)
interview
with Philip.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
” (Pott, according to other traditions, Poseidon or Zephyrus
Etymologische Forschungen, p. xxxvi. ) Respecting begot the horse by a Harpy. (Eustath. ad Hom.
the meaning of Ario, see ARIA RATHES.
p. 1051 ; Quint. Smyrn. iv. 570. ) Another story
1 The son of Dareius and Parmys, the daughter related, that Poseidon created Arion in his con-
of Smerdis, commanded the Moschi and Tibareni test with Athena. (Serv. ad Virg. Georg. i. 12. )
in the army of Xerxes. (Herod. vii. 78. ) From Poseidon the horse passed through the
2. The brother of Artuphius, commanded the hands of Copreus, Oncus, and Heracles, from whom
Caspii in the army of Xerxes. (Herod. vii. 67. ) it was received by Adrastus. (Paus. l. c. ; Hesiod.
3. The ruler of Thebes in Egypt, one of the Scut. Herc. 120. )
(L. S. )
commanders of the Egyptians in the army of ARIOVISTUS, a German chief, who engaged
Xerxes. (Aesch. Pers. 38, 313. )
in war against C. Julius Caesar in Gaul, B. C. 58.
ARI'ON ('Aplor). l. An ancient Greek bard For some time before that year, Gaul had been
and great master on the cithara, was a native of distracted by the quarrels and wars of two parties,
Methymna in Lesbos, and, according to some ac- the one headed by the Aedui (in the modern
counts, a son of Cyclon or of Poseidon and the Burgundy), the other by the Arverni (Auvergne),
nymph Oncaea He is called the inventor of the and Sequani (to the W. of Jura). The latter called
dithyrambic poetry, and of the name dithyramb. in the aid of the Germans, of whoin at first about
(Herod. i. 23; Schol. ad Pind. 01. xiii. 25. ) All | 15,000 crossed the Rhine, and their report of the
traditions about him agree in describing him as a wealth and fertility of Gaul soon attracted large
contemporary and friend of Periander, tyrant of bodies of fresh invaders. The number of the
Corinth, so that he must have lived about B. C. Germans in that country at length amounted to
700. He appears to have spent a great part of his 120,000: a mixed multitude, consisting of mem-
life at the court of Periander, but respecting his bers of the following tribes :— the Harudes, Mar-
life and his poetical or musical productions, comanni, Triboci, Vangiones, Nemetes, Sedusii,
scarcely anything is known beyond the beautiful and Suevi, most of whom had lately occupied the
story of his escape from the sailors with whom he country stretching from the right bank of the
sailed from Sicily to Corinth. On one occasion, Rhine to the Danube, and northwards to the
thus runs the story, Arion went to Sicily to take Riesengebirge and Erzgebirge, or even beyond
part in some musical contest. He won the prize, them. At their head was Ariovistus, whose name
and, laden with presents, he embarked in a Corin- is supposed to have been Latinized from Heer, “
thian ship to return to his friend Periander. The host," and Fürst, “ a prince,” and who was so
rude sailors coveted his treasures, and meditated powerful as to receive from the Roman senate the
his murder. Apollo, in a dream, informed his be title of amicus. They entirely subdued the Aedni,
loved bard of the plot. After having tried in vain and compelled them to give hostages to the Seqnani,
to save his life, he at length obtained permission and swear never to seek help from Rome. But it
once more to seek delight in his song and playing fared worse with the conquerors than the con-
on the cithara. In festal attire he placed himself quered, for Arioristus first seized a third part of
in the prow of the ship and invoked the gods in the Sequanian territory, as the price of the triumph
inspired strains, and then threw himself into the which he had won for them, and soon after de-
But many song-loving dolphins had assem manded a second portion of equal extent. Live
.
a
sea.
## p. 288 (#308) ############################################
288
ARISBE
ARISTAENUS.
tiacus, the only noble Aeduan who had neither She was a native of Crete, and some traditions
given hostages nor taken the oath, requested help stated that it was this Arisbe who gave the name
from Caesar, and was accompanied by a numerous to the town of Arisbe. (Suph. Ryz. s. v. ; Lycophr.
deputation of Gallic chiefs of all tribes, who had 1308. ) According to others, Bateja was the wife
now forgotten their mutual quarrels in their terror of Dardanus. (Apollod. iii. 12. $ ); comp. Eustath.
