excess shoulder to shoulder, and elbow to elbow, outside
of the borders of their camp. O'Neill and the Ty
ronians, together with those the Orgiellians
(the Mac Mahons, Maguires, and others, Mo
naghan and Fermanagh), and the Iveachians
Ulidia (Magennises, and others, the county
Down), were separate powerful column; tom with their race till then but, however, all he O’Donnell and the Tirconnallians, together with could do was avail him, for the first
for the purpose falling into their order and ranks, and wait for O’Donnell, and the other party, who had mistaken their way, we have be fore stated. When the lord justice saw that affair,
sent forth powerful active troops attack them, who encountered O'Neill's people, that they continued killing and slaying them, subduing and
reducing them, until five six colours were taken
from them, and many their men were slain.
speaking and loud calls that addressed
general, entreating his brave clans stand by him and fight against their enemies; also told them that was shame and treachery for them have acted that unusual manner, viz. , turn their backs their enemies, such was never the cus
his chieftains, and the Conacians general, were another column; and such were there the
force was defeated, was every other party succession, but, notwithstanding that they were defeated, the number slain them was not im mense, because the pursuers were fewer compared with those who were before them. The displea
gentlemen Munster, Leinster, and the men
Meath, together with their forces, those
them who rose the war alliance the Irish, and
such were expelled into Ulster the foregoing sure God, and misfortune, were evident against part this year, marched the third column, va the pure Gadelians Fodla (Ireland), that oc liantly, with steady pace, without intermixing casion, for oftener had they defeated, with small
with the other forces. Having marched outside the camp that order, the forces mistook the way, and strayed their advance account the great darkness the night, that their guides did not succeed arriving the appointed place before the lord justice’s camp until day-light
the morrow. Some assert that certain person
the Irish sent notice and forewarning the lord justice that the Irish and Spaniards were make attack him that night, that was there fore the lord justice and the queen's forces were
posted their dangerous passes, and their advan
tageous positions, defend their camp against
their enemies. When the darkness the night diminished, and the light day was clear
general. was then O'Neill’s men happened
have arrived the vicinity the lord justice’s
people, without the Irish being actually aware and they were unprepared they avoided them,
party those, many hundreds the English, than turned their backs their enemies, the field battle and the pass danger, every place they encountered till that day. Great and immense was their loss that place, though small was the num ber slain there, for the chivalry and bravery, pros perity and affluence, nobleness and valour, renown and pre-eminence, hospitality and generosity, he roism and defence, piety and pure religion the Islandof the Gael, were lost that conflict. O’Neill and O’Donnell, with their Irish forces, returned back westward Inis-Eoganain (Innishannon,
between Kinsale and Bandon), that night. Alas! was not the condition they were that night, they thought they would have returned from
that expedition, for much blame and recrimination, regret and sadness, sorrow and anguish, prevailed throughout their camp every quarter, and they could not become calmed, much consoled;
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696 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1601.
hasty, immature, and precipitate were their coun These nobles left a party of their neighbouring allies sels after they assembled together, so that the re in Munster, to spoil it in their absence, namely, cap solution they at length came to was, that O’Neill, and tain Tyrrell, with the other sons of John Burke, Rory, the brotherof O’Donnell, with their command together with some other gentlemen; these noble ers and the chiefs of Leth-Cuinn in general, should | Gadelians, namely O'Neill and O’Donnell, ordered
return back to their countries, to protect their terri tories and lands against foreign invaders, and that O'Donnell, namely Hugh Roe, Redmond, the son of John Burke, and captain Hugh Mus (Mostian), the son of Robert, should go to Spain to complain of their troubles, and difficulties to the king of Spain.
3. Landing of the Spaniards, Siege and Battle of Kinsale. — An account of these events is given in the work of Fynes Morri son, who was Secretary to the lord deputy Mountjoy, and also in the Pacata Hibernia of sir George Carew, who was President of Munster, and partly in Mac Geoghegan's Ireland, from O'Sullivan Beare and others; and in Cox's Hibernia Anglicana, from which works the following particulars have been collected. King Philip
III. , of Spain, having resolved to send succours to O'Neill, O'Don nell, the earl of Desmond, and Florence Mac Carthy, to carry on the war against the English, assembled for that purpose some forces under the command of Don Juan del Aguila, or de Aquila, who had served some time against the French and English in Bretagne, but though he was a cominander of some experience, he had not much reputation. O'Connor, however, in his Military Memoirs of the Irish Brigades, unjustly condemns Don Juan, for he appears to have been a brave man, though, perhaps, not pos sessed of much military abilities, besides he was rather vain and insolent towards his Irish allies. The fleet intended to convey the Spaniards to Ireland, was in the mean time sent, under the admiral Don Diego de Brochero, to the island of Terceira, in the Azores, to protect the Spanish galleons coming from America, against the English. This circumstance retarded the expedition, and much diminished the forces; on the return of the fleet from Terceira, it set sail from the Tagus for Ireland, and consisted of 45 vessels, most of them small, 17 of which carried gums,and only 6 were of the large class called galleons, 3 of which were named the St. Paul, the St. Peter, and the St. Andrew. The forces were mostly composed of old soldiers from the garrisons in Italy, with men from the Terceirean islands, and 1,500 Biscayan sailors. Shortly after the fleet had got into the open sea, it was dispersed by a storin, and 7 of the ships, carrying the artillery, warlike stores, and provisions, under the vice-admiral Don Pedro de Zu biar, were forced to take shelter in the harbour of Corunna, which the English writers called the Groyne. The remainder of the fleet, according to some accounts, 35 ships, landed at the harbour of Kinsale, on the 23rd of September, 1601, with about 3500 men, though the forces originally destined for Ireland amounted to 6,000. It appears from Morrison that de Aquila, after landing his forces, sent all his ships back to Spain, except 12, which he kept in the harbour of Kinsale. Carew gives, in the Pacata, the names of all the Spanish captains and commanders, and says they marched to Kinsale with 25 colours. As soon as the Spaniards landed, cap tain Saxeys, the English commander, evacuated Kinsale, and
that their command and controul should be given to O'Sullivan Beare, i. e. Donal, the son of Donal, son of Dermod, for he was the best chief commander
of his party in Munster at that time, in wisdom and valour. It was on the 3rd day of the month of Ja nuary that the Irish were defeated in that battle. ”
any molestation in body or goods, and as much as shall remain, likewise, without any hurt. ” The Spaniards brought a great
quantity of arms for the use of the Irish who would join them, and also 1,600 saddles, expecting, as they were promised, to be fur
nished with horses by the Irish. Don Juan despatched messengers with letters to O'Neill and O'Donnell, advising them of his arri
val, and Mathew de Oviedo, who had come to Donegal to O'Don nell the year before, and had been appointed by the Pope arch
bishop of Dublin, came with the Spaniards to Kinsale and, on the 12th of October, wrote to O'Neill and O'Donnell the following letter, which is given in the Pacata:
withdrew his garrison to Cork. Kinsale is a seaport, situated that hath demolished all the temporalities of this flourishing
near the mouth of the river Bandon, and was then a strong, stone
built town, well securedby nature and art. When the Spaniards
approached Kinsale, the townsmen set open their gates, and
permitted them quietly to enter; the Sovereign, says Carew, “with that is replenished with all good things, being stirred with
his white rod in his hand, going to billet them in several houses, more ready than if they had been the queen's forces. ” Don Juan issued a proclamation to the following effect:
“We, Don Juan de Aquila, general of the army to Philip, king of Spain, by these presents do promise that the inhabitants of the town of Kinsale shall receive no injury from any of our retinue, but rather shall be used as our brethren and friends, and that it shall be lawful for any of the inhabitants that list, to transport, without
their cries, which pierce the heavens, and have reached the ears of the Pope, and of our king Philip. ”
Many of the Munster chiefs joined the English, amongst others Cormac Mac Carthy, lord of Muskerry, while others came to assist the Spaniards at Kinsale, of whom the principal man was the valiant Donal O'Sullivan Beare, aided by Donogh and Fineen O'Driscoll; John O'Connor Kerry, with Fitzgerald, knight of Kerry, Donal Mac Carthy, son of the earl of Clancare, and some
“Pervenimus in Kinsale, cum classe et exercitu Regis nostri Philippi; expectamus vestras excellentias qualibet hora, veniant ergo quam velociter potuerint, portantes equos, quibus maxime in digemus, et jam alia via scripsimus;
“Excellentissimis Dominis, “Don O’Neill et O’Donnell. ”
“FRATER MATHE Us, “Archiepiscopus Dubliniensis.