of the common foe. They all expressed the greatest ad Hom. p. 894. )
fear lest their request should be known to Ario- 3. A daughter of Macarus, and wife of Paris,
vistus, and the Sequani regarded him with such froin whom the town of Arisbe in Lesbos derived
awe, that they durst not utter a word to Caesar, its name. (Steph. Byz. s. r'. ; Eustath. 2. c. ) (L. S. )
but only shewed their misery by their downcast ARISTAE'NETUS ('Aplotavetos), of Dymae,
looks. Caesar, who was afraid that first Gaul and an Achaean general, the commander of the Achaean
then Italy would be overrun by the barbarians, cavalry on the right wing in the battle of Mantincia,
sent orders to Ariovistus to prevent the irruption B. C. 207. (Polyb. xi. 11. ) (ARISTAENUS)
of any more Germans, and to restore the hostages 2. The author of a work on Phaselis, of which
to the Aedui. These demands were refused in the first book is quoted by Stephanus Byz. (s. r.
the same haughty tone of defiance which Ariovistus réna. ) He appears also to have written on Egypt
had before uscd in declining an interview proposed and the good things of the Nile. (Endoc. Vid.
p.
by Caesar. Both parties then advanced with war- 67. ) Fabricius (Biw. Gruec. ii. p. 097) mentions
like intentions, and the Romans seized Vesonlio several other persons of this name.
(Besançon), the chief town of the Sequani. Here ARISTAE'NETUS('Apiotalvetos), the reputeu
they were so terrified by the accounts which they author of two books of Love-Letters (€Tuotola)
heard of the gigantic bulk and fierce courage of the dowTikai), which were first edited by Sambucus,
Germans, that they gave themselves up to despair, | (Antwerp, 1566), and subsequently by de Pauw,
and the camp was filled with nen making their (Utrecht, 1736), Abresch, (Zwoll
. 1749), and
wills. Caesar reanimated them by a brilliant Buissonade (1822). These Letters are taken al-
speech, at the end of which he said that, if they most entirely from Plato, Lucian, Pbilostratus,
refused to advance, he should himself proceed with and Plutarch; and so owe to their reputed author
his favourite tenth legion only. Upon this they Aristaenetus nothing but the connexion. They
repented of their despondency, and prepared for are short unconnected stories of love adventures ;
battle. Before this could take place, an inter- and if the language in occasional sentences, or
view between Caesar and Ariovistus was at last eren paragraphs, is terse and elegant, yet on the
held by the request of the latter. They could whole they are only too insipid to be disgusting.
come, however, to no agreement, but the battle Of the author nothing is known. It has been
was still delayed for some days ; Ariovistus con- conjectured, that he is the same as Aristaenetus of
triving means of postponing it, on account of a Nicaea, 10 whom several of Libanius' Epistles are
prophecy that the Germans would not succeed if addressed, and who lost bis life in the earthquake
they engaged before the new moon. The battle in Nicomedia, A. D. 358. (Comp. Ammian. Mar-
ended by the total defeat of Ariovistus, who im- cell. xvii. 7. ) 'That this supposition, however, is
mediately fled with his army to the Rhine, a erroneous, is proved by the mention of the cele-
distance of 50 miles from the field. Some crossed brated pantomimus Caramallus in one of the epis-
the river by swimming, others in small boats, and tles, who is mentioned in the fifth century by
among the latter Ariovistus himself. His two Sidonius Apolloniaris (xxii. 267) as his contem-
wives perished in the retreat; one of his daughters porary. Sidonius died A. D. 484. (C. T. A. )
was taken prisoner, the other killed. The fame of ARISTAENUS ('Apioraivos), of Megalopolis,
Ariovistus long survived in Gaul, so that in Tacitus sometimes called Aristaenetus by Polybius
(Hist. iv. 73) we find Cerealis telling the Treveri (Schweigh. ad Polyb. xvii. 1) and Plutarch (Phu-
that the Romans had occupied the banks of the lop. 13, 17). Aristaenus, however, appears to be
Rhine,“ nequis alius Ariovistus rogno Galliarum the correct name. He was strategus of the Achaean
potirctur. " This shews that the representation league in B. c. 198, and induced the Achaeans to
which Caesar gives of his power is not exaggerated. join the Romans in the war against Philip of Ma-
(Caes. B. G. i. 31--53 ; Dion Cass. xxxviii. 31, cedon. Polybius defends him from the charge of
&c. ; Plut. Cres. 18; Liv. Epit. 104. ) (G. E. L. C. ] | treachery for having done so. In the following
ÁRIPHRON ('Aplopwv). 2. The father of year (B. c. 197) he was again strategus and accom-
Xanthippus, and grandfather of Pericles. (Herod. panied the consul T. Quinctius Flamininus to his
vi. 131, 136, vii. 33, viii. 131 ; Paus, iii. 7. $ 8.