“We have come to Kinsale with the fleet and army of our king Philip ; we expect your excellencies any hour you please ; ye will therefore come as quickly as ye can, bringing horses, of which we stand in great need ; we have already written by another way. I
say no more.
Farewell.
“Brother MATH Ew,
“To the most excellent lords,
“ Don O'Neill and O’Donnell. ”
Mountjoy having, at this time, published a proclamation censuring the Spaniards for their invasion of Ireland, was answered in a ma
nifesto published by Don Juan, which is given in the Pacata as translated from the Latin, and commences thus: “ Don Juan de Aquilia, general of the war, and the Catholic king of Spain's chief commander in God's war which is made in Ireland for the defence
of the faith,” &c. In it are the following passages in answer to Mountjoy: “O immortal God! who doth not wonder at your bit ter and inexpressible cruelty, and your boldness shewed in these words; for who is it that doth not know the great cruelty which you English have exercised, and cease not to exercise, towards the miserable Irish. You, I say, go about to take from their souls the Catholic faith, which their fathers held, in which consists eternal life; truly you are more cruel than bears and lions. Who is it
kingdom except the English? Look upon this and be ashamed; whereas on the other side we, commiserating the condition of the Catholics here, have left our most sweet and happy country Spain,
non dico plura: valete.
“Archbishop
of Dublin.
REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 697
A. D. 1602. great anger, anxiety, and anguish of mind, and he
After the Irish, and the small party of the could not repose or rest for the space of three days Spaniards who were along with them at that time, and three nights afterwards, so that he despaired of the king of Spain's people had been defeated of relief, and the resolution he came to, at the end by the English, in the battle of Kinsale, on the 3rd of that time, through the recommendation of
day of the month of January, as has been already stated, O’Donnell, i. e. Hugh Roe, was seized with
the Mac Carthys Carberry, the adherents Florence Mac Carthy, and some the O’Mahonys and O’Donovans Carberry;
but the Irish Munster made only feeble efforts, being broken down after Carew had taken the earl of Desmond and Florence
Mac Carthy, and sent them prisoners the Tower London. The
lord deputy Mountjoy was Kilkenny when the Spaniards
landed, on which proceeded Clonmel, and thence Cork,
concert measures with sir George Carew, president Munster, and &c. The English actively continued the siege during the month collect the English forces. On the 29th September, Mountjoy, November, the Spaniards making several sallies them, and accompanied Carew, with troop horse, went view Kin severe skirmishes took place, which great numbers were slain sale, and the Spanish fleet, and fix place for their camp. both sides; the English artillery for long time battered the About the 10th October the English had collected all their fortress Castle-ni-park, and the walls Kinsale, having about forces Munster Cork, under Mountjoy, Carew, sir Benjamin 20 pieces artillery, but the Spaniards defended the town with
Mountjoy came with his forces from Cork, within five miles Kinsale, place called Owney Buoy, and the 17th the army
men, horse and foot, under his own command, asisted sir Char les Wilmot and sir Christopher St. Lawrence. About the middle November these forces advanced Ardmaile, near Cashel,
advanced and encamped within half-a-mile the town, under the
hill Knock-Robin, and commenced the siege, but afterwards re attack O’Donnell, who was that time encamped near Holycross.
moved their camp hill called the Spittle, north the town.
The Spaniards were fortified Kinsale, and also put garrisons
two forts castles the entrance of the harbour, that on the
right being called Rincorran, and the one the left Castle-ni defiles, the Abbey Owney, Abington, through O'Ryan's park. The forces Mountjoy, amounting this time about country, and sharp frost having set the time, crossed the
7,000 men, commanded various colonels, sir Richard Wing field, sir John Barkley, sir William Godolphin, sir Arthur Savage,
sir Oliver St. John, sir Richard Percy, lord Audley, &c. , with cap tains Blaney, Bodley, Taaffe, &c. , incessantly continued the siege against the Spaniards, who very valiantly made four five sallies
sorties the English, which great numbers were slain on both sides. The artillery the English, cannons and culverins, constantly battered the castle Rincorran, which length sur rendered, the 1st November, and about 86 the Spaniards, with multitude Irish churls, says Morrison, and many women and children, were made prisoners, but all the swordsmen escaped
Slieve Felim mountains, the borders Tipperary and Limerick, towards the Shannon, and did not halt until arrived Croom.
The boggy mountains would have been impassable, were not for the frost that fortunately set in, and O'Donnell, with his hardy soldiers, performed this astonishing march 32 Irish miles, more than 40 English miles, twenty-four hours, which, Carew says, “was the greatest march with carriage that hath beenheard of. ” Carew advanced rapidly pursuit the Irish Abington, but he there learned that O'Donnell was Croom, which Ca rew proceeded Kilmallock, but says his labour was lost, and then returned Kinsale. O'Donnell next marched into Kerry,
the town. The English forces Kinsale, the 27th Octo and thence the county Cork, and December joined the
ber, 1601, according Morrison, amounted 6,900 foot, and 611 horse, making 7,511 men. On the 10th November Donogh O'Brien, earl Thomond, came from England with ships, and 1,000 men, but the Annals say had 4,000, which included other forces that came the same time, for, the 11th, 2,000 foot and 100 horse, under sir Anthony Cook, landed Waterford, accord ing Cox and Morrison, and the 12th admirals Levison and Preston arrived Cork with ships war, from England, and
Spaniards Castlehaven.
The siege Kinsale was still carried incessantly, and Castle
ni-park was taken the 20th November; the Spaniards, usual, made several sallies, and many were slain both sides. On the 28th the English sent Trumpet summon the town sur render, but was not suffered enter, and got his answer the gate, the Spaniards saying that they held the town, first for Christ, and next for the king Spain, and would defend against all
2,000 men. The fleets under these admirals, and the earl Tho enemies. The English the 30th, having made breach the
mond, brought artillery, arms, ammunition, provisions, and other
supplies. The forces the earl Thomond came Castlehaven, and thence Kinsale, and those Levison, Preston, and Cook,
walls, resolved the 1st December, says Morrison, “to give the Spaniard Bravado,” and for this purpose 2,000 foot were se lected, under their chief commanders, and having advanced, had severe skirmish with the Spaniards, who were lodged the trenches outside, near the walls. this conflict one the Spa nish captains, named Don Pedro Morijon, displayed amazing bra very, and having walked across the breach animating his men, sword hand, sir Richard Wingfield caused many great and small shot fired him, and offered reward £20 whoever should hit him, but though many balls beat the dirt and stones
were brought from Cork and Waterford Kinsale, all act
against the Spaniards. According Morrison, the army Kin
sale, on the 20th November, amounted 11,800 foot, and 857
horse, thus making all 12,657 men, and O'Conor says, his
Military Memoirs, the English had 15,000 men Kinsale. —Mor
rison, vol. pp. 344, 362, 364, and vol. pp. The foot
forces, under Mountjoy and Carew, were distributed into regi
ments, and commanded by colonels. Mountjoy had 1,400 men, his face and about his ears, yet constantly stood his ground,
commanded his lieutenant sir Benjamin Berry, and Carew had 1,100 men; Richard Burke, earl Clanrickard, had 1000; the earl Thomond, 1,000; sir Charles Wilmot, 1,000; shrOliver St.
without receiving any hurt, the end the engagement, which
continued hour, and the English then withdrew their forces, after great numbers had been killed and wounded each side.
O'Neill, although it was with reluctance he ad vised him to was depart from Ireland, and
John, 1,050; sir Christopher St. Lawrence, 1,050; sir Richard
Morrison, 1,100; sir Richard Percy, 950, and lord Audley 900.
The cavalry was commanded the marshal sir Richard Wingfield,
sir John Barkeley, sir Oliver Lambert, sir Garrett Moore, the earl Kildare, sir Edward Herbert, sir Henry Poer, sir William Go
dolphin, sir William Fortescue, sir Theobald Dillon, sir Thomas Burke, and captains Bodley, Bostock, Esmond, Rotheram, Roe,
Berry, &c. , and the forces the Pale, Leinster and Meath, un
der the marshal sir Richard Wingfield, with those from Athlone
and the frontiers Connaught, under sir John Barkley, serjeant
major the army, and those from Armagh, and other garrisons
the North, under sir Henry Danvers. On the 16th October was sent intercept him Tipperary, with force about 5000
great valour, though they had only three four cannons, the rest their guns being board the ships driven storm Corunna.
the mean time O'Donnell, having set out his march Munster, about the beginning November, the president Carew
O'Donnell, haste relieve the Spaniards, did not wait en counter Carew's forces, and having caused fires lighted his camp deceive the enemy, marched onward before day the
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698 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1602. –-s— –
go to Spain to king Philip III. , to request more person relieve him, and likewise the most dis forces and succours from him, for he was of opi posed aid those who fought behalf the
nion that the king of Spain was the most likely
The English having resolved to erect an earthen fort or rath on the west side of the town, in which they would lodge foot forces to second their artillery, captain Bodly, the Trench-master, captain Blaney, marshal Wingfield, and Mountjoy himself, having en
trenched their forces on the hill, began to cast up the fort during
the night, while the Spaniards, from their trenches, fired hotly
during the night on the men, guarding the pioneers, and on the
following day, the 2nd of December, the Spaniards poured in their
small shot; but the English finished the fort, after many had been
killed and wounded on both sides. On the night of the 3rd the
trenches where the cannon was planted, on the east side of the
town, were manned with Mountjoy's guards, under captain Blount,
with the companies of sir Thomas Burke, sir Benjamin Berry, and
captains Rotheran and Harvey; and the fort newly erected on
the west side, near the town, between the two camps, in one of
which, called the great camp, Mountjoy and the earl of Clanrick
ard were lodged, and the earl of Thomond in the other, was man
ned by the forces under captains Flower, Spencer, Dillon, Clare,
Boise, Masterson, &c. , with those of sir Arthur Savage, sir John the fire, and roar artillery, alternating with flashes lightning,
Bearehaven. The English admiral, sir Richard Levison, was sent the Pacata, were 6000 foot and 500 horse, with about 300 the with six ships from Kinsale to attack the Spaniards at Castlehaven, Spaniards from Castlehaven under Don Alonzo del Campo, and where he arrived on the morning of the 6th of December, and had O'Sullivan Beare. The English forces Kinsale before stated,
a sharp action with the Spanish ships, and the forces in the castle. Morrison, as usual, claims the victory for the English ; but it ap
appears they had the worst of and Levison returned Kinsale the next day; this engagement continued part two days, and the English lost about 300 men, though Mac Geoghegan says 575
the English forces were slain. Scottish ship commanded by one David High, Leith, was engaged by the Spaniards Co
runna, but was separated by storm from those which arrived Castlehaven, and came Kinsale; the Scotch captain, instead conveying the Spaniards their own countrymen, betrayed and delivered them into the hands the English. This ship contained 25 ton bread, and butts wine, and there were about 85 Spaniards board, who were sent prisoners England. The siege Kinsale was still actively continued, and Morrison men tions curious incident which occurred this time, that Don Juan Aquila sent challenge lord Mountjoy, that the ques tion between England and Spain should decided between then
according Morrison, amounted 12,600 men, the latter end November; but making allowance for those killed and wounded
since that time, the siege, who died disease, they had least 10,000 men the battle Kinsale, though Morrison, with his usual veracity, make them only 6,600, and says that only about 2000 them were engaged this battle, which statement most glaring falsehood. The Irish army was encamped the 21st, north Kinsale, about mile from the English camp.
O'Neill and O'Donnell were advised Aquila make attack night the English camp, and that and his Spaniards
would sally out from Kinsale, and assault them simultaneously the other side. appears O'Neill was averse this plan, and gave his advice not come engagement, but hem the English, and cut off their supplies, and thus reduce them, famine and disease, which had already set amongst them but O'Donnell was contrary opinion, and considered himself bound
honor ineet the wishes the Spaniards, and was resolved
Roman Catholic religion, and moreover, ac
single combat, but the offer Mountjoy, who absurdly the Romanists were forbidden
the valiant Spaniard was declin alleged, one his reasons, that
the council Trent from fight ing single combat, and that Don Juan had therefore right
challenge him. Mountjoy appears have had great taste for single combats, and and Carew were far more expert attempts
get their opponents betrayed when Mountjoy offered reward head O'Neill; and Carew,
assassinated, as, for instance, one thousand pounds for the
large bribes, got the earl Desmond and Florence Mac Carthy betrayed into his hands.
About the 7th December, O'Donnell's forces joined the Spaniards Castlehaven, and news arrived the 8th, says Morrison, that
O'Neill was advancing towards Kinsale, which the English more strongly fortified their camp. The siege was constantly continued during the month December, amidst violent storms
wind and rain; and many nights there was terrific thunder and lightning, thing very unusual that season, the horrors the scene being thus heightened the awful fury the elements,
Dowdall, sir William Warren, sir William Fortescue, sir Richard Morrison, sir Francis Rush, sir Oliver St. John, and some of the earl of Thoinond's troops; and the cavalry was commanded by sir William Godolphin and the earl of Clanrickard. On that might, which was dark and rainy, the Spaniards, to the number of 2000, made a powerful sally, directed chiefly against the platform and battery, where the English artillery was planted on the east side, and made determined efforts to force the place, and demolish the gabions and trenches, being armed with all sorts of tools and weapons, and with spikes and hammers, to cloy the cannon. After a severe contest, the Spaniards took the fort on the west side, but it was retaken by the English. There were about 5000 men engaged on both sides in this conflict, which continued for a long time, with great fury, and the Spaniards displayed the most undaunted bravery ; according to Morrison 200 of the Spaniards were slain, and the same number wounded, and there were at least as many killed and wounded on the side of the English, with some officers mentioned by Morrison.
On the 3rd of December, the six ships which had been driven to Corunna by storm, and were under the command of the admiral Don Pedro, arrived at Castlehaven, about 20 iniles from Kinsale, with a force of 700 men, or 1000, according to some accounts, with arms, artillery, &c. ; the fleet was cominanded by admiral Siriago, and the forces by Don Alonzo del Campo, some of these forces took possession of the fortress of Castlehaven, which belonged to Donogh O'Driscoll, chief of that district, and they were joined by five brothers of the O'Driscolls. Fineeen O'Driscoll gave a party of the Spaniards his castle of Baltimore, and Donal O'Sullivan Beare gave another party of them his strong castle of Dunboy, at
and loud thunder. The Spaniards, usual, made several sallies during this period, with great bravery, and many fell each side.