) interview with Philip. (Polyb. xxxii. 19-21,
2. The brother of Pericles. (Plat. Protag. p. ! 32; Polyb. xvii. 1, 7, 13. ) In the same year he
320, a. )
also persuaded the Boeotians to espouse the side
3. Of Sicyon, a Greek poet, the author of a beau- of the Romans. (Liv. xxxiii. 2. ) In B. c. 195,
tiful paean to health (Tylera), which has been when he was again strategus, he joined Flamininus
preserved by Athenaeus. (xv. p. 702, a. ) The with 10,000 foot and 1000 horse in order to attack
beginning of the poem is quoted by Lucian (de Nabis. (Liv. xxxiv. 25, &c. ) He was also
Lapsu inter Salt. c. 6. ) and Maximus Tyrius (xiii. strategus in B. c. 185, and attacked Philopoemen
1. ) It is printed in Bergk's Poetae Lyrici Grueci, and Lycortas for their conduct in relation to the
embassy that had been sent to Ptolemy. (Polyb.
ARISBE ('Apioen). 1. A daughter of Merops xxiii. 7, 9, 10. )
and first wife of Priam, by whom she became the Aristnenus was the political opponent of Philo-
mother of Aesacus, but was afterwards resigned to poemen, and showed more readiness to gratify the
Hyrtacus. (Apollod. i. 12. § 5. ) According to wishes of the Romans than Philopoemen did. He
some accounts, the Trojan town of Arisbe derived was eloquent and skilled in politics, but not dis-
its name from her. (Steph. By z. s. r. )
tinguished in war. (Polyb. xxv. 9; comp. Plut.
2. A daughter of Teucer and wife of Dardanus. Philop. 17; Paus. viii. 51. $ 1. )
a
p. 841.
## p. 289 (#309) ############################################
ARISTAEUS.
289
ARISTAGORAS.
ARISTAEON. (ARISTAEUB. ]
ARISTAEUS ("Apioraios), the son of Damo
ARISTAEUS ('Aplotaios), an ancient divinity phon, of Croton, a Pythagoraean philosopher, who
worshipped in various parts of Greece, as in succeeded Pythagoras as head of the school, and
Thessaly, Ceos, and Boeotia, but especially in married his widow Theano. (lambl. c. 36. ) He
the islands of the Aegean, Ionian, and Adriatic was the author of several mathematical works,
seas, which had once been inhabited by Pelasgians. which Euclid used. (Pappus, lib. vii. Muthem.
The different accounts about Aristaeus, who once Coll. init. ) Stobaeus has given (Ed. i. 6, p.
was a mortal, and ascended to the dignity of a god 429, ed. Heeren) an extract from a work on
through the benefits he had conferred upon man- Harmony (Tep! 'Apuovías), by Aristaeon, who
kind, seem to have arisen in different places and may be the same as this Aristaeus. (Fabric.
independently of one another, so that they referred Bill. Graec. i. p. 836. )
to several distinct beings, who were subsequently ARISTAEUS. (ARISTEAS. ]
identified and united into one. He is described ARISTA GORA ('Αρισταγόρα). 1. An
either as a son of Uranus and Ge, or according to hetaira, the mistress of the orator Hyperides,
a more general tradition, as the son of Apollo by against whom he afterwards delivered two orations.
Cyrene, the grand-daughter of Peneius. Other, (Athen. xiii. pp. 590, d. 586, a. 587, d. 588, c. ;
but more local traditions, call his father Cheiron Harpocrat. s. v. 'Aqúa. . ).
or Carystus. (Diod. iv. 81, &c. ; Apollon. Rhod. 2. A Corinthian hetaira, the mistress of Deme-
iii. 500, &c. with the Schol. ; Pind. Pyth. ix. 45, trius, the grandson of Demetrius Phalereus.
&c. ) The stories about his youth are very mar- (Athen. iv. p. 167, d. e. )
vellous, and shew him at once as the favourite of ARISTA'GORAS ('Aplotayopas), of Miletus,
the gods. His mother Cyrene had been carried brother-in-law and cousin of Histiaeus, was left by
off by Apollo from mount Pelion, where he found him, on bis occupation of Myrcinus and during his
her boldly fighting with a lion, to Libya, where stay at the Persian court, in charge of the govern-
Cyrene was named after her, and where she gave ment of Miletus. His misconduct in this situation
birth to Aristaeus. After he had grown up, Aris caused the first interruption of an interval of uni-
taeus went to Thebes in Boeotia, where he learned versal peace, and commenced the chain of events
from Cheiron and the muses the arts of healing which raised Greece to the level of Persia. In 501
and prophecy. According to some statements he B. C. , tempted by the prospect of making Naxos
married Autonoë, the daughter of Cadmus, who his dependency, he obtained a force for its reduc-
bore him several song, Charmus, Calaicarpus, Ac- tion from the neighbouring satrap, Artaphemes.
taeon, and Polydorus. (Hesiod. Theog. 975. ) While leading it he quarrelled with its commander ;
After the unfortunate death of bis son Actaeon, hé the Persian in revenge sent warning to Naxos, and
left Thebes and went to Ceos, whose inhabitants the project failed. Aristagoras finding his treasure
he delivered from a destructive drought, by erecting wasted, and himself embarrassed through the failure
an altar to Zeus Icmaeus. This gave rise to an of his promises to Artaphernes, began to meditate
identification of Aristaeus with Zeus in Ceos. a general revolt of lonia.
A message from His-
From thence he returned to Libya, where his tiaeus determined him. His first step was to seize
mother prepared for him a fleet, with which he the several tyrants who were still with the arma-
sailed to Sicily, visited several islands of the ment, deliver them up to their subjects, and pro-
Mediterranean, and for a time ruled over Sar-claim democracy ; hiinself too, professedly, surren-
dinia
From these islands his worship spread dering his power. He then set sail for Greece, and
over Magna Graecia and other Greek colonies. applied for succours, first at Sparta ; but after using
At last he went to Thrace, where he became ini- every engine in his power to win Cleomenes, the
tiated in the mysteries of Dionysus, and after king, he was ordered to depart: at Athens he was
having dwelled for some time near mount Haemus, better received ; and with the troops from twenty
where he founded the town of Aristaeon, he dis- galleys which he there obtained, and five added by
appeared. (Comp. Paus. x. 17. & 3. ) Aristaeus the Eretrians, he sent, in 499, an army up the
is one of the most beneficent divinities in ancient country, which captured and burnt Sardis, but was
mythology: he was worshipped as the protector of finally chased back to the coast. These allies now
flocks and shepherds, of vine and olive plantations; departed; the Persian commanders were reducing
he taught men to hunt and keep bees, and averted the maritime towns; Aristagoras, in trepidation
from the fields the burning heat of the sun and and despondency, proposed to his friends to m-
other causes of destruction; he was a Seos vóuios, grate to Sardinia or Myrcinus. This course he
αγρεύς, and αλεξητήρ. The benefits which he con- was bent upon himself; and leaving the Asiatic
ferred upon man, differed in different places ac- Greeks to allay as they could, the storm he had
cording to their especial wants: Ceos, which was raised, he fled with all who would join him to
much exposed to heat and droughts, received Myrcinus. Shortly after, probably in 497, while
through him rain and refreshing winds ; in Thes- attacking a town of the neighbouring Edonians, lie
saly and Arcadia he was the protector of the flocks was cut off with his forces by a sally of the be-
and bees. . (Virg. Georg. i. 14, iv. 283, 317. ) sieged. He seems to have been supple and elo-
Justin (xiii. 7) throws everything into confusion quent man, ready to venture on the boldest steps,
by describing Nomios and Agreus, which are only as means for mere personal ends, but utterly lack-
surnames of Aristaeus, as his brothers. Respect- ing in address to use them at the right moment;
ing the representations of this divinity on ancient and generally weak, inefficient, and cowardly.
coins, see Rasche, Lex. Numism. i. 1. p. 1100, and (Herod. v. 30--38, 49–51, 97-100, 124—120 ;
respecting his worship in general Brøndsted, Thuc. is. 102. )
(A. H. C. )
Reisen, gc. in Griech. i. p. 40, &c. (L. S. ] ARISTA'GORAS ('Apiotayópas). 1. Tyrant
ARISTAEUS, the original name according to of Cuma, son of Heracleides, one of the lonian
Justin (xiii. 7) of Battus, the founder of Cyrene. chiefs left by Dareius to guard the bridge over the
(BATTUS. )
Danube. On the revolt of the Ionians from Per-
U
## p.
Etymologische Forschungen, p. xxxvi. ) Respecting begot the horse by a Harpy. (Eustath. ad Hom.