On the 21st O'Neill shewed himself, with his forces, horse and foot, hill northward, within about mile two Kinsale, near the river Owney Buoy, and place called Belgoley.
Battle Kinsale. —On the news the arrival the Spaniards Kinsale, O'Neill and O'Donnell actively collected their forces come their assistance, those heroic chiefs and their hardy
soldiers undertaking this arduous expedition more than 200 miles Munster, the depth winter, bad roads, and over
bogs, morasses, and mountains. The chiefs under O'Donnell, according the Pacata, and other accounts, were his brother Rory, Felim O’Dogherty, Mac Sweeny Tuath, O'Boyle and
others, Donegal; Brian O'Rourke Leitrim
Donoghs Corran Sligo, and the brother
the two O'Conors Roe, Conor Mac Dermott
O'Beirne Roscommon, O'Kelly, and the two O'Flahertys, Wil liam and Redmond Burke, and Hugh Mostian, from Galway; and
Munster was joined Thomas Fitzmaurice, lord Kerry, the Fitzgeralds, knights Kerry and Glynn, and Dermod Maoi Mac Carthy Carberry, brother Florence. O'Donnell's forces alnounted 2,500 men. The chiefs who came with O'Neill were
the O'Neills and O'Hagans
others, the Mac Donnells
the Mac Canus Armagh;
stantine Maguire Fermanagh, with some the O'Reillys Cavan; captain Richard Tyrrell, John Fitzgerald, brother the earl Desiuond, and Pierce Lacy. O'Neill's forces were about 4000, and the entire the Irish forces, according Morrison and
Tyrone; Randal Mac Sorley and Antrin; the Magennises Down; the Mac Mahons Monaghan Con
the two Mac O'Conor Sligo;
Moylurg, and
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 699
count of his alliance with the Irish, from their sions. Having determined that resolution, the having originally come from Spainto invade Ireland, persons selected accompany him that mis as recorded in the book called the Book of Inva sion were, Redmond Burke, the son John; cap
immediately to attack the English. According to the Pacata,
Brian Mac Hugh Oge Mac Mahon, whose son had been a
page with the president Carew in England, some years before,
sent, on the 22nd, a boy to captain William Taafe, requesting
him to procure a bottle of aqua vitae, or usquebaugh, from
Carew, which he sent him for old acquaintance sake. On Leger. The Irish, from some unaccountable cause, never fought
the 23rd Mac Mahon sent the same messenger, thanking Ca
rew for his present, and at the same time sent him a letter advising
him to stand well on his guard the following night, for that he was
present at a council, wherein it was resolved that the English
camp should be assaulted the next night, by the Irish and Spa
niards, therefore Mountjoy and Carew were perfectly prepared for
the expected surprise ; besides, it is stated, that on the 23rd, a
letter was intercepted from De Aquila to O'Neill, advising the
attack. It was determined on to assault the English camp on the
23rd, but it appears there was some misunderstanding between
O'Neill and O'Donnell, as to which should have the honor of lead Fineen O'Driscoll, and the Irish these parts, they are become ing the vanguard; however, it was finally agreed upon that cap
tain Tyrrell should lead the van, O'Neill the centre, and O'Don
nell the rear. It was intended to attack the English early in the
night, but, from the great darkness, the Irish forces missed their
way, and did not come up to the camp 'till near day-break on the
24th. The English forces were commanded by Mountjoy himself,
Carew, the earls of Thomond and Clanrickard, the marshal Wing
field, sir Richard Percy, sir Charles Wilmot, sir Christopher St.
Laurence, sir Richard Greame, sir Benjamin Berry, sir Richard
Morrison, lord Audley, sir Oliver St. John, sir Henry Folliott, sir
John Barkley, Samuel Bagnall, Henry Poer, Henry
Danvers, sir William Godolphin, sir Francis Rush, and captains
Fleming, Taafe, Roper, Roe, and many other officers. The battle
commenced near ford and some boggy ground, and continued
but about hour, when the Irish suddenly gave way, some
their troops having been seized with panic, partly caused ap have easily, any period, annihilated the English power Ire pears, according Morrison, the blowing up gunpowder
bag, and being thus repulsed, they could not again rallied, by
all the efforts O'Neill, O'Donnell, and Tyrrell, who displayed
their usual determined bravery, and retreated good order, and
the English were deterred from the pursuit for fear ambus
cade. On the side the English sir Richard Greame was killed,
and Danvers, Godolphin, and other officers were wounded, but few their men fell, according Morrison; while, says, 1,200
the Irish were slain, and many hundreds wounded; but the Irish were however completely defeated, and appears probable that
about 1000 them, and 200 the English, fell this battle. stated Morrison and Carew that the earl Clanrickard
land and no doubt O'Neill and O’Donnell would have wrested Ireland from the English, had the men the other provinces made such energetic efforts the Ultonians. The battle Kinsale was fought the 24th December, 1601, old style; but, the 3rd
was nearly killed, several shots having passed through his clothes,
and they say, “no man did bloody his sword more than his lord
ship that day, and with his own hand killed about 20 Irish
kerne, and cried out spare rebel;” and Carew says, “he tion. ” After the defeat Kinsale, O'Neill rapidly proceeded
would suffer prisoners taken, but bade them kill the re
bels. ” Some the Irish chiefs taken prisoners offered great ran
soms, but Carew says, when brought the camp, they were all
hanged the Spanish captain Alonzo del Campo was taken pri
soner, but not put death; according Morrison, the following
chiefs were slain on the side O'Neill, namely, Torlogh O'Ha Anglo-Irish; but, according Mac Geoghegan, they were de
gan Kedagh, Donal, Rory, and Colla Mac Donnell Mulmora O'Hagherty; three chiefs the O'Neills, and five the Mac Canns. appears the Spaniards Kinsale, through some mis management, were not engaged this ill-concerted attack, but, on the 25th and 26th, they made some sallies from the town. Morrison, and the Pacata, mentioned singular prophecy
respecting the battle Kinsale; Carew says the earl Thomond often told him, that an old book Irish prophecies which he had seen, was said that, towards the latter days, there would
feated by O'Donnell's cavalry, and 200 them slain.
On the 31st December, Don Juan sent proposals capitulation Mountjoy, and the 2nd January, old style, the 12th
new style, the terms were agreed to, which were very honourable the Spaniards, who were evacuate Kinsale with colours fly ing, and with their arms, ammunition, money, and all other valu able articles, and sent back safe Spain, giving their other garrisons Dunboy, Baltimore, and Castlehaven. Thus
terminated the remarkable seige Kinsale, which had continued battle fought near Kinsale, between the English and Irish, from the 17th October that time, period more than 10 which the former would victorious and Morrison says, that weeks. During the siege, the Spaniards displayed great bravery, the day the battle, old written book was shewn Mount and about 1000 them were slain the many sallies and sorties
wherein was prophecy naming the ford and hill where the made them against the English, and the assaults and attacks
battle was fought, and foretelling the overthrow the Irish that place; this prophecy was also mentioned, that when the three Hughs were conquered Munster, Ireland would lost. These were Hugh O'Neill, earl Tyrone, Red Hugh O'Donnell, and Hugh Maguire, who was killed combat with Warham St.
badly before, and appears there was no proper concert be tween them and the Spaniards Kinsale. Besides,
observed, that the earl Desmond and Florence Mac Carthy, the chief leaders the Munster Irish, were subdued and sent pri
soners the Tower, and O'Brien the English, the Munstermen were gave but feeble support the Irish Irish chiefs had been gained over
Thomond being joined with this time broken down, and the North. Many the
the artful policy Mount joy and Carew, and they used every effort sow discord and dis sension amongst the rest. Carew says, the Pacata, “as for
well divided amongst one another, and are fallen preying and killing each other, such manner, we are opinion will
greatly avail the quieting those parts;” and again says, “and also was thought policy make the Irish draw blood, one upon another, whereby their private quarrels might
advance the public service. ” But this policy was older
date than the time Carew, for the state papers the reign Henry the 8th, the following passage occurs
his lord deputy: “Now, more good than exploit
the beginning, war, till such enfeebled and
letter the king
politic practices may
time the strength
diminished, well
putting division among them, that they join not together. ” Even Leland admits, his history, that had the Irish chiefs acted with unanimity and concert, they could, simultaneous effort,
the Irish enemy shall
getting their captains from them, by
January, according the Annals, which the same date reckoning the new style. The Annalists sorrowfully record the subjugation the Irish, and Taafe, alluding this period, thus pathetically laments their fall; “Melodious lyre Inisfail, strike
mournful notes. The heroes who delighted thy festive strains, and cherished thy muse, are hastening the last act the fatal tragedy, which closes with their utter overthrow, saddened ca lamities unequalled, desolation and ruin. nation patriarchal
its recorded antiquity, its constitution, laws, manners, and customs, the point extermination; or, remnant survive slaughter and famine, 'tis only irretrieveable degrada
through the counties Cork, Limerick, and Tipperary, and thence through the Pale, Meath and Ulster. The Tirconnallians, under Rory O'Donnell, accompanied O'Neill Meath, and then pro ceeded their way North Connaught, through Westmeath, where they were attacked Ballymore, Lough Seudy, the
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700 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1602.
tain Hugh Mostian, the son of Robert; Flaithri,
the son of Fithil O'Maolconry, a worthy Father of the order of St Francis, who was a spiritual friend
his three requests; the first these was, send army with him Ireland, with the necessary
supplies and arms for the expedition, soon of his, and some others of his own faithful friends prepared; the second was, that none the nobles
besides. When that resolution was made known
his blood, the free-born clans, might ap to general, most mournful and melancholy pointed sway power over himself his suc were the clapping hands, the excessive sorrowful cessors, should the king's majesty assume authority
weeping, and the loud lamentations and wailing and power over Ireland; and the third request
which prevailed throughout O’Donnell’s camp
that time; and they had cause for that, had they
known the time, for they did not ever again
behold their leader, and lord their country, ancestors had strength and power before that rule over them prince the island Eire. time Ireland. All these were granted him O'Donnell and his brave companions took shipping the king, and received great respect from
Cuan-an-Chaislein (Castlehaven, Cork), the him, great honour probably none the
vourable breeze wind which came having wafted them over the vast stormy ocean, they entered port
the 14th day the same month, the vicinity Corunna, noble town the kingdom Gallicia, Spain, where lay Tor-Breogain (the Tower
6th day the month January, and the first fa Irish ever received
former times Breogan, the son from thence the sons Milesius
Bratha, and Spain, the son their first
heart and the length
tribulation mind O’Donnell, time that the Irish were unrelieved
him; and considered too
Bile, son Breogan, had come,
invasion Ireland against the Tuatha-Dedanan.
unaided
long that the army which had been promised him was not mustered together, prepared again
When O’Donnell landed Corunna, proceeded
through the town, and went Breogan, and was happy that place, for deemed
see the Tower his having landed
omen great
before the king, learn what retarded delay
the forces which had promised, and when arrived the town called Simancas, two leagues from the king's court Valladolid, God per mitted, and the fate, misfortune, curse, and
malediction attending the island Heremon and the Gadelians fair Banba (Ireland) would have that O'Donnell took disease and his death
sickness, and after being confined seventeen days his bed, he died the end that time, on the 10th day September precisely, house be longing the king Spain, that town Si
mancas, after having mourned his faults and im perfections, after rigid repentance his sins and
transgressions, after making unreserved confes panied Red Hugh O'Donnell, Hugh Mostian, Redmond Burke,
prosperity him wafted the place from which his ancestors had formerly gained strength
and power over Ireland. After having rested him self for short time Corunna, proceeded
where the king was, Castilla (Castile), for was there happened have been that time, the city called Samora (Zamora), where was then
his progress through his kingdom. O'Donnell having appeared before the king, went his knees his presence, and made his submission and obeisance him, was due his majesty, and would not rise until the king granted him
made the English the town. The English lost least 4000 men this siege, about 1000 whom were killed the Spa
niards, and the rest died disease. According Carew and Morrison, the Spaniards, who returned from Ireland, were 2,070,
from Kinsale, and 415 from Baltimore and Castlehaven, which, with those from other places, made all 3025, besides captains and other officers, priests, and great number Irish.
On the 28th December, 6th January, the admiral Don Pedro Siriago, sailed from Castlehaven for Spain, accom
and others, and list great number wards went Spain along with Aquila
On the 9th January, Mountjoy came
Don Juan, and the Spaniards having surrendered Kinsale, Castle haven, Baltimore, Dunboy, &c. , great number them sailed from Kinsale the 20th February, and the remainder them sailed from the same harbour, for Spain, the 16th March, under Don Juan Aquila.
was, that the rights
any time reduced
his ancestors might not diminished, on him
self his successors,
any place where his
the latter times from any having transacted his af. was recommended the king back Corunna, and remain there un things should ready for his return; this
other king. O’Donnell fairs with the king,
accordingly did, and remained there until Breogan), called Brigantia, which had been built the month August following. was anguish
the Irish who after given the Pacata.
Cork, accompanied
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sion to his spiritual friends, after receiving the
body and blood of Christ, and after extreme unc tion, as was meet, at the hands of his own spiritual advisers, and his own learned divines, Father Flai thri O'Maolconry, O’Donnell’s confessor and spi ritual adviser, and who was afterwards archbishop of Tuam, and Father Maurice Ulltach (O’Dunlevy) the son of Donogh, a poor friar of the order of St. Francis, from the conventual monastery of Done gal, and who was of O'Donnell’s household. His corpse was conveyed, in a covered burial carriage, to the king's court at Valladolid, surrounded by immense numbers of the state officers, counsellors, and the king's guards, with luminous lamps, and beautifully brilliant torches of wax, lighted on each side of him ; he was afterwards buried at the mo
punished, but quickly took satisfaction, and was avenged; determined, fierce, and bold invader districts; warlike, predatory, and desolating des poiler distant territories; persevering, indomi table, and stern destroyer, who subdued both the English and Irish who opposed him; one who did not neglect, during life, perform every duty be coming prince; sweet-sounding trumpet; man superior understanding, eloquence, wisdom and counsel, and agreeable countenance, that captivated every one who beheld him
nastery Francis, exactly of St.