the meaning of Ario, see ARIA RATHES.
p. 1051 ; Quint. Smyrn. iv. 570. ) Another story
1 The son of Dareius and Parmys, the daughter related, that Poseidon created Arion in his con-
of Smerdis, commanded the Moschi and Tibareni test with Athena. (Serv. ad Virg. Georg. i. 12. )
in the army of Xerxes. (Herod. vii. 78. ) From Poseidon the horse passed through the
2. The brother of Artuphius, commanded the hands of Copreus, Oncus, and Heracles, from whom
Caspii in the army of Xerxes. (Herod. vii. 67. ) it was received by Adrastus. (Paus. l. c. ; Hesiod.
3. The ruler of Thebes in Egypt, one of the Scut. Herc. 120. )
(L. S. )
commanders of the Egyptians in the army of ARIOVISTUS, a German chief, who engaged
Xerxes. (Aesch. Pers. 38, 313. )
in war against C. Julius Caesar in Gaul, B. C. 58.
ARI'ON ('Aplor). l. An ancient Greek bard For some time before that year, Gaul had been
and great master on the cithara, was a native of distracted by the quarrels and wars of two parties,
Methymna in Lesbos, and, according to some ac- the one headed by the Aedui (in the modern
counts, a son of Cyclon or of Poseidon and the Burgundy), the other by the Arverni (Auvergne),
nymph Oncaea He is called the inventor of the and Sequani (to the W. of Jura). The latter called
dithyrambic poetry, and of the name dithyramb. in the aid of the Germans, of whoin at first about
(Herod. i. 23; Schol. ad Pind. 01. xiii. 25. ) All | 15,000 crossed the Rhine, and their report of the
traditions about him agree in describing him as a wealth and fertility of Gaul soon attracted large
contemporary and friend of Periander, tyrant of bodies of fresh invaders. The number of the
Corinth, so that he must have lived about B. C. Germans in that country at length amounted to
700. He appears to have spent a great part of his 120,000: a mixed multitude, consisting of mem-
life at the court of Periander, but respecting his bers of the following tribes :— the Harudes, Mar-
life and his poetical or musical productions, comanni, Triboci, Vangiones, Nemetes, Sedusii,
scarcely anything is known beyond the beautiful and Suevi, most of whom had lately occupied the
story of his escape from the sailors with whom he country stretching from the right bank of the
sailed from Sicily to Corinth. On one occasion, Rhine to the Danube, and northwards to the
thus runs the story, Arion went to Sicily to take Riesengebirge and Erzgebirge, or even beyond
part in some musical contest. He won the prize, them. At their head was Ariovistus, whose name
and, laden with presents, he embarked in a Corin- is supposed to have been Latinized from Heer, “
thian ship to return to his friend Periander. The host," and Fürst, “ a prince,” and who was so
rude sailors coveted his treasures, and meditated powerful as to receive from the Roman senate the
his murder. Apollo, in a dream, informed his be title of amicus. They entirely subdued the Aedni,
loved bard of the plot. After having tried in vain and compelled them to give hostages to the Seqnani,
to save his life, he at length obtained permission and swear never to seek help from Rome. But it
once more to seek delight in his song and playing fared worse with the conquerors than the con-
on the cithara. In festal attire he placed himself quered, for Arioristus first seized a third part of
in the prow of the ship and invoked the gods in the Sequanian territory, as the price of the triumph
inspired strains, and then threw himself into the which he had won for them, and soon after de-
But many song-loving dolphins had assem manded a second portion of equal extent. Live
.
a
sea.
## p. 288 (#308) ############################################
288
ARISBE
ARISTAENUS.
tiacus, the only noble Aeduan who had neither She was a native of Crete, and some traditions
given hostages nor taken the oath, requested help stated that it was this Arisbe who gave the name
from Caesar, and was accompanied by a numerous to the town of Arisbe. (Suph. Ryz. s. v. ; Lycophr.
deputation of Gallic chiefs of all tribes, who had 1308. ) According to others, Bateja was the wife
now forgotten their mutual quarrels in their terror of Dardanus. (Apollod. iii. 12. $ ); comp. Eustath.