in the
chancel,
with
REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 701
promised fulfiller
foretold verse and particularly
prophecy, who had been truly prophets, long before his birth, the holy Saint Columkille, the
son
Felim, who said follows: “A man of exalted fame shall come
Who will cause mournful weeping every country; He will the pious chief,
great honours and solemnity, and more magnifi
cence than ever any of the Irish had been interred
before. Masses, and many hymns, chaunts, and
melodious canticles, were celebrated and sung for the good of his soul, and prayers, as meet, were of
And shall rule prince for ten years. ”
Mournful was the condition the men Ireland, after the death O’Donnell, for their energy and spirit were broken down; they exchanged their courage for cowardice, their magnanimity for weak
fered up to God for him. Alas! mournful to many ness mind, and their pride for servility; their was the untimely loss of him who departed, for he success, bravery, valour, chivalry, triumph, and was the chief head of the conference, council, and battle-sway forsook them after his death; they consultation of the most of the men of Ireland, ei gave hopes relief, that the greater part ther in peace or war; he was a powerful and boun them were obliged seek refuge amongst ene teous lord, with the authority of a prince to main mies and strangers, while others them were tain the laws; a lion in strength and might, of scattered and dispersed, not only throughout Ire determination and command in word and action, land, but through foreign countries general,
so that truly he durst not be disobeyed, for what poor, indigent, wretched wanderers, and other par ever he ordered to be done, should be promptly ties them sold their military services foreign
executed, according as he directed it by his word; ers, that immense numbers the free-born a dove in meekness and mildness to the religious noble sons of the men of Ireland were slain and orders, clergy, and learned men, and to every one destroyed various, distant, foreign countries; not opposed to him, and who rendered him obe and strange places, and unhereditary grave-yards dience; a man who spread the fear and terror of became their burial grounds, consequence the
his name amongst persons far and near, and death that one man who departed from them. whom man could terrify lord who was the But short would too tedious, and impossi
expeller insurgents, and destroyer malefac tors; who exalted the sons life, and executed the sons death; man who did not suffer any injury, injustice, insult offered him pass un
Death O'Donnell. —Ample accounts the renowned Red Hugh O’Donnell have been given the course these Annals, and the Pacata Hibernia, some particulars are given his
arrival and reception Spain. An interesting Life O'Donnell will be found the Antiquarian Researches the learned sir Wil liam Betham. The day after O'Donnell's arrival Corunna, on the 15th of January, was nobly received by the count Caracena, governor Gallicia, who invited him lodge his own mansion,
ble enumerate relate the great evils that
sprung and became permanently established the
Island Eire, through the death Red Hugh O'Donnell that time. "
where remained till the 27th, when departed, accompanied the count and many captains, and, according the Pacata, “Ca racena evermore gave O’Donnell the right hand, which within his
government would not have done the greatest duke Spain”; and his departure presented O'Donnell with one thousand du cats; lay that night Santa Lucia, and Caracena returned. The next day O'Donnell proceeded the city Compostella, where was received with magnificence the prelates, citizens, and clergy,
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02 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1602.
The Irish having dispersed, after the battle of their proposals were agreed After the condi
Kinsale, as we have before stated, the lord justice, the president (of Munster), the earl of Thomond, and the earl of Clanrickard, with the commanders
tions were ratified, and confirmed by both parties, Don John came the lord justice, and was ho nourably received by the lord justice, and the nobles who were along with him; the lord justice, the president, and Don John, proceeded Cork,
of the English forces in general, put on the reso
lution of attacking Kinsale, to take it by entering
the gates and battered breaches which were made and all returned to their homes afterwards. As the
by the foreign immense great ordnance which they had with them, for shooting and firing on the town,
from the first day they encamped before it till that day. When Don John heard of that affair, and learned that the Irish, to whom he had come, and from whom he expected relief, had dispersed and
left him in the confined place and close prison in
which he was, and that it was not in his power to
return back to his friends, or to go forward against
his enemies, on account of their immense and vast
numbers, and the excellence of their defence, and
watching by day and night, the resolution he came
to was, to send a messenger to the lord justice, the
president, the earl of Clanrickard, the earl of Tho
mond, and the commanders of the army, to inform
them that he would surrender to the lord justice,
and those lords, on conditions that his people should be allowed to remain in the town till the festival
earl Thomond, came his country, after having been long time absent from England, and the camp Kinsale, and was not long
rest after arriving his estate, when attack the gentlemen who were spoiling and plunder
ing his country, since the time they heard that Don John had come Ireland till that hour, and those were Torlogh, the son Mahon, son Torlogh, son Mahon O’Brien, and Conor, the son Do mal, son Mahon, son Bryan O’Brien; these
were obliged deliver up the castles Derry
owen and Baile-an-Chaislein (in Clare), which were
their possession, and which some the wan derers and helpless people the country were the habit coming, upright people, who were not disposed plunder the country by means them promise protection, and fortnight's respite, was obtained for them from the earl, take leave their friends, and quit the country, condition that they would not return back again without the permission the lord justice, and
of St. Patrick following, with permission for his men
to go in and come out along with the queen’s peo
ple indiscriminately, and likewise to be allowed to
receive their money, their supplies, and everything the council. As these gentlemen, before the they required, should relief or aid come to them period their protection expired, they prepared from the king of Spain during that time; that the leave the country, and they proceeded through lord justice should be bound to let Don John at Clan-Cuilein, until they arrived Killaloe, from large among his people; that the lord justice and whence they crossed the Shannon into Ara (in these lords should have him conveyed back to Tipperary), and they resolved stay that nightin Spain, and that Don John would send back safe the district Ara. When the sons Torlogh to Ireland the ships which were to convey him. Carrach, son Torlogh, son Murtogh, son The terms of the dispatch were well received by Donal, son Teige O'Brien, namely, Donogh and the lord justice, and the nobles in general, and Donal, who were acting behalf the queen,
and having visited the Archbishop, prayed him lodge his own palace, which O'Donnell respectfully declined, and the 29th, the Archbishop celebrated mass, with pontifical solemnity, and administered the sacrament O'Donnell and he feasted him dinner his palace, with great magnificence, and his departure presented him, Caracena had done, with one thousand ducats. The king (Philip III), having heard O'Donnell's arri val, wrote Caracena concerning his reception, and the affairs Ireland; and, says the Pacata, “which was one the most gracious letters ever king directed, and stated that he would en danger his kingdom succour the Catholics Ireland their content, for the perfecting whereof great preparations were hand. ” O’Donnell, accompanied Father Florence Conry, after wards Archbishop Tuam, Redmond Burke, Hugh Mostian, and
nine other Irish gentlemen, proceeded the city Zamora, where the king then was, and they were all most graciously re
ceived his majesty, who promised the Irish nation every possi ble aid. O’Donnell then returned Corunna, and this heroic chieftain was every where received with the highest honours,
the land his Milesian ancestors. During the Spring and Sum mer, made energetic efforts hasten the forces for Ireland, and for this purpose resolved again visit the king, but when he reached Simancas, about two leagues from the city Walladolid, where the court was then held, he was seized with fever, some severe disease, which he died the 10th September, 1602,
the 29th year his age, and thus terminated the career that heroic chief, whose loss was irreparable his country.
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son of Mahon, and Tiege Ulltach, son of Mahon O’Brien, together with those who happened to be along with them; after being taken prisoners, they were brought back bound in fetters to the earl at Killaloe, and they were hanged in couples, face to face, on the nearest trees to them. After the earl dispersed and put to death those gentlemen and insurgents, he went to Limerick and from thence to Cork, to the lord justice, and the lord justice commanded the earl to march to Beare, with three thousand soldiers along with him, to see if he could
get an opportunity of attacking O'Sullivan Beare,
and the gentlemen who were along with him, name party the Mac Carthys, captain Tyrrell,
Charles Wilmott, and such were aiding the sovereign,
the lords Munster
marched against happened that Teige
REIGN OF ELIZABETH.