of the common foe. They all expressed the greatest ad Hom. p. 894. )
fear lest their request should be known to Ario- 3. A daughter of Macarus, and wife of Paris,
vistus, and the Sequani regarded him with such froin whom the town of Arisbe in Lesbos derived
awe, that they durst not utter a word to Caesar, its name. (Steph. Byz. s. r'. ; Eustath. 2. c. ) (L. S. )
but only shewed their misery by their downcast ARISTAE'NETUS ('Aplotavetos), of Dymae,
looks. Caesar, who was afraid that first Gaul and an Achaean general, the commander of the Achaean
then Italy would be overrun by the barbarians, cavalry on the right wing in the battle of Mantincia,
sent orders to Ariovistus to prevent the irruption B. C. 207. (Polyb. xi. 11. ) (ARISTAENUS)
of any more Germans, and to restore the hostages 2. The author of a work on Phaselis, of which
to the Aedui. These demands were refused in the first book is quoted by Stephanus Byz. (s. r.
the same haughty tone of defiance which Ariovistus réna. ) He appears also to have written on Egypt
had before uscd in declining an interview proposed and the good things of the Nile. (Endoc. Vid.
p.
by Caesar. Both parties then advanced with war- 67. ) Fabricius (Biw. Gruec. ii. p. 097) mentions
like intentions, and the Romans seized Vesonlio several other persons of this name.
(Besançon), the chief town of the Sequani. Here ARISTAE'NETUS('Apiotalvetos), the reputeu
they were so terrified by the accounts which they author of two books of Love-Letters (€Tuotola)
heard of the gigantic bulk and fierce courage of the dowTikai), which were first edited by Sambucus,
Germans, that they gave themselves up to despair, | (Antwerp, 1566), and subsequently by de Pauw,
and the camp was filled with nen making their (Utrecht, 1736), Abresch, (Zwoll
. 1749), and
wills. Caesar reanimated them by a brilliant Buissonade (1822). These Letters are taken al-
speech, at the end of which he said that, if they most entirely from Plato, Lucian, Pbilostratus,
refused to advance, he should himself proceed with and Plutarch; and so owe to their reputed author
his favourite tenth legion only. Upon this they Aristaenetus nothing but the connexion. They
repented of their despondency, and prepared for are short unconnected stories of love adventures ;
battle. Before this could take place, an inter- and if the language in occasional sentences, or
view between Caesar and Ariovistus was at last eren paragraphs, is terse and elegant, yet on the
held by the request of the latter. They could whole they are only too insipid to be disgusting.
come, however, to no agreement, but the battle Of the author nothing is known. It has been
was still delayed for some days ; Ariovistus con- conjectured, that he is the same as Aristaenetus of
triving means of postponing it, on account of a Nicaea, 10 whom several of Libanius' Epistles are
prophecy that the Germans would not succeed if addressed, and who lost bis life in the earthquake
they engaged before the new moon. The battle in Nicomedia, A. D. 358. (Comp. Ammian. Mar-
ended by the total defeat of Ariovistus, who im- cell. xvii. 7. ) 'That this supposition, however, is
mediately fled with his army to the Rhine, a erroneous, is proved by the mention of the cele-
distance of 50 miles from the field. Some crossed brated pantomimus Caramallus in one of the epis-
the river by swimming, others in small boats, and tles, who is mentioned in the fifth century by
among the latter Ariovistus himself. His two Sidonius Apolloniaris (xxii. 267) as his contem-
wives perished in the retreat; one of his daughters porary. Sidonius died A. D. 484. (C. T. A. )
was taken prisoner, the other killed. The fame of ARISTAENUS ('Apioraivos), of Megalopolis,
Ariovistus long survived in Gaul, so that in Tacitus sometimes called Aristaenetus by Polybius
(Hist. iv. 73) we find Cerealis telling the Treveri (Schweigh. ad Polyb. xvii. 1) and Plutarch (Phu-
that the Romans had occupied the banks of the lop. 13, 17). Aristaenus, however, appears to be
Rhine,“ nequis alius Ariovistus rogno Galliarum the correct name. He was strategus of the Achaean
potirctur. " This shews that the representation league in B. c. 198, and induced the Achaeans to
which Caesar gives of his power is not exaggerated. join the Romans in the war against Philip of Ma-
(Caes. B. G. i. 31--53 ; Dion Cass. xxxviii. 31, cedon. Polybius defends him from the charge of
&c. ; Plut. Cres. 18; Liv. Epit. 104. ) (G. E. L. C. ] | treachery for having done so. In the following
ÁRIPHRON ('Aplopwv). 2. The father of year (B. c. 197) he was again strategus and accom-
Xanthippus, and grandfather of Pericles. (Herod. panied the consul T. Quinctius Flamininus to his
vi. 131, 136, vii. 33, viii. 131 ; Paus, iii. 7. $ 8.
) interview with Philip. (Polyb. xxxii. 19-21,
2. The brother of Pericles. (Plat. Protag. p. ! 32; Polyb. xvii. 1, 7, 13. ) In the same year he
320, a. )
also persuaded the Boeotians to espouse the side
3. Of Sicyon, a Greek poet, the author of a beau- of the Romans. (Liv. xxxiii. 2. ) In B. c. 195,
tiful paean to health (Tylera), which has been when he was again strategus, he joined Flamininus
preserved by Athenaeus. (xv. p. 702, a. ) The with 10,000 foot and 1000 horse in order to attack
beginning of the poem is quoted by Lucian (de Nabis. (Liv. xxxiv. 25, &c. ) He was also
Lapsu inter Salt. c. 6. ) and Maximus Tyrius (xiii. strategus in B. c. 185, and attacked Philopoemen
1. ) It is printed in Bergk's Poetae Lyrici Grueci, and Lycortas for their conduct in relation to the
embassy that had been sent to Ptolemy. (Polyb.
ARISBE ('Apioen). 1. A daughter of Merops xxiii. 7, 9, 10. )
and first wife of Priam, by whom she became the Aristnenus was the political opponent of Philo-
mother of Aesacus, but was afterwards resigned to poemen, and showed more readiness to gratify the
Hyrtacus. (Apollod. i. 12. § 5. ) According to wishes of the Romans than Philopoemen did. He
some accounts, the Trojan town of Arisbe derived was eloquent and skilled in politics, but not dis-
its name from her. (Steph. By z. s. r. )
tinguished in war. (Polyb. xxv. 9; comp. Plut.
2. A daughter of Teucer and wife of Dardanus. Philop. 17; Paus. viii. 51. $ 1. )
a
p. 841.
## p. 289 (#309) ############################################
ARISTAEUS.
289
ARISTAGORAS.
ARISTAEON. (ARISTAEUB. ]
ARISTAEUS ("Apioraios), the son of Damo
ARISTAEUS ('Aplotaios), an ancient divinity phon, of Croton, a Pythagoraean philosopher, who
worshipped in various parts of Greece, as in succeeded Pythagoras as head of the school, and
Thessaly, Ceos, and Boeotia, but especially in married his widow Theano. (lambl. c. 36. ) He
the islands of the Aegean, Ionian, and Adriatic was the author of several mathematical works,
seas, which had once been inhabited by Pelasgians. which Euclid used. (Pappus, lib. vii. Muthem.
The different accounts about Aristaeus, who once Coll. init. ) Stobaeus has given (Ed. i. 6, p.
was a mortal, and ascended to the dignity of a god 429, ed. Heeren) an extract from a work on
through the benefits he had conferred upon man- Harmony (Tep! 'Apuovías), by Aristaeon, who
kind, seem to have arisen in different places and may be the same as this Aristaeus. (Fabric.
independently of one another, so that they referred Bill. Graec. i. p. 836. )
to several distinct beings, who were subsequently ARISTAEUS. (ARISTEAS. ]
identified and united into one. He is described ARISTA GORA ('Αρισταγόρα). 1. An
either as a son of Uranus and Ge, or according to hetaira, the mistress of the orator Hyperides,
a more general tradition, as the son of Apollo by against whom he afterwards delivered two orations.
Cyrene, the grand-daughter of Peneius. Other, (Athen. xiii. pp. 590, d. 586, a. 587, d. 588, c. ;
but more local traditions, call his father Cheiron Harpocrat. s. v. 'Aqúa. . ).
or Carystus. (Diod. iv. 81, &c. ; Apollon. Rhod. 2. A Corinthian hetaira, the mistress of Deme-
iii. 500, &c. with the Schol. ; Pind. Pyth. ix. 45, trius, the grandson of Demetrius Phalereus.