703
Oilen-Faoit Bantry), against
heard that they had so arrived in the country, while no longer protected by the earl’s promise, and not
having the word of the sovereign, or of any other
person, they attacked them in every place they
were, and took them prisoners, except Torlogh, the
son of Mahon O’Brien, who had gone, after taking
his dinner, to the dense intricate woods, and the
rugged-topped hills, to protect himself against his
enemies. The chiefs taken there were Conor, son
of Donal, son of Mahon O’Brien, Bryan Ballach, earl Thomond, the governor Kerry, i. e. sir
earl left garrison (Whiddy-Island, O'Sullivan, and
join the lord justice. Teige Caoch, son
soldiers the bay
himself returned Cork
Torlogh, son Bryan, son Donogh Mac Mahon, was accidentally killed
with the shot ball the month May
the following manner.
his own son, Beare, this year, which happened
The president (Carew), the
Beare and O’Sullivan.
Caoch seized merchant-ship sea before that
time, and O’Sullivan asked Teige for the use that ship, send Spain, request relief from the king Spain, before the queen's army should come attack him; Teige told him would not give him the ship, had means
defending protecting himself but the ship, and having said, sent his own son, and some
Fitzmaurice Kerry, O'Conor (Kerry), and the
knight the Glynn. The earl did not neglect son Torlogh and the guards fire O’Sullivan that command, but proceeded onward, without and his people, which they accordingly did, and, stopping halting, until
tery Bantry, the estate
O'Sullivan, and the sons
earl against O’Sullivan, for O'Sullivan had taken
arrived the monas the sons Owen Owen were aiding the
above the firing which took place between them, Torlogh hit Teige with the shot ball the up per part his breast, and died the eighth
day after that. That Teige was lord western Dunboy and Beare from their father the deci Corcabaiscin (barony Moyarta, Clare), until sion the council both here and beyond (in Ireland was deposed and expelled from his patrimony
and England), and was asserting that the rents the earl Thomond, three years before that Bantry were his right. The place where time, when he was killed, we have stated. There
O’Sullivan and his forces were then was, Ceim an-Ghabhair, between the army that side, and
the entrance Beare; that place was common
way enter the country, and was intricate and
narrow for the great army the queen pass person whom was killed would his right
through, even was there cutting woods earthen trenches, people, ordnance, force
planted there oppose them, was the case that time, defend the pass against them. The earl remained nearly week the monastery Bantry, while negociations were carried between himself and O’Sullivan, and they did not meet each other, and that was not easy for the earl the army assault attack that narrow pass, the
ful heir to succeed him.
As the earl Thomond, after had gone Cork the lord justice, the resolution that the lord justice came was, that the earl should return back again with forces the island which had left the garrison before that, viz. , the Island Whiddy, and sent fleet with ordnance round
sea, which arrived the vicinity Dun-Baoi (Dunboy), and having entered port, they took
other guards along with him O'Sullivan went into boat force, and Teige happened
defend the ship. seize the ship
along with him the boat that time; Teige called out his
was not barony Ireland but that Teige would
lord full worthy bounty, purchasing chandize, and had
wine, estate
manual action, horses, and mer inheritance, the
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704 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1602.
island called Baoi-Bheire the (island of Beare), trench, order fire on the castle with the ord and they slew the guards of along with their nance, and having continued firing for con captain, Richard, the son Rossa, son Connla siderable time, they demolished and razed the Mac Geoghegan, which happened follows. The castle the ground, and slew the guards, and crews the fleet, having landed their arms and such them had not been slain were hanged ordnance Dunboy, took by constructing couples by the earl Thomond. ”
well-fortified defensive ditch, and very strong After that castle had been taken from O’Sullivan,
Siege Dunboy. —A full account this remarkable siege faithful commander, and Carew says, “all the eloquence and arti given the Pacata Hibernia, and Mac Geoghegan the fice which the earl could use availed nothing. ” The fleet from
Pacata plates are given, representing the siege and the strong castle Dunboy, which was situated Bearehaven, the county Cork, and was the principal fortress the O'Sullivans, lords
Cork had arrived some time before co-operate with Carew, and having brought large supplies artillery, ammunition, and provi sions, the siege was commenced with great vigour. The English
Beare. The celebrated chief Donal O'Sullivan Beare, having de were posted the great and little island, and on the main land
livered his castle Dunboy the Spaniards, under Don Juan Aquila, with whom entered into alliance, was highly indig nant when he learned that Don Juan, the capitulation Kinsale, had agreed surrender the English. O'Sullivan was lodged
the castle, along with his Spanish friends, and having resolved recover the castle from them, put his plan into execution about
the 20th February, and the dead night, when the Spaniards were soundly sleeping, he had hole broke the wall, through which 80 his men entered, whom he had ready outside. the morning the Spanish captain, Don Francesco Savedra, finding himself surprised, had remedy but submit, particularly
near the castle, which they commenced batter with pieces artillery, some which were brass guns called Falcons. On their landing near Dunboy, they were attacked by the Irish with great bravery, and many were slain both sides. Captain Tyrrell, says Carew, “was shot the body, but not deep enough; two prisoners were taken and presently hanged, one whom was ser vant James Archer, the infamous Jesuit, and the Jesuit him self had not been light-footed priest, he had fallen into our hands. ”
At this time Spanish ship landed the haven Kilmaki'lock, near Ardea, bringing some munitions war and money O'Sulli van this vessel were several Irish, and, amongst others, Owen Mac Egan, who was appointed by the Pope bishop Ross, and vicar apostolic, and, according Mac Geoghegan, he brought with him £12000 for the assistance of the Irish. On the 7th
was informed Father Archer,
friends, that O'Sullivan had force
under his friends Fitzmaurice, lord
captain Richard Tyrrell, and William Burke. The Spaniards at June Carew posted his forces neck land, within mile
tempted some resistance, and shot two three the Irish, but they were all disarmed O'Sullivan's men, and kept the cap tain, with few their best men and gunners, and sent the rest
Baltimore, embarked for Spain. O'Sullivan seized all the ordnance, arms, ammunition and provisions, and made every pre paration fortify his castle against the English wrote letters, wbich are given the Pacata, the king Spain, the count Caracena, &c. , justifying his conduct, and saying held the cas tle for the king Spain, and one his letters he says, “his ancestors had maintained the credit and calling great gentlemen for 2,600 years, since their first coming out Spain. ” On the 9th March, the president Carew sent the earl Thomond with 2,500 men, into Carberry and Beare, “to view what manner the castle Dunboy was fortified, the incredible strength whereof much was noised. ” The earl marched with his forces the abbey
Dunboy, arm the sea passing between the castle and the camp, and battered the castle with all his cannon. On the 13th captain Tyrrell made bold attack the English camp about midnight, and poured much shot through their tents; the artillery continued incessantly batter the castle till the 17th, when breach was effected, and an assault made, but the besieged sallied out the English from the castle the sea side, and many were slain both sides. Mac Geoghegan the commander, being mor tally wounded, Thomas Taylor, relative Tyrrell, was chosen
command, and he and his men retired into the vaults the castle, where there were barrels gunpowder, and Taylor, hav ing seized lighted torch his hand, threatened set the pow der fire, and blow up the castle, unless they had promise life, which was refused Carew; but his soldiers, for their own safety, compelled him surrender. Captain Power, and other officers, having entered the vault, they found Mac Geoghegan lying there mortally wounded, but he, perceiving Taylor and the rest ready surrender, he raised himself from the ground, and snatching lighted candle, staggered forward barrel pow
Bantry, but Tyrrell and his men, being posted the mountains
Jesuit, one O'Sullivan's 1000 men near the castle,
Kerry, Donal Mac Carthy,
Beare, feared, says Carew, “that could not advance fur