&c. ) The stories about his youth are very mar- (Athen. iv. p. 167, d. e. )
vellous, and shew him at once as the favourite of ARISTA'GORAS ('Aplotayopas), of Miletus,
the gods. His mother Cyrene had been carried brother-in-law and cousin of Histiaeus, was left by
off by Apollo from mount Pelion, where he found him, on bis occupation of Myrcinus and during his
her boldly fighting with a lion, to Libya, where stay at the Persian court, in charge of the govern-
Cyrene was named after her, and where she gave ment of Miletus. His misconduct in this situation
birth to Aristaeus. After he had grown up, Aris caused the first interruption of an interval of uni-
taeus went to Thebes in Boeotia, where he learned versal peace, and commenced the chain of events
from Cheiron and the muses the arts of healing which raised Greece to the level of Persia. In 501
and prophecy. According to some statements he B. C. , tempted by the prospect of making Naxos
married Autonoë, the daughter of Cadmus, who his dependency, he obtained a force for its reduc-
bore him several song, Charmus, Calaicarpus, Ac- tion from the neighbouring satrap, Artaphemes.
taeon, and Polydorus. (Hesiod. Theog. 975. ) While leading it he quarrelled with its commander ;
After the unfortunate death of bis son Actaeon, hé the Persian in revenge sent warning to Naxos, and
left Thebes and went to Ceos, whose inhabitants the project failed. Aristagoras finding his treasure
he delivered from a destructive drought, by erecting wasted, and himself embarrassed through the failure
an altar to Zeus Icmaeus. This gave rise to an of his promises to Artaphernes, began to meditate
identification of Aristaeus with Zeus in Ceos. a general revolt of lonia.
A message from His-
From thence he returned to Libya, where his tiaeus determined him. His first step was to seize
mother prepared for him a fleet, with which he the several tyrants who were still with the arma-
sailed to Sicily, visited several islands of the ment, deliver them up to their subjects, and pro-
Mediterranean, and for a time ruled over Sar-claim democracy ; hiinself too, professedly, surren-
dinia
From these islands his worship spread dering his power. He then set sail for Greece, and
over Magna Graecia and other Greek colonies. applied for succours, first at Sparta ; but after using
At last he went to Thrace, where he became ini- every engine in his power to win Cleomenes, the
tiated in the mysteries of Dionysus, and after king, he was ordered to depart: at Athens he was
having dwelled for some time near mount Haemus, better received ; and with the troops from twenty
where he founded the town of Aristaeon, he dis- galleys which he there obtained, and five added by
appeared. (Comp. Paus. x. 17. & 3. ) Aristaeus the Eretrians, he sent, in 499, an army up the
is one of the most beneficent divinities in ancient country, which captured and burnt Sardis, but was
mythology: he was worshipped as the protector of finally chased back to the coast. These allies now
flocks and shepherds, of vine and olive plantations; departed; the Persian commanders were reducing
he taught men to hunt and keep bees, and averted the maritime towns; Aristagoras, in trepidation
from the fields the burning heat of the sun and and despondency, proposed to his friends to m-
other causes of destruction; he was a Seos vóuios, grate to Sardinia or Myrcinus. This course he
αγρεύς, and αλεξητήρ. The benefits which he con- was bent upon himself; and leaving the Asiatic
ferred upon man, differed in different places ac- Greeks to allay as they could, the storm he had
cording to their especial wants: Ceos, which was raised, he fled with all who would join him to
much exposed to heat and droughts, received Myrcinus. Shortly after, probably in 497, while
through him rain and refreshing winds ; in Thes- attacking a town of the neighbouring Edonians, lie
saly and Arcadia he was the protector of the flocks was cut off with his forces by a sally of the be-
and bees. . (Virg. Georg. i. 14, iv. 283, 317. ) sieged. He seems to have been supple and elo-
Justin (xiii. 7) throws everything into confusion quent man, ready to venture on the boldest steps,
by describing Nomios and Agreus, which are only as means for mere personal ends, but utterly lack-
surnames of Aristaeus, as his brothers. Respect- ing in address to use them at the right moment;
ing the representations of this divinity on ancient and generally weak, inefficient, and cowardly.
coins, see Rasche, Lex. Numism. i. 1. p. 1100, and (Herod. v. 30--38, 49–51, 97-100, 124—120 ;
respecting his worship in general Brøndsted, Thuc. is. 102. )
(A. H. C. )
Reisen, gc. in Griech. i. p. 40, &c. (L. S. ] ARISTA'GORAS ('Apiotayópas). 1. Tyrant
ARISTAEUS, the original name according to of Cuma, son of Heracleides, one of the lonian
Justin (xiii. 7) of Battus, the founder of Cyrene. chiefs left by Dareius to guard the bridge over the
(BATTUS. )
Danube. On the revolt of the Ionians from Per-
U
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