ther without apparent danger. ” The heroic Tyrrell, man
peerless valour, fought almost all the battles during this war,
alliance with O’Neill, and was one the most formidable com der which was uncovered, and, with desperate resolution, attempted manders the English had encountered. The earl of Thomond re set fire, and thus blow up the English the castle, well turned Cork, but, according Mac Geoghegan, left large his own friends but was seized captain Power, and force Whiddy Island, under sir John Dowdall, lord Barry, cap some the English soldiers rushed forward and killed him. tain Flower, and other officers, but they were expelled from the Taylor and the rest were then brought prisoners the camp, and island some time afterwards by O'Sullivan. Carew himself, the same day, says Carew, 58 them were hanged the market
having resolved besiege Dunboy, marched from Cork the 23rd April, with 3000 men, accompanied by the earl Tho
place; according Carew, the entire garrison consisted only 143 select men, whom none escaped, being all slain, executed, buried the ruins, and, he says, “so obstinate and resolved
mond, and they were afterwards joined by the forces Charles Wilmot from Kerry. The English advanced Bantry,
sir
defence hath not been seen within this kingdom. ” The siege Dunboy lasted days, from the 1st the 18th June, and the gain his points bribery instead fighting, had letter pri small garrison defended themselves, says Mac Geoghegan, with
May, and the crafty Carew with his usual policy, preferring
vately conveyed (by Owen O'Sullivan, chief who was opposed O'Sullivan Beare), the Spaniards Dunboy, persuading them abandon O'Sullivan, but they honourably refused his offers. On the 31st May, the English forces were landed Beare island, and, by the contrivance Carew, an interview took place
Spartan bravery, against army more than 3000 men, with
June, Carew blew up the castle Dunboy with gunpowder, and the island between the earl Thomond, and captain Richard the outworks and fortifications were utterly destroyed. Captain Mac Geoghegan, chief Westmeath, who, from his distinguished Taylor, who was made prisoner, was brought Cork Carew,
valour, was appointed O'Sullivan constable his castle and soon after hung chains, near the north gate the city, 1)unboy. The earl Thomond, Carew's instructions, en charge having beenone the persons who, many years before, deavoured induce Mac Geoghegan betray the castle into the had killed captain George Bingham Sligo, and Dominick Col hands the English; but all their offers were scorned that lins, friar who was taken prisoner Dunboy, was hanged
powerful artillery, and
600 men. Carew's forces
gan, massacred the inhabitants Dorsey Island, and the 22nd
says the English lost, during the siege, this time, according Mac Geoghe
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 705
he went, with his cows and cattle flocks, with his killed their horses for the purpose eating, and people and moveable property, behind the rugged carrying with them their flesh, and putting their
topped hills, into the recesses and fastnesses of his country; the earl (of Thomond), with his forces,
hides frames formed slender, tough long osiers, make Curachs them convey them across the Shannon's blue stream, Ath-Coilleadh Ruadh, and they crossed over without hazard danger, and they landed the opposite side,
and O’Sullivan and his party, continued shooting
and fighting against each other ’till the Christmas
times, and the two forces rested and encamped
opposite each other in the Gleann-Garbh (i. e. the Siol-Anmcha (barony Longford, Galway); rough, or rugged glen, now Glengariff), and that they proceeded from thence, and, the eleventh glen was O'Sullivan's principal stronghold. His night, they reached Aughrim Hy-Maine; when people began to separate from O’Sullivan private
ly, without his permission; in the first place cap
tain Tyrrell parted from him, and he himself was
obliged to depart, unperceived and unnoticed by overtook them on that occasion, were the son
the earl, on the Christmas holidays; their first the earl Clamrickard, namely, Thomas, the son night’s journey from Glengariff was to Baile Ulick, son Rickard Saxanach; Mac Coghlan, Muirne (Ballyvourney, in the barony of West John Oge, son John, son Art; O'Mad Muskerry, in Cork); the second night to the bor den, namely, Donal, son John, son Breasal, ders of the teritories of O’Keeffe and Mac Auliff and his son Anmcha, and active parties the
the barony Duhallow); the third night they O’Kellys, and many others who are not recorded, arrived Ard-Padraig (Ardpatrick, the barony with all their forces with them. O'Sullivan,
Coshlea, county Limerick); the fourth night O'Conor Kerry, and William Burke, the son Sulchoid (between Limerick and Cashel); they Shane-na-Seamar, with their small party, for they
they arrived there, the clans and parties their vicinity collected before and after them, and raised cry sides them. Of the nobles who
were the fifth and sixth mights Bel-na-Coilleadh;
the seventh night Leatharach (Latteragh,
Ikerrin, Tipperary); the eighth night Baile
Achaidh-Chaoin (probably Burrisokane, Us
keane, Lower Ormond); was not day who were harassing and pursuing them. O'Sul night during that space without encountering des livan made onset, with rage and anger, with perate conflicts and severe pursuits, which were fury and vehemence, towards the place where the valiantly and promptly resisted him. Having English were, for against them was excited his arrived the ninth night the wood called Coill entire vengeance, and animosity, and did not Fhinne (the forest Brosnach, according Mac stop until gained the place where beheld
Geoghegan), they remained for two nights that place; Donogh, the son Carbry Mac Egan, was their vicinity, and was boldly attacking and
shooting O’Sullivan and his people, that length was obliged slain, would not
cease the request O'Sullivan. When they could not get skiffs, any other boats, ready, they
their commander, and fiercely and quickly cut off the head the noble Englishman, namely, the
son captain Malby; that collected force was afterwards defeated, and great number them were slain, and doubtful the like number
sorce, fatigued after long march, and encom passed their enemies they were, performed
Youghai, his native town. At this time, according Mac Geogh
egan, the Spanish army, which was collected the exertions
of Red Hugh O'Donnell, assembled Corunna, and amounted
14,000 men; but the expedition Ireland was countermanded
when the news had arrived the fall Dunboy, which was the
last fortress held by the Irish Munster, and the Spaniards alto
gether gave the expedition Ireland after the death O'Don Hiberniae Compendium,” published Lisbon, 1621. Don Phi
nell. O'Sullivan Beare was along with his friend Tyrrell when the castle Dunboy was taken, and he afterwards went the North, join O'Rourke, recorded the Annals. This Donal O'Sullivan was the last prince Beare, and his ancestors, for
O’Sullivan was sea captain, the service king Philip, and those O'Sullivans, and some their descendants the Spanish service, were styled Counts Bearhaven.
did not remain
amount three hundred, were obliged Aughrim Hy Maine, engage and
fight,
their true valour was tried against many hundreds
that they gave them pitched battle, and
many ages, ruled over the territory which forms the baronies Bear and Bantry, the county Cork, and another branch the same family were lords Dunkerrin, Kerry. Donal O'Sul livan Beare, after the subjugation Ireland, retired Spain, where died, and his son, Don Philip O'Sullivan Beare, wrote the celebrated work Irish history entitled “Historiae Catholicae
4 x
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706 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1602.
such an exploit as they achieved on that day, in act valiantly defence their patrimonies against defence of their lives and renown. They proceeded the English, until should return them with from thence, after encountering great dangers, forces relieve them, and remain the camp betrayals, and way-layings, along the roads, until which they were, for their loss was small, al they arrived in Ulster. though they had been defeated. He told them,
Mac Namara Fionn (the Fair), namely, John, moreover, would not easy for them return
the son of Teige, son of Cumeadha, died on the
24th of the month of February, and Donal his son succeeded him.
Torlogh, the son of Mahon, son of the bishop
O'Brien, was killed in Hy-Maine by John Burke,
the son of Rickard, son of John of Doire-Mac Lachtna.
safe their country, they were inclined
so, for their enemies and opponents would pursue and attack them, and that those who were friendly and kind towards them, on their march Mun ster, would be inimical and treacherous them
their return their countries, and that they would attack and plunder them, and insult them. Mac Brody, i